Irwin, Stacy From: Sent To: Cc: Subject: Attachments: Amanda, Garman, Kate Tuesday, October 16, 2018 11:41 AM Hohlfeld, Amanda Gilliss, Edie;Ranganathan. Shefali;Thompson, Adrienne;Brinson, Leslie;B air, Kyla Memo for Mayor?s Book Today: TNC Briefing Policy Briefing Book Cover Page.TNC.10.15.2018.docx; Information Policy Decision Memo Template. TNC.10.15.2018 .docx; Mayoral Memo TNC 10~15?18 Appendix Spending Plan Final.docx; Center City Map.pdf; City TNC Fee and Tax Chartdocx Please find attached documents needed for the Mayor's book today. Thank you! Kate 9 Kate Garman Technology Policy Advisor (She/Her/Hers) Office of Mayor Jenny A. Durkan 1 City of Seattle M: 206-375-0458 kate.garman@seattle.gov Facebook Twitter Subscribe to Mayor Durkan's E-Newsletter 001 City of Seattle I I I Mayor Jenny A. Durkan POLICY BRIEFING To: Mayor Jenny A. Durkan From: Kate Garman Edie Gilliss Subject: TNC Tax Date: 10/15/2018 Expected Attendees at Brie?ng: 0 Shefali Ranganathan, Deputy Mayor - Edie Gilliss, Policy Director 0 Kate Garman, Technology Policy Advisor 0 Leslie Brinson, Homelessness Policy Advisor 0 E-Team members 002 003 l; P?vatawabredgn?thpublicm Comm?: public mm edge a mama: ijact lam-m - Seam Park: Dept Park Parks Not Mugged by Same Pirks Dept. a Green In? within Pals: Hm Managed by Seam Parks new. Capitol Lim?wm Hill City of Seattle Mayor Jenny A. Durkan (in To: Mayor Jenny A. Durkan Date: October 15, 2018 Subject: TNC Tax From: Kate Garman Edie Gilliss Purpose: YOU have an in person brie?ng scheduled with the members of your staff working on the TNC Tax. Background: In 2017, TNCs reported a total of 20.4 million tri in all Seattle zi codes 46% from 2016 trips. 004 City of Seattle I Mayor Jenny A. Durkan Ci. Apgendix - TNC Taxes Fees in other Cities 0 Map of Center City - Spending Plan Proposal 005 Transportation Network Company City/State Tax Fee Activity Fee or Tax Year Most Recent Action Estimated Revenue What the revenue is going toward Passed Chicago $0.67 fee per ride, First approved In 2015, for the The original $0.52 will 5.72 in 2019 in 2015 at City?s General Fund. continue to go to the $0.52, a $0.15 2017 Revenue expected General Fund and cent increase to be Accessibility Fund for approved in vehicles accessible to Nov 2017 to CTA in 2018, wheelchairs, additional to CTA in 2019 increase of $0.15 to go toward the Chicago Transit Authority Massachusetts $0.20 tax 2016 in 2017 50/50 Earmarked for transportation projects and to help the taxi industry adapt to new technologies and provide job training New York City Tax per ride in April 2018 Could generate up to Going toward the subway Manhattan geofence: passed at state per year system $2.50 on yellow taxis level $2.75 on other for- hire, including TNCs $0.75 for car pool/shared rides Philadelphia 1.4% tax 2016 for public schools, to enforcement and regulation of TNCs San Francisco 3.25 tax to single-use July 31, 2018 per year Transportation rides; 1.5% tax rate infrastructure and to shared carpool; AV operations throughout the would be City; revenue remitted by included in the tax the San Francisco County Transportation Authority Washington DC 6% tax on revenue July 2018 per year Revenue will go toward funding the District Metro. Note: the 6% rate now puts taxis and at the same tax and fee level By: Kate Garman September 5, 2018 006 Irwin, Stacy From: Garman, Kate Sent: . Tuesday, October 16, 2018 11:18 AM To: Gilliss, Edie Subject: Mayoral Memo TNC 10-15-18 Appendix Spending Planeg ed at kg edits Attachments: Mayoral Memo TNC 10-15-18 Appendix Spending Planeg ed at kg edits.docx New language italicized below. 009 Irwin, Stacy From: Thompson, Adrienne Sent: Monday, October 15, 2018 4:20 PM To: Gilliss, Edie;Garman, Kate;Ranganathan, Shefali Subject: RE: Feedback needed! Attachments: Mayoral Memo TNC 10?15?18 Appendix Spending Planeg edits at editsdocx Here is some feedback. Adrienne From: Gilliss, Edie Sent: Monday, October 15, 2018 2:57 PM To: Garman, Kate Thompson, Adrienne Ranganathan, Shefali Subject: Feedback needed! Hi all: 4. We need to get this in the Mayor?s book tomorrow by noon! Thanks, All. 012 Irwin, Stacy From: Garman, Kate Sent: Monday, October 15, 2018 1:44 PM To: Gilliss, Edie Subject: FW: TNC memo to the Mayor: Due by Monday 11AM Attachments: Preliminary Transportation Spend Full memo for SDOT Spend plan. From: Corey, Evan Sent: Monday, October 15, 2018 10:39 AM To: German, Kate Laird, Linea Adkins, Genesee Rula, Kelly Cc: VanValkenburgh, Cristina Melanson, Karen Subject: RE: TNC memo to the Mayor: Due by Monday 11AM Hi Kate, Attached is the one-page transportation spend plan. Let us know if you have any questions. Evan Corey Costagliola New Mobility Program Manager O: 206?684-4653 M: 206-472-3905 From: Garman, Kate Sent: Sunday, October 14, 2018 5:16 PM To: Laird, Linea Adkins, Genesee Corey, Evan Rula, Kelly Subject: RE: TNC memo to the Mayor: Due by Monday 11AM All, I think i caught you in time Friday evenin Evan and Kell . From: Garman, Kate Sent: Friday, October 12, 2018 4:33 PM 015 To: Laird, Linea Adkins, Genesee Corey, Evan Rula, Kelly Subject: TNC memo to the Mayor: Due by Monday 11AM Importance: High All, Thank you for all of your work and contribution to the TNC discussion. Truly, it?s a lot ofthe work that is at the center of this conversation. Unfortunately have an ask with a quick turn around time. The attached memo is what we will be sendin to the Ma ?lTheretore. i ask the-{you get this to me bv 11 AM on Monday. I?ll be working over the weekend, so I?m happy to answer any questions you may have. Thankyou! Kate 016 Irwin, Stacy From: Garman, Kate Sent: Sunday, October 14, 2018 5:14 PM To: Emerson, George;Brinson, Leslie;Hennes, David Cc: Noble, Ben Subject: RE: Information Policy Decision Memo Template. TNC.10.12.2018 Attachments: Information Policy Decision Memo Template. TNC.10.15.2018 .docx George, Leslie- updated memo attached. From: Emerson, George Sent: Friday, October 12, 2018 5:35 PM To: Garman, Kate Brinson, Leslie Hennes, David Cc: Noble, Ben Subject: RE: Information Policy Decision Memo Template. TNC.10.12.2018 Kate, George Emerson City Budget Office 018 From: Garman, Kate Sent: Friday, October 12, 2018 5:10 PM To: Brinson, Leslie Hennes, David Emerson, George Cc: Nobie, Ben Subject: information Poiicy Decision Memo Template. TNC.10.12.2018 Importance: High All- Please find attached the draft memo that wiil go into the Mayor?s book on Monday at noon. Of course this deadline is too short. I ask that any last revisions be given to me by 11AM on Monday. THANK 019 City of Seattle Mayor Jenny A. Durkan Cl To: Mayor Jenny A. Durkan Date: October 1 1, 2018 Subject: TNC Tax From: Kate Garman Edie Gilliss Purpose: YOU have an in person brie?ng scheduled with the members of your staff working on the TNC Tax. Background: In 2017, TNCs reported a total of 20.4 million tri in all Seattle zi codes 46% from 2016 trips. 020 City of Seattle i Mayor Jenny A. Durkan Appendix 0 TNC Taxes Fees in other Cities 0 Map of Center City Spending Plan Proposal 0 Communications plan 021 Irwin, Stacy From: Sent To: Subject: Attachments: Garman, Kate Thursday, October 11, 2018 1:02 PM Finn Coven, Jessica;Laird, Linea;Lee, Glen;Brinson, Leslie;Thompson, Adrienne;Blair, Kyla;Emerson, George;Hennes, David TNC Briefing Materials E-Team Briefing Agenda 10-11-18.docx; TNC 2018 Policy Timelinepdf FYI please let me know ASAP if you have any suggested modifications. If you can make it at 2:00 today for our quick catch up, we?ll be meeting in Edie's office on the 6th floor of City Hall. Thanks! Kate Kate Garman Technology Policy Advisor (She/Her/Hers) Office of Mayor Jenny A. Durkan I City of Seattle M: 206?375-0458 kate.garman@seattle.gov Facebook Twitter Subscribe to Mayor Durkan's E-Newsletter 022 TNC Next Steps October 11, 2018 AGENDA What is our strategy to decide a tax rate i What is a potential plan for spending: Worker and driver protections strategy: External engagement plan: Comms plan JFC and Linea 5 Minutes Kate 5 Minutes Leslie and Kate 10 minutes Adrienne 10 minutes Kyla 5 Minutes 5 Minutes Irwin, Stacy From: MO_Briefings Sent: Thursday, October 11, 2018 9:26 AM To: Helmbrecht, Elliot Subject: RE: Items progressing to E-Team 10/11 Attachments: 6. TNC Congestion Taxpdf Hey Elliot! Here you go! Thanks! Dayana "Dayo" Vice Policy Briefings Adviser/Pipeline Manager I Pronouns: She/Her/Hers Office of Mayor Jenny A. Durkan City of Seattle 0: 206-233-1529 M: 206?437-7566 dayana.vice@seattle.gov Facebook Twitter Subscribe to Mayor Durkan's E-Newsletter From: Helmbrecht, Elliot Sent: Wednesday, October 10, 2018 10:37 AM To: MO_Briefings Subject: RE: Items progressing to E-Team 10/11 Thanks, Dayo. Can I get a copy ofthe TNC congestion tax memo? From: MO_Briefings Sent: Tuesday, October 9, 2018 4:24 PM To: Adkins, Genesee Boawn, Jeanie Brooks, Melia Brown, LaTonya Bull, Karina Chinn, Bonita Ellingson, Susan Erb, Megan FAS_Pipeline Fisher, Christopher Fitzpatrick, Helen Graff, Barb Hanson, Harrietta Helmbrecht, Elliot Hoff, Paula Hursh, Danielle Huynh, Linh Johnson, Julie Kellogg, Chelsea (DOE) Klein, Jane Leyritz, Pat Lovell, Rebecca Lundberg, Debi McLain, Susan Melake, Tiffani Morris, Dylan Nguyen, Phuong Saffery, Susan Sheridan, Rick Subject: Latest draft: proposal Very minor edits. I left in a couple track changes and comments that I addressed. Open question is Matt Eng?s clarification question which I think we can leave for now but need to make a determination about at some point soon. Talk soon. I have time to meet today if needed Kate. Thanks! Kelly Kelly Rula New Mobility, Climate, and Urban Freight, Transit Mobility I City of Seattle Department of Transgortation M: 206.549.7579 I kelly.rula@seattle.goy MIME 042 Seattle Department of Transportation DRAFT PROPOSAL: Ridehail Congestion Management Tax August 8, 2018 INTERNAL DRAFT 043 Background Transportation network companies enable people to use smartphone or web?based applications to find or source, book, and pay for ridehail services like Uber and Lyft. Ridehailing, including TNC, taxi, and ?xed-rate for-hire services are a convenient and reliable transportation option. When combined with transit and other travel options, these ridehail services provide a viable alternative to vehicle ownership. [Multiple studies across the United States suggest TNC Trip Growth in Seattle ridehailing, particularly TNCs, ?000,000 5,052,513 5-6193?? 51593155 compete with public transit, 5,000,000 .1410 walking, and biking and add 4,000,000 3,135,033 4 99 1,009,240 mileage to roads.l ifhe numbers 3,000,000 are telling. In 2017, TNCS 2,000,000 reported a total of 20.4 million 1000.000 trips in all Seattle zip codes2017 I1 46%from2016trips. We 20150 201601 201602 2010103 1 201 01 201702 201703 Cl conservatively forecast that TNCS Wi? generate 35 mi'lion TNC Vehicle Miles Traveled Growth in Seattle trips in 2019 and 45 million . . 4 ?00,000 34,829,000 trips in 2020, based on deflated 0 31.242000 a historical growth rates. For 30000000 24.01.12.000 . 353112.000 comparison, the taxi and for- 19355-590 . - -- 20.000000 15.112000 23.301000 23,952,000 hire industry comprised approximately 2% of total 10.000000 ridehail trips in Seattle in 2017. I 16,396,000 0 ., 201504 2015 01 201502 2016 03 2016 0:1 201701 201202 201203 201204 Rapid growth of these mobility . services has made it difficult for Seattle to abreast of the Note: The VMT'figures above are-a conservative approximation and do not account for miles traveled needed infrastructure changes Wh'le {m and strategic mitigations to help adapt the public right- of-way (ROW) to manage this phenomenon increased trips and miles traveled further contribute to Seattle 5 transportation sector carbon emissions {currently 65% of total Seattie carbon emissions]. Unprodu'ctive circling {whereby TNC drivers continue to drive while they wait to be analysis of vehicle circling patterns in the Center City (greater downtown including South Lake Union, Capitol Hill, and TNC Trip Volume by Hour and Time of Day 00 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 2.0 2030 1500 $000 506 0 $12 211.1 5 ,2 31:40 3 ,{FormattediFoncht Source: QFeigon and C. Murphy. 2018!. Broadenin Understandingo the Interplay Between Public ransit. ghared Mobility and Personal3 Automobiles Pre- -pub ication draft of TCRP Researc Report 195. Tranhiaulion Research Board, Washington Formatted: Font: 3 pt Formatted: Font: 11 pt .LSchaller. "The New v: val Uber and the Future of American Cities hallerconsult pdt. July 25, 2018 Formatted: Font: 8 pt 1 2 044 Uptown} suggests ridehail vehicles represent roughly 10% ofall circling traffic on downtown streets, Total C02 emissions grew 65% year over year between 2016 C12 and 2017 (12 {not including circling}. The impacts of ridehailing are exacerbated in the Center City area during the AM and PM peak traffic periods. Between 0.4 2016 and C14 2017, TNC trips beginning or ending in Center City zip codes increased by 32%. TNC trips beginning or ending In Center City zip codes in Q4 of 2017 represent over 50% ofall TNC trips in Seattle. Recent research conducted by the Shared-Use Mobility Center {above} con?rms that TNC trips in Seattle peak in the AM and PM commute periods As Seattle's population and Job base continues to grow and congestion and construction related impacts of the Period of Maximum Constraint worsen, SDOT and the City of Seattle seek to utilize price signals to help manage the impacts of ridehailing services, fund a variety of projects to support a robust, competitive, and equitable transit network, and meet the City?s climate goals. Managing the Transportation and Climateerelated Impacts of Growxn and Congestion Seattle Department of Transportation (SDOT) does not currently regulate-?ridehailing to manage congestion, right?of?way wear and tear, passenger load and unload areas, or climate impacts; The Department of Finance and Administrative Services (FAS) curre imposes two regulatory fees on every .TNC trip: a l4?cent fee to cover the casts ofenforcement and regulation licensing, as well as a 10-cent fee to sup on the Wheelchair Accesmbie Services Fund. 045 049 Irwin, Stacy From: Garman, Kate Sent: Monday, October 01, 2018 10:44 AM To: Thompson, Adrienne Subject: FW: Some thoughts on wage floors Attachments: Wage floors for TNC drivers 9-28-2018.docx Good stuff from George. From: Emerson, George Sent: Friday, September 28, 2018 2:14 PM To: Garman, Kate Subject: Some thoughts on wage floors George Emerson Economist, City Budget Office Mayor Jenny A. Durkan City of Seattle PO Box 94747, Seattle, WA 98124-4747 I o: 206.733.9110 1 georgeemerson@seattie.gov 057 Irvth Stacy From: Rolph-Tate, Caylyn Sent: Monday, October 01, 2018 10:30 AM To: Blair, Kyla;Garman, Kate Subject: RE: TNC Fees and Taxes Passed in US Attachments: TNC Research Memodocx Kate 8: Kyla- Let me know ifthere?s any specific info you?d like me to flush out more. From: Blair, Kyla Sent: Thursday, September 27,2018 4:26 AM To: Ga rman, Kate Ralph-Tate, Caylyn Subject: Re: TNC Fees and Taxes Passed in US Thanks, Kate! Caylyn is on point from our team on this and will follow up with any questions she may have. We'll also get some info together on external by the end of the week or early next. From: Garman, Kate Sent: Wednesday, September 26, 2018 3:26:45 PM To: Blair, Kyla; Rolph-Tate, Caylyn Subject: TNC Fees and Taxes Passed in US Kyla, .Hope this helps! Kate Kate Garman Technology Policy Adviser (She/Her/Hers) Office of Mayor Jenny A. Durkan 1 City of Seattle I i M: 206-375?0458 kate.garn1an@seattle.gov Facebook I Twitter Subscribe to Mayor Durkan?s EvNewsletter 059 till City of Seattle Office of the Mayor Memo Date: September 28: 2018 To; Kyla Blair: Kate Garman From; Cavlyn Roth-Tate Subject: TNC Research Objective . The information provided in this memo seeks to provide information to answer the following questions: 1. What cities and states have implemented fees or taxes on and when were they implemented? 2. Who In each state and/or city was supportive or opposed to implementing fees on 3. What messaging was found to be effective and ineffective? 4 Who are the key stakeholders In the City of Seattle on this issue? Question 1 . The following states have implemented some type of fee or tax on TNC trips and/or trip fares: 1. Alabama: taxed at 1% of total fare? 2. california: 33% oftotal TNC revenue 3. Connecticut: 25 per trip flat fee 4. Hawaii. taxed at 4% of total fare 5. New Jersey: 50 per ride to go in to effeEt on October 1 2018 6. Massachusetts: $0.20 per trip fee that Is intended to be paid by the TNC company rather than the rider 7. Nevada: 3% of total fare 8. New York. In 2017 the State Legislature passed a law allowing TNCs to operate statewide under a single license except in cities with a population of over one million (ie New York City). 4% of total fare on trips originating outside of NYC. 9. Rhode island: 7% of total fare to the general fund 10. South Carolina: 1% assessment on tetal fare 11. South Dakota: 4. 5% of totat fare 12. Wyoming: 4% of total fare Other States: New Jersey General Assembly passed a $0.50 cent per ride tax on July 2, 2018 which will go in to effect on October 1, 2018. The following cities have implemented some type offee or tax on TNC trips and/or trip fares: 1. 2. Chicago, IL: currently $0.67 per ride and set to be raised to $0.72 per ride in 2019 New Orleans, LA: 50.50 per trip originating inside the City and Jefferson Parish. 100% of revenues go to enforcement and public safety. Office of the Mayor I 600 Fourth Avenue, PO Box 94749, Seattle, WA 98124 I 206-684-4000 I seattle.gov/mayor 060 3. New York, NY: 8.875% of total fare is taxed and a fee of $2.75 per trip 0R $0.75 per rider if the ride is pooled 4. Philadelphia, PA: 1.4% of total fare on trips originating inside the city 5. Portland, OR: $0.50 per trip 6. Seattle, WA: 50.24 per trip on rides originating inside the city as an accessibility charge 7. Washington, D.C.: 6% of total fare Other Cities: San Francisco has been looking to implement a new tax or fee on Supervisor Aaron Peskin {San Francisco Board of Supervisors) originally proposed a ballot initiative?to tax gross receipts of ride- -hailing companies. However, he dropped this proposal and got Uber and 'on board with a per-ride tax on trips that start in SF. According to a report produced by the San Francisco County Transportation-Authority In December 2017, City' In the country has TNC- related regulations or fees. based on congestion {See Table 1 page 14), but instead have regulations and fees based on the following principles: safety, transit, equity, disabled access, sustainability, accountability, labor, financial impact, and collaboration, Question 2: Stakeholders - Below Ive mapped out some of the positions taken by key stakeholders for a few major cities. it was hard to find stances for many stakeholders. New Orleans, LA Stakeholders Chicago, IL Stakeholders - - -- 0 Chica?gOlahd Chamber of Commerce (Board members include Lyft, Uber, UPS are members) was against increasing the rates of rIdesha re fees In 2016 stating that Chicago already has the highest' In the nation fees, that it would havea significant economic impact on the City of Chicago, and that it would. lead to fewer, less accessible transportation options. They were also in favor of bringing ca r- sharing (CarZGo) to Chicago on a pilot basis 2018 which ultimately passed the Chicago City Council. - Uber and did not directiy object to the most recent increase in surcharge rates in 2018, a modest $0 05 Increase as opposed to previous increase. The City of Chicago also had data to back up attributing a decrease CTA ridership to and Uber The City lost approximately $40 million' In revenue potential to rideshares. New York, NY Stakeholders Uber and supported Manhattan congestion pricing because "it was limited to Manhattan where there is more congestion and also more transportation options that in other boroughs? and it did not single out TNC but included all drivers. 0 Manhattan Chamber of Commerce: anti driver cap; pro congestion-pricing - New York State Restaurant Association: against curb management; concerned about delivery truck taxing. 061 Partnership for New York City: a compelling argument is how much productivity is lost and how much congestion costs. Pro-congestion pricing. (PNYC is a business leadership group that represents the city's largest private sector employees) Philadelphia, PA Stakeholders 0 Greater Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce: unable to find stance. Circumstantially, and Uber were operating in under an ?experimental license? that was set to expire. This leverage allowed the City and State greater leverage to regulate. San Francisco, CA Stakeholders - The San Francisco Chamber of Commerce supports a per-trip fee on trips originating in San Francisco. However, the SF Chamber does nothave'anyone on their'board who represents - Golden Gate Restaurant Association did not listen stance on the issue 0 Transportation Alliance of San Francisco: supportive of per?trip fee Question 3: Messaging The following specifics were found to be influential in messaging to stakeholders: TNC versus Single Occupancy Vehicle (SOV) Tak:?_ .- - Taxes on shared and pooled rides vs. individual ridesrtaxing shared and pooled rides at a lower rate than individual rides as an incentive to carpool and lessen the impact of - What does the revenue fund? It?s beneficial to put funding back into transit and transportation improvements, Or in to projects that stakeholders are looking for funding fore. 0 Local regulation is better for cities because they address public interest more specifically than at the statewide level which is generally less restrictive and more relaxed The following questions and critiques of messagingwere important during the decision-making process inaeach city and state: . Using. congestion pricing and TNC taxation is not an effective argument to "end or decrease gridlock" in certain areas. 0 Tone towardsmiddle class drivers (workers): ensuring that the policy does not feel elitist/classist and does not affect the bottom line of the working-class and middle-class drivers. 0 messaging themselves as a first last mile partner. Question 4: Seattle Stakeholders Looking at other cities that have implemented TNC fees and taxes or congestion pricing in a geofenced area these will be the important stakeholders to get on board: Seattle Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce Labor 0 Will want to make sure that drivers who are largely immigrant, refugee and people of color, are not disparately impacted by a policy 062 Seattle Restaurant Association and Seattle Hotel Association 0 Many restaurants also rely on GrubHub, Doordash, etc, to increase their distribution Arts Associations (especially those located downtown) - They will want to ensure that the fee isn?t so large that it will deter patrons from purchasing tickets and supporting local arts and theatres which are already so heavily impacted by downtown mobility and infrastructure projects; 0 On the other hand, the argument can be made that this would be better for their patrons as it could increase mobility by encouraging people to take pooled rides or use public transit. Tourism - Nightlife Organizations 0 Bars and Restaurants will want to ensure that there is not a fee so large that it will deter their customers from using to get to and from their Establishment - Sports Organizations - Tra nsportation Organizations Supportive so long as it incentivizes decreased reliance on and increases funding for mass transit projects and options Environmental Organizations 0 Will be supportive so long as there is incentive to decrease SOV's and this will impact Environmental Justice Organizations a Will want to make sure that drivers who are largely immigrant, refugee and people of color, are not disparately impacted by a policy Consumers - Will not want a large tax or fee imposed on them that exacerbates an already high cost of living in the City Extras and Fun Facts 0 According to a study released by New York based Scholler Consulting in July 2018 titled "The New AutOmobility: va't. Ub'er and the Future of American Cities?: 0 70% of Uber and trips are in nine large, densely populated metropolitan areas of which Seattle is one. TNCs have added approximately 94 million miles to Seattle roads since their beginning 0 Seattleites take an average of 33 TNC trips per year with an estimated 2017 total of 20 million trips (as opposed to an estimated 3 million taxi trips). 063