Draft – Mock-up of possible Images for HIA- Air quality – 2018-08-27 Note: This is a rough doc to help us think through the proposed approach, drafted by Brenda and Margaret, for evaluating possible health impacts of the proposed compressor station. I’ve added text to answer Brenda’s questions. Numbering and text from Brenda’s draft proposed approach doc. are in Times Roman font. 1. Assess existing baseline health and environmental conditions C. Baseline Environmental Conditions (pending discussion with MassDEP) MassDEP will summarize the available data on outdoor air quality using MassDEP air quality monitoring data for specific criteria pollutants (e.g., ozone, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO) and certain air toxics, such as benzene and formaldehyde, and include National Air Toxics Assessment (NATA) data at the census tract level. NAAQS Ozone Exceedances 2007-2017 – from 2017 MassDEP air quality report (last 10 years) (current 8-hour standard is 0.070 ppm). PM2.5 from 2017 MassDEP air quality report (current standard is 12 ug/m3) 1 DRAFT – for Internal Policy Deliberation Figure 7 FEM Annual Ari?jme?c Maw 14- 12' Elli-EB Elli-[E 1111B 11311 2111'! 2013 EDI-4 2 ]15 Elli-I5 DH. 1711 North 51 DH. Han-ism AVE Kenna-re DH, ?ne Ci?l?f Sq DH, 'Iul'nn Clinton 51 Carmine St - - FALL RIVER PL .5 REM 1113:1119 Figure trends thepast yam- pgmf- Figure 3 FEM Annual Maw 1?4 North 51' hue H?lern 51: Illern St Calm: 5t RIVER EENFE LEI DRAFT for Internal Policy Deliberation Air Toxics Available air monitoring data from Lynn, Roxbury and Chicopee (monitoring data QC’d through Dec. 2017) will be summarized using figures for benzene and formaldehyde. Figures for toluene, ethylbenzene, and total xylenes could be added, but I think we should just include them in a table with monitoring data. All air concentration data will be presented in units of ug/m3. Concentration Benzene Measured in Ambient Air Samples (ug/m3) Benzene Ambient Air Monitoring Trends in MA 1999-2017 (Mean + 1 SD of 40-61 samples per year)(ug/m3) 3 2.5 2 TEL = 0.6 ug/m3 (0.2 ppb) 1.5 1 0.5 0 AAL = 0.1 ug/m3 (0.03 ppb) -0.5 98 999 000 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Lynn Roxbury Chicopee 19 3 DRAFT – for Internal Policy Deliberation Concentration Formaldehyde Measured in Ambient Air Samples (ug/m3) Formaldehyde Ambient Air Monitoring Trends in MA 1999-2017 (Mean + 1 SD of 40-61 samples per year)(ug/m3) 7 6 5 TEL = 2 4 3 2 1 0 98 999 000 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 32 2 19 AAL = 0.08 ug/m (0.06 Lynn Chicopee Roxbury Add comparison across New England states for benzene and formaldehyde to highlight that MA air concentrations are similar to other states. For example: 4.5 Annual Formaldehyde Concentration (2003 - 2015) 4 3.5 ug/m3 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Lynn MA Providence RI Chicopee MA Burlington VT Boston MA Rutland VT East Providence RI Underhill VT 4 DRAFT – for Internal Policy Deliberation NATA data can be used to show state wide com parison? what do we want to use? Yes Total cancer risk ?estimated by using exposure model and concentrations of air toxics, Non-cancer Hazard, or 6 Concentration of air toxic, benzene, formaldehyde. Total Cancer Risk 2014 NATA The figure below shows total cancer risk by census tract contributed by a lifetime of exposure to air toxics. The contribution to total cancer risk from benzene and formaldehyde is shown for each census tract. Tofol Cancer Risk by Census Trocf in MA Source: EPA 20 I 4v? NATA Cancer Risk [life lime cancer risk per million] File: Dhugl 8 8 a. Ln Range of Risk in River Area {26?29} a. C: L.) 3 - 2f} Tofol cancer risk Lifetime Concer Risk {per million) a Formaldehyde cancer risk Could also (or) present as a table, for example: NATA Cancer Risks and Benzene Concentrations - (not preferred) These are the benzene yalues modeled for the tracts within 2 km of the proposed Weymouth compressor site (see appendix for method used to identify tracts) and the excess lifetime cancer risks and respiratory HI calculated from the modeled benzene concentration. For comparison, the table includes total cancer risk from all sources and the respiratory hazard index (HI). [Remember these risk caics are done by EPA and so not have the same exposure assumptions as the AAL and DRAFT for Internal Policy Deliberation Illustration only* Tract TOWN Tract Population Modeled Benzene Ambient Concentration (ug/m3) Total Cancer Risk from Benzene (per million) Total Cancer Risk (per million) Respiratory Hazard Index 25021417802 Quincy 3150 0.8 6 35 1 25021417901 Quincy 6048 1.0 8 37 1 25021417902 Quincy 3542 1.0 7 37 2 25021419400 Braintree 3166 0.9 6 33 1 25021422600 Weymouth 6668 0.7 5 30 1 25021422700 Weymouth 3842 0.7 6 33 1 25021422800 Weymouth 3852 0.8 6 34 1 State Xxx Xxx X 35 x *Note values in table are from NATA 2011. Values in NATA 2014 are lower, e.g., all HI are less than 1 for every tract in the state. 2. Assess current ambient concentrations of measured air pollutants in the study area and modeled air pollution concentrations from the proposed compressor station - MassDEP A. Assess baseline air quality conditions using monitoring data collected by MassDEP in the study area MassDEP will assess baseline air quality conditions by collecting monitoring data for 40 volatile organic compounds (VOC) including, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and formaldehyde1 in the study area and comparing the results to statewide levels and MassDEP ambient air guidelines. MassDEP guidelines are health based guidelines that are designed to be protective of public health. MassDEP compares the NTEL2 and the TEL3 and designates the lower concentration as the AAL.4 1 VOCs are measured using EPA Method TO-15 by SIM. MassDEP contracted with Alpha Analytical Laboratory to prepare and transport canisters, analyze samples, provide QA/QC and documentation. BTEX continuous monitor measured by xxx and formaldehyde measured by xxx. List of analytes will be included in appendix. 2 Non-Threshold Effects Exposure Limits (NTELs) based on known or suspected carcinogenic health effects. The NTEL is a concentration associated with a one in a million excess lifetime cancer risk over a lifetime of continuous exposure. 3 Threshold Effects Exposure Limits (TELs) based on non-cancer health effects. The TEL is a concentration intended to protect the general population, including sensitive populations such as children, from adverse health effects over a lifetime of continuous exposure. TELs take into account the fact that people may be exposed to a chemical from other sources, including indoor air, food, soil and water. The TEL is compared to a 24 hour average concentration. 6 DRAFT – for Internal Policy Deliberation [Want to answer the question – are we already exposed to more air toxics than other communities in MA?] Monitoring Data Below is an example of a mock-up of a figure summarizing concentrations of each chemical, one box plot of each e.g. benzene, formaldehyde and other chemicals that were detected. (7days of monitoring at 5 monitoring locations) full data presented in Appendix. Summary figure in HIA report. Box Plot of multiple variables Spreadsheet1 5v*5c Mean; Box: Mean±SE; Whisker: Mean±2*SD 10 TEL for Var1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 Var1 Var2 Mean Mean±SE Mean±2*SD Raw Data Outliers Extremes Compare monitored concentration to state-wide levels measured at the state monitors in Roxbury, Lynn and Chicopee. Results from samples at the state monitoring sites collected during the same time period as the samples for Fore River HIA will not be available before the HIA needs to be completed. Thus the results from the samples collected for the Fore River HIA will be compared to the concentrations of air toxics measured over the last 3 years during the same time period. Compare monitored concentration to TEL (need to be cautious about comparing 24hr samples to AAL which is compared to the annual average. Could compare in box plot above for several chemicals. Use a table for comparing all to TEL and AAL(?) Show BTEX continuous monitor results to 1) illustrate variability in conc. by time of day, day of week. 2) compare to other Fore River samples? 4 Since, in general, NTELs are lower than TELs, most AALs are based on the NTEL, or risk of excess cancer. For chemicals that do not pose cancer risks, the AAL is based on the TEL. The AAL is compared to an annual average concentration. 7 DRAFT – for Internal Policy Deliberation B. Assess modeled emission concentrations from the proposed compressor station MassDEP will prepare contour maps of the air dispersion modeling for the proposed compressor station to identify locations most likely to be impacted by emissions of benzene, formaldehyde, and acrolein. In addition, MassDEP will compare the modeled emissions concentrations from the air dispersion modeling for the proposed compressor station to statewide levels of PM2.5, NO2, benzene, formaldehyde and MassDEP Ambient Air Guidelines. This will assess the incremental exposure from the proposed compressor station. The concentration may be the maximum concentration projected to be emitted or some other measures. Want to answer the question – will the emissions from the facility harm me/my family? NAAQS results Air Toxics results Show rate of decline of modeled concentrations from highest modeled conc. What is concentration at first buildings off-site, at park, other key places in community? Consider plotting the areas where the cancer risk contribution from the three largest 8contributors to cancer risk combined is greater than 1 in 1 million. I.e., Sum of modeled cancer risk(benzene, formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene) = Modeled conc (benzene) + Modeled conc (formaldehyde) + Modeled conc (1,3butadiene) AAL (benzene) AAL (formaldehyde) AAL (1,3butadiene) The AAL is the concentration where lifetime cancer risk from exposure to the chemical is 1 in 1 million. C. Assess the cumulative impact from the modeled emission concentrations from the proposed compressor station in conjunction with baseline air quality conditions MassDEP will assess the cumulative exposure from the proposed compressor station by comparing the modeled emissions concentrations from the air dispersion modeling plus existing background concentrations to statewide levels of PM2.5, NO2, benzene, formaldehyde and MassDEP Ambient Air Guidelines. Want to answer the question – will the emissions from the facility harm me/my family since they will be added to the exposures we already receive. 8 DRAFT – for Internal Policy Deliberation Assess cumulative impact from modeled emission concentrations--- need to be clear that modeled conc. are the maximum conc. expected at the most impacted location. Ambient concentration shown is, for example the annual average at the Roxbury monitor or highest 24-hr concentration measured during HIA monitoring period. Also be clear that TEL and AAL assume 70 years of exposure to that concentration. If use a figure with multiple chemicals, could add bar for each chemical indicating the associated AAL or TEL. OR Use a table Cancer Risk (but also one for Hazard index?) VOCs detected during air monitoring Chemical Measure (max measured? Mean?, xth highest conc.?) of Fore River Ambient Concentration (ug/m3) Measure of State Background (Roxbury/Lynn, whichever is most similar to FR) Ambient Concentration (ug/m3) Modeled Emission Concentration (highest) (ug/m3) Sum max (fore river, state monitors) existing and max modeled (ug/m3) AAL (ug/m3) Indicate if sum greater than AAL Benzene Formaldehyde Toluene Xylene (total) 9 DRAFT – for Internal Policy Deliberation Others detected: acetone, ethylbenzene, styrene, naphthalene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, etc. -----------------------------------------Include in appendix Weymouth Fore River Area Tracts Below is map with 1 and 2 km radius circles around the proposed compressor site. Census tracts in the 2 km radius are listed in the table below. Weymouth_Area TRACT-TOWN TRACT TOWN 25021422800 weymouth 25021422700 weymouth 25021422600 weymouth 25021419400 braintree 25021417802 quincy 25021417901 quincy 25021417902 quincy 10 DRAFT – for Internal Policy Deliberation DRAFT for Internal Policy Deliberation 11