SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT
I.

PARTIES

This Settlement Agreement ("Agreement") is entered into among the United States of
America, acting through the United States Department of Justice and on behalf of the Office of
Inspector General ("OIG-HHS") of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ("HHS")
(collectively, "the United States"); the State of West Virginia, acting through the State of West
Virginia Medicaid Fraud Control Unit and the West Virginia Department of Health and Human
Resources ("West Virginia"); and CRC Health, L.L.C. ("CRC"), a subsidiary of Acadia Healthcare
Company, Inc. ("Acadia"), by and through their authorized representatives.

All of the

aforementioned individuals and entities are collectively referred to herein as "the Parties."
II. RECITALS
A.

At all relevant times, CRC was a limited liability company organized under the

laws of the State of Delaware.
B.

At all relevant times, CRC's principal place of business was in Franklin, Tennessee.

At all relevant times, CRC was a health care company that rendered treatment of behavioral health
and addiction disorders.
C.

Included in CRC's patient base were individuals eligible to receive reimbursement

and/or health benefits under the West Virginia Medicaid Program and Medicaid Managed Care
Organizations (collectively referred to herein as "Medicaid"), which is a federal health care benefit
program, as defined in 18 U.S.C. § 24(b).

Settlement Agreement Between
The United States and CRC Health L.L. C.

 D.

The United States contends that CRC submitted or caused to be submitted false

claims for payment to Medicaid (Title XIX of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 1396-1396w5).
E. ·

The United States further contends that it has certain civil claims against CRC for

engaging in the following alleged conduct: At all relevant times, CRC, and/or its predecessor, CRC
Health Group, Inc., operated the following drug treatment centers in West Virginia: Charleston
Treatment Center, LLC; Huntington Treatment Center, LLC; Parkersburg Treatment Center, LLC ;
Beckley Treatment Center, LLC ; Williamson Treatment Center, LLC; Clarksburg Treatment
Center, LLC; and Wheeling Treatment Center, LLC (collectively referred to herein as the "West
Virginia Centers"). For purposes of this Agreement, references to CRC shall include the West
Virginia Centers. The West Virginia Centers provided outpatient drug treatment, including the
administration of Methadone and the prescribing of Suboxone and Subutex . The Centers for
Medicare and Medicaid Services regulates laboratory testing through the Clinical Laboratory
Improvement Amendments ("CLIA"). CLIA requires all facilities that perform even one test on
materials derived from the human body to meet certain Federal requirements. Each of the West
Virginia Centers had a CLIA Certificate of Waiver that allowed it to perform "waived tests" only.
As defined by CLIA, waived tests are simple tests with a low risk for an incorrect result. These
include certain tests listed in the CLIA regulations, tests cleared by the FDA for home use, and
tests approved for waiver by the FDA using the CLIA criteria. Under CLIA, "non-waived''
testing consisted of moderate and high complexity testing. Laboratories that performed non-

Settlement Agreement Between
The United States and CRC Health L.L.C.

 waived tests were required to have a higher level CLIA certification than the certificates of waiver
held by the West Virginia Centers. Moderate or complex urine and blood testing performed with
laboratory equipment and/or professional personnel could only be performed in a laboratory with
a higher and different certification than a certificate of waiver. In accordance with drug screening
practices, the West Virginia Centers sent urine samples to a reference lab - San Diego Reference
Laboratory ("SDRL") - for all moderate and high complexity drug testing. From time to time, the
West Virginia Centers also sent blood samples to SDRL for testing. SDRL invoiced the West
Virginia Centers for the testing it performed, at the request of the West Virginia Centers. The
West Virginia Centers paid SDRL directly. The West Virginia Centers also sent some urine
samples to a reference lab owned by CRC, the l 0th Street Lab. The West Virginia Centers then
billed West Virginia Medicaid for the urine and blood testing perfom1ed by SDRL and the l 0th
Street Lab, as though it had been performed by the West Virginia Centers. In the claims submitted
to Medicaid, the West Virginia Centers represented that they had rendered moderate and/or high
complexity laboratory services covered and described by CPT Codes 80307, 80074, 80076, 81005 ,
86592, 86689 and 87340, and HCPCS Codes 00480, 00481 and 00482. Medicaid, induced by
the claims submitted, reimbursed the West Virginia Centers at a substantially higher rate than
SDRL charged to perform the testing. Medicaid regulations and policies prohibited the West
Virginia Centers from seeking reimbursement for moderate and complex urine and blood testing
which they (a) were not CLIA certified to perform; and (b) did not, in fact, render. From January
1, 2012 to July 31, 2018, Medicaid paid the West Virginia Centers no less than $8,500,000 as a

Settlement Agreement Between
The United States and CRC Health, L.L. C.

 result of the moderate and complex urine and blood testing claims.

The conduct described in this

paragraph is hereinafter referred to as the "Covered Conduct".
F.

This Agreement is not an admission of liability by CRC, nor is it a concession by

the United States that its claims are not well founded and substantially justified.
G.

To avoid the delay, uncertainty, inconvenience, and expense of protracted litigation

of the above claims, and in consideration of the mutual promises and obligations of this
Agreement, the Parties have reached a full and final settlement pursuant to the Terms and
Conditions set forth below.
III.
1.

TERMS AND CONDITIONS

CRC shall pay to the United States the sum of $17,000,000 (the "Settlement

Amount") by electronic funds transfer ("EFT") pursuant to written instructions to be provided by
the Office of the United States Attorney for the Southern District of West Virginia on or before
the effective date of this Agreement.

CRC shall make the EFT of the Settlement Amount within

three (3) business days of the Effective Date of this Agreement.

The Parties agree that the

payment by CRC of the Settlement Amount to the United States includes an amount of $8,500,000
that shall constitute restitution within the meaning of Section 162(f) of the Internal Revenue Code
of 1986, as amended (the "Code") with respect to the payments from West Virginia Medicaid to
the West Virginia Centers described in the Covered Conduct (the "Restitution Amount"). The
Parties agree to make any returns or filings in respect of the Settlement Amount as may be required
by the Code and any regulations thereunder.

Settlement Agreement Between
The United States and CRC Health, L.L .C.

 2.

Subject to the exceptions in Paragraph 5 below (concerning excluded claims), and

conditioned upon full payment of the Settlement Amount by CRC, and subject to Paragraph 15
below (concerning bankruptcy proceedings commenced within 91 days of the Effective Date of
this Agreement or any payment under this Agreement), the United States releases CRC, together
with its cunent and former parent corporations; direct and indirect subsidiaries; brother or sister
corporations; divisions; current or former corporate owners; and the corporate successors and
assigns of any of them, from any civil or administrative monetary claims the United States has for
the Covered Conduct under the False Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. §§ 3729-3733 ; the Civil Monetary
Penalties Law, 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7a; the Program Fraud Civil Remedies Act, 31 U.S.C §§ 38013812; and the common law theories of payment by mistake, unjust enrichment, and fraud.
3.

Subject to the exceptions in Paragraph 5 below (concerning excluded claims), and

conditioned upon full payment of the Settlement Amount by CRC, and subject to Paragraph 14
below (concerning bankruptcy proceedings commenced within 91 days of the Effective Date of
this Agreement or any payment under this Agreement), the State of West Virginia (on behalf of
itself, its officers, agents, agencies and departments) agrees to release CRC, together with its
cunent and former parent corporations; direct and indirect subsidiaries; brother or sister
corporations; divisions; current or fo1mer corporate owners; and the corporate successors and
assigns of any of them, from any civil or administrative monetary claim the State of West Virginia
has or may have, including pursuant to W.Va. Code § 9-7-6, at common law or otherwise for the
Covered Conduct.

Settlement Agreement Between
The United States and CRC Health, L. L. C.

 4.

In consideration of the obligations of CRC in this Agreement and the Corporate

Integrity Agreement ("CIA"), entered into between OIG-HHS and CRC and Acadia, and
conditioned upon CRC' s full payment of the Settlement Amount, the OIG-HHS agrees to release
and refrain from instituting, directing, or maintaining any administrative action seeking exclusion
from Medicare, Medicaid and other Federal health care programs (as defined in 42 U.S .C. § I320a7b(f)) against CRC and Acadia under 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7a (Civil Monetary Penalties Law) or 42
U.S .C. § 1320a-7(b)(7) (permissive exclusion for fraud , kickbacks, and other prohibited activities)
for the Covered Conduct, except as reserved in this Paragraph and in Paragraph 5 (concerning
excluded claims), below.

The OIG-HHS expressly reserves all rights to comply with any

statutory obligations to exclude CRC, Acadia and/or any of the West Virginia Centers from
Medicare, Medicaid and other Federal health care programs under 42 U.S.C. § I320a-7(a)
(mandatory exclusion) based upon the Covered Conduct. Nothing in this Paragraph precludes the
OIG-HHS from taking action against entities or persons, or for conduct and practices, for which
claims have been reserved in Paragraph 5, below.
5.

Notwithstanding the release given in Paragraph 2, 3 and 4 of this Agreement, or

any term of this Agreement, the following claims of the United States are specifically reserved and
are not released:
a.

Any liability arising under Title 26, U.S. Code (Internal Revenue Code);

b.

Any criminal liability;

c.

Except as explicitly provided m this Agreement, any administrative

Settlement Agreement Between
The United States and CRC Health, L. L. C.

 liability, including mandatory exclusion from federal health care programs;
d.

Any liability to the United States (or its agencies) for any conduct other than
the Covered Conduct;

e.

Any liability based upon obligations created by this Agreement;

f.

Any liability for personal injury or property damage or for other
consequential damages arising from the Covered Conduct; and

g.
6.

Any liability of individuals not specifically released herein.

CRC waives and shall not assert any defenses it may have to any criminal

prosecution or administrative action relating to the Covered Conduct which is based, in whole or
in part, on the contention that, under the Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the
Constitution of the United States of America, or under the Excessive Fines Clause of the Eighth
Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America, this Agreement bars a remedy
sought in such criminal prosecution or administrative action.
7.

CRC fully and finally releases the United States, its agencies, employees, servants,

and agents from any claims (including attorney' s fees , costs, and expenses of every kind and
however denominated) that it has asserted, could have asserted, or may assert in the future against
the United States, its agencies, employees, servants, and agents, related to the Covered Conduct
and the investigation and prosecution thereof by the United States.
8.

The Settlement Amount shall not be decreased as a result of the denial of claims

for payment now being withheld from payment by Medicaid, any other federal health care benefit

Settlement Agreement Between
The United States and CRC Health, L.L. C.

 program, or any state payer, related to the Covered Conduct; and CRC agrees not to resubmit to
Medicaid, any other federal health care benefit program, or any state payer any previously denied
claims related to the Covered Conduct, and agrees not to appeal denials of any such claims, and to
withdraw any such pending appeals.
9.

CRC further agrees to the following:
a.

Unallowable Costs Defined: That all costs (as defined in the Federal

Acquisition Regulation, 48 C.F.R. § 31.205-47; and in Titles XVIII and XIX of the Social Security
Act, 42 U.S .C. §§ 1395-1395kkk-l and 1396-1396w-5; and the regulations and official program
directives promulgated thereunder), if any, incurred by or on behalf of CRC in connection with
the following shall be "Unallowable Costs" for government contracting purposes with the United
States and under the Medicare program, Medicaid program, TRICARE program and FEHBP:
1.

Matters covered by this Agreement and any related plea agreement;

2.

Audit(s) and civil and any criminal investigation(s) by the United

States of the matters covered by this Agreement;
3.

Investigation, defense, and corrective actions undertaken by CRC in

response to the United States' audit(s) and civil and any criminal investigation(s) in connection
with the matters covered by this Agreement (including attorney's fees) ;
4.

The negotiation and performance of this Agreement and any plea

5.

The payment(s) CRC makes to the United States pursuant to this

agreement;

Settlement Agreement Between
The United States and CRC Health, L. L. C.

 Agreement, including any costs and attorney's fees ; and
6.

The negotiation of, and obligations unde11aken pursuant to the CIA

to: (i) retain an independent review organization to perform annual reviews as described in Section
III of the CIA; and (ii) prepare and submit repo1is to the OIG-HHS,
are unallowable, including any costs for government contracting purposes and under the Medicare
Program, Medicaid Program, TRICARE Program, and Federal Employees Health Benefits
Program (FEHBP) (hereinafter referred to as Unallowable Costs). However, nothing in paragraph
9.a.6 that may apply to the obligations undertaken pursuant to the CIA affects the status of costs
that are not allowable based on any other authority applicable to CRC.
b. Future Treatment of Unallowable Costs:

If applicable, these Unallowable

Costs shall be separately detennined and accounted for by CRC. CRC shall not charge such
Unallowable Costs directly or indirectly to any contracts with the United States or any State
Medicaid Program, or seek payment for such Unallowable Costs through any cost report, cost
statement, information statement, or payment request submitted by CRC to the Medicare,
Medicaid, TRICARE, FEHBP, or other federal health care benefit programs.
c.

Treatment of Unallowable Costs Previously Submitted for Payment:

If

applicable, CRC further agrees that within 60 days of the Effective Date of this Agreement it shall
identify to applicable Medicare and TRICARE fiscal intermediaries, carriers and/or contractors,
and Medicaid and FEHBP fiscal agents, any Unallowable Costs (as defined in this Paragraph)
included in payments previously sought from the United States, or any State Medicaid Program,

Settlement Agreement Between
The United States and CRC Health, L.L.C.

 including, but not limited to, payments sought in any cost reports, cost statements, information
reports, or payment requests already submitted by CRC, or on behalf of CRC by any medical
practice or entity through which CRC provided medical services, and shall request, and agree, that
such cost reports, cost statements, information reports or payment requests, even if already settled,
be adjusted to account for the effect of the inclusion of the Unallowable Costs. CRC agrees that
the United States, at a minimum, shall be entitled to recoup from it any overpayment plus
applicable interest and penalties as a result of the inclusion of such Unallowable Costs on
previously-submitted cost reports, information reports, cost statements or requests for payment.
Any payments due after the adjustments have been made shall be paid to the United States
pursuant to the direction of the Department of Justice, and/or the affected agencies. The United
States reserves its rights to disagree with any calculations submitted by CRC, or on behalf of CRC
by any medical practice or entity through which CRC provided medical services, on the effect of
inclusion of Unallowable Costs (as defined in this Paragraph) on CRC's cost reports or the cost
reports of any medical practice or entity through which CRC provided medical services, cost
statements or information reports.
d. Nothing in this Agreement shall constitute a waiver of the rights of the United
States to audit, examine or re-examine the books and records of CRC to determine that no
Unallowable Costs have been claimed in accordance with the provisions of this Paragraph.
10.

This Agreement is intended to be for the benefit of the Parties only.

The Parties

do not release any claims against any other person or entity, except to the extent provided for in

Settlement Agreement Between
The United States and CRC Health, L.L.C.

 Paragraph 11 directly below.
11 .

CRC waives and shall not seek payment for any of the health care billings covered

by this Agreement from any health care beneficiaries or their parents, sponsors, legally responsible
individuals, or third party payers based upon the claims included in and defined as Covered
Conduct.
12.

In the event the United States opts to rescind this Agreement following a breach by

CRC, then CRC agrees that it shall not plead, argue, or otherwise raise any defenses under the
theories of statute of limitations, laches, estoppel, or similar theories, to any civil or administrative
claims that (a) are filed by the United States within 30 calendar days of written notification to CRC
that this Agreement has been rescinded; and (b) relate to the Covered Conduct, except to the extent
these defenses were available on the Effective Date of this Agreement.
13 .

CRC warrants that it has reviewed its financial situations and that it is currently

solvent within the meaning of 11 U.S.C. §§ 547(b)(3) and 548(a)(l)(B)(ii)(l), and shall remain
solvent following the payment to the United States of the Settlement Amount.

Further, the Parties

warrant that, in evaluating whether to execute this Agreement, they (a) intended that the mutual
promises, covenants, and obligations set forth herein constitute a contemporaneous exchange for
new value given to CRC, within the meaning of 11 U.S.C. § 547(c)(l); and (b) conclude that these
mutual promises, covenants, and obligations shall, in fact, constitute such a contemporaneous
exchange.

Further, the Parties warrant that the mutual promises, covenants, and obligations set

forth herein are intended to and do, in fact, represent a reasonably equivalent exchange of value

Settlement Agreement Between
The United States and CRC Health, L.L.C.

 that is not intended to hinder, delay, or defraud any person or entity to which CRC is or becomes
indebted on or after the date of this transfer, all within the meaning of 11 U.S.C . § 548(a)(I).
14.

If, within 91 days of the Effective Date of this Agreement or any payment made

under this Agreement, CRC or a third party commences any case, proceeding, or other action under
any law relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, or relief of debtors: (a) seeking to have
an order for relief of CRC's debts, or seeking to adjudicate CRC as bankrupt or insolvent; or (b)
seeking appointment of a receiver, trustee, custodian, or other similar official for CRC or for all or
any substantial part of CRC' s assets, then CRC agrees as follows:
a.

CRC's obligations under this Agreement may not be avoided pursuant to 11

U.S.C. §§ 547 or 548, and it shall not argue or otherwise take the position in any such case,
proceeding, or action that: (i) its obligations under this Agreement may be avoided under 11 U.S.C.
§§ 547 or 548; (ii) it was insolvent at the time this Agreement was entered into, or became insolvent

as a result of any payment made to the United States hereunder; or (iii) the mutual promises,
covenants, and obligations set forth in this Agreement do not constitute a contemporaneous
exchange for new value given to CRC.
b.

If CRC ' s obligations under this Agreement are avoided for any reason,

including, but not limited to, through the exercise of a trustee' s avoidance powers under the
Bankruptcy Code, then the United States, at its sole option, may rescind and/or void this
Agreement and any releases herein, and may bring any civil and/or administrative claim, action,
or proceeding against CRC for the claims that would otherwise be covered by the release provided

Settlement Agreement Between
The Untied States and CRC Health, L. L. C.

 in Paragraph 2 hereof.

CRC agrees that: (i) any such claims, actions, or proceedings brought by

the United States (including any proceedings to exclude CRC from participation in Medicare,
TRICARE or other Federal health care benefit programs) are not subject to an automatic stay
imposed pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 362(a) as a result of the action, case, or proceedings described in
the first clause of this Paragraph, and that CRC shall not argue or otherwise contend that the claims,
actions, or proceedings of the United States are subject to an automatic stay; (ii) CRC shall not
plead, argue, or otherwise raise any defenses under the theories of statute of limitations, laches,
estoppel, or similar theories, to any such civil or administrative claims, actions, or proceedings that
are brought by the United States within 30 calendar days of written notification to CRC that this
Agreement and the releases herein have been rescinded pursuant to this Paragraph, except to the
extent such defenses were available on the Effective Date of this Agreement; and (iii) the United
States has a valid claim against CRC in the amount of $25,500,000, and the United States may
pursue its claim in the case, action, or proceeding referenced in the first clause of this Paragraph
as well as in any other case, action, or proceeding.
c.

CRC acknowledges that its agreement in this Paragraph is provided in

exchange for valuable consideration provided in accordance with this Agreement.
15.

In the event that CRC fails to pay any amount as provided in Paragraph 1 hereof

within two (2) business days of the date on which such payment is due, then CRC shall be in breach
of the terms of this Agreement ("Default" or "Breach").
16.

Notwithstanding any other provision set forth herein, in the event of Default as

Settlement Agreement Between
The United States and CRC Health, L.L.C.

 defined in Paragraph 15 above, OIG-HHS may exclude CRC from participating in all federal
health care programs until CRC pays the Settlement Amount and reasonable costs. OIG-HHS
will provide written notice of any such exclusion to CRC. CRC waives any further notice of the
exclusion under 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7(b)(7), and agrees not to contest such exclusion either
administratively or in any state or federal court. Reinstatement to participate in federal health
care programs is not automatic. If at the end of any period of exclusion CRC wishes to apply for
reinstatement, it must submit a v.,Titten request for reinstatement to OIG-HHS in accordance with
the provisions of 42 C.F.R. §§ 1001.3001-.3005. CRC will not be reinstated unless and until OIGHHS approves such request for reinstatement.
17.

Each Party to this Agreement shall bear its own legal and other costs incurred

in connection with this matter, including the preparation and performance of this Agreement.
18.

CRC represents that this Agreement is freely and voluntarily entered into without

any degree of duress or compulsion whatsoever and with the benefit of legal counsel of its
choosing.
19.

This Agreement is governed by the laws of the United States.

The Parties agree

that the exclusive jurisdiction and venue for any dispute arising between and among the Parties
relating to this Agreement shall be in the United States District Court for the Southern District of
West Virginia.
20.

For purposes of construction, this Agreement shall be deemed to have been drafted

by all Parties to this Agreement and shall not, therefore, be construed against any Party for that

Settlement Agreement Between
The United States and CRC Health, L. L. C.

 reason in any dispute or legal proceeding.
21.

This Agreement constitutes the complete agreement between the Parties.

This

Agreement may not be amended except by written consent of the Parties.
22.

All persons signing this Agreement on behalf of the United States represent that

they are signing this Agreement in their official capacities and that they are authorized to execute
this Agreement.

The individuals signing this Agreement on behalf of CRC represent and wa1Tant

that they are authorized to execute this Agreement on behalf of CRC and each of the West Virginia
Centers.
23.

This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which constitutes an

original and all of which constitute one and the same Agreement.
24.

This Agreement is binding on (a) CRC; (b) the West Virginia Centers; (c) the

successors, transferees, heirs, and assigns of CRC; (d) the successors, transferees, heirs, and
assigns of the West Virginia Centers; (e) The United States; and (f) The State of West Virginia.
25.

All Parties consent to disclosure by the United States of this Agreement, and

information about this Agreement, the Covered Conduct, and the settlement of the government' s
claims, to the public.

The Parties further agree that the United States may file this Settlement

Agreement in the United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia as a
miscellaneous action and may take all actions necessary to do so.
26.

This Agreement is effective on the date of the signature of the last signatory to the

Agreement ("Effective Date of this Agreement").

Settlement Agreement Between
The United Stales and CRC Health, L. L. C.

Facsimiles and electronic transmissions of

 signatures shall constitute acceptable, binding signatures for purposes of this Agreement.

[SIGN ATURES APPEAR ON THE FOLLOWING PAGES]

Settlement Agreement Between
The United States and CRC Health, LLC.

 THE UNITED STATES OF AMER1CA

Dated :

o/3/~aJC/

By:
MICHAEL 13. STUART
United States Attorney
U.S. Attorney's Office
Southern District of West Virginia

Dated:

06/'0 "o/~1

By:

(;)f/~
I~
LISA M. RE
Assistant Inspector General for Legal Affairs
Office of Counsel to the Inspecto r General
Office of Inspector General
U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services

Settlement Agreement Between
The United States and CRC Health, L.L.C.

 STATEOFWESTVIR~

t~

-~ ' t

1\·,.1chael
Director
West Virginia Medicaid Fraud Control Unit

Dated:

By:

I )-1. . , v2),1 ,.~--

lti2y

Beane, Ms-w:1,csw

.

Commissioner, Bureau for Medical Services
West Virginia Department of Health and
Hwnan Resources

Dated:

ay:

5-0 .go

q,.

Human Resources

SeltlBmenl A(P8Bt7IMI BelwBBn

The United Staf8s and CRC Health. LL C.

r _

X

BillJ.Crouch 7
~ /
Cabinet Secretary
West Vrrginia Department of Health and

 CRC HEALTH, L.L.C.

Dated:

f__/~

By:_ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

CHRISTOPHER L. HOWARD
Vice President and Secretary
CRC Health, L.L.C.

Dated:
Attorney for CRC

D a t e d : - - - - - - - - --

Se//lement Agreement Between
The United States and CRC Health, L.L.C.

ADAM ROBISON
Attorney for CRC

 CRC HEAL TH, L.L.C.

Dated: - -- - - - - -- -

Dated: - - - - - - -- - -

By:- - - - -- - -- - -- - - CHRISTOPHER L. HOWARD
Vice President and Secretary
CRC Health, L.L.C.

JENNIFER WEAVER
Attorney for CRC

Dated: 4/18/2019
ADAM ROBISON
Attorney for CRC

Settlement Agreement Between
The United States and CRC Health, L.L. C.