25:: New Eda 5:355 2am This study was prepared under contract with the Metropolitan Area Planning Agency (MAPA), with financial support from the Office of Economic Adjustment, Department of Defense. The content reflects the views of MAPA and the jurisdictions, agencies and organizations participating in the JLUS program, and does not necessarily reflect the views of the Office of Economic Adjustment. JOINT LAND USE STUDY   OFFUTT AIR FORCE BASE JOINT LAND USE STUDY           Prepared Under Contract With:    Metropolitan Area Planning Agency  2222 Cuming Street  Omaha, NE 68102      Prepared By:      August 2015                                            This  study  was  prepared  under  contract  with  the  Metropolitan  Area  Planning  Agency  (MAPA),  with  financial  support  from  the  Office  of  Economic  Adjustment,  Department of Defense.  The content reflects the views of the JLUS partners involved in the development of this study and does not necessarily reflect the views of the  Office of Economic Adjustment.  Policy Committee The Policy Committee (PC) served an active and important role in providing policy direction during the development of the Offutt Air Force Base (AFB) Joint  Land Use Study (JLUS).  The Policy Committee comprised the following individuals:   Scott Belt, Chairman Pottawattamie County Board of Supervisors    Col Charles Kuhl, 55th Mission Support Group Commander Offutt Air Force Base    Jeffrey A. Bender, Senior Military Liaison Of Partnership   (Former)  Greater Omaha Economic Development Partnership   Gayle Malmquist, Director  Back to the River     Mary Ann Borgeson, Chairperson Douglas County Commissioners   Tom Richards,  District 3 Commissioner   Sarpy County Commissioners    Michael Bowman, Mayor City of Plattsmouth   Jim Ristow, President and CEO  Bellevue Chamber of Commerce    Garry Gernandt, District #4 Councilmember Omaha City Council   Rita Sanders, Mayor  City of Bellevue     Ron Kohn, Board Member Mills County Board of Supervisors   Greg Youell, Executive Director  Metropolitan Area Planning Agency      August 2015  Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study Technical Advisory Committee The Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) served a key role in the development of the Offutt AFB JLUS, providing the overall advisory support, review, and  guidance of the study. The TAC comprised the following individuals:     Court Barber, Community Development Intern  Kay Mocha, Planning and Development Director City of La Vista    Pottawattamie County  Doug Cook, Planning and Zoning Coordinator Douglas County     Erv Portis, City Administrator City of Plattsmouth  Lynn Dittmer, Community and Economic Development Manager Metropolitan Area Planning Agency     Dr. Jeff Rippe, Assistant Superintendent Bellevue Public Schools  Winsley Durand, Senior Director of Recruitment Omaha Chamber of Commerce  Matt Roth, Planner Metropolitan Area Planning Agency     Bruce Fountain, Planning and Building Director Sarpy County   Chris Shewchuck, Planning Director  City of Bellevue   April Gray, Base Community Planner  (Former) Offutt Air Force Base  Doug Shapland, Base Community Planner  Offutt Air Force Base   Don Gross, Community Development Director City of Council Bluffs Chad Weaver, Comprehensive Planning Manager City of Omaha    Mike Jensen, Zoning Administrator Cass County Darin Whatcott, Building and Zoning Official Mills County     Brian Kissel, City Administrator City of Glenwood  John Winkler, Manager Papio‐Missouri River Natural Resources District          August 2015  Acknowledgements Metropolitan Area Planning Agency The Metropolitan Area Planning Agency (MAPA) served as the overall JLUS project management agency and the administrator of the Office of Economic  Adjustment grant that helped to fund the study.     Greg Youell Executive Director   Lynn Dittmer  Community and Economic Development Manager  Matt Roth  Planner, JLUS Project Manager   Sue Cutsforth  Communications Coordinator        JLUS Consultant / Technical Advisors Matrix Design Group, Inc. was the project consultant hired to conduct the JLUS project through coordination with and assistance from MAPA, the PC, the TAC,  the public, and other stakeholders.       Rick Rust, AICP Project Manager   Bren Cox, AICP  Lead Planner   Celeste Werner, AICP  Deputy Project Manager   Mike Hrapla   Military Liaison      Geographic information system (GIS) data that was used to create the background of the maps in this study was obtained from the following sources: US Census  Bureau, 2014; National Hydrology Dataset, 2014; Esri, 2014; and National Agriculture Imagery Program, 2014 (for aerial imagery).  August 2015      Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study     Please see the next page.          August 2015  Acronyms.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... v 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 What Is a Joint Land Use Study? ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 2  JLUS Goal ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2  JLUS Objectives ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2  Why Prepare a Joint Land Use Study? ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2  Regional Economic and Local Importance ................................................................................................................................................................................ 3  Military Strategic Importance ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3  Local Communities Working Together ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 3  JLUS Partners............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4  Stakeholders ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4  Policy Committee and Technical Advisory Committee ............................................................................................................................................................. 4  Public Participation ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5  Public Outreach Materials......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5  JLUS Study Area ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6  2. Community Profile ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9 Study Area Growth Trends ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9  JLUS Community Economic Trends ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 11    August 2015    Page i  Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study 3. Offutt AFB Profile ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 13 Installation Setting .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 13  Offutt AFB Mission Operations ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 14  Offutt AFB Mission Footprint .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 15  Offutt AFB Footprint Elements ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 15  4. Existing Compatibility Tools ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 23 Federal Programs and Policies ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 23  Offutt AFB Plans and Programs ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 25  State of Nebraska Plans and Programs ................................................................................................................................................................................... 26  Nebraska and Iowa Local Jurisdiction Planning Tools ............................................................................................................................................................. 26  City of Bellevue ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27  5. Compatibility Assessment ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 29 Identification of Compatibility Issues...................................................................................................................................................................................... 29  Methodology and Evaluation .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 29  Organization of the Issues ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 29  Minor Issues ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 30  Major Issues ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 31  6. Implementation Plan ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 39 Implementation Plan .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 39  Implementation Plan Guidelines ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 40  Military Compatibility Areas ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 40  Safety Military Compatibility Area .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 47  Noise Military Compatibility Area ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 47  BASH Military Compatibility Area ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 47  Imaginary Surfaces Military Compatibility Area ..................................................................................................................................................................... 48  Page ii    August 2015  Table of Contents Land Military Compatibility Area ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 48  How to Read the Implementation Plan................................................................................................................................................................................... 49  Issues / Strategies by Compatibility Factor (Alphabetized by Factor) .................................................................................................................................... 51  Figures Figure 1.  FY 2013 Offutt AFB Economic Impact ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3  Figure 2.  Offutt AFB JLUS Study Area ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7  Figure 3.  Offutt AFB Mission Footprint:  Flight Patterns .......................................................................................................................................................... 16  Figure 4.  Offutt AFB Mission Footprints:  Imaginary Surfaces, Safety, and Noise ................................................................................................................... 18  Figure 5.  Offutt AFB Airspace Control ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 20  Figure 6.  Offutt AFB Mission Footprint:  Part 77 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 21  Figure 7.  Offutt AFB Mission Footprint:  BASH Relevancy Area ............................................................................................................................................... 22  Figure 8.  Offutt AFB Military Compatibility Area Overlay District ............................................................................................................................................ 41  Figure 9.  Offutt AFB Safety Military Compatibility Area .......................................................................................................................................................... 42  Figure 10.  Offutt AFB Noise Military Compatibility Area ........................................................................................................................................................... 43  Figure 11.  Offutt AFB BASH Military Compatibility Area ............................................................................................................................................................ 44  Figure 12.  Offutt AFB Imaginary Surfaces Military Compatibility Area ...................................................................................................................................... 45  Figure 13.  Offutt AFB Land Military Compatibility Area ............................................................................................................................................................. 46  Figure 14.  How to Read JLUS Strategies ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 50  Tables Table 1.  JLUS Study Area Population Trends, 2000‐2010 ....................................................................................................................................................... 10  Table 2.  JLUS Study Area Population Projections from 2020 to 2030 .................................................................................................................................... 11  August 2015 Page iii  Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study Please see the next page.      Page iv    August 2015  A C     AICUZ  AFB  AFI  AG  AGL  AHAS  APZ  AQCR  AT  AT/FP  ATC  AV  AQ  Air Installation Compatible Use Zone Air Force Base  Air Force Instruction  Agriculture  Above Ground Level  Avian Hazard Advisory System Accident Potential Zone Air Quality Control Regions Anti‐Terrorism/Force Protection Anti‐Terrorism/Force Protection Air Traffic Control  Aviation Overlay District Air Quality  CA CFR CNEDC CO COM cont’d CR CSRIC CWA CWECS CZ     Climate Adaptation Code of Federal Regulations Cass County Nebraska Economic Development Council Carbon Monoxide Communication / Coordination continued Cultural Resources Communication Security, Reliability, and  Interoperability Council  Clean Water Act Commercial/Utility Grade Wind Energy Conversion  System  Clear Zone     B D     BAH  BASH  BGH  BGM  BHWG  BIO  BMPs  BNH  BNSF  August 2015  Base Allowance for Housing Bird / Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard Heavy General Business Metropolitan General Business Bird Hazard Warning Group Biological Resources  Best Management Practices Heavy Neighborhood Business Burlington Northern Santa Fe   dB DMV DNL DNR DOD DOE DPAA DSS   decibel Department of Motor Vehicles Day‐Night Level Department of Natural Resources Department of Defense Department of Energy Defense Prisoner of War / Missing in Action  Accounting Agency  Dust/ Smoke/ Steam Page v  Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study E H     EA  ECFs  ED  EIS  EPA  ESA  ETJ  Environmental Assessment Entry Control Facilities   Energy Development  Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Protection Agency Endangered Species Act Extraterritorial Jurisdiction HA HCO HCP HFGCS HI HO HUD     Housing Availability Highway 34 Corridor Overlay  Habitat Conservation Plan High Frequency Global Communications System Heavy Industrial Height and Obstruction Housing and Urban Development     F I     FAA  FCC  FEMA  FESA  FGZ  FLPMA  FONSI  FSC  FSI  FX  FY  Federal Aviation Administration Federal Communications Commission Federal Emergency Management Agency Federal Endangered Species Act Federal Government Zone Federal Land Management and Policy Act Finding of No Significant Impact Frequency Spectrum Capacity Frequency Spectrum Impedance/ Interference Flex Space  Fiscal Year  I ICEMAP ICRMP IE ILS INRMP IS Interstate Installation Complex Encroachment Management  Action Plan  Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan Infrastructure Extensions Instrument Landing System Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan Intelligence Squadron     J       JLUS G   GC  GI  GIS  GO  GOEDP  Joint Land Use Study     General Commercial  General Industrial  Geographic Information Systems General Office  Greater Omaha Economic Development Partnership     Page vi      August 2015  Acronyms L NGOs NHPA NISC NLR NO2 NOAA NOI NPDES NTIA   LAS  LC  LEG  LG  LH  LLC  LOS  LRAD  LU  Land/ Air/ Sea Space Competition Limited Commercial  Legislative Initiatives  Light and Glare  Loess Hills Conservation Development Limited Liability Company Level of Service  Long Range Acoustic Device Land Use  NVG NZ         M O   MAPA  MAR  MCA  MCAOD  MOU  MSA    Metropolitan Area Planning Agency Marine Environments  Military Compatibility Area Military Compatibility Area Overlay District Memorandum of Understanding Metropolitan Statistical Area O3 OAC OAFCO OEA OS OSM     P   August 2015  Ozone Offutt Advisory Council Offutt AFB America First Communities, LLC Office of Economic Adjustment Open Space Conservation Office of Spectrum Management     N NAAQS  NACo  NBD  NDEQ  NDNR  NDOR  NEANGE  NEPA  NFIP  NFS  Nongovernmental Organizations National Historic Preservation Act Nebraska Invasive Species Council Noise Level Reduction Nitrogen Dioxide National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Noise National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System National Telecommunications and Information  Administration  Night Vision Goggles Noise Zones    National Ambient Air Quality Standard National Association of Counties Neighborhood Business District Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality Nebraska Department of Natural Resources Nebraska Department of Roads Nebraska Air National Guard National Environmental Policy Act National Flood Insurance Program Nebraska Forest Service    PC PM PM10 PM2.5 P‐MR NRD  PO ppb PT PUD PV   Policy Committee Particulate Matter Course Particle Fine Particles Papio‐Missouri River Natural Resources District Parking Overlay parts per billion Public Trespassing Planned Unit Development Photovoltaic System Page vii  Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study R U     R  RC  RCS  RE  REPI  RF  RG  RS  Residential  Roadway Capacity  Recovery Credit System  Residential Estates  Readiness and Environmental Protection Integration Radio Frequency  General Residence   Single‐Family Residence  UAVs UFC UP URS US USACE USAHAS USFWS USSTRATCOM          S V   SA  SAC  SCW‐1  SDWA  SFS  SGHAT  SHPO  SNR  SO2  SREDC  STRATCOM      Safety  Strategic Air Command  Strategic Communications Wing One Safe Drinking Water Act  Security Forces Squadron Solar Glare Hazard Analysis  Tool State Historic Preservation Office Scare Natural Resources  Sulfur Dioxide  Sarpy County Economic Development Corporation Strategic Command     V V VFR VO W   WECS WQQ   Technical Advisory Committee Tax Increment Financing        Wind Energy Conservation System Water Quality/ Quantity               T Page viii  Vibration Village Visual Flight Rules Vertical Obstructions       TAC  TIF  Unmanned Aerial Vehicles United Facilities Criteria Union Pacific URS Group, Inc. United States/ United States Route United States Army Corps of Engineers United States Avian Hazard Advisory System United States Fish and Wildlife Service United States Strategic Command   August 2015  The Offutt Air Force Base (AFB) Joint Land Use Study (JLUS) is a  collaborative planning effort between the communities in Nebraska and  Iowa around Offutt AFB.  In Nebraska, these communities are: the cities of  Bellevue, La Vista, Omaha, Papillion, and Plattsmouth, as well Cass  County, Douglas County, and Sarpy County.  In Iowa, these are the cities  of Council Bluffs and Glenwood, as well as Mills County and  Pottawattamie County. An organized communication effort between  these jurisdictions, Offutt AFB, and other stakeholder entities that own or  manage land or resources in the region is needed to ensure that future  growth around Offutt AFB is coordinated and compatible with military  training activities.  The Offutt AFB JLUS advocates a proactive approach to encourage  increased communication about decisions relating to land use regulation,  conservation, and natural resource management issues affecting both the  community and the military. This study seeks to avoid conflicts previously  experienced between the United States (US) military and local  communities in other areas of the US and throughout the world by  engaging the military and local decision‐makers in a collaborative  planning process. The intent of the process is to establish and encourage a  working relationship among military installations and their proximate  communities to act as a team to prevent and/or reduce encroachment  issues associated with current and future missions and local growth.   August 2015 The term encroachment refers to conflicting uses of land, air, water, and  other resources that may individually or cumulatively impact the  military’s ability to carry out its training missions. The compatibility  factors considered in this JLUS are described in the Compatibility  Assessment (Chapter 5 of the JLUS Report or Background Report). A set of  strategies to address compatibility concerns was developed upon review  of these factors and identification of issues with the communities, Offutt  AFB, JLUS committees, and the public.  The recommended strategies are  based on a toolbox of methods used to address compatibility issues and  address the use of policy, planning and zoning, coordination and  communication, and outreach methods. One of the key recommendations  is the formation of a JLUS Coordination Committee responsible for  overseeing the implementation progress in the months and years after the  JLUS is completed. The recommended strategies are outlined in more  detail in Chapter 6, Implementation Plan.          Page 1 Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study What Is a Joint Land Use Study? A JLUS is a planning process accomplished through the collaborative efforts  of a comprehensive list of stakeholders in a defined study area.  It is a  process designed to identify and determine ways to enhance compatible  land uses and growth management practices in communities close to active  military installations, such as Offutt AFB.  The intent of the process is to  establish and foster a working relationship among a military installation and  its proximate local jurisdictions to act as a team to address compatibility  issues and prevent and / or reduce encroachment issues associated with  achieving existing mission objectives, allowing for mission expansion (not  boundary expansion) and fostering community economic development  goals.  Although primarily federally funded by the Department of Defense  (DOD), Office of Economic Adjustment (OEA), a JLUS is produced by and for  local communities. The local project management organization and sponsor  for this JLUS is the Metropolitan Area Planning Agency (MAPA).  JLUS Goal The goal of the Offutt AFB JLUS is to protect the viability of current and  future training operations, while simultaneously guiding community growth,  sustaining the environmental and economic health of the region, and  protecting public health, safety, and welfare.  JLUS Objectives To help meet this goal, three primary JLUS objectives were identified.   Page 2 Understanding.  Convene community and military representatives to  identify, confirm, and understand the compatibility issues in an open  forum, taking into consideration both community and Offutt AFB  perspectives and needs.  This includes public awareness, education,  and input as part of a cohesive outreach program.   Collaboration.  Encourage cooperative land use and resource planning  by Offutt AFB and surrounding communities so that future community  growth and development are compatible with the training and  operational missions at Offutt AFB, while at the same time seeking  ways to reduce operational impacts on adjacent lands.   Actions.  Provide a set of mutually supported tools, activities, and  procedures (strategies) that local jurisdictions, agencies, and Offutt  AFB can implement thin order to avoid and reduce compatibility  issues. The strategies proposed include both operational measures to  mitigate installation impacts on surrounding communities, and local  government and agency approaches to reduce community impacts on  military operations. These strategies will help decision makers resolve  compatibility issues and prioritize projects within the annual  budgeting process of their respective entity/jurisdiction.  Why Prepare a Joint Land Use Study? Collaboration and joint planning among military installations, local  communities, and agencies should occur to  The Offutt AFB JLUS  protect the long‐term viability of existing and  is a proactive  future military missions. Working together also  approach to  enhances the health of economies and  encourage increased  industries of the communities before  communication and  incompatibility becomes an issue.  Recognizing  foster relationships  the close relationship that should exist between  among all JLUS  installations and adjacent communities, the OEA  stakeholders and  implemented the JLUS program in an effort to  partners.  mitigate existing and future conflicts and  enhance communication and coordination  among all affected stakeholders.  This program aims to preserve the  sustainability of local communities within the JLUS Study Area while  protecting current and future operations and training missions at Offutt AFB.   August 2015 Introduction 1. Regional Economic and Local Importance Military Strategic Importance Offutt AFB is located in east‐central Nebraska, 10 miles south of downtown  Omaha.  It is adjacent to the City of Bellevue in Sarpy County and is just west  of the border of Iowa.  Offutt AFB is an important economic engine in this  region, which supported approximately 20,000 people in fiscal year (FY)  2013, including 5,637 military personnel, 4,699 civilians, and the remaining  were military dependents.  Additionally, 23,741 military retirees reside  within 150 miles of Offutt AFB. In FY 2013, Offutt AFB’s economic benefit to  local communities was greater than $1.3 billion.  Figure 1 illustrates the total  impact separated into typical economic impact categories.    Aside from being a significant economic generator for the region, Offutt AFB  is a strategic asset in the nation’s defense.  The host unit at Offutt AFB is the  55th Wing, which is the largest wing within the Air Force’s Air Combat  Command. Additionally, the base is home to many important associate units,  including U.S. Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) Headquarters, which is  one of the DOD’s nine unified commands. It is also home to the 557th  Weather Wing, the Defense Prisoner of War / Missing in Action Accounting  Agency, and many more tenants.   The 55th Wing provides protection  through intelligence, reconnaissance, surveillance and other command and  control protocols, along with combat ready warfighters in time of crisis.    Another important factor of Offutt AFB is its strategic location within the  center of the country.   The installation’s central location gives the base an  advantage by being within a far enough distance from each coast, protecting  the site from outside threats.  In a time of national crisis Offutt AFB is  utilized for presidential protection.    Local Communities Working Together Offutt AFB contributes much more than just an economic engine. The base  interacts with the community through actions both related and independent  to the military.  Offutt AFB hosts a variety of community events throughout  the year, including base tours, holiday breakfasts/lunches, awards  ceremonies, memorial ceremonies, etc.  Figure 1.  FY 2013 Offutt AFB Economic Impact  Source: Offutt Air Force Base Economic Impact Analysis, 2013  August 2015 Offutt AFB engages in many public outreach efforts to make itself a greater  part of the local and regional community, including an annual Community  Assessment Survey in order to contribute to the quality of life and well‐being  of individuals affected by the base, an adopt‐a‐highway program,  environmental improvement programs, the annual Veteran’s Day parade,  the Offutt AFB Defenders Freedom Open House and Air Show, the annual  Runway Run, and the Offutt AFB Honor Guard.  Page 3 Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study JLUS Partners As highlighted in the objectives stated previously, the JLUS process was  designed to create a locally relevant study that builds consensus and obtains  support from the stakeholders involved.  To achieve the JLUS goal and  objectives, the JLUS process included a stakeholder and public outreach  program that provided a variety of opportunities for interested parties to  contribute to its development.  Stakeholders An early step in any planning process is the identification of stakeholders.   Informing or involving them early in the project is instrumental in the  identification of their most important compatibility issues to address and  resolve through the development of integrated strategies and measures.  Stakeholders include individuals, groups, organizations, and governmental  entities interested in, affected by, or affecting the outcome of the JLUS  project.  Stakeholders identified for the Offutt AFB JLUS included, but were  not limited to:  Local jurisdictions (cities and counties)  DOD officials (including OEA representatives) and Offutt AFB  personnel  Local, regional, and state planning, regulatory, and land management  agencies, including MAPA  Landholding and regulatory federal agencies   The public (including residents and landowners)   Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)  These groups of stakeholders played a critical role in the development of the  Offutt AFB JLUS and Background Reports. Their input provided  comprehensive, technical guidance relevant to their jurisdiction’s policies,  regulations, culture, and values. The JLUS stakeholder groups helped shape  the numerous strategies identified in Chapter 6 of this document.  Policy Committee and Technical Advisory Committee The development of the Offutt AFB JLUS was guided by two committees,  comprising staff from cities, counties, Offutt AFB, federal and state agencies,  resource agencies, local governments, and other stakeholders. The two  committees are the Policy Committee (PC) and the Technical Advisory  Committee (TAC).    JLUS Policy Committee.  The PC consists of elected officials and decision  makers from participating jurisdictions, military installation leadership, and  representatives from other interested and affected agencies. The PC was  responsible for guiding the direction of the JLUS, preparing and approving  the study design, approving policy recommendations, and approving the  draft and final JLUS documents.  JLUS Technical Advisory Committee.  The TAC was responsible for  identifying and studying technical issues. Membership includes  representatives from local jurisdictions, agencies, and Offutt AFB with  technical expertise in one or more of the compatibility factors listed in  Chapter 5, Compatibility Assessment. The TAC identified and addressed  technical issues, provided feedback on report development, and assisted in  the development and evaluation of implementation strategies and tools.  Other special interest groups (including local educational institutions  and school districts)  Page 4 August 2015 Introduction Policy Committee Meeting Number 3, January 8, 2015  Public Workshop Number 1, January 7, 2015  Public Participation Public Outreach Materials In addition to the PC and TAC meetings, a series of public workshops were  held throughout the development of the JLUS.  These workshops provided  an opportunity for the exchange of information with the greater community,  assisted in identifying the issues to be addressed in the JLUS, and provided  input on the proposed strategies. Each workshop included a traditional  presentation and a facilitated exercise providing a “hands on,” interactive  opportunity for the public to participate in the development of the plan.  August 2015 1. JLUS Overview Fact Sheet.  At the beginning  of the JLUS project, a JLUS Overview Fact Sheet  was developed that describes the JLUS program,  objectives, methods for the public to provide  input into the process, an overview of the  25 compatibility factors that were analyzed  throughout the project, and the proposed Offutt  AFB JLUS Study Area.  This Fact Sheet was made  available at the workshops and posted on the  project website for download. Page 5 Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study Strategy Tools Brochure.  The Strategy Tools  JLUS Study Area Brochure was prepared for the second public  workshop.  JLUS strategies constitute a variety  of actions that local governments, military  installations, agencies, and other stakeholders  can take to promote compatible land use  planning. This brochure provides an overview of  the strategy types that could be applied to  address compatibility issues around Offutt AFB.  The Offutt AFB JLUS Study Area is designed to address all lands near  Offutt AFB that may impact current or future military operations or be  impacted by operations.  Located within Sarpy County, the surrounding  communities’ land uses include a variety of residential, commercial,  industrial and agricultural uses.   The primary characteristics evaluated in  determining the Study Area was general compatibility factors associated  with military mission readiness and land uses that may impact or be  impacted by military operations.  Figure 2 illustrates the extent of the Study  Area.  Website.  A project website was developed and maintained to provide  stakeholders, the public, and media representatives with access to project  information.  This website was maintained for the entire duration of the  project to ensure information was easily accessible.  Information on the  website included program points of contact, schedules, documents, maps,  public meeting information, and a link to submit comments.  The project  website is located at www.offuttjlus.com.  Page 6 August 2015 1. Introduction Springfield Cedar Creek ek Mamie Cre ree k Ind Bellevue £ ¤ 75 Little Silve rC reek ee k ke 275 Folsom Lake Pony Creek Lake £ ¤ Sna Federal Highway Silver Cr ee k 29 § ¦ ¨ Base Lake Qu Interstate State Highway Silver City Railroad o Eppley Airfield Plattsmouth ee Cr e ugh Slo 29 § ¦ ¨ Cr Iowa 385 £ ¤ 275 Mu le C re e k yC k ree ee k d Eightmi l Plattsmouth Municipal Airport Mu Nolte Farms Airport Nebraska Keg Creek Lake 34 £ ¤ ¬ « l le Sprin g Va k eek Cr Cass County ur mil e Fo ¬ « Pacific Junction Cr ee k Cr k Mills County Glenwood 34 £ ¤ 66 ek dar Cr e Ce e ek Other City River / Creek / Stream ¬ « Beaver Lake August 2015 City included in JLUS Water Body 370 Glendale 13H Mill C r Bellevue e River Platt ee ¬ « Louisville i Offutt AFB e Cre ¬ « County Boundary Pottawattamie County Wau bo ns ie le Tu rt reek dC Sarpy County State Boundary Cr 370 Offutt Air Force Base 92 Cre ek ¬ « k B uf 50 fal o Cr ee k Creek Legend ¬ « Ke g Papillio n Offutt AFB JLUS Study Area 6 ¬ « ri R g E lk Creek Papillion Walnut Creek Lake iel Spri n gf 80 § ¦ ¨ Ruckl Airport Miss ou Honey We Lake Manawa Ralston B s tm 370 Cre ek ¬ « ont Council Bluffs La Vista eek 192 ree k Council Bluffs Municipal Airport 80 § ¦ ¨ ¬ « Figure 2 r iv e Wehrspann Lake § ¦ ¨ § ¦ ¨ Millar Airport eek 29 § ¦ ¨ 480 80 275 6 £ ¤ Ditch a il C reek n Cr Douglas County £ ¤ S chram Cr p illio eek 64 ¬ « e ttl Li ito C qu os M Creek Pony n illio Pap h Pa Cr k So ut Cr ee k § ¦ ¨ Omaha 6 £ ¤ o Carter Lake C k Big llio n t Zorinsky Pap i Lake ee Cr Hell W es 680 L28K ian Cr ee 133 Eppley Airfield M o squito ¬ « ¬ « 64 ¬ « Boys Town Carter Lake Indian Creek Standing Bear Reservoir 31 ¬ « Source: Offutt AFB, 2014. 0 2 4 Miles Page 7 Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study Please see the next page. Page 8 August 2015 The study area for the Offutt AFB JLUS is centered around Offutt AFB and  includes several communities around Offutt AFB, both in Nebraska and  Iowa.  In Nebraska, these communities are: the cities of Bellevue, La Vista,  Omaha, Papillion, and Plattsmouth, as well Cass County, Douglas County,  and Sarpy County.  In Iowa, these are the cities of Council Bluffs and  Glenwood, as well as Mills County and Pottawattamie County.  An  overview of the JLUS study area communities is discussed to provide a  look at the civilian side and the partners who participated in the JLUS.  Study Area Growth Trends The following section provides a profile of the Study Area’s population  growth, housing trends, and median home values.  This information assists  in setting the regional context and growth potential for the JLUS Study Area.  Population Population data is based on the 2010 data provided by the U.S. Census.   Population numbers show the growth or decline in people in a geographical  area.  Population is a major factor for the economy of the Study Area and  ultimately supports the employment and housing opportunities.  The  following information provides a comparison of the changes in population in  the Offutt AFB JLUS Study Area from 2000 to 2010.  The population figures represent the permanent population in the Study  Area, but do not consider the temporary population surges associated with  the tourism industry and migration from seasonal employment or transient  workers in the Omaha metropolitan region.  Table 1 shows the 2000 and  2010 census totals and percent change in populations of jurisdictions within  the JLUS Study Area.      August 2015   Page 9 Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study Table 1.   JLUS Study Area Population Trends, 2000‐2010  Number  Jurisdiction  2000  2010  Change  Nebraska  Percent   Change  1,711,263  1,826,341  115,078  6.7%  24,334  25,241  907  3.7%  6,887  6,502  ‐385  ‐5.6%  Douglas County  463,585  517,110  53,525    11.6%  City of Omaha  390,007  408,958  18,951    4.9%  Sarpy County  122,595  158,850  36,255  29.6%  City of Bellevue  44,382  50,137  5,755  13.0%  City of La Vista  11,699  15,758  4,059  34.7%  City of Papillion  16,363  18,894  2,531  15.5%  2,925,324  3,046,355  121,031  4.1%  14,547  15,059  512  3.5%  5,358  5,269  ‐89  ‐1.7%  Pottawattamie County  87,704  93,158  5,454  6.2%  City of Council Bluffs  58,268  62,230  3,962  6.8%  Cass County  City of Plattsmouth  Iowa  Mills County  City of Glenwood  Sources:  2000 and 2010 U.S. Census Bureau data  Almost all jurisdictions within the JLUS Study Area saw an increase in their  population levels due to the changes in once heavily agricultural land into  extensions of the Omaha metropolitan region. The region’s high quality of  life, low cost of living, pro‐business environment and provision of public  services has helped to drive this population increase.  Page 10 Sarpy and Douglas counties saw the largest growth between 2000 and 2010,  increasing by 29.6 percent and 11.6 percent, respectively.  The completion  of Highway 75 was a major contributor to this increase along with other  access improvements to the counties.  As indicated by the population figures  in Table 1, only two communities in the Study Area saw a decline in  population between the years of 2000 to 2010 – the City of Plattsmouth in  Nebraska, and the City of Glenwood in Iowa. These experiences are usually  due to out‐migration, which occurs when populations move out of an area  because of either a lack of available housing or job opportunities.  Within  the State of Iowa, Pottawattamie County saw the largest increase with a  population change of 6.2 percent from 2000 to 2010.  The City of Council  Bluffs followed with an increase of 6.8 percent.  Both jurisdictions growth  rates are higher than that of the state, indicating that development  pressures will continue to be seen in these areas.   Future Population Projections Population projections for Nebraska and Iowa, including some of the JLUS  Study Area jurisdictions are prepared by the US Census, information is not  available for certain jurisdictions.  Table 2 shows the population projections  for the JLUS communities. Douglas County had the highest population in  2010, with 517,110 people, and is projected to increase by 18.5 percent by  the year 2030.   As Douglas County continues to increase, residents are  moving outward into Sarpy County.  As the two counties continue to show  strong population growth, bordering jurisdictions such as Cass County will  experience a similar increase in populations.    Pottawattamie County, Iowa, is expected to have an increase in population  of nearly six percent between 2020 to 2030, which is nearly the same  percentage increase experienced from 2000 to 2010.   Mills County  population increase from the year 2020 to 2030 is almost double that as  seen from 2000 to 2010.    August 2015 Community Profile These projected populations are not expected to be exact; however, they  are estimated to help cities and counties to develop land use priorities to  reduce impacts of future growth challenges.  Table 2.   JLUS Study Area Population Projections from 2020 to 2030  Number  Percent   Jurisdiction  2020  2030  Change  Change  Nebraska  1,949,114  2,054,752  105,638  5.4%  Cass County  32,600  38,381  5,781  17.3%  City of  Plattsmouth  N/A  N/A  N/A  Douglas County  562,813  613,149  50,336  8.9%  City of Omaha  459,938  485,279  25,341  5.5%  Sarpy County  191,540  224,709  33,169  17.3%  City of Bellevue  N/A  N/A  N/A  N/A  City of La Vista  N/A  N/A  N/A  N/A  City of Papillion  N/A  N/A  N/A  N/A  3,020,496  2,955,172  ‐65,324  ‐2.2%  18,100  19,879  1,779  9.8%  N/A  N/A  N/A  97,943  103,872  5,929  N/A  N/A  N/A  Iowa  Mills County  City of Glenwood  Pottawattamie  County  City of Council  Bluffs  N/A  N/A  6.1%  N/A  Source: US Census Bureau; University of Nebraska‐Lincoln Bureau of Business Research;  and Iowa State Data Center August 2015 2. JLUS Community Economic Trends The primary economic activity throughout the Study Area is centered on the  agriculture industry dating back to the early colonial period. Efforts to  diversify Omaha’s and Bellevue’s economy with new sectors have brought  substantial growth to the region and the counties of Douglas and Sarpy in  the insurance, healthcare, and retail trade industries.  These now represent  the largest industries in the county, in addition to hospitality and food  services.    Nebraska Nebraska is a leading producer for numerous industries such as agricultural,  manufacturing, mining, and private services which include law, healthcare,  data processing, and financial companies.  Known for their livestock, corn,  soybeans, and wheat, the state is ranked fourth for its agricultural output.   Manufacturing of chemicals puts Nebraska second on the list and one of the  world’s main food processing states.   Private services such as health care,  data processing, and law have also become a major contributor to the  state’s economy, with wholesale trade and finance coming in second, and  government services and transportation third.    Source: http://www.netstate.com/economy/ne_economy.htm  Iowa Over the years Iowa’s economic structure has become more diverse,  developing strong employment in agricultural production and manufacturing  services.  Top employment sectors include health care, business, financial,  and consumer services.  Iowa’s housing trends are anticipated to increase  through the population’s growth.  Due to the different levels of urbanization  within the jurisdictions of Mills County, Pottawattamie County, and the  Cities of Glenwood and Council Bluffs, the annual job growth rate is at an  average of 1.2 percent.  In 2000, 10 percent of Iowa county residents were  commuting as far as Omaha for work; this average has decreased, reflecting  stronger job growth within the area.   Page 11 Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study In the year 2007, Iowa ranked in the top three as a producer of corn,  soybeans, hog, and other annual productions.  Earning 4.8 percent from just  farm production makes the state dependent on these earnings eight times  more than the national average.  Since 2008, Iowa has experienced a decline  in the number of farmers.  This decline is steady but slow, representing an  out‐migration of farmers.    Source: State of Iowa Consolidated Plan for Housing and Community Development, 2010;  Workforce and Economic Development Regional Status Report, May 2012.    Page 12 August 2015 Offutt AFB is located in eastern Sarpy County, Nebraska, 10 miles south of  the City of Omaha and adjacent to the City of Bellevue. Four miles north of  the base lies Interstate 80 (I‐80), it connects to US Highway 75 which  borders the installation on the west and I‐29 on the east.  The US Highway  75 and I‐29 then connect to US Highway 34 which lies directly south of  Offutt AFB. Offutt AFB is considered to be a part of the Omaha‐Council  Bluffs metropolitan area.  The installation comprises 4,041 acres; it also  operates Capehart Housing Area and transmitter and receiver sites that  are located in various communities across Nebraska.   Identifying and describing the various activities performed on the  operating facilities and in the surrounding airspace provides valuable  insight into the importance of Offutt AFB as a national strategic asset and  as a part of the fabric of the surrounding communitites including the  Omaha Metropolitan Area.  The purpose of providing this information is  to enable stakeholders to make informed decisions about future  development and economic growth within communities and institutions  near Offutt AFB that could potentially impact the viability and future role  of the base.  August 2015 Installation Setting Offutt AFB is broken up into multiple districts including the North, Airfield,  Central, Southeast, and Historic.  The North District includes the Kenney and  Bellevue gates, the Martin Bomber building, the Airman Leadership School,  the Child Development Center, the Navy Operational Support Center, and  the 557th Weather Wing Headquarters.  The Airfield District includes the  runway, measuring 11,700 feet long, and its associated facilities.  The  Central District includes the USSTRATCOM Gate, the current USSTRATCOM  facility, the location of the future new USSTRATCOM facility, the Exchange  and Commissary buildings, the Fire Training area, and other facilities.  The  Southeast District includes recreational and fitness areas and supporting  facilities for base operations.   The Historic District is a memorable landmark,  containing the original army living quarters, barracks, and parade grounds.   Base Lake, another recreational area, is on the east side of the base, on the  other side of Harlan Lewis Road.  Offutt AFB has several buildings that were built in the 1950’s through the  70’s including dormitories for on‐base military housing, Main Exchange,  Commissary, and library. Some of the original buildings from Fort Crook are  still located on the site.  Other facilities that exist on the installation include  restaurants, gas stations, and a fitness center.  Available family housing and  schools are located west of US Highway 75, one mile from the base, known  as the Rising View Community. This area provides other community services  such as a medical clinic, two chapels, 18‐hole golf course, youth and child  development center, movie theater, and two elementary schools.   Page 13 Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study Future Opportunities New opportunities for Offutt AFB include reuse and development  considerations.  A new USSTRATCOM headquarters building is currently  being built.  Once it is complete and operational, and personnel move in,  this will allow other buildings to be considered for reuse or demolition.   Many of the existing facilities on the installation’s grounds have been  determined for reuse to help reduce the amount of demolition and  reconstruction.  Repurposing the facilities will allow for the buildings to  outlive their service life span.  The Offutt Field House, existing  USSTRATCOM, and historic barrack facilities all have options for reuse too.   The existing Martin Bomber Building, Fairchild Hall, and other buildings on  base have been considered for demolition due to their age and lack of  functionality.     Source: Final Integrated Natural Resource Management Plan, March 2010,  Offutt AFB Installation Development and Design, 2011.  Offutt AFB Mission Operations Current Mission Operations The mission of the 55th Wing states “To provide dominant intelligence,  surveillance, reconnaissance, electronic attack, command and control, and  precision awareness to national leadership and warfighters across the  spectrum of conflict any time, any place”. Other missions of the 55th Wing  include providing support to other base units, combat ready personnel, and  training operations for pilots, navigators, and warfare officers.   Offutt AFB provides information for the President and Secretary of Defense  on enemy intentions, locations, capabilities and predicted operations.  The  installation also provides patient‐centered care, world class mission support,  and communication support during operations.    of national crisis.   Current flight operations at Offutt AFB include straight  out departures and in approach, overhead landing patterns, radar closed  patterns, closed patterns, and re‐entry visual flight rule patterns.   Future Mission Operations Currently, there are no new future missions planned for Offutt AFB.  However, Offutt AFB is capable of receiving certain types of future missions  should that decision be made by the Department of Defense or the Air  Force.    The Offutt AFB Installation Development and Design plan identifies a goal to  retain options for attracting new missions to Offutt AFB when siting new  facilities, including utilizing re‐use and infill.  A new USSTRATCOM  headquarters building is currently under construction at Offutt AFB.  Once  the new USSTRATCOM headquarters building is complete, several buildings  will be re‐used for other tenants which will allow for some relocation of  personnel around the base.  The future improvements for Offutt AFB involve enhanced advances in  strategic combat capabilities for tomorrow’s crises.  There are several  improvements and new development projects on Offutt AFB’s long range  construction plan including tearing down the main bomber plant, new road  and gate access, and a new USSTRATCOM headquarters, which is currently  under construction and estimated for completion in 2016, with a move‐in‐ ready date of 2018.   These improvements have an anticipated cost of  several billion dollars, representing a large investment in the continued  operation and available opportunities at the installation.    With the multiple missions that Offutt AFB provides, the main supporting  action is the installation’s ability to provide a safe command and control  platform for the President and DOD to carry out their missions during a time  Page 14 August 2015 Offutt AFB Profile Offutt AFB Mission Footprint Mission activities conducted on and around  Offutt AFB can generate potential impacts on  surrounding community areas if incompatible  land uses develop.  Examples of potential  mission impacts on surrounding communities  include noise and vibration from overhead  flights and the risk of an aircraft accident.   Conversely, the military mission is susceptible to  hazards and other incompatibilities created by  certain types of civilian development or  activities, such as obstructions to air space or  location of noise sensitive uses in high noise zones.  Understanding the  overlapping spatial patterns of these compatibility zones, or “mission  footprint” is essential for promoting compatible and informed land use  decisions.  Understanding the  spatial patterns of  the military  operational areas is  essential for  promoting  complimentary land  use development  decisions outside the  fenceline.  3. Airfield Approach and Departure Flight Tracks (Figure 3) According to the Offutt AFB Air Installation Compatible Use Zone (AICUZ)  Report, flight tracks are developed to provide guidance on the range of  standard operations that may occur at the airfield.  These are created using  information gathered from air traffic controllers, pilots, and other sources.   When flight tracks are developed they attempt to avoid urban development  as much as possible to reduce impacts and risk to the general public and  commercial or general aviation activities, but safety of operations is  paramount in the design of these patterns.  Figure 3 illustrates the primary  flight tracks used by Offutt AFB aircraft.  Other flight tracks may also be used  depending on aspects such as weather or mission.  Source: Air Installation Compatible Use Zone Report, Offutt Air Force Base,  November 2007  There are several elements that make up the mission footprint that extends  outside the Offutt AFB boundaries.  These essential elements play a key role  in the installation’s viability for sustaining current and future mission  operations.  These elements are listed below and described in more detail  on the following pages.  Offutt AFB Footprint Elements Airfield Approach and Departure Flight Tracks  Imaginary Surfaces  Airfield Accident Potential Zones  Aircraft Noise Contours  Airspace Control  Part 77 Vertical Obstruction Compliance  Bird / Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Relevancy Area  August 2015 WC‐135W aircraft performing touch and go operations at Offutt AFB  Page 15 Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study ek ree k Mamie Cre Little Silve rC reek Legend Primary Fixed-Wing Flight Track Departure Ind k 92 ¬ « Arrival Closed Pattern Pottawattamie County reek dC Qu Bellevue e Cre 75 k ee 29 § ¦ ¨ Mu Cr Iowa ee k Interstate Federal Highway Railroad Eppley Airfield 34 £ ¤ ¬ « 385 £ ¤ Cr ee k 275 Mu le C re e k yC k ree ee k d Eightmi l e Cr ugh Slo River / Creek / Stream State Highway l le Sprin g Va Nebraska Keg Creek Lake Water Body o Wau bo ns ie Cr Glendale Plattsmouth eek Cr ek dar Cr e Ce Cass County ur mil e Fo 66 ¬ « Pacific Junction Other City Mills County Glenwood 34 £ ¤ City included in JLUS Silver City k ee 275 Folsom Lake Pony Creek Lake £ ¤ e River Platt £ ¤ ke Silver Cr ee k 29 § ¦ ¨ Base Lake Sna County Boundary Cr ¬ « 370 Cre ek 370 Bellevue Ke g ¬ « Airfield Surface / Runway Creek Pony iel Spri n gf le Tu rt e ek 6 ¬ « State Boundary i Beaver Lake Page 16 Offutt AFB Mission Footprint: Flight Patterns Offutt Air Force Base Offutt AFB 13H Mill C r Creek g E lk Creek Papillio n B Papillion Sarpy County ¬ « Louisville ree k M i ssouri River La Vista Walnut Creek Lake Cedar Creek ito C qu os M 80 192 Lake Manawa Figure 3 § ¦ ¨ ¬ « Council Bluffs Ralston k ¬ « § ¦ ¨ § ¦ ¨ Springfield B uf 50 fal o Cr ee k £ ¤ Honey We 29 § ¦ ¨ a il C reek s tm 370 ont eek S chram Cr ¬ « eek Cre ek Wehrspann Lake 80 § ¦ ¨ n illio Pap n Cr k ee Cr p illio 6 Ditch 480 C e ttl Li 64 80 £ ¤ o ¬ « Douglas County on £ ¤ h Pa eek k 6 6 275 st Pa pi lli We So ut § ¦ ¨ Omaha £ ¤ Cr Carter Lake ian Cr ee Big ee Cr Hell Zorinsky Lake 680 L28K Eppley Airfield M o squito 64 ¬ « Boys Town Carter Lake ¬ « ¬ « 133 Indian Creek Standing Bear Reservoir 31 ¬ « Source: Offutt AFB, 2015. 0 2 4 Miles August 2015 Offutt AFB Profile Imaginary Surfaces (Figure 4) Federal Aviation Regulations, Part 77 specify a series of imaginary height  restriction surfaces surrounding an airport.  The imaginary surfaces of an  active runway are used to define the required airspace that must remain  free of vertical obstructions in the vicinity of aviation operations to ensure  safe flight operations.  Structures should not exceed these heights to protect  the navigable airspace associated with the airfield, the safety of pilots and  people, and the land uses on the ground.  This is especially important in the  clear zone and the approach‐departure surfaces.  Figure 4 illustrates the  imaginary surfaces at Offutt AFB.  For a complete technical explanation of  the imaginary and transitional surfaces for Offutt AFB, see Chapter 5,  Compatibility Assessment (Section 5.23 Vertical Obstructions) of the  Background Report.  Airfield Accident Potential Zones (Figure 4) In addition to the assessment of imaginary surfaces, the second element of  the airfield safety analysis is the assessment of Accident Potential Zones  (APZs).  For a complete technical explanation of the APZs for Offutt AFB, see  Chapter 5, Compatibility Assessment (Section 5.21 Safety) of the Background  Report.  There are three safety zones that extend from the ends of runways: Clear  Zone (CZ) and APZ I and APZ II.  These are illustrated on Figure 4.  The CZ  begins at each end of the runway.  At Offutt AFB, the Runway 12 CZ  measures 3,000 feet wide by 3,800 feet long and the Runway 30 CZ  measures 3,000 feet wide by 3,997 feet long.  This is the area that has the  highest potential of an aircraft incident.  It is recommended that no  development occur in the CZ unless it is a use that is needed for safe  operations of aircraft.    The APZ I is an area beginning at the end of each CZ at a width of 3,000 feet  and a length of 5,000 feet.  The APZ II is an area that begins at the end of  each APZ I and is 3,000 feet wide by 7,000 feet long.  These areas have lower  August 2015 3. potential for accidents and therefore have less restrictive development  restrictions recommended.    Source: Air Installation Compatible Use Zone Report, Offutt Air Force Base,  November 2007  Airfield Noise Contours (Figure 4) Aircraft noise can come from flight operations (overflight, take‐offs,  landings, touch‐and‐go operations) and engine maintenance run‐ups.  The  Air Force considers how its operations impact the local community by  calculating an average‐weighted noise level measured as a day‐night  average A‐weighted sound level (DNL).  The Offutt AFB AICUZ uses the DOD  NOISEMAP program to produce noise contours indicating noise exposure  levels from aircraft operations; this is an average of all types of aircraft at  Offutt AFB.  The contour lines developed in the model range from 60 decibel (dB) DNL to  80 dB DNL and increase in increments of five dB.  The 80 dB DNL is the  “loudest” contour line computed and the 60 dB DNL is the “quietest”.  The  DNL measure has been determined to be a reliable measure of community  sensitivity to aircraft noise and has become a standard metric used to map  aircraft noise impacts.  Noise contours are typically generated during the AICUZ Report process.   Offutt AFB’s AICUZ was updated in 2007 to reflect a change in aircraft  equipment and mission operations.  This revised AICUZ included changes to  the noise contours.  The previous noise contours were from 1992 and were  larger than the new ones developed with the 2007 AICUZ.  However, in  order to maintain mission noise protection and civilian development, both  the City of Bellevue and Offutt AFB use the 1992 noise contours for planning  purposes of future development.  The 1992 noise contours are illustrated on  Figure 4.  Source: Air Installation Compatible Use Zone Report, Offutt Air Force Base,  November 2007  Page 17 Carter Lake 64 ¬ « Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study d Creek k 275 £ ¤ on illi ap Outermost Imaginary Surfaces Boundary o squito Mu Cr ¬ « Bellevue C ree k ua Q Springfield Bellevue Zw i e 50 be l Cre ek 275 y Interstate State Highway Platte River Railroad re k C Glendale k ree C r ee k Cedar C u rm ile River / Creek / Stream Federal Highway 75 Fo ek Water Body £ ¤ 13H e ghtm i le Cr Ei Other City Mills County 34 66 City included in JLUS k ee Cr Pony Creek Lake £ ¤ ¬ « County Boundary £ ¤ Folsom Lake ¬ « Page 18 State Boundary § ¦ ¨ n Po e Cass County Offutt Air Force Base 29 Offutt AFB ¬ « APZ II 370 Base Lake il Sarpy County APZ I ¬ « 370 65 dB DNL CZ er ig 1992 Noise Contour Accident Potential Zones M Papill ion Creek Walnut Creek Lake Cedar Creek Pottawattamie County Missouri R i v d W k e C reek k Papillion Fric ee reek Elk Creek C am Legend Airfield Imaginary Surface La Vista Schr es tmo nt C ree k k ee Cr Wehrspann Lake 92 ¬ « Lake Manawa Ralston P 192 Council Bluffs B es t 80 § ¦ ¨ ¬ « Figure 4 Offutt AFB Mission Footprints: Imaginary Surfaces, Safety, and Noise 80 § ¦ ¨ Creek ree ll C k § ¦ ¨ 480 § ¦ ¨ Douglas County Cr ee 29 Indian Creek P Di w El m 6 £ ¤ tch oo He § ¦ ¨ Big on i lli ap 680 W ¬ « Omaha 6 £ ¤ Boys Town 6 ¬ « 64 Plattsmouth Glenwood Pacific Junction 29 § ¦ ¨ Keg Creek Lake Nebraska Iowa Runway ¬ « 385 g Ke e Cr ek Sources: Offutt AFB AICUZ Report, 1992; Offutt AFB AICUZ Report, 2007; Offutt AFB, 2014. 275 £ ¤ 0 1.5 3 Miles August 2015 Offutt AFB Profile Airspace Control (Figure 5) To help controllers and pilots deal with varying traffic conditions in the sky,  United States airspace has been divided into six different classes (A, B, C, D,  E, and G).  These different classes have different requirements for entry into  the airspace, pilot qualifications, radio and transponder equipment, and  Visual Flight Rules (VFR) weather minimums.    3. Part 77 Vertical Obstruction Compliance (Figure 6) The 500‐foot rule, promulgated by the FAA, states that every citizen of the  United States has “a public right of freedom of transit in air commerce  through the navigable air space of the United States.”  A height that is 200  feet AGL or above the established airport elevation, whichever is higher, and  within three nautical miles of the established reference point of an airport,  excluding heliports, with its longest runway more than 3,200 feet in actual  length is considered a vertical obstruction.  This height increases in the  proportion of 100 feet for each additional nautical mile of distance from the  airport up to a maximum of 499 feet.  Figure 6 provides an illustration of this measure of vertical obstruction.   Note that this is in addition to, not a replacement of, imaginary surface,  discussed previously.  Within the JLUS Study Area, Offutt AFB and Eppley Airfield are surrounded  by Class C airspace.  The vertical boundary is 4,000 feet above the airport  elevation (the “ceiling”). The core surface area has a radius of five nautical  miles and goes from the airport elevation to the ceiling of the Class C  airspace. The upper "shelf" area has a radius of ten nautical miles, and  extends from as low as 1,200 feet up to the ceiling of the airspace.  Figure 5  shows the FAA Sectional Chart of the area and shows the Class C airspace  areas described (highlighted in red for emphasis).  Bird / Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard Relevancy Area (Figure 7) Birds and animals can present a significant hazard to military flight  operations.  While fatal accidents have been limited, impacts can be a safety  concern and cause significant damage to aircraft.  Bird or animal strikes  since 1980 have approached approximately 20,000 events that have  resulted in 2 deaths, 25 aircraft destroyed and over $300 million in damage.   Since 2004, Offutt AFB has experienced 29 damaging bird strikes that have  resulted in $9.2 million in damage.  Certain types of land uses attract birds and wildlife, such as open water  areas, standing water, and other natural areas.  The location of Offutt AFB  near the Missouri and Platte Rivers increases risk for Bird / Wildlife Aircraft  Strike Hazard (BASH) incidents.  Relative to compatibility, the control of  attractions near the airfield is important.  Figure 7 shows a five‐mile radius  around the Offutt AFB airport operations area.  Based on FAA statistical  analysis, this is the primary area of concern for BASH incidents to occur, and  the primary focus of compatibility planning for this issue.  Source: BASH It’s Not Just Another Four‐Letter Acronym, The Combat Edge, 2012  August 2015 Page 19 Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study Figure 5 Offutt AFB Airspace Control Legend Control Area o o g Eppley Airfield Offutt AFB g Source: USDOT FAA Sectional Charts, 2015. 0 Page 20 2 4 Miles August 2015 Carter Lake 64 ¬ « Omaha 6 £ ¤ k £ ¤ 92 ¬ « Council Bluffs Up to 300' @ 4NM Pottawattamie County o squito Papill ion Creek Mu Cr Bellevue ¬ « C ree k 370 Q Sarpy County County Boundary City included in JLUS Other City Base Lake il ua State Boundary 29 ¦ ¨ ¬ « § 370 Bellevue Water Body Po Zw i e 50 be l Cre ek re k 75 C Glendale 34 13H ek u rm ile Fo k ree C r ee k Cedar C August 2015 Cass County e Mills County Pony Creek Lake £ ¤ ¬ « ghtm i le Cr Ei Federal Highway 275 £ ¤ 66 Interstate State Highway Railroad Platte River e ¬ « River / Creek / Stream k ree £ ¤ Folsom Lake Cedar Creek C ny Offutt AFB ¬ « Up to 500' @ 6NM Airfield Surface / Runway er k ig Up to 400' @ 5NM Offutt Air Force Base Missouri R i v d Walnut Creek Lake Legend M k e C reek ee Papillion Fric Figure 6 Up to 200' @ 3NM Lake Manawa Elk Creek reek W Springfield ¬ « La Vista Schr es tmo nt C ree k k ee Cr C am 80 § ¦ ¨ Ralston P on illi ap Wehrspann Lake 480 192 3. Offutt AFB Profile Offutt AFB Mission Footprint: Part 77 80 § ¦ ¨ Creek ree ll C k § ¦ ¨ § ¦ ¨ Douglas County Cr ee 29 Indian Creek P 275 es t 6 £ ¤ tch B He § ¦ ¨ Big on i lli ap 680 W ¬ « 64 ¬ « Di Boys Town 6 Plattsmouth Glenwood Pacific Junction 29 § ¦ ¨ Keg Creek Lake Nebraska Iowa ¬ « 385 g Ke e Cr ek Sources: Offutt AFB, 2014; Matrix 275Design Group, 2015. £ ¤ 0 1.5 3 Miles Page 21 Carter Lake 64 ¬ « Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study Omaha Di ree ll C k k £ ¤ 80 § ¦ ¨ Pottawattamie County o squito Papill ion Creek er Missouri R i v ig d Mu Cr Bellevue C ree k il Q Sarpy County River / Creek / Stream Interstate Federal Highway State Highway Po C ny 275 be l Cre ek Platte River re k e 34 Glendale C £ ¤ 75 £ ¤ ¬ « 13H ek e u rm ile k ree C r ee k Cedar C ghtm i le Cr Ei Fo 66 ¬ « Cass County Mills County Folsom Pony Creek Lake Lake Zw i e 50 Railroad k ree £ ¤ Offutt AFB ¬ « County Boundary Water Body Base Lake Bellevue State Boundary Other City 29 § ¦ ¨ 370 370 Airfield Surface / Runway City included in JLUS ¬ « ¬ « ua Page 22 Offutt Air Force Base M k e C reek k Fric Legend 5-mile BASH Relevancy Area Lake Manawa ee Papillion Walnut Creek Lake Cedar Creek 92 ¬ « Council Bluffs Elk Creek reek W Springfield ¬ « Figure 7 Offutt AFB Mission Footprint: BASH Relevancy Area 80 § ¦ ¨ 192 La Vista Schr es tmo nt C ree k k ee Cr C am 480 Ralston P on illi ap Wehrspann Lake § ¦ ¨ § ¦ ¨ Douglas County Cr ee 29 Indian Creek P 275 es t 6 £ ¤ tch B He § ¦ ¨ Big on i lli ap 680 W ¬ « Creek 6 £ ¤ Boys Town 6 ¬ « 64 Plattsmouth Pacific Junction 29 § ¦ ¨ Keg Creek Lake Nebraska Iowa Glenwood ¬ « 385 g Ke e Cr ek Sources: Offutt AFB, 2014; Matrix 275Design Group, 2015. £ ¤ 0 1.5 3 Miles August 2015 There are many existing tools that can be used to encourage, promote, and  manage compatibility between military installations and their neighboring  communities.  This chapter provides an overview of compatibility tools  currently used or applied in evaluating and addressing compatibility issues in  the Offutt Air Force Base (AFB) Joint Land Use Study (JLUS) area.  Relative to  compatibility planning, there are a number of existing plans and programs  which are either designed to address compatibility directly or which indirectly  address compatibility issues through the topics they cover.  This summary  provides an overview of key plans and programs that impact compatibility  planning for the Offutt AFB JLUS area and is not meant to be exhaustive in  nature.  For a comprehensive listing of tools, see Chapter 4, Compatibility  Tools in the Background Report.    There are three types of planning tools evaluated relative to their  applicability: permanent, semi‐permanent, and conditional.  Permanent  planning tools include acquisition programs, either fee simple purchase of  property or the purchase of development rights. Semi‐permanent tools  include regulations such as zoning or adopted legislation. Conditional tools  include memorandums of understanding, intergovernmental agreements, and  other policy documents such as comprehensive plans and general plans that  can be periodically modified.  This review is meant to provide an overview of  applicable planning tools and determine how each may apply to compatibility  issues identified by the Offutt AFB JLUS process, as presented under the  compatibility factors discussed in Chapter 5, Compatibility Assessment.  August 2015 Federal Programs and Policies Air Force Instruction 90-2001 Air Force Instruction 90‐2001 was published in September 2014 to  implement the Encroachment Management Program.  The Instruction  applies to all Air Force installations to address encroachment issues and  prevent or reduce the impacts of encroachment.  The Instruction includes  Encroachment Management Framework, which has four elements  (Organize, Assess, Act, and Monitor) to address the variety of challenges.   Organization involves leadership involvement, a cross‐functional  management structure, an issue evaluation structure, a designated  Executive Director at the installation level, and a geographic scope.   Assessment includes studying internal and external relationships and  developing encroachment studies, such as an Installation Complex  Encroachment Management Action Plan (ICEMAP).  Action involves  implementation of programs. Lastly, monitoring involves maintaining  awareness of mission needs and encroachment issues.     DOD Energy Siting Clearinghouse Section 358 of the 2011 National Defense Authorization Act authorized the  study of the effects of new construction and obstructions on military  installations and operations. The Energy Siting Clearinghouse serves to  coordinate the DOD review of existing applications for energy projects.   Several key elements of Section 358 include designation of a senior official  and lead organization to conduct the review of energy project applications, a  specific timeframe for completion of a hazard assessment associated with an  Page 23 Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study application (30 days), specific criteria for DOD objections to projects and a  requirement to provide an annual status report to Congress.  This legislation  facilitates procedural certainty and a predictable process that promotes  compatibility between energy independence and military capability.   Federal Aviation Act The Federal Aviation Act was enacted in 1958 to provide methods for  overseeing and regulating civilian and military use of airspace over the  United States.  The Act requires the Secretary of Transportation to make  long‐range plans that formulate policy for the orderly development and use  of navigable air space.  The intent is to serve the needs of both civilian  aeronautics and national defense, but does not specifically address the  needs of military agencies. Military planning strives to work alongside local,  state, and federal aviation law and policies but sometimes must supersede  these and other levels of government due to national security interests.  The  Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) was created as a result of the Act for a  variety of purposes, including the management of airspace over the U.S.    The 500‐foot rule, promulgated by the FAA, states that every citizen of the  United States has “a public right of freedom of transit in air commerce  through the navigable air space of the United States.” The rule was formally  announced in the 1963 Court of Claims ruling in Aaron v. United States and  states that flights 500 feet or more above ground level (AGL) do not  represent a compensable taking because flights 500 feet AGL enjoy a right of  free passage without liability to the owners below.   Another important outcome of the Act is FAA Regulation Title 14 Part 77,  commonly known as Part 77, which provides the basis for evaluation of  vertical obstruction compatibility. This regulation determines compatibility  based on the height of proposed structures or natural features relative to  their distance from the ends of a runway. Using a distance formula from this  regulation, local jurisdictions can easily assess the height restrictions near  airfields. Additional information on Part 77 is located on the FAA Internet  site at http://www.faa.gov/.  Page 24 The FAA has identified certain imaginary surfaces around runways to  determine how structures and facilities are evaluated and identify if they  pose a vertical obstruction relative to the airspace around a runway.  The  levels of imaginary surfaces build upon one another and are designed to  eliminate obstructions to air navigation and operations, either natural or  man‐made. The dimension or size of an imaginary surface depends on the  runway classification.  Partners in Flight Program The DOD has implemented a program entitled Partners in Flight that  sustains and enhances the military testing, training, and safety mission  through habitat‐based management strategies.  The program assists natural  resource managers in monitoring, inventory, research, and management of  birds and their habitats.  As part of the Partners in Flight program, a strategic  plan is created that can be incorporated into a Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike  Hazard (BASH) plan.  This program reaches beyond the boundaries of the  installation to facilitate community partnerships and determine the current  status of bird populations to prevent the further endangerment of birds.  Telecommunications Act of 1996 and the Federal Communications Commission The Telecommunications Act of 1996 was the first comprehensive update to  federal telecommunication law in over six decades and was in large part  intended to open up the marketplace to greater competition.  Changes in  the means through which information is produced, accessed, stored and  shared made the federal government response imperative.  The increasing  use and development of personal mobile phones, satellite transmission, high  speed fiber optics, and other related factors are often pushing demand  beyond the system capacity.    New telecommunication tower siting requires compliance with the Federal  Communications Commission’s (FCC) environmental review standards and  procedures, including NEPA and ESA compliance, National Historic  Preservation Act compliance, adherence to any applicable  August 2015 Existing Compatibility Tools FAA requirements, and structure registration with the FCC.  The actual  approval of physical installations is subject to state and local permits and  approvals; however, state and local authority is limited by FCC law.  For  instance, states and local jurisdictions cannot base their decisions on any  purported environmental effects of radio frequency transmissions.   US Avian Hazard Advisory System The U.S. Avian Hazard Advisory System (USAHAS) is a geographic  information system‐based bird avoidance model developed by the  U.S. Air Force used for “analysis and correlation of bird habitat, migration,  and breeding characteristics, combined with key environmental and  man‐made geospatial data.”  The model provides up‐to‐date information –  “near real‐time” – about bird activity and movements to assist pilots and  flight planners in the scheduling and use of flight routes.  The model can also  be used as a forecasting tool to estimate bird strike risk.  Information from  the North American Breeding Bird Survey, Audubon Christmas Bird Count,  bird refuge databases, and the U.S. Air Force Bird‐Aircraft Strike database as  well as public domain information regarding landfill locations is used to  formulate the bird activity and movement data.  The model is available for  use by agencies and the general public, accessible from the USAHAS website  at http://www.usahas.com/.  Federal programs provide authority for state and local governments to  implement actions to protect the military and the community.  August 2015 4. Offutt AFB Plans and Programs Air Installation Compatible Use Zone Report The Air Installation Compatible Use Zone (AICUZ) program was created by  the DOD in 1973 to address noise and safety hazards associated with  aviation operations.  The AICUZ program was established to minimize  impacts from aviation operations (noise and accidents) through specific  attention to development and land uses.  The AICUZ framework evaluates  noise from military aircraft, and applies the concept of clear zones / accident  potential zones, with corresponding development / building densities and  intensities designed to encourage compatibility between military operations  and communities.   The AICUZ provides recommendations to local government and other  entities for actions they can implement to further compatibility goals and  objectives of their comprehensive master plans, development codes (zoning  ordinances), and other land use regulations.   Bird / Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard Plan Offutt AFB maintains a BASH Plan to minimize the threat of bird strikes to  aircraft and protect local wildlife.  A BASH is designed to minimize wildlife  and bird strike damage to military aircraft.  A BASH plan is designed to  control birds, alert aircrew and operations personnel, and provide increased  levels of flight safety, especially during the critical phases of flight, take‐off  and landing operations.  Specifically, the plan is designed to:   designate a Bird Hazard Warning Group (BHWG) and outline the  members’ responsibilities,   establish procedures to identify high hazard situations and establish  aircraft and airfield operating procedures to avoid these situations,    ensure that all permanent and transient aircrews are aware of bird  hazards and the procedures for avoidance, and   develop guidelines to decrease the attractiveness of the airfield to  birds and disperse the number of birds on the airfield. Page 25 Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study State of Nebraska Plans and Programs Nebraska and Iowa Local Jurisdiction Planning Tools Extraterritorial Jurisdictions of Municipalities An Extraterritorial Jurisdiction (ETJ) of a municipality designates the area  beyond the municipality’s boundaries for future growth. The governing body  of a city, town, or village may request for an ETJ of land that is located within  three miles of its corporate boundaries if it is classified as a metropolitan city  (City of Omaha), two miles of its corporate boundaries if it is designated as  first class city and one mile from the corporate boundaries if it is designated  as second class city.  A metropolitan class city, as defined by the  Nebraska Legislature, is one that has more than 100,000 inhabitants.  Cities  of the first class are all cities having more than 5,000 and not more than  100,000 inhabitants.  Cities of second class are cities, towns, and villages  containing more than eight hundred and not more than five thousand  inhabitants.  Inhabitant numbers must be ascertained and officially  promulgated by the United States or under the authority of the State of  Nebraska or by the authority of the mayor and city council of any such city.   Nebraska law allows cities to regulate land uses and implement zoning  within their ETJ, allowing them to manage growth within the ETJ.  The planning tools used by the JLUS Study Area jurisdictions were analyzed  and categorized as permanent, semi‐permanent, or conditional.  In  Nebraska, as in many other states, cities and counties may exercise land use  and development regulatory authority. Cities and counties are legally bound  by statute to adopt general plans.  State of Nebraska Hazard Mitigation Plan The State of Nebraska Hazard Mitigation Plan establishes guidelines and  procedures for hazardous responses. The plan identifies the potential risks  that could occur and develops a mitigation process by coordinating with  multiple governmental units, including the military department and  U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.    This is important for Offutt AFB because it allows for coordination with state  and other governmental units on the mitigations to protect Nebraska  communities from future impacts.    Page 26 Comprehensive Plans and Master Plans In 1967, the State of Nebraska granted individual counties and municipality’s  authority to develop comprehensive plans and zoning regulations.    A  comprehensive plan / master plan is a document to guide long range  development plans of jurisdiction and its future growth.  These planning  documents provide goals and visions for the jurisdiction to grow and address  economic development, land use, future population growth, community  image, transportation, infrastructure, and community facilities.   Comprehensive / master plans are considered semi‐permanent planning  tools because they can be amended and may cause a change in goals or  policies.  Zoning Ordinances / Regulations The purpose of the zoning ordinance is to serve the general welfare, safety,  and health of the city and its residents and to recognize specific, sustainable,  and compatible uses for areas within its jurisdiction.  In order to be effective  in accomplishing the jurisdiction’s goals and visions, a zoning ordinance /  regulation should coincide with the adopted comprehensive plan.  Zoning  ordinances / regulation are considered semi‐permanent planning tools  because they can be amended and lands can change their zoning  designation if they go through the proper process.    August 2015 Existing Compatibility Tools Subdivision Regulations Subdivision regulations outline requirements to implement functional  streets, and to provide the community with sufficient lot sizes and open  space, while conforming with the comprehensive plan to develop land in an  orderly manner.    While subdivision regulations typically define the standards, procedures, and  other requirements for land division, they can also help to prevent or limit  future encroachment into an installation or adjacent operational areas by  specifying allowable types of infrastructure improvements associated with a  subdivision, such as street lights. Subdivision regulations can be used as a  foundation to ensure mission sustainability, particularly with dark sky  provisions and development density.   Building Codes Building codes are intended to regulate building construction, materials,  alteration and occupancy to ensure health, safety and welfare. Building  codes can regulate building construction such that it is compatible with  military operations, including sound attenuation for residences within  applicable noise zones. Building codes, similar to other regulatory tools, are  considered semi‐permanent.    City of Bellevue Comprehensive Plan Bellevue’s location immediately adjacent to Offutt AFB allows the city  increased opportunities to help protect military compatibility.  The  Bellevue Comprehensive Plan includes a short term goal that seeks to  protect Offutt AFB from incompatible development.    Make the AICUZ an asset to the community (i.e. open space,  linear park connecting to other park and trail systems) while  protecting Offutt Air Force Base from encroachment from  development  August 2015 4. This goal helps to protect the Offutt AFB APZs.  The APZs are very important  as development in these areas could prevent Offutt AFB from carrying out  missions and could increase safety risks to the public.  Additionally the plan states the need for Flexible‐Space Districts. This is to  promote land uses that are more compatible with their adjacent areas.   Areas near Offutt AFB that are considered for flexible‐space zoning include  Kennedy Freeway, Capehart Road, north, southwest, and southeast corners  of Fairview Road, and Fort Crook Road.     Zoning Ordinance The City of Bellevue’s Zoning Ordinance was updated in 2011 and divides the  land within the city into 20 zoning districts and nine overlay districts. The  zoning ordinance state compatible land uses within the AICUZ areas include  the CZ, APZ I and II, Noise Zones, and Height and Obstruction criteria for the  Overlay Districts.  The following statements are implemented to:  Reduce the risk to public health, safety, and quality of life due  to aircraft noise exposure and accident potential.  Promote compatible land development in areas surrounding a  military airfield by regulating land uses and establishing  criteria for the regulation of building height and density.  Preserve the operational capabilities and mission of Offutt Air  Force Base and to prohibit uses which create potential  hazards to the safe approach and departure of aircraft.   Address potentially life threatening situations in areas  exposed to aircraft accident potential through restrictions on  the congregation of large numbers of people or high  concentrations of people and by restrictions on  concentrations of people who are unable to respond to  emergency situations such as children, elderly, handicapped,  and persons undergoing medical treatment.   Page 27 Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study Increase the protection of persons exposed to high levels of  aircraft noise by requiring acoustical treatment in buildings  located within these areas and regulating those uses which  are sensitive to such noise.  It is also requires that the Base Civil Engineer at Offutt AFB be notified of  development in order to maintain compliance with the AICUZ, and any  development within the related area must conform to the FAA Part 77  height restrictions.    Section 5.29 of the City of Bellevue Zoning Ordinance is established as the  AICUZ Overlay District, which provides recommendations to communities for  land uses in the APZs and the noise zones.  The ordinance clearly adopts the  1992 AICUZ Report recommended land use table for safety and noise.  The  ordinance applies to new development and any change, expansion, or  addition of an existing structure or property.  Any development in the  overlay requires a separate development permit.  It is important to note too  that the City of Bellevue has continued to use the larger 1992 AICUZ  contours to maintain compatibility should the opportunity for new missions  be evident.  The most recent Offutt AFB AICUZ Report was approved in 2007; however,  for planning purposes, Offutt AFB and the City of Bellevue use the 1992  noise contours because they are larger than the 2007 AICUZ contours and  provide for a larger area to address compatibility in case the contours  increase in size in the future.  The only issue with this ordinance is that the  DOD has updated their instructions for AICUZ programs as of 2015.  These  AICUZ recommendations from the 1992 Offutt AFB AICUZ Report may be  outdated and could be inconsistent with the 2015 recommendations.    Page 28 August 2015 Identification of Compatibility Issues Methodology and Evaluation Compatibility, in relation to military readiness, can be defined as the balance  or compromise between community needs and interests and military needs  and interests.  The goal of compatibility planning is to promote an  environment where both community and military entities communicate,  coordinate, and implement mutually supportive actions that allow both to  achieve their respective objectives.  A number of factors assist in  determining whether community and military plans, programs, and activities  are compatible or in conflict with joint land uses such as community  activities and military installations.  For this Joint Land Use Study (JLUS),  25 compatibility factors were used to identify, determine, and establish a set  of key JLUS compatibility issues.    The methodology for the Offutt AFB JLUS consisted of a comprehensive and  inclusive discovery process to identify key stakeholder issues associated with  the compatibility factors.  At the initial Policy Committee (PC) and Technical  Advisory Committee (TAC) workshops and public meetings, stakeholders  were asked to identify the location and type of issue in conjunction with  compatibility factors they thought existed today or could occur in the future.   As a part of the evaluation phase, the PC, TAC, and the public examined and  prioritized the extent of existing and potential future compatibility issues  that could impact land within or near the JLUS Study Area.  Other factors  and associated issues were analyzed based on available information and  similarity with other community JLUS experiences around the country.  Of the 25 compatibility factors considered, four were determined to be  inapplicable to this JLUS:  Marine Environments Scarce Natural Resources Public Trespassing Vibration Organization of the Issues The compatibility issues are organized by Minor Issues and Major Issues.   The Minor Issues were isolated from the original set of compatibility issues  as they were determined not to be as important as the major issues.  Thus,  the Minor Issues did not warrant in‐depth analysis.  The Major Issues are  analyzed in depth in Chapter 5 of the Background Report and have strategies  developed for them in Chapter 6 of this JLUS document.  August 2015 Page 29 Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study Minor Issues Air Quality Air quality is defined by numerous components regulated at the federal and  state level. For compatibility, the primary concerns are pollutants that limit  visibility, such as particulates, ozone, etc. and potential non‐attainment of  air quality standards that may limit future changes in operations at the  installation or in the area.  The following Air Quality issue was identified:   Vehicle exhaust from idling cars.  When the new STRATCOM facility  opens, there is expected to be traffic congestion on‐base that may  impact air quality from many vehicles idling as they wait to park.    Concern about fuel dumping.  There is a public concern about the  potential for aircraft impacts on air quality relative to two items:  potential for lead contamination from aircraft flying overhead, and  potential fuel dumping from aircraft operating at Offutt AFB.  Anti-Terrorism / Force Protection Anti‐Terrorism Force Protection (AT/FP) relates to the safety of personnel,  facilities, and information on an installation from outside threats.  Security  concerns and trespassing can present immediate compatibility concerns for  installations.  Due to current global conditions and recent events, military  installations are required to implement more restrictive standards to  address AT/FP concerns.  These measures include increased security checks  at installation gates and physical changes (such as new gate / entry designs).  The following AT/FP issue was identified:   Page 30 Fort Crook Road and Harlan Lewis Road adjacent to Offutt AFB.   Fort Crook Road is adjacent to Offutt AFB and is in proximity to  sensitive areas such as the new STRATCOM headquarters and  officer and personnel on‐base housing.  People using Harlan Lewis  Road on the east side of the base can see into the base in certain  areas.   Cultural Resources Cultural resources are an aspect of a cultural system that is valued by or  significantly representative of a culture or contain significant information  about a culture. A cultural resource may be a tangible entity or a cultural  practice. Tangible cultural resources are categorized as artifacts, records,  districts, pre‐contact archaeological sites, historic archaeological sites,  buildings, structures, and objects. Historic properties are cultural resources  that are eligible or listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Cultural  resources may prevent development, require development constraints, or  require special access by Native American tribal governments or other  authorities.  The following Cultural Resources issue was identified:   Base Cemetery near Bellevue Gate.  There is a military cemetery on  Offutt AFB near the Bellevue Gate.  This gate was temporarily  closed, prompting visitors to go through the Kenney Gate to get to  the cemetery during this time.   Frequency Spectrum Impedance / Interference Frequency spectrum is the entire range of electromagnetic frequencies used  for communications and other transmissions, which includes communication  channels for radio, cellular phones, and television.  In the performance of  typical operations, the military relies on a range of frequencies for  communications and support systems.  Similarly, public and private users  rely on a range of frequencies in the use of cellular telephones and other  wireless devices on a daily basis.  The following Frequency Spectrum  Impedance / Interference issue was identified:   Concerns regarding potential frequency interference following the  development of the Google campus in Pottawattamie County.  The  Google campus located in Pottawattamie County is a major  economic driver for the region.  Some concerns have been voiced  regarding potential frequency interference; however, the campus  does not involve satellite transmissions, so is not likely to cause  frequency impacts with Offutt AFB.   August 2015 Compatibility Assessment 5. Major Issues Air Quality Air quality is defined by numerous components regulated at the federal and  state level. For compatibility, the primary concerns are pollutants that limit  visibility, such as particulates, ozone, etc. and potential non‐attainment of  air quality standards that may limit future changes in operations at the  installation or in the area.  The following Air Quality issue was identified:   Proposed new ozone standards.  Proposed new ozone standards  may be an issue since the Study Area is close to the new limit.   Anti-Terrorism / Force Protection Anti‐Terrorism Force Protection (AT/FP) relates to the safety of personnel,  facilities, and information on an installation from outside threats.  Security  concerns and trespassing can present immediate compatibility concerns for  installations.  Due to current global conditions and recent events, military  installations are required to implement more restrictive standards to  address AT/FP concerns.  These measures include increased security checks  at installation gates and physical changes (such as new gate / entry designs).   The following AT/FP issues were identified:     Future land development could allow line‐of‐sight views into Offutt  AFB.  Future land development on the south side of the runway,  near Harlan Lewis Road and the railroad, could cause security  concerns regarding individuals being able to look in on military  operations.   Hazardous materials pass by Offutt AFB.  The railroad that passes  near the installation sometimes carries hazardous cargo that could  impact the base if an accident occurred.  Closure of Bellevue Gate.  AT/FP response times outside the base  are impacted when the Bellevue Gate is closed.  August 2015 Burlington Northern Santa Fe train transporting oil through Nebraska  Biological Resources Biological resources include federal and state listed species (threatened and  endangered species) and their habitats. These resources may also include  areas such as wetlands and migratory corridors that are critical to the overall  health and productivity of an ecosystem. The presence of sensitive biological  resources may require special development considerations and should be  included early in the planning process.  The following Biological Resource  issues were identified:   Zebra mussels in Base Lake.  An infestation of invasive zebra mussels  has been introduced into Base Lake and previous eradication  measures did not address re‐infestations of the species.   Bird migratory routes.  Offutt AFB is within an important bird  migratory route and many species of birds travel through the region  during migration seasons.  The presence of birds near the runway  and within flight tracks presents potential dangers to pilots and  aircraft.   Page 31 Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study Climate Adaptation Climate adaptation is the effort to prepare for future climate changes  resulting from natural factors and human activities that influence long‐term  atmospheric conditions.  The effects may include fluctuations in sea levels,  storm and tidal surges, and changes in flood potential which can present  operational and planning challenges for the military and communities.  The  following Climate Adaptation issues were identified:    Potential wetland flooding at Offutt AFB.  There are 14 wetlands that  cover 147 acres on Offutt AFB that are regulated by the U.S. Army  Corp of Engineers (USACE).  The base’s location next to the Missouri  and Platte Rivers also puts it in close proximity to flood zones.   During heavy rainfall, this area is prone to flooding, and flooding  onto Offutt AFB may cause delays in missions and operations.     Missouri River flooding around Offutt AFB, July 2011  Page 32 Recertification is required for the levee system around Offutt AFB.   Due to changes in the base flood elevation of the Missouri River,  Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has identified the  need to raise the levee between two inches to several feet for it to  be capable of protecting the installation.  The Papio‐Missouri River  Natural Resources District (P‐MR NRD) has been notified by FEMA,  that if the levee is not fixed by 2017, the levee will be de‐certified.   Communication / Coordination This discussion refers to the programs and plans that promote interagency  coordination.  Interagency communication serves the general welfare by  promoting a more comprehensive planning process inclusive of all affected  stakeholders.  Interagency coordination also seeks to develop and include  mutually beneficial policies for both communities and the military in local  planning documents, such as comprehensive plans.  The following  Communication / Coordination issues were identified:   Lack of public awareness about Offutt AFB mission requirements.   While there is a good relationship between Offutt AFB and its  surrounding communities, there is no formal communication  process for informing nearby residents of the activities that occur at  the base.  This is especially important during unique activities that  do not occur on a regular basis, such as emergency management  training or disaster simulations.    Formalize communication and coordination between Offutt AFB and  communities regarding new development.  There is a need for  formal agreements or standard processes for including the Air Force  in the review and approval of community development projects  proposed within the JLUS Study Area. Although some  communication occurs through an informal process, the lack of a  designated point of contact and standard process that outlines  response times and stakeholder responsibilities have resulted in a  nominal response rate.  August 2015 Compatibility Assessment 5. Dust / Smoke / Steam Dust results from the suspension of particulate matter in the air.  Dust (and  smoke) can be created by fire (controlled or prescribed burns, agricultural  burning, and artillery exercises), ground disturbance (agricultural activities,  military operations, grading), industrial activities, or other similar processes.   Dust, smoke and steam are compatibility issues if sufficient in quantity to  impact flight operations (such as reduced visibility or cause equipment  damage).  The following Dust / Smoke / Steam issues were identified:   Burning of native prairie.  Controlled burns of native prairie near  Offutt AFB may impact pilot visibility.   Potential industrial development south of Offutt AFB.  The land south  of Offutt AFB could be developed with industrial uses that may  impact pilot visibility.     Energy Development Development of energy sources, including alternative energy sources (such  as solar, wind, geothermal, or biofuels) could pose compatibility issues  related to glare (solar energy), vertical obstruction (wind generation), or  frequency interference (wind generation).  The following Energy  Development issues were identified:    Potential wind farm development in the region could interfere with  military devices / operations.  Areas proximate to Offutt AFB have  been identified by wind farm developers as an area of interest for  potential alternative energy projects. The siting of wind farms  within 10‐30 miles of Offutt AFB could result in impacts to Air Force  systems and operations, particularly communication infrastructure  and frequency interference.  Walnut Wind Farm in Pottawattamie County, Iowa  Frequency Spectrum Capacity Frequency spectrum refers to the range of electromagnetic waves capable  of carrying signals for point‐to‐point wireless communications.  In a defined  area, the frequency spectrum is limited and increasing demand for  frequency bandwidth from commercial applications such as cellular phones,  computer networking, GPS units, and mobile radios, is in direct competition  with the capacity necessary for maintaining existing and future missions and  communications on installations.  The following Frequency Spectrum  Capacity issues were identified:   Data bandwidth usage.  The 55th Wing, STRATCOM, and the  557th Weather Wing are all heavily dependent on data bandwidth.   Potential solar development in the region could impact pilot visibility.   Certain types of solar energy systems could interfere with pilot  visibility if they are located in areas that cause glare or reflection  into flight paths.   August 2015 Page 33 Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study Frequency Spectrum Impedance / Interference Frequency spectrum is the entire range of electromagnetic frequencies used  for communications and other transmissions, which includes communication  channels for radio, cellular phones, and television.  In the performance of  typical operations, the military relies on a range of frequencies for  communications and support systems.  Similarly, public and private users  rely on a range of frequencies in the use of cellular telephones and other  wireless devices on a daily basis.  The following Frequency Spectrum  Impedance / Interference issues were identified:    Local radio stations may cause interference with Offutt AFB  operations.  There is a potential for radio frequency interference,  including the local KIMI radio station, to interfere with operations at  Offutt AFB or aircraft instrumentation if they are on a similar  frequency to one used by the base.  Growing communities and increased usage of electronic devices  could interfere with military frequencies.  As communities grow  around Offutt AFB and its off‐site remote transmitter sites, Elkhorn  and Scribner, there is likely to be an increase in wireless devices and  other types of devices that may pose frequency interference  concerns for Offutt AFB operations.   Housing Availability Local housing availability addresses the supply and demand for housing in  the region, the competition for housing that may result from changes in the  number of military personnel, and the supply of military family housing  provided by the installation.  The following Housing Availability issue was  identified:   Page 34 Housing options for Offutt AFB personnel.  Local jurisdictions’  growth policies do not specifically address military workforce  housing needs and the military has not provided adequate  information on housing demand by location.     Offutt AFB military family housing  Infrastructure Extensions Infrastructure refers to public facilities and services such as sewers, water,  electric, and roadways that are required to support development (existing  and proposed).  Public facilities and services should be appropriate for the  type of urban or rural development they serve, but also limited to the  existing and planned needs and requirements of the area.  For example, the  provision of a safe transportation system, including all modes of  transportation (automobile, mass transit, railway, highway, bicycle,  pedestrian, air, water, etc.), is an important infrastructure component.   Adequate transportation infrastructure contributes to local, regional, and  state accessibility.  The following Infrastructure Extension issue was  identified:    August 2015 Compatibility Assessment  Infrastructure improvements / extensions may induce growth close  to Offutt AFB.  The new US Highway 34 extension may provide  mutual benefits for connecting surrounding counties but also has  the potential to induce heavy traffic due to an increase in capacity.   The completion of Highway 34 corridor may spur new development  south of Offutt AFB, most likely industrial, which may be  incompatible with the base’s operations or pose safety concerns for  the aircraft. The extension of additional / new services to the base  could create the potential for growth inducement in areas subject  to impacts from Offutt AFB activities and operations.   Land / Air / Sea Space Competition The military manages or uses land and air space to accomplish testing,  training, and operational missions. These resources must be available and of  a sufficient size, cohesiveness, and quality to accommodate effective  training and testing.  Military and civilian air and sea operations can  compete for limited air and sea space, especially when the usage areas are  in close proximity to each other. Use of this shared resource can impact  future growth in operations for all users.  The following Land / Air / Sea  Space Competition issues were identified:   Non‐military drones.  Due to the lack of coordination with the FAA  and / or Offutt AFB, non‐military drones could interfere with  military operations at Offutt AFB.   Potential for runway expansion.  Due to topographic features on the  north end of the runway and the need for runway over runs, there  is a desire to expand the runway to the southeast to protect future  operations and missions.  This would require additional standoff  distances outside the current base boundaries.   Land Use The basis of land use planning and regulation relates to the government’s  role in protecting the public’s health, safety, and welfare.  Local jurisdictions’  general plans and zoning ordinances can be the most effective tools for  August 2015 5. preventing or resolving land use compatibility issues.  These tools ensure the  separation of land uses that differ significantly in character.  Land use  separation also applies to properties where the use of one property may  adversely impact the use of another.  For instance, industrial uses are often  separated from residential uses to avoid impacts from noise, odors, and  lighting.  The following Land Use issues were identified:   Offutt AFB AICUZ Report land use recommendations adoption.  Not  all of the communities around Offutt AFB utilize the AICUZ  recommendations for land use development in aircraft operational  areas, which may allow for incompatible development to occur in  some areas.   Additional growth near military operating areas may impair the use  of Offutt AFB aviation assets.  Undeveloped land in the vicinity of  Offutt AFB, such as within the approach and departure corridors,  has the potential to be developed with incompatible uses that could  impact the ability to safely carry out missions.   Legislative Initiatives Legislative initiatives are proposed changes in relevant policies, laws,  regulations or programs which could potentially have a significant impact on  one or more substantive areas of concern to both the facility and to the  stakeholder communities.  The focus of this compatibility issue is on  initiatives with general and broad implications.  The following Legislative  Initiative issues were identified:   Multiple jurisdictional authority on portions of Offutt AFB.  There are  multiple jurisdictional authorities on portions of Offutt AFB in the  northwest corner that place the area under legal jurisdiction of the  Sarpy County authorities.    Page 35 Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study  Drop in the percentage of military children enrolled in Bellevue  School District schools.  The reduction in the percentage of military  student enrollment within Bellevue schools is due to an increase in  civilian students causing a reduction in percentage of military  students and alternate housing options for military families outside  of Bellevue.  The reduction of percentage of military students has  resulted in Bellevue no longer being defined as a “highly impacted”  community for military students and decreased the Bellevue budget  by $5 million dollars, which may cause future constraints that will  impact classroom sizes and availability of new supplies.   Light and Glare This factor refers to man‐made lighting (street lights, airfield lighting,  building lights) and glare (direct or reflected light) that disrupts vision.  Light  sources from commercial, industrial, recreational, and residential uses at  night can cause excessive glare and illumination, impacting the use of  military night vision devices and air operations.  Conversely, high intensity  light sources generated from a military area (such as ramp lighting) may  have a negative impact on the adjacent community.  The following Light and  Glare issue was identified:    Noise from aircraft operations.  The aircraft operations that occur at  Offutt AFB produce noise that can be heard outside the boundaries  of the base, within surrounding communities.  Roadway Capacity Roadway capacity relates to the ability of existing freeways, highways,  arterials, and other local roads to provide adequate mobility and access  between military installations and their surrounding communities.  As  transportation systems grow and provide more capacity, these facilities  induce and encourage growth as rural areas become more accessible.  The  following Roadway Capacity issues were identified:   Potential increase in employee traffic following the completion of the  STRATCOM building.  When it is completed, Offutt AFB’s new  STRATCOM building may increase the amount of traffic outside the  STRATCOM Gate, which may impact local civilian traffic.  Lighting impacts from future development around Offutt AFB.   Increased development around Offutt AFB may include lighting  systems that are incompatible with nighttime operations at the  base.   Noise Sound that reaches unwanted levels is referred to as noise.  The central  issue with noise is the impact, or perceived impact, on people, animals (wild  and domestic), and general land use compatibility.  Exposure to high noise  levels can have a significant impact on human activity, health, and safety.   The decibel (dB) scale is used to quantify sound intensity.  To understand the  relevance of decibels, a normal conversation often occurs at 60 dB, while an  ambulance siren from 100 feet away is about 100 dB.  Noise associated with  Page 36 military operations (arrival/departure of military aircraft, firing of weapons,  etc.) may create noises in higher dB ranges.  The following Noise issue was  identified:  Current Offutt AFB STRATCOM Gate  August 2015 Compatibility Assessment  Highway projects may increase commuting traffic from areas south  of Offutt AFB.  The expansion of Highway 75 and completion of  Highway 34 may cause an increase in traffic from employees  commuting to Offutt AFB from Plattsmouth, Buccaneer Bay,  Beaver Lake, Glenwood, and other areas south of the base. Safety  Safety Zones Safety zones are areas in which development should be more restrictive, in  terms of use and concentrations of people, due to the higher risks to public  safety. Issues to consider include aircraft accident potential zones, weapons  firing range safety zones, and explosive safety zones.  Military installations  often engage in activities or contain facilities that, due to public safety  concerns, require special consideration by local jurisdictions when  evaluating compatibility. It is important to regulate land use near military  airfields in order to minimize damage from potential aircraft accidents and  to reduce air navigation hazards. To help mitigate potential issues, the  Department of Defense (DOD) has delineated Clear Zones (CZ) and Accident  Potential Zones (APZ) in the vicinity of airfield runways.  APZs are usually  divided into APZ I and APZ II. Each zone was developed based on the  statistical review of aircraft accidents. Studies show that most mishaps occur  on or near the runway, predominately along its extended centerline.  The  following Safety issues were identified:    Habitat for wildlife surrounding Offutt AFB.  Vegetation and water  sources, including the Schilling Wildlife Management Area,  Gifford Point Wildlife Management Area, Base Lake, Catfish Lake,  Platte River, and Missouri River nearby Offutt AFB can promote  nesting habitats for birds and pose a safety hazard for flight  operations.  5. Vertical Obstructions Vertical obstructions are created by buildings, trees, structures, or other  features that may encroach into the navigable airspace or line of sight radar  signal transmission pathways used by the military. These obstructions can be  a safety hazard to both the public and military personnel and potentially  impact military readiness.  Vertical obstructions can compromise the value  of low‐level flight training by limiting the areas where such training can  occur.  These obstructions can include a range of items from man‐made,  such as telephone poles, utility transmission towers, and radio antennas, to  natural, such as tall trees and land features.  The following Vertical  Obstructions issues were identified:   Height of nearby trees.  Tree height obstructions are a concern for  the air operations at Offutt AFB.   Height of future development.  Lands within the airfield imaginary  surfaces have the potential for development that is taller than the  recommended heights and may be incompatible.   Google Street view, facing south, of trees along Fort Crook Road in the aircraft  approach and departure zone (Offutt AFB is on the left side)  Existing uses in runway safety zones.  There are some incompatible  uses that currently exist within the runway safety zones that were  established prior to the AICUZ zoning overlay.   August 2015 Page 37 Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study Water Quality / Quantity Water quality / quantity concerns include the assurance that adequate  water supplies of good quality are available for use by the installation and  surrounding communities as the area develops. Water supply for agriculture  and industrial use is also considered.  The following Water Quality / Quantity  issue was identified:   Missouri River management in the Upper Basin.  Entities that are  responsible for managing the Upper Basin of the Missouri River and  releasing water from dams upriver should coordinate with  Offutt AFB and local jurisdictions to minimize flooding concerns.       Page 38 August 2015 Implementation Plan This chapter identifies and organizes the recommended courses of action  (strategies) that have been developed through a collaborative effort  between representatives of local jurisdictions, Offutt AFB, state and federal  agencies, local organizations, the general public and other stakeholders that  own or manage land or resources in the region.  Because the Offutt AFB  JLUS is the result of a collaborative planning process, the strategies  represent a true consensus plan; a realistic and coordinated approach to  compatibility planning developed with the support of stakeholders involved  throughout the process.  The JLUS strategies incorporate a variety of actions that promote compatible  land use and resource planning.  Upon implementation, existing and  potential compatibility issues arising from the civilian / military interface can  be removed or significantly mitigated.  The recommended strategies  function as the heart of the JLUS document and are the culmination of the  planning process.  Each of the JLUS strategies that are included in this chapter are meant to  address specific compatibility issues that are described in greater detail in  Chapter 5 of the Offutt AFB JLUS Background Report.  The issues are  included before each set of strategies as a point of reference to what the  strategies are addressing.  They correspond to the issue numbers in the  Chapter 5 of the Background Report for easy reference and can be used to  read additional information on the specifics of the issues themselves.  The key to the implementation of strategies is the establishment of the  JLUS Coordination Committee (see Strategy COM‐2A) to oversee the  execution of the JLUS.  Through this committee, local jurisdictions,  Offutt AFB, and other interested parties can continue their collaboration to  establish procedures, recommend or refine specific actions, and make  adjustments to strategies over time to ensure the JLUS continues to resolve  key compatibility issues into the future through realistic strategies and  implementation.    It is important to note that the JLUS is not an adopted plan, but rather a  recommended set of strategies which should be implemented by the  JLUS participants in order to address current and potential future  compatibility issues.  August 2015 Page 39 Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study Implementation Plan Guidelines  The key to a successful plan is balancing the different needs of all involved  stakeholders.  To produce a balanced plan, several guidelines were used as  the basis for strategy development. These guidelines included:  Promote an orderly transition between community and military  land uses so that land uses remain compatible.   Protect public health, safety, and welfare.   Maintain operational capabilities of military installations and areas.    Promote an awareness of the size and scope of military training  areas to protect areas separate from the actual military installation  (e.g., critical air space) used for training purposes.   Establish compatibility requirements within the designated area,  such as requirements for sound attenuation or avigation  easements.   Recommended strategies must not result in a taking of property value  as defined by state law.     In some cases, the recommended strategies can only be implemented  with new enabling legislation.     In order to minimize regulation, many of the strategies are only  recommended within the certain geographic area for which the issue  they address occurs (e.g. within the noise contours), instead of  recommended for the whole JLUS Study Area.   Similar to other planning processes that include numerous  stakeholders, the challenge is to create a solution or strategy that  meets the needs of all parties.  In lieu of eliminating strategies that do  not have 100 percent buy‐in from all stakeholders, it was determined  that the solution / strategy may result in the creation of multiple  strategies that address the same issue but tailored to individual  circumstances.  Since this JLUS is meant to be a “living document”, and state and  federal regulations are subject to change, before implementing one of  the suggested strategies included in the Implementation Plan, the  implementing jurisdiction or party should ensure there is no conflict  between the strategy and any existing state or federal law.  The MCAs are used to define the geographic areas where the JLUS strategies  are to be applied.  This technique ensures the strategies are applied to the  appropriate areas, and that locations deemed not subject to a specific  compatibility issue are not adversely impacted by regulations inappropriate  for their location or circumstance.  These MCAs are recommended under Strategy LU‐2A.  The proposed Offutt AFB Military Compatibility Area Overlay District  (MCAOD) is an area that incorporates all of the MCAs.  Implementation of  these overlays requires jurisdictions to amend their zoning ordinances. The  MCAOD is illustrated on Figure 8 and the individual MCAs are shown on  Figures 9 through 13.    Military Compatibility Areas In compatibility planning, the generic term “Military Compatibility Area”  (MCA) is used to formally designate a geographic area where military  operations may impact local communities, and conversely, where local  activities may affect the military’s ability to carry out its mission(s).  An MCA  is designated to accomplish the following:  Page 40 August 2015 Carter Lake 64 ¬ « d Creek oo ree ll C k 275 £ ¤ on illi ap Pottawattamie County o squito Papillion k e C reek Papill ion Creek Missouri R i v ig Mu Walnut Creek Lake Cr ¬ « C ree k ua il Q Springfield Zw i e 50 be l Cre ek State Boundary 370 County Boundary City included in JLUS 29 § ¦ ¨ 75 £ ¤ 34 £ ¤ 275 Folsom Lake C ny River / Creek / Stream Interstate Pony Creek Lake Federal Highway State Highway Railroad Runway Platte River re k Glendale C Glenwood ¬ « 13H ek e u rm ile k ree C r ee k Cedar C ghtm i le Cr Ei Fo 66 ¬ « August 2015 Water Body k ree Mills County e Cass County Other City £ ¤ Po Offutt AFB ¬ « Imaginary Surfaces MCA Installation ¬ « Base Lake Bellevue BASH MCA Offutt Air Force Base Bellevue 370 Sarpy County Noise MCA Land MCA (1 Mile) M Fric d W Cedar Creek Safety MCA er reek k C am Legend MCAOD La Vista Schr es tmo nt C ree k k ee Cr Wehrspann Lake 92 ¬ « Lake Manawa Ralston P ¬ « Figure 8 Offutt AFB Military Compatibility Area Overlay District 80 192 6. Implementation Plan   § ¦ ¨ Council Bluffs ee es t 80 § ¦ ¨ Elk Creek W 480 B He k § ¦ ¨ § ¦ ¨ Douglas County Cr ee 29 Indian Creek P Di w El m on i lli ap 680 § ¦ ¨ Big 6 £ ¤ tch Creek £ ¤ Boys Town ¬ « 64 ¬ « Omaha 6 6 Plattsmouth Pacific Junction 29 § ¦ ¨ Keg Creek Lake Nebraska Iowa ¬ « 385 g Ke e Cr ek Sources: Offutt AFB AICUZ Report, 1992; Offutt AFB AICUZ Report, 2007; Offutt AFB, 2014; Matrix Design Group, 2752015. £ ¤ 0 1.5 3 Miles Page 41 Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study 75 £ ¤ P kC reek g Cr ee k Offutt AFB Safety Military Compatibility Area Pottawattamie County Big El Bi ap illi on Figure 9 Missouri R iver Legend Papillion Cree k Safety MCA Bellevue Creek ud M Runway Safety Zone ¬ « 370 CZ APZ I APZ II Road Ditc h Betz ¬ « 370 Offutt Air Force Base C reek State Boundary Fort Croo k County Boundary Cr e ek il Offutt AFB ua Q Base Lake City included in JLUS Water Body River / Creek / Stream State Highway Mills County Railroad Runway Wh itte e d Cr Sarpy County 75 £ ¤ 34 £ ¤ Papi llion Creek Nebraska Page 42 tch Di Federal Highway ek ek Zwie be l C re Bellevue M int Sa s a ry Sources: Offutt AFB AICUZ Report, 2007; Offutt AFB, 2014; Matrix Design Group, 2015. Iowa 0 0.5 1 Mile August 2015 6. Omaha La Vista ek re rC C o pp e n lio pi l ree k Offutt AFB Noise Military Compatibility Area Legend Noise MCA Mo a B ig P Fricke C Council Bluffs Figure 10 Lake Manawa sq ui to Cree k od C r eek Blo Indian Creek Di tch Implementation Plan   Elk Creek k ee Cr 75 £ ¤ Big ek Pottawattamie County 370 ¬ « 29 rook Cr § ¦ ¨ ek Base Lake ek Cre W hitt ed Qu Bellevue County Boundary Interstate Fo rt C re C ail State Boundary River / Creek / Stream c it Road D Betz k ee 370 Offutt Air Force Base Water Body ¬ « h Mud Installation City included in JLUS Bellevue Cr e Papillion Creek Missouri Riv er M int Sa ys ar Federal Highway State Highway Railroad h tc Di Runway Mills County Offutt AFB Sarpy County 75 £ ¤ Z wie bel Cre e k 34 £ ¤ N e b r a s k Iao w a Platte River Cass County August 2015 Folsom Lake Sources: Offutt AFB AICUZ Report, 1992; Offutt AFB, 2014; Matrix Design Group, 2015. 0 0.5 1 Mile Page 43 Carter Lake 64 ¬ « Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study d Creek k 275 £ ¤ Installation o squito Pottawattamie County Papill ion Creek Missouri R i v d Mu Walnut Creek Lake Cr ¬ « C ree k ua il Q Springfield 370 Zw i e 50 be l Cre ek Interstate Federal Highway 29 § ¦ ¨ 275 Po Folsom Lake 75 £ ¤ Platte River C ny Runway Mills County Pony Creek Lake 34 re k Glendale C Glenwood ¬ « 13H ek e u rm ile k ree C r ee k Cedar C ghtm i le Cr Ei Fo 66 ¬ « Page 44 Railroad k ree £ ¤ e Cass County State Highway £ ¤ Offutt AFB ¬ « River / Creek / Stream ¬ « Base Lake Bellevue County Boundary Water Body Bellevue 370 Sarpy County State Boundary Other City er k ig Offutt Air Force Base City included in JLUS M k e C reek ee Papillion Fric Legend BASH MCA Lake Manawa Elk Creek reek W Cedar Creek 92 ¬ « La Vista Schr es tmo nt C ree k k ee Cr C am ¬ « Council Bluffs Ralston P on illi ap Wehrspann Lake 80 § ¦ ¨ B es t 480 192 Figure 11 Offutt AFB BASH Military Compatibility Area 80 § ¦ ¨ Creek ree ll C k § ¦ ¨ § ¦ ¨ Douglas County Cr ee 29 Indian Creek P Di w El m 6 £ ¤ tch oo He § ¦ ¨ Big on i lli ap 680 W ¬ « Omaha 6 £ ¤ Boys Town 6 ¬ « 64 Plattsmouth Pacific Junction 29 § ¦ ¨ Keg Creek Lake Nebraska Iowa ¬ « 385 g Ke e Cr ek Sources: Offutt AFB, 2014; Matrix 275Design Group, 2015. £ ¤ 0 1.5 3 Miles August 2015 Carter Lake 64 ¬ « d Creek oo ree ll C k 275 £ ¤ on illi ap Pottawattamie County o squito Papillion k e C reek Papill ion Creek Missouri R i v ig Mu Walnut Creek Lake Cr ¬ « C ree k ua il Q Springfield Zw i e 50 be l Cre ek Outer Horizontal Surface 370 Transitional Surface 29 § ¦ ¨ 275 n Po Folsom Lake yC 75 County Boundary Mills County Interstate re k C Glendale ek e u rm ile k ree C r ee k Cedar C ghtm i le Cr Ei Fo 66 ¬ « Plattsmouth Other City River / Creek / Stream Glenwood ¬ « City included in JLUS Water Body 34 13H August 2015 State Boundary £ ¤ e Cass County Offutt Air Force Base k ree Pony Creek Lake £ ¤ Platte River Installation £ ¤ Offutt AFB ¬ « Inner Horizontal Surface ¬ « Base Lake Bellevue Approach/Departure Clearance Surface (glide angle) Conical Surface Bellevue 370 Sarpy County Primary Surface Approach/Departure Clearance Surface (horizontal) M Fric d W Cedar Creek Airfield Imaginary Surface er reek k C am Legend Imaginary Surfaces MCA La Vista Schr es tmo nt C ree k k ee Cr Wehrspann Lake 92 ¬ « Lake Manawa Ralston P ¬ « Figure 12 Offutt AFB Imaginary Surfaces Military Compatibility Area 80 192 6. Implementation Plan   § ¦ ¨ Council Bluffs ee es t 80 § ¦ ¨ Elk Creek W 480 B He k § ¦ ¨ § ¦ ¨ Douglas County Cr ee 29 Indian Creek P Di w El m on i lli ap 680 § ¦ ¨ Big 6 £ ¤ tch Creek £ ¤ Boys Town ¬ « 64 ¬ « Omaha 6 6 Pacific Junction 29 § ¦ ¨ Keg Creek Lake Nebraska Iowa ¬ « 385 g Ke e Cr ek Federal Highway State Highway Railroad Runway Sources: Offutt AFB, 2014; Matrix 275Design Group, 2015. £ ¤ 0 1.5 3 Miles Page 45 Pottawattamie County Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study Figure 13 Offutt AFB Land Military Compatibility Area 75 £ ¤ re Mud C Bellevue ek Legend Papillion C ree k Land MCA (1 Mile) ¬ « 370 Installation ¬ « Offutt Air Force Base 370 Betz Road Dit c h Mi s State Boundary u so City included in JLUS ri R Water Body ive r Mills County Fort Crook Cree k River / Creek / Stream Federal Highway State Highway Local Road Railroad Runway Offutt AFB Bellevue Base Lake itted Cre e k Wh Sarpy County Sources: Offutt AFB, 2014; Matrix Design Group, 2015. 75 £ ¤ Nebraska Iowa Page 46 0 ¼ ½ Mile August 2015 Implementation Plan   6. Safety Military Compatibility Area (Figure 9) Noise Military Compatibility Area (Figure 10) The proposed Safety MCA would regulate compatible land use types and  densities / intensities within the Clear Zones (CZs) and Accident Potential  Zones (APZs) I and II of Offutt AFB’s runway.  Each of these would be a  subzone of the Safety MCA.  The current location of each safety subzone is  based on the airfield layout and air operations identified in Offutt AFB’s  AICUZ Report. The boundaries of each subzone may need to be amended  when the AICUZ study is updated.  Noise is often a concern to the public surrounding military installations with  flying missions. The Noise MCA includes all land located off‐installation  within 1992 Offutt AFB noise contours greater than 65 decibels (dB) day‐ night sound level (DNL) associated with military aircraft activities.   Residential developments and other noise‐sensitive land uses within this  MCA may be subject to sound attenuation measures to reduce interior noise  impacts and achieve a maximum interior noise level of 45 dB DNL.  A Safety MCA is needed to prevent the development of incompatible land  uses in areas with the greatest potential for an accident. These safety zones  were identified as a result of the Air Force’s guidance that defines APZs as  areas where an aircraft accident is most likely to occur (in the unlikely event  that one was to occur). The APZs follow departure, arrival, and pattern flight  tracks and are based upon analysis of historical data.  Without a requirement for sound attenuation via building code  requirements, certain uses such as residential, and those that congregate  large groups, including schools, healthcare facilities, and churches, are not  compatible within areas that experience noise levels of 65 dB DNL or  greater. Uses that are compatible within airport noise contours are office /  retail and manufacturing / industrial when interior noise levels are less than  70 dB DNL. Local building codes can be used to ensure that  noise‐attenuation measures are incorporated in all new development within  the Noise MCA.   Within the CZ, most types of land use are incompatible with aircraft  operations. It is recommended that no development be located within CZs.   Compatibility guidelines preclude land uses that concentrate large numbers  of people (such as residences, apartments, hospitals, churches, and schools)  from being constructed within the APZs. While the likelihood of an accident  is remote, the Air Force recommends low density land uses within the APZs  to ensure the maximum protection of public health and property.   Low density single family residential uses (1 to 2 units per acre) can be  compatible when located within APZ II. Other generally compatible uses  include agriculture, limited intensity office / retail, and light industrial.  August 2015 BASH Military Compatibility Area (Figure 11) The proposed Bird / Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) MCA extends from  the airport operational area at Offutt AFB for a radius of five miles. This MCA  is meant to include areas near the airfield with the highest safety concerns if  concentrations of birds or bird‐attractant uses were located there.  Bird  strikes with aircraft can have serious safety concerns, including the potential  for loss of life or aircraft.  Even minor bird strikes can cause costly repairs to  aircraft and interfere with training missions.  The five mile distance  associated with the BASH MCA is a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)  recommended standard for managing bird attractants around runways.    Page 47 Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study Imaginary Surfaces Military Compatibility Area (Figure 12) The purpose of the Imaginary Surfaces MCA is to regulate the height of all  structures and buildings within the area defined by FAA guidance and Air  Force AICUZ instructions known as imaginary surfaces. The imaginary  surfaces are a 3‐D geographic area comprising approach and departure  airspace corridors and safety buffers. Vertical obstruction heights are a  major concern for flight operations and training due to the potential for a  structure to extend into navigable airspace, which could impede safe flight  operations and put both pilots and citizens on the ground at risk of an  aircraft accident. Vertical obstructions that can affect flight safety include,  but are not limited to, cell towers, power lines, wind turbines, buildings, and  trees.  The imaginary surfaces are explained in more detail in Chapter 3,  Offutt AFB Operations in the Background Report.  Land Military Compatibility Area (Figure 13) The Land MCA is designed to capture lands adjacent to Offutt AFB and is  more for awareness purposes to keep landowners informed of the  operations that may impact their quality of life.  The Land MCA includes all  land within one mile of the boundary of Offutt AFB.    Page 48 August 2015 Implementation Plan   How to Read the Implementation Plan The strategies are designed to address the issues identified during  preparation of the JLUS. The purpose of each strategy is to:   avoid future actions, operations, or approvals that would cause a compatibility issue;  eliminate or reduce the adversity of existing compatibility issues where possible, and  provide for enhanced and on‐going communications and collaboration. To make the strategies easier to use, they are presented in a table format  that provides the strategy and information on when and how that strategy  will be implemented.  The strategies are arranged in a table to correspond  with their compatibility factor. The issue within each factor is presented first  to provide a linkage between the strategy and the condition it is intended to  resolve or minimize. Figure 14 highlights the format and content of the  strategy table.  The following paragraphs provide an overview of how to  read the information presented for each strategy in the table.  Issue or Strategy #.  The issue # and strategy # are unique alpha‐numeric  numbers that provide a reference for each specific issue and strategy.  A  strategy’s reference number is composed of the Compatibility Issue number  and this ID (e.g., COM‐1, COM‐1B, etc.).  Military Compatibility Area (MCA).  This column indicates the applicable MCA  in which the strategy should be applied, or if the strategy relates to the  whole JLUS Study Area.  The MCA geographies for the Offutt AFB strategies  are defined in Strategy LU‐2A.  Some of the strategies are designated as  “General”, meaning that they do not have a specific geography associated  with them.  August 2015 6. Strategy.  In bold type is a title that describes the strategy.  This is followed  by the complete strategy statement that describes the recommended  action.  Timeframe.  This column indicates the projected timeframe of each strategy.  The timeframes describe the year in which a strategy will be initiated or if it  is an on‐going action.  Short‐Term  Mid‐Term  Long‐Term  On‐going  Strategy proposed for initiation in 2016 / 2017  (within year of JLUS completion)  Strategy proposed to be initiated in 2018 / 2019  (within 1‐2 years of JLUS completion)  Strategy proposed to be initiated in 2020 / 2022  (3 to 5 years from JLUS completion)  An on‐going implementation action  Responsible Party.  At the right end of the strategy table are a series of  columns, one for each jurisdiction, military entity, agency, and organization  with responsibility for implementing the JLUS strategies.  If an entity has  responsibility relative to implementing a strategy, a mark is shown under  their name.  This mark is one of two symbols that represent their role.  A  solid square () designates that the entity identified is responsible for  implementing the strategy.  A hollow square () designates that the entity  plays a key supporting role, but is not directly responsible for  implementation. The responsible parties are identified by their name or  assigned acronym in the heading at the top of each page.   Page 49 Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study Figure 14.  Page 50 How to Read JLUS Strategies  August 2015 Implementation Plan   6. Other MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA Issue / Strategy City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy ID Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Issues / Strategies by Compatibility Factor (Alphabetized by Factor) AIR QUALITY (AQ) AQ-1 Proposed new ozone standards Proposed new ozone standards may be an issue since the Study Area is close to the new limit. AQ-1A General Air quality monitoring Although not an issue today, it is recommended that all Offutt AFB JLUS partners be aware that air quality needs should be assessed on a continual basis to prevent air quality from becoming an issue in the future and to enact long term preventive measures by maintaining awareness of the different categories of pollutants. Other partners: Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality, Iowa Department of Natural Resources On-going             AQ-1B General Air quality partnerships Mid-term The JLUS Study Area communities should coordinate with Offutt AFB to develop an air quality working group (this could be part of the JLUS Coordination Committee [see Strategy COM-2A]) to enhance partnerships on air quality issues and develop programs for reducing emissions and maintaining levels of attainment. Other partners: Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality, Iowa Department of Natural Resources             August 2015 Page 51 AQ-1C General Investigate higher ozone concentration areas Mid-term Special studies should be performed to investigate higher ozone concentration areas, such as manufacturing and industrial areas. Other partners: Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality, Iowa Department of Natural Resources AQ-1D General Update the 2013 Nebraska Air Quality Report An update to the 2013 Nebraska Air Quality Report is needed in order to identify new ground ozone levels to see if they are in attainment. Other partners: Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality            Mid-term Other MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Issue / Strategy ID Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study   ANTI-TERRORISM / FORCE PROTECTION (AT) AT-1 Future land development could allow line-of-sight views into Offutt AFB Future land development on the south side of the runway, near Harlan Lewis Road and the railroad, could cause security concerns regarding individuals being able to look in on military operations. AT-1A Land  Page 52 Identify locations of critical parcels Offutt AFB should look at developing a list of parcels that, if developed at a certain height, could allow viewing into the base. This should be done to mitigate Anti-terrorism / force protection (AT / FP) encroachment concerns and issues that could result from development occurring at heights that could view into sensitive areas of Offutt AFB. Short-term  August 2015 AT-1B Land Acquisition easements Long-term If any appropriate parcels are identified through Strategy AT-1A, Offutt AFB can consider partnering with conservation groups to purchase easements to protect the land from future incompatible development. Other partners: Back to the River, conservation groups, Greater Omaha Chamber, Economic Development Partnership  AT-1C Land Strategically located screening to protect on-installation assets  Conduct strategic viewshed analysis to prioritize critical view corridors.  Explore alternative and appropriate natural and manmade screening systems to protect sensitive activities and systems within Offutt AFB.  Based on cost, determine appropriate DOD funding sources to implement priority screening areas.  AT-1D Land Anti-Terrorism / Force Protection zoning overlay Long-term The City of Bellevue should consider a zoning overlay around Offutt AFB that limits heights and certain types of uses that could allow viewing into Offutt AFB. Other partners: Land owners / economic developers  AT-1E Land “Eyes” on Offutt Program Sarpy County and the City of Bellevue should work with Offutt AFB to develop a citizen vigilance program to report suspicious activity near Offutt AFB to ensure the security of the base.   August 2015 Mid-term On-going   Other 6. MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Implementation Plan      Page 53 Land AT-2 Hazardous materials pass by Offutt AFB The railroad that passes near the installation sometimes carries hazardous cargo that could impact the base if an accident occurred. AT-2A General Long-term Maintain emergency management plan On-going Offutt AFB should maintain an emergency management plan to respond to a disaster should it occur, including working with local emergency responders and jurisdictions and designating points of contact. Offutt AFB would need to provide all agencies with details on the areas with potential impact concerns and describe the issues regarding the use of the hazardous materials before mitigation plans can be established. Other partners: Burlington Northern Santa Fe and Union Pacific Railroad   Other MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA AT-1F  Page 54 Deterrents along Fort Crook Road and Harlan Lewis Road Offutt AFB should install parking barriers along Fort Crook Road and Harlan Lewis Road to minimize views into the base and protect the base from potential threats. “No Stopping” signage should also be installed along the shoulders. City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Issue / Strategy ID Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study     August 2015 AT-2B General Identify railroad point of contact Short-term Union Pacific Railroad and Burlington Northern Santa Fe should identify and provide contact information that Offutt AFB and local emergency responders can contact to get rail car manifests in the event of an emergency or inquiry so that responders know exactly what is on rail cars. Secondarily, train engineers should share their manifests with local emergency responders during an emergency or accident. Other partners: Burlington Northern Santa Fe and Union Pacific Railroad AT-3 Closure of Bellevue Gate AT / FP response times outside the base are impacted when the Bellevue Gate is closed.   This issue is currently managed and addressed appropriately, and no additional strategies are recommended.  Other 6. MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA Issue / Strategy City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy ID Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Implementation Plan     BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES (BIO) BIO-1 Zebra mussels in Base Lake An infestation of invasive zebra mussels has been introduced into Base Lake and previous eradication measures did not address re-infestations of the species. BIO-1A General  August 2015 Continue zebra mussel eradication project recommendations Offutt AFB should continue to implement the recommendations outlined in the 2009 Zebra Mussel Eradication Project Report and monitor for results. On-going  Page 55 Other MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Issue / Strategy ID Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study BIO-1B General Implement boat inspection program Short-term The boat inspection program proposed by the Nebraska Invasive Species Council (NISC) should be implemented to reduce the spread of zebra mussels and help minimize their populations. Other partners: Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality, Nebraska Invasive Species Council   BIO-1C General Coordination with state for funding Short-term Work with NDEQ and Nebraska Game and Parks Commission to identify potential state or federal funding sources that can be used to treat zebra mussel infestation in Base Lake. Other partners: Papio-Missouri River Natural Resources District, (P-MR NRD) Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality, Nebraska Invasive Species Council   BIO-2 Bird migratory routes Offutt AFB is within an important bird migratory route and many species of birds travel through the region during migration seasons. The presence of birds near the runway and within flight tracks presents potential dangers to pilots and aircraft. BIO-2A BASH  Page 56 Develop and distribute BASH educational materials Short-term Provide educational information to local jurisdictions and agencies in the region relative to reducing the potential for bird and wildlife attractants that may impede safe aircraft operations. Other partners: Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Nebraska Department of Natural Resources, Iowa Department of Natural Resources             August 2015 Other 6. MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Implementation Plan   BIO-2B BASH Control bird and wildlife attractants near base On-going Work directly with local jurisdictions and other appropriate agencies on control of bird and wildlife attractants in the vicinity of the base and within flight paths. Other partners: Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Nebraska Department of Natural Resources, Iowa Department of Natural Resources            BIO-2C BASH BASH consideration in jurisdiction or agency projects On-going All projects sponsored by a local jurisdiction or agency should consider bird attractants and require consultation with Offutt AFB representatives on the review and mitigation of significant direct and indirect bird attractant features that may be generated through the approval of development proposals. Other partners: Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Nebraska Department of Natural Resources, Iowa Department of Natural Resources            BIO-2D BASH Modify zoning regulations for BASH Research and consider modifying zoning regulations and subdivision regulations to address bird attractant potential as part of project design and conditions of approval.           BIO-2E BASH Increase surrounding landowner awareness Mid-term Develop a detailed outreach program to surrounding landowners on the impacts of BASH and outline compatible solutions and techniques to minimize conflicts.            August 2015 Long-term  Page 57 Other MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA Issue / Strategy City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Issue / Strategy ID Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study CLIMATE ADAPTATION (CA) CA-1 Potential wetland flooding at Offutt AFB There are 14 wetlands that cover 147 acres on Offutt AFB that are regulated by the US Army Corp of Engineers (USACE). The base’s location next to the Missouri and Platte Rivers also puts it in proximity to floodzones. During heavy rainfall, this area is prone to flooding, and flooding onto Offutt AFB may cause delays in missions and operations. CA-1A General Floodplain buffers around Offutt AFB On-going Offutt AFB should ensure that floodplain protection buffers are in place around areas that could be impacted by flooding or heavy rainfall. Other partner: Papio-Missouri River Natural Resources District CA-1B General Flood management through zoning The JLUS jurisdictions should ensure that zoning includes appropriate flood management measures so that as development continues, it does not impact flood control.  Page 58              August 2015 Other 6. MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Implementation Plan   CA-2 Recertification is required for the levee system around Offutt AFB Due to changes in the base flood elevation of the Missouri River, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has identified the need to raise the levee between two inches to several feet for it to be capable of protecting the installation. The Papio-Missouri River Natural Resources District (P-MR NRD) has been notified by FEMA, that if the levee is not fixed by 2017, the levee will be de-certified. CA-2A General Look into Readiness and Environmental Protection Integration funding Offutt AFB should work with P-MR NRD to look into utilizing Readiness and Environmental Protection Integration (REPI) funding to purchase easements or land for floodplain protection by expanding the footprints of the levees around Offutt AFB. Other partner: P-MR NRD Mid-term   COORDINATION / COMMUNICATION (COM) COM-1 Lack of public awareness about Offutt AFB mission requirements While there is a good relationship between Offutt AFB and its surrounding communities, there is no formal communication process for informing nearby residents of the activities that occur at the base. This is especially important during unique activities that do not occur on a regular basis, such as emergency management training or disaster simulations. COM-1A General  August 2015 Establish communication procedures for mission activities and changes Offutt AFB should work with the JLUS jurisdictions and relevant agencies to establish procedures for coordination between the base and local jurisdictions / agencies / the public relative to base operations and changes to operations and activities. This will include: Short-term            Page 59 COM-1A (cont’d) Define operations and changes in operations that warrant public knowledge,  Identify points of contact for all coordination,  Establish a formal procedure for responding to comments or questions from jurisdictions and the public,  Establish a standard timeline for responses to address concerns, and  Provide notice to Offutt AFB on all public activities that could impact mission readiness. Consultation is expected to occur on activities in the defined MCAs, the installation should establish contacts and procedures for receiving notices and review opportunities on significant regional projects outside of the MCAs. Procedures should be reviewed annually and updated as appropriate by the JLUS Coordination Committee (see Strategy COM-2A). COM-1B General Encourage use of media methods to disseminate information This information should be made available on Offutt AFB’s website and through other jurisdictions’ public service announcement and media outlets methods. On-going COM-1C General Maintain and continue to utilize social media Offutt AFB should regularly maintain the Offutt AFB Facebook page and other social media pages to disseminate information about base activities and post contact information for visitors to contact the base if they have a question or concern. On-going  Page 60 Other MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Issue / Strategy ID Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study              August 2015 COM-1D General Open house / mission briefings Offutt AFB should conduct regular open houses / mission briefings to various interest groups and jurisdictions in the area to educate the public and businesses about the primary mission of the base including the land needed for the primary mission. On-going  COM-1E General Informational brochure Offutt AFB should develop and distribute an informational brochure describing the Air Force mission and the land needed to effectively conduct the mobilization mission. This brochure should be distributed to all the JLUS jurisdictions’ public offices and be made available for download on the Offutt AFB website. Short-term  COM-1F Good Neighbor Program Offutt AFB should conduct, on a bi-annual basis, a Good Neighbor Program where they send out letters to all adjacent property owners inviting them to a Offutt AFB Neighbor Town Hall meeting to provide a platform for a two-way communication whereby the Air Force informs the neighbors of any upcoming mission changes or operations and maintenance events that may have an impact on the neighbors and whereby the adjacent property owners can provide the Air Force with any issues or questions they may have. This could be coordinated with the Offutt Advisory Committee to get the public involved and informed of the event. Other partner: Offutt Advisory Committee Mid-term  General  August 2015 Other 6. MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Implementation Plan    Page 61 COM-1G General Include AICUZ information on community websites Short-term Update community websites regularly to educate the public on the AICUZ program and inform the public on installation changes that could affect residents. COM-1H General Media announcement of unusual activities On-going When possible, Offutt AFB should prepare a weekly or monthly general schedule of any special or unusual activities or night flying that may be occurring that week / month to be published in local media. COM-1I Links on websites Each of the JLUS communities should include a link to Offutt AFB’s website on their respective websites.  Page 62 General Short-term           Other MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Issue / Strategy ID Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study              August 2015 COM-2 Other 6. MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Implementation Plan   Formalize communication and coordination between Offutt AFB and communities regarding new development There is a need for formal agreements or standard processes for including the Air Force in the review and approval of community development projects proposed within the JLUS Study Area. Although some communication occurs through an informal process, the lack of a designated point of contact and standard process that outlines response times and stakeholder responsibilities have resulted in a nominal response rate. COM-2A General  August 2015 Establish a JLUS Coordination Committee Short-term Establish a JLUS Coordination Committee to maintain efficient and effective coordination among the JLUS partners, oversee the implementation of JLUS recommendations, and enhance long-term coordination on military compatibility issues. This could be integrated into another advisory committee appropriate to the area and issues addressed. The JLUS Coordination Committee should meet on a regular basis as agreed upon by the Committee. To continue the momentum produced through the JLUS process, it is recommended that MAPA be the lead agency on developing and maintaining the JLUS Coordination Committee. Other partners: other agencies, departments, or entities deemed relevant and interested in participating              Page 63 Other MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Issue / Strategy ID Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study COM-2B General Develop a memorandum of understanding (MOU) Short-term The JLUS communities should collaborate through the JLUS Coordination Committee (see Strategy COM-2A) to facilitate the development of a formal MOU that delineates the roles and responsibilities for each agency in the JLUS Study Area. This MOU should contain information such as:  Point of Contact and contact information for each agency,  Role in addressing compatibility issues with the base,  Responsibility in addressing compatibility issues,  Community and military response times, and  Triggers for coordination and communication, e.g., infrastructure planning, water resources planning, economic development, etc. Other partners: other agencies, departments, or entities deemed relevant and interested in participating              COM-2C General Maintain a GIS data clearinghouse On-going The counties and cities in the JLUS Study Area, as well as federal and state agencies and Offutt AFB should work collaboratively to develop a GIS clearinghouse to share GIS data, e.g., military footprints, existing land use, zoning, and other pertinent GIS data, to enable enhanced long-range compatibility planning. In addition, a protocol for accessing and updating the information should be developed to ensure accuracy and appropriate security measures are established. Other partners: federal and state agencies, as appropriate               Page 64 August 2015 COM-2D General Develop a resource management reference guide The JLUS partners should develop a brief reference guide providing information about the various agencies in the JLUS Study Area with their respective responsibilities. This guide should contain:  Map(s) identifying the important resources in the area, and  Contact information for the agency representative that would help in cases of community-military compatibility. Short-term            COM-2E General Prepare and execute an MOU to foster JLUS implementation Short-term Use the MOU as the mechanism to confirm support among all willing jurisdictions / agencies to establish a JLUS Coordination Committee (see Strategy COM-2A).  Representation on the JLUS Coordination Committee should consist of members from agencies represented in the JLUS process with land use authority as well as additional stakeholders, as necessary.  Reexamine membership and composition annually to ensure all stakeholders are represented equally in the implementation of the JLUS. Other partners: other agencies, departments, or entities deemed relevant and interested in participating             August 2015  Other 6. MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Issue / Strategy ID Implementation Plan    Page 65 COM-2F  Page 66 General Incorporate Offutt AFB as one of the agencies that review pre-development applications / proposals Enhance existing or establish an MOU between local jurisdictions and Offutt AFB to formalize a process that provides copies of certain types of development proposals, rezoning, and other land use or regulation changes for lands located within the MCAs to Offutt AFB for review and comment. Such review periods shall conform to existing community review periods for providing comment. This supports a proactive approach for identifying potential conflicts early in the development process. The process of formalizing Offutt AFB review and comment should include:  Definition of project types that require review  Definition of project types that require military attendance at pre-application meetings  Identification of the points of contact for all coordination  Establishing a formal procedure for requesting and receiving comments  Establishing a standard timeline for responses, keeping in mind mandated review time periods as specified by state law and local procedures  Providing notice to the military on all public hearings regarding projects identified for coordination Procedures should be reviewed annually and updated as appropriate by the JLUS Coordination Committee (see Strategy COM-2A). Short-term           Other MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Issue / Strategy ID Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study  August 2015 COM-2G General Review of military planning documents Offutt AFB should provide public versions of key planning documents for review and comment prior to finalization. Key planning documents could include the following (list to be finalized by the JLUS Coordination Committee [see Strategy COM-2A] and Offutt AFB):  AICUZ and other noise studies  Other documents as appropriate, and when agreed to be used for official use only Short-term            COM-2H General Establish internal information liaisons Each jurisdiction and Offutt AFB should, if they do not already, identify an internal liaison within their organization that is responsible for relaying information from outside parties to their organization to ensure that all entities are aware of pertinent information and information does not stop at one person. Short-term            COM-2J Public-Public and Public-Private partnerships Short-term Offutt AFB should work with the JLUS communities to utilize and enhance Public-Public and Public-Private partnership mechanisms.            General  August 2015 Other 6. MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Implementation Plan   Page 67 Other MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA Issue / Strategy City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Issue / Strategy ID Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study DUST / SMOKE / STEAM (DSS) DSS-1 Burning of native prairie Controlled burns of native prairie near Offutt AFB may impact pilot visibility. DSS-1A General DSS-2 Potential industrial development south of Offutt AFB The land south of Offutt AFB could be developed with industrial uses that may impact pilot visibility. Communication on planned burns On-going Entities that oversee or conduct planned controlled burns, such as Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Nebraska Department of Natural Resources, and Iowa Department of Natural Resources, should coordinate with Offutt AFB when they are planning burns within five miles of Offutt AFB to determine if the burn would interfere with Offutt AFB operations at the planned time. Other partners: Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Nebraska Department of Natural Resources, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, local fire departments   See Strategy COM-2F  Page 68 August 2015 Other 6. MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA Issue / Strategy City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy ID Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Implementation Plan   ENERGY DEVELOPMENT (ED) ED-1 Potential wind farm development in the region could interfere with military devices / operations Areas proximate to Offutt AFB have been identified by wind farm developers as an area of interest for potential alternative energy projects. The siting of wind farms within 10-30 miles of Offutt AFB could result in impacts to Air Force systems and operations, particularly communication infrastructure and frequency interference. ED-1A MCAOD Update comprehensive / master plans for military Long-term compatibility The jurisdictions should consider updating their comprehensive plans to incorporate military compatibility policies for the renewable energy development industry to ensure the jurisdictions and other relevant agencies are included in potential development discussions. Offutt AFB should be included in such discussions as well.           ED-1B General Coordinate with DOD Siting Clearinghouse The DOD Siting Clearinghouse requirements and standards published in Title 32, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 211 shall advise and guide the process to facilitate the early submission of renewable energy project proposals to the Clearinghouse for military mission compatible review. Amend applicable local planning documents (general plans, regional plans, renewable energy regulations) to incorporate policies and procedures for coordinating alternative energy development applications with the DOD Siting Clearinghouse. To the extent possible, coordinate renewable energy development with the DOD Clearinghouse to ensure            August 2015 On-going  Page 69 ED-1B (cont’d) Other compatibility with Offutt AFB’s operations. If JLUS communities become aware of any wind energy development projects, they should get contact information for the developer and inform them of the need to coordinate with the DOD Clearinghouse. ED-1C General Identify and map locations suitable for wind energy Long-term development Identify and publish locations for alternative energy development that are ideal for wind developers as well as compatibility with military operations. Develop a "Red, Yellow, Green" map that communicates and illustrates specific locations where structures that exceed a mutually agreed upon height should be prohibited to avoid incompatibility Offutt AFB operations.            ED-1D General Coordinate with wind developers to reach an agreement that Mid-term supports wind energy and military missions Seek local support to develop agreements between the military, JLUS communities, and wind energy developers that can be used to support wind projects by identifying conditions that will allow for mission sustainment and economic feasibility of proposed projects.            ED-2 Potential solar development in the region could impact pilot visibility Certain types of solar energy systems could interfere with pilot visibility if they are located in areas that cause glare or reflection into flight paths. ED-2A MCAOD     Page 70 MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Issue / Strategy ID Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study Regulations for non-reflective panels Long-term The JLUS communities should update their zoning codes to require that panels within five miles of Offutt AFB be constructed with non-reflective technology.         August 2015 ED-2B MCAOD No solar concentration Long-term The JLUS communities should consider ordinances that regulate the concentration of commercial solar energy systems within five miles of Offutt AFB.            ED-2C MCAOD Develop solar siting guidelines Long-term Develop guidelines for proper siting and use of appropriate solar technologies near airfields, flight corridors, and beneath military airspace that include:  updating zoning ordinances to specify non-reflective panels for non–residential applications and  requiring timely review and coordination by the Air Force prior to permit approval.            Other 6. MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Implementation Plan   See Strategies ED-1A and ED-1B  August 2015 Page 71 Other MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Issue / Strategy ID Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study FREQUENCY SPECTRUM CAPACITY (FSC) FSC-1 Data bandwidth usage The 55th Wing, STRATCOM, and the 557th Weather Wing are all heavily dependent on data bandwidth. FSC-1A General Regional coordination on future needs Offutt AFB, the JLUS jurisdictions, and the federal government should coordinate on future data bandwidth needs to ensure there is sufficient capacity for the future. Other partners: Chamber of Commerce, FCC, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, Office of Spectrum Management, Federal Aviation Administration Spectrum Engineering Services Office Short-term              FREQUENCY SPECTRUM IMPEDANCE / INTERFERENCE (FSI) FSI-1 Local radio stations may cause interference with Offutt AFB operations There is a potential for radio frequency interference, including the local KIMI radio station, to interfere with operations at Offutt AFB or aircraft instrumentation if they are on a similar frequency to one used by the base. FSI-1A General  Page 72 Refer applications and permit requests Refer any applications or requests for a communications tower or radio transmitting use within 10 miles of Offutt AFB to the base for review. On-going            August 2015 FSI-2 Growing communities and increased usage of electronic devices could interfere with military frequencies As communities grow around Offutt AFB and its off-site remote transmitter sites, Elkhorn and Scribner, there is likely to be an increase in wireless devices and other types of devices that may pose frequency interference concerns for Offutt AFB operations. FSI-2A General Develop informational brochure Mid-term Offutt AFB should consider developing an informational brochure about the frequency interference impacts. The brochure should be distributed to public offices of jurisdictions, available on the Offutt AFB website, and made available in hard copy for open houses and other mission briefings.  FSI-2B General Acquire and improve RF spectrum analysis technology devices Pursue acquisition and development of “RF spectrum analyzer” technologies used to detect interference between frequency bands. This tool can be used to identify interference from on‐ installation sources including military and public/commercial users.  FSI-2C General Ensure compatible frequencies On-going The Federal Communications Commission is the government entity responsible for managing frequency usage. The military is assigned certain frequencies to use that generally do not interfere with civilian uses. The continued usage of only assigned frequencies should ensure no interference between military and civilian uses. Other Partner: Federal Communications Commission.  August 2015 Long-term  Other 6. MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Implementation Plan    Page 73 Other MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Issue / Strategy ID Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study See Strategy FSC-1A HOUSING AVAILABILITY (HA) HA-1 Housing options for Offutt AFB personnel Local jurisdictions’ growth policies do not specifically address military workforce housing needs and the military has not provided adequate information on housing demand by location. HA-1A General Inform communities of Air Force housing needs Short-term Offutt AFB should work with the local communities to provide them information on where personnel that work at Offutt AFB live and provide them information on personnel housing needs within the communities.            HA-1B General Update housing elements and plans Long-term The JLUS communities should update their housing elements within their comprehensive plans to incorporate a more realistic set of numbers (provided by Offutt AFB) associated with the demand from Offutt AFB personnel and military families who live in the communities. The numbers should include current occupancy rates and waiting list rates. This will enable a more accurate picture of need relative to housing needs in this area for this particular group.             Page 74 August 2015 HA-1C General Inform communities about Offutt AFB housing services Offutt AFB should inform local realtor associations about its housing services and how new personnel are informed of local housing options, in order to promote housing in local communities. Other partners: Omaha Area Board of Realtors, Southwest Iowa Association of Realtors Short-term            Other 6. MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Implementation Plan    INFRASTRUCTURE EXTENSIONS (IE) IE-1 Infrastructure improvements / extensions may induce growth close to Offutt AFB The new US Highway 34 extension may provide mutual benefits for connecting surrounding counties but also has the potential to induce heavy traffic due to an increase in capacity. The completion of Highway 34 corridor may spur new development south of Offutt AFB, most likely industrial, which may be incompatible with the base’s operations or pose safety concerns for the aircraft. The extension of additional / new services to the base could create the potential for growth inducement in areas subject to impacts from Offutt AFB activities and operations. IE-1A MCAOD Monitor development or increase in usage of Highway 34 Offutt AFB should work with Sarpy County and Mills County to monitor increases in usage of Highway 34 and identify any proposed development or land transactions in the area south of Offutt AFB. IE-1B MCAOD Encourage compatible land development On-going Work with Chamber of Commerce to promote and encourage economic development along Highway 34 that is compatible with Offutt AFB operations. Other partners: Chambers of Commerce  August 2015 On-going       Page 75 Other MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA Issue / Strategy City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Issue / Strategy ID Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study See Strategy COM-2F LAND / AIR / SEA SPACES (LAS) LAS-1 Non-military drones Due to the lack of coordination with the FAA and / or Offutt AFB, non-military drones could interfere with military operations at Offutt AFB. LAS-1A Imaginary Surfaces Enforcement and fines Work with the FAA to look into developing an enforcement and fine program for unauthorized drone usage. Other partner: FAA Mid-term LAS-1B Imaginary Surfaces Develop information on usage Offutt AFB should work with the FAA to develop information on proper usage of drones near Offutt AFB Other partner: FAA Mid-term LAS-1C Imaginary Surfaces Enact drone ordinances The JLUS jurisdictions should work with their respective State Legislations to consider enacting drone ordinances that dictate where and how drones can be used, based on the outcome of LAS-1B. Other partners: Nebraska State Legislation, Iowa State Legislation Long-term  Page 76                          August 2015 LAS-2 Potential for runway expansion Due to topographic features on the north end of the runway and the need for runway over runs, there is a desire to expand the runway to the southeast to protect future operations and missions. This would require additional standoff distances outside the current base boundaries. LAS-2A Safety Look into possibility of land acquisition Offutt AFB should look into the possibility of land acquisition to expand the runway to the southeast (runway and Clear Zone area). Long-term LAS-2B Safety Protect potential future safety zone areas The City of Bellevue, Sarpy County, and Mills County should include a zoning overlay to protect potential expanded Clear Zones and Accident Potential Zones based on potential future expansion of the runway. Long-term LAS-2C Safety Relocation of railroad tracks Long-term Offutt AFB, the City of Bellevue, and Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad should discuss the possibility of relocating the existing railroad tracks around the east side of Base Lake so that it is far enough away to be able to expand the runway and still maintain the necessary standoff distance for safety. Other partner: Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad  August 2015 Other 6. MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Implementation Plan             Page 77 Other MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA Issue / Strategy City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Issue / Strategy ID Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study LAND USE (LU) LU-1 Offutt AFB AICUZ Study land use recommendations adoption Not all of the communities around Offutt AFB utilize the AICUZ recommendations for land use development in aircraft operational areas, which may allow for incompatible development to occur in some areas. LU-1A MCAOD Update plans and amend regulations with AICUZ recommended land uses The JLUS jurisdictions should update comprehensive plans and amend zoning regulations to incorporate the AICUZ recommended land uses in the safety and noise zones. Long-term    LU-1B MCAOD Update local jurisdiction comprehensive plans to include Long-term military compatibility policies that support and promote compatible land uses Update and adopt the jurisdiction’s future land use map, and supportive goals, objectives, and policies that encourage a compatible land use pattern for new development and appropriate capital improvement investments. Include Offutt AFB as one of the stakeholders in the development of the plan.    LU-1C MCAOD Update local jurisdiction zoning regulations Update zoning map and zoning regulations to be consistent with any changes or updates that may have occurred to the future land use plan / comprehensive plan as part of LU-1B.     Page 78 Long-term August 2015 Other 6. MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Implementation Plan   LU-1D MCAOD Ensure Federal Aviation Regulation Part 77 compliance On-going For all new, redeveloped or rehabilitated structures (including electrical transmission towers/lines, cellular and radio transmission towers, etc.), ensure compliance with Federal Aviation Regulation Part 77 height limit requirements to minimize vertical obstructions (e.g., buildings, telecommunications facilities, recreational facilities, energy transmission/generation towers, etc.). In addition, ensure the developments and structures are compatible with, and do not pose a safety hazard to, air operations in the region.            LU-1E MCAOD Establish state legislation Long-term The JLUS communities should work with the Nebraska and Iowa Legislatures to look into the possibility of establishing state legislation that requires adherence to AICUZ recommendations. Other partners: Nebraska and Iowa Legislature            LU-2 Additional growth near military operating areas may impair the use of Offutt AFB aviation assets Undeveloped land in the vicinity of Offutt AFB, such as within the approach and departure corridors, has the potential to be developed with incompatible uses that could impact the ability to safely carry out missions. LU-2A MCAOD  August 2015 Define and establish Military Compatibility Areas Create a Military Compatibility Area Overlay District (MCAOD) containing Military Compatibility Areas (MCAs) that reflect the types and intensity of compatibility issues. The MCAOD is the collective geographic area of all of the MCAs combined. The MCAs should be used by local jurisdictions to identify areas where specific compatibility issues are more likely to occur. Mid-term              Page 79 LU-2A (cont’d)  Page 80 Other MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Issue / Strategy ID Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study Implementation of the MCAOD and associated strategies for these zones will:  Create a broader framework for making sound planning decisions around military airfields  More accurately identify areas that can affect or be affected by military missions  Protect the public’s health, safety, and welfare  Protect the military missions  Create a compatible mix of land uses  Promote an orderly transition and rational organization of land use around military airfields The MCAs are defined as follows:  MCA-Safety – Includes the Clear Zone (CZ) and Accident Potential Zones (APZs) I and II  MCA-Noise – Includes areas within the 65 dB contour for aircraft noise, as identified by the 1992 Air Installation Compatible Use Zone (AICUZ) Report  MCA-BASH – Includes an area within 5 miles of the airport operational area at Offutt AFB, an area where the majority of bird strikes are statistically likely to happen  MCA-Imaginary Surfaces – Includes land under the imaginary surfaces for the runway at Offutt AFB  MCA-Land – Composed of a one-mile buffer around the boundary of Offutt AFB  MCAOD – This is made up of the outermost boundary August 2015 LU-2A (cont’d) LU-2B Other 6. MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Implementation Plan   of all the MCAs. General – This has no geographic area associated with it, but is included for general strategies To assist in this effort, geographic information system (GIS) files of these boundaries can be obtained from the Metropolitan Area Planning Agency (MAPA) following finalization of this JLUS and approval of these MCAs. Updates to the data relative to noise contours shall be provided by Offutt AFB as a result of significant changes that support a public release of an updated AICUZ Study. Where appropriate, the jurisdictions should incorporate the MCAOD and MCA boundaries on their zoning map and future land use maps and include the zones on their websites for easy access by the public.  MCAODs  August 2015 Maintenance and Update of MCAs Offutt AFB should provide updated information to the JLUS Coordination Committee (see Strategy COM-2A) when changes in operations or circumstances result in the need to update or modify one of the MCA boundaries. The JLUS Coordination Committee will be responsible for making a recommendation to members to incorporate these changes into appropriate plans, regulations, and policies. On-going            Page 81 Other MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Issue / Strategy ID Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study LU-2C MCAOD Prepare and execute a formal notification MOU for Short-term development proposals Utilize the MOU to identify and describe a formal development notification process among the JLUS jurisdictions and Offutt AFB and outline the stage in the development coordination process timeline where a formal response is required by Offutt AFB. LU-2D General Economic development marketing Short-term Develop economic development marketing guidelines that identify the type of industries that are compatible with Offutt AFB mission and the type of industries that are not compatible with the military mission. Other partners: Chambers of commerce   LU-2E MCAOD US Army Corps of Engineer lands transfer to Offutt AFB On-going If the US Army Corps of Engineers ever releases their ownership on land adjacent to Offutt AFB in the future, the land should be transferred to the Air Force for continued protection. Other partner: US Army Corps of Engineers   LU-2F MCAOD Land uses on US Army Corps of Engineer property Land uses on US Army Corps of Engineers-owned property should be regulated to minimize, to the extent possible, birdattracting uses. Other partner: US Army Corps of Engineers    Page 82 On-going            August 2015 Other 6. MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA Issue / Strategy City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy ID Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Implementation Plan   LEGISLATIVE INITIATIVES (LEG) LEG-1 Multiple jurisdictional authority on portions of Offutt AFB There are multiple jurisdictional authorities on portions of Offutt AFB in the northwest corner that place the area under legal jurisdiction of the Sarpy County authorities. LEG-1A General Proprietary jurisdiction Short-term Sarpy County and Offutt AFB should develop a memorandum of understanding to give Offutt AFB proprietary jurisdiction over law enforcement of the land located on Offutt AFB.   LEG-1B General Transfer jurisdiction to Offutt AFB Sarpy County should complete steps to legally transfer jurisdiction of the land to Offutt AFB.   LEG-2 Drop in the percentage of military children enrolled in Bellevue School District schools The reduction in the percentage of military student enrollment within Bellevue schools is due to an increase in civilian students causing a reduction in percentage of military students and alternate housing options for military families outside of Bellevue. The reduction of percentage of military students has resulted in Bellevue no longer being defined as a “highly impacted” community for military students and decreased the Bellevue budget by $5 million dollars, which may cause future constraints that will impact classroom sizes and availability of new supplies. Mid-term See Strategies HA-1B and HA-1C  August 2015 Page 83 Other MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Issue / Strategy ID Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study LIGHT AND GLARE (LG) LG-1 Lighting impacts from future development around Offutt AFB Increased development around Offutt AFB may include lighting systems that are incompatible with nighttime operations at the base. LG-1A General  Page 84 Dark Skies Ordinances Long-term The City of Bellevue and Mills County should consider adopting “Dark Skies” ordinances (or including these concepts into their existing regulations) that minimize urban sky glow and the potential for light trespass onto adjacent properties. Develop specific zoning regulations for light encroachment issues adjacent to the installation boundary. Develop standard conditions of approval to protect night skies from significant increases in ambient light and glare. This includes designs that ensure lighting is limited to illuminating the site in question (no spill over lighting), no uplighting, require specific siting locations of lighting fixtures so wasted light is not reflected upwards, and lighting should be designed to direct light downward and fixtures be shielded. The lighting ordinance should also include regulation of lighting such as LED billboards in important flight paths and the approach and departure corridors. Lastly, the ordinance should include more strict guidelines within the Offutt AFB runway approach patterns.    August 2015 Other 6. MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA Issue / Strategy City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy ID Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Implementation Plan   NOISE (NOI) NOI-1 Noise from aircraft operations The aircraft operations that occur at Offutt AFB produce noise that can be heard outside the boundaries of the base, within surrounding communities. NOI-1A Noise Update comprehensive plans and amend zoning regulations Long-term for noise attenuation standards Sarpy County and Mills County should update their comprehensive plans and amend their zoning regulations to comply with the recommended guidelines from the 1992 Offutt AFB AICUZ noise contours (Bellevue uses the previous 1992 contours, which should be the basis used by other communities). NOI-1B Noise Amend building codes Amend the Building Code to require sound attenuation to achieve an interior noise level of 45 dB for any new buildings or significant changes or additions to current buildings located within the 65 dB or louder noise contours. Long-term NOI-1C Noise Involve JLUS communities staff in AICUZ revisions Staff from the JLUS communities within noise contours should be consulted in any AICUZ updates to determine actual incompatibility of existing structures in noise zones based on densities and construction methods used. On-going  August 2015          Page 85 Other MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA Issue / Strategy City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Issue / Strategy ID Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study ROADWAY CAPACITY (RC) RC-1 Potential increase in employee traffic following the completion of the STRATCOM building When it is completed, Offutt AFB’s new STRATCOM building may increase the amount of traffic outside the STRATCOM Gate, which may impact local civilian traffic. RC-1A Land Access planning Mid-term If queuing has potential to back up onto major arterials, develop alternative strategies that can reduce traffic at peak hours, such as:  Allowing personnel access while controlling civilian and visitor access,  Staggered work reporting times,  Alternative gate access points for specific types of traffic,  Main gate design improvements, and  Right-of-way acquisition for intersection improvements. RC-1B Land Conduct traffic impact analysis Offutt AFB should work with the Nebraska Department of Transportation, City of Bellevue, and Sarpy County to develop a traffic impact analysis to quantify impacts from increased traffic and future Level of Service along Fort Crook Road and Capehart Road. Other partner: Nebraska Department of Roads  Page 86      August 2015 RC-1C Land Review Offutt AFB gate access After the STRATCOM building is completed, review Offutt AFB access gate operations and hours, and consider adjusting operations to maximize gate efficiency. Mid-term RC-1D General Promote carpool programs Offutt AFB should promote and incentivize park-and-ride and carpool programs to reduce the number of vehicles entering through the gates during heavy traffic times. Short-term RC-1E General Continue Staggered work shift starts Long-term STRATCOM and Offutt AFB should continue to utilize and optimize staggered work shift start times to spread out the number of personnel coming onto Offutt AFB and reduce vehicle volumes during peak traffic times. RC-1F Land Perform a traffic study When the new STRATCOM facility becomes operational and traffic patterns on-base change, Offutt AFB should perform a traffic evaluation study on-base to see the actual impacts of the increased vehicle volume and the average wait time for vehicles in the queue. Follow-up to this would be the establishment of triggers that when a certain threshold of wait time is reached, additional actions are considered to reduce vehicle volumes at any given time.  August 2015 Long-term Other 6. MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Implementation Plan                   Page 87 RC-1G General Bicycle facility enhancements Offutt AFB should enhance its bicycle facilities and include more bicycle options and incentives for personnel to travel to work by bike to encourage reduction of vehicles. This could include a dedicated bike lane at the gate, increased bike parking, and a biking rewards program that provides items such as meal vouchers or other incentives. Mid-term  RC-1H General Bicycle ride share program If the need arises, Offutt AFB should look into the possibility of establishing a bike share program, where users can rent or check out a bike for a duration and return it, either to the same location, or to another bike share lot. Mid-term  RC-2 Highway projects may increase commuting traffic from areas south of Offutt AFB The expansion of Highway 75 and completion of Highway 34 may cause an increase in traffic from employees commuting to Offutt AFB from Plattsmouth, Buccaneer Bay, Beaver Lake, Glenwood, and other areas south of the base. Other MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA Issue / Strategy City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Issue / Strategy ID Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study This issue is currently managed and addressed appropriately, and no additional strategies are recommended. SAFETY ZONES (SA) SA-1 Habitat for wildlife surrounding Offutt AFB Vegetation and water sources, including the Schilling Wildlife Management Area, Gifford Point Wildlife Management Area, Base Lake, Catfish Lake, Platte River, and Missouri River nearby Offutt AFB can promote nesting habitats for birds and pose a safety hazard for flight operations. See Strategies BIO-2A, BIO-2B, BIO-2C, BIO-2D, and BIO-2E  Page 88 August 2015 SA-2 Other 6. MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA Issue / Strategy City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy ID Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Implementation Plan   Existing uses in runway safety zones There are some incompatible uses that currently exist within the runway safety zones that were established prior to the AICUZ zoning overlay. This issue is currently managed and addressed appropriately, and no additional strategies are recommended. VERTICAL OBSTRUCTIONS (VO) VO-1 Height of nearby trees Tree height obstructions are a concern for the air operations at Offutt AFB. VO-1A Imaginary Surfaces VO-2 Height of future development Lands within the airfield imaginary surfaces have the potential for development that is taller than the recommended heights and may be incompatible. VO-2A Imaginary Surfaces  August 2015 Develop tree height regulations ordinance The City of Bellevue should develop an ordinance to maintain tree heights within the vicinity of Offutt AFB to ensure safe operations. Mid-term Amend zoning for imaginary surfaces heights and slopes Long-term The jurisdictions in the JLUS Study Area should amend zoning documents to comply with FAA and Air Force vertical obstruction guidelines, more specifically with the FAA imaginary surfaces associated with Offutt AFB’s airfield. These surfaces are more restrictive and provide for greater safety of the public, pilots, and aircraft. The imaginary surfaces include slopes and heights that are allowable from various distances from the airfield. The zoning documents should incorporate the slopes and heights associated with each imaginary surface.              Page 89 VO-2B Imaginary Surfaces Discourage placement of tall structures within safety flight corridors The JLUS jurisdictions should discourage placement of cell towers, above-ground electrical transmission lines, wind turbines, and other structures with heights exceeding 200 feet from locating in an area that obstructs approach and departure corridors. On-going VO-2C Imaginary Surfaces Foster enhanced public awareness of military flight paths through accurate mapping Provide an accurate electronic map of the flight paths utilized by Offutt AFB for inclusion on applicable planning efforts to any of the surrounding local, county, regional and state governments that formally request them and agree to use them for official use only. Mid-term VO-2D Imaginary Surfaces Ensure FAA Part 77 compliance For all new, redeveloped or rehabilitated structures (including electrical transmission towers/lines, cellular and radio transmission towers, etc.), ensure compliance with FAA Part 77 height limit requirements to minimize vertical obstructions (e.g., buildings, telecommunications facilities, recreational facilities, energy transmission/generation towers, etc.). In addition, ensure the developments and structures are compatible with, and do not pose a safety hazard to, air operations in the region. Other partners: Omaha Public Power District, Nebraska Public Power District, Iowa Public Power District On-going  Page 90           Other MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Issue / Strategy ID Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study              August 2015 Other 6. MAPA Offutt AFB Sarpy County, NE Pottawattamie County, IA Mills County, IA Douglas County, NE Cass County, NE City of Plattsmouth, NE City of Omaha, NE City of Glenwood, IA City of Council Bluffs, IA City of Bellevue, NE Issue / Strategy Issue / Strategy ID Issue / Strategy ID Military Compatibility Area (MCA) Implementation Plan   WATER QUALITY / QUANTITY (WQQ) WQQ-1 Missouri River management in the Upper Basin Entities that are responsible for managing the Upper Basin of the Missouri River and releasing water from dams upriver should coordinate with Offutt AFB and local jurisdictions to minimize flooding concerns. WQQ-1A General Develop a comprehensive and integrated flood management Long-term plan Offutt AFB should work with the JLUS jurisdictions and other agencies to develop a comprehensive and integrated flood management plan to identify:  Areas where the majority of flooding occurs,  Causes of flooding—inadequate infrastructure, upstream infrastructure, etc.  Procedures to prevent and manage flooding on-base, and  Roles and responsibility in flood management. Other partners: P-MR NRD, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Back to the River                      August 2015   Page 91 Offutt Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study     Please see the next page.   Page 92 August 2015