THIS FILE HAVE BEEN ALL DOCUMENTS DECLASSIFIED IN ACCORDANCE WITHTHE TERMS OF HOME (ED) NOTICE 3/1998 Nme *5 Hi?twl? Ruin-H lillu?v 1 manna H. I I'mnk rilylm,? F, - . . BROTHERS (Lnuhm RIGHTS 0 TRIM. FUR . BLA 6? PEOPLE The ise has been a systematic exposure of 3815:: :fhtl?lf NII?angrove Nine grinds was. An Action Committee of concern? way in.WhiCh the prosecution, The trial 3.1? cc at the Old Bailey. ed people called and organised the dem? ces of th . 1 ence, trles t9 play. on the prejudi- ises out of the struggle of onstration to bring this feeling, in a per? 6 Jury? 0f the way the judge the blaCk community of Britain for free? fectly legal way, onto the streets. As plays the part of chief prosecutor, attacking and dom from the growing Oppression of this witness after witness said, when the obstructing the defence. The trial has brought government, its police, its courts, its demonstration, 300 strong, reached out -the reality 0f the oppression we face from laws old and new. The defence of the Portnall and Marban Road, the [301106 police and courts and the determination 0f blaCk nine brothers and sisters, who are char- cordoned Off the attaeked ?rm: to answer 1t.point by pomt? ged with conspiracy to riot, affray and it and attempted to break it Br: af?nints say th-ey h?ve no case to answer- assault on police, is an important part In the confusion that followed, the police to wash 9t 11:,defendmg hlmself? aSked the jury of that struggle. arrested 30 people. Of the nine who in the 11.8 ands Diff the charges, to have ?0 part The Immigration Bill and the Industrial face?charges at the Bailey only four were p0 we conspiracy or the legal frame Relations Bill that this government has arrested on that day. The five others passed, the twenty bomb attacks on the were rounded up upto a year later. homes of black people in the last year, At the preliminary hearing the police case of 'incitement to riot? collapsed. the murder of David Oluwale by the Leeds police and the events in and around the The police tried to change the charge to Mangrove trial itself show us quite clear- 'riot' . Magistrate David Wacher refu? sed to have it on the grounds that police 1y how Britain intends to deal with its people. Our response is equally clear. witnesses themselves had said that the We are not willing to be dealt with in demo broke up in a 'spontaneous melee'. this way. On Oct. 5th. when the case began at the 4W. . As sister Althea Lecointe, one of the Old Bailey, the brother: and sisters . . .4. . . . . found that this charge 0 'conspiracy 1/4. ea defending themselves in this trial, riot' had been brought back. V, pointed out, the demonstration in Notting The trial began with the unanimous on Aug: 9th' 1970 out Of WhiCh the demand from the defendants for an all charges arise, ?should never have been black jury a jury drawn from a comm- necessary", The police Of that area in unity which is aware of the background med? had for years harassed and bru? and position of black people in this cou- talised the people of Nottmg Hill. The ntry. Judge Edward Clark, working Mangrove restaurant, one of the nerve with the Clerk of the Court and the denied this demand which InWM, centres of the communiy had been prosecution, raided without reason several times. the law of Britain is supposed to guar- Ev1dence 1n the trial showed how h1gh ante e. As the jury was being selected, king the oath a black brother was ta when the prosecution objee yum. . had him . the resentment of the brothers and sis- ters, both defendants and witnesses, against this constant unchecked brutality WE DEMAND JUSTICE FOR THE MANGROVE BLACK pr: nAnnAssroozgl?E aim IN 8 cursing . . p502.? . ,n .49 OLD BAILEY - hoursThe Class ~f hnu- .1 saying .3 IED .. for the rich woo?hvrf one 13W .. t. nrihc poor? 5' (km iv I \ean arm-of)! (x u-zmvm the Mangrove 9 triallmdecl and I i; i truth n! trus- and also that there is early I . .ack and Another for whites 0136le for I Before the th it. . clerk Jae: that their nelativos would notcbtemed we into 0 ?0110f the court . -, as is comm :Ifiid irsicnd he would give them two ticket:n Fracture- onuld be used to enter the public pile 68d? shouted openly that there ?as a plan tor} I T1113 :?cm trial. The tickets were returned to 13:03:13?: a 1? A i an fucezinssted that the normal procedure beyfollow?he MIL po..ce of die court made determined efforts to . Buniis people coming and going from the court CA asustants of the defence lawyers and solicito were stopped outside the court and searched 1?5 03 se yer-a1 occasions cars belonging to black people parsed-at meters outside the court were towed awa lb the police without justi?cation. - 1* {mg I The courtroom and the dock have not been able to isolate I - these nine brothers and sisters from the community and . J. struggle of which they are a part. In the firs ek of - the trial brothers and sisters from the community. car was legitimately parked and a Commander turned and - . protesting against political frame-ups picketed the the.c?mer' At 12 0'0100k manded that the picket be 01" Bane)? The Police, frightened by this show of suppo en the pllket reiassembled? the They said that the picket was likel from the community, complained to the clerk of the court ros. and 315? noticed that the police to cause a breach of the peace as :3 who came outside and reported back to the judge who said had ??84 away the car with?the pla- member of the public might attack he had no objections as long as it was not 'in contempt of car.? They Showed their de?ermi' the Picket. He was not, asham i court, . natlon to carry on with the picket. A saying that in a racist societyeth: Tuesday the 7th Dec. a second picket was nised. collection was made, cards, mark? police saw it as their duty to break I about ten o'clock brothers and sisters ass led and e: 811335611? tape bought and 25 new up a legal Pi0ket t0 protect racists silently circled the island in front of the main building. We Evit?aiicrzrasl?gxg The gmket from annoyance. He ordered his were simply exercising the right, to protest against injust? mination was back bully boys to attack and they swarmed ice, that this country pretends to give us. The police were The police were furious The: stood Into the street ,grabbing and DUBhing enraged by the show of solidarity and determination and in single file formation along the gegongtratorssix police fell upon- reacted by towi ng away a black brother's car from a par? pavements surrounding the picket. to the regordy Galloway and beat him king meter. At about eleven o'clock, the brothers and . groun . They then arrested ut in At 12.40 two Chief of police h1m and Charged mm W1 assault- sisters took a break for an hour.The placards were ?Milli? ?ll \8 ?ll Bill]. ON THE 213T OF JANUARY THE YOUNG BROTHER, ATTACKED BY SIX POLICE- MEN WHILE PICKETING OUTSIDE THE OLD BAILEY, WILL APPEAR AT GUILD- HALL COURT AT 10 am. (NEAREST STATION: BANK) THE PHOTOGRAPH (LEFT) SHOWS WHO ASSAULTED WHOM. 13 DECEMBER AT 10a. HIBD PICKET ON MONDAY tube: St Paul's? OUTSIDE OLD BAILEY (neares in, MW I. dmuw to this address must. he uin'dur double cover. . (,orm pun I The outrr should be addressed to :w is nu. sum STREET 3.0.. LONDON. SWIA 21]. H03 mud not to any indxvuhml. PARLIAMENT STREET 3.0.. LONDON, $730 1ohphont None 01 734 ?'30 [in .. "[030 0780 llu. Your Ref. 25th January, 1972 Dear Mr. Van, Thank you for your letter of 19th January 1972, As Kirsted I now enclose notes on the nine individuals concerned. for :hzgelgiefa?d Prlmarily for our representatives in the Caribbean resume of theaC :ison. In eeclrcase, paragraph one gives a. brief sew?), info 0:31? case end 13.113 mcludes information from the Press. comes from dell:131a ton is given 1n Peregraph two, and a3 SOme Of this secret. 10% sources requlrmg protection the notes are graded Yours sincerely DoHoJo Hilary, Esq, Horseferry House, Home Office Enc . r?roww I KENTISH, Rothwell Wesley Roddy JCWK Born: 30.4.31 Jamaica H0 329/' ?43 Address: 28 St. Luke's Mews, Notting Hill, W.11 Occupation: Unemployed KENTISH was charged with riotous asse . mbly, unlawfully fighting and Eakgng an affray and having in his possession an offensive weapon a piece ~rack). was defended by Mr. Inigo BYNG. In his evidence KENTISH Kilwastin Portnall Road throwing bricks but had joined the demon- . ega ions that he had invited coloured were false. He was acquitted. 0 JOln the marCh 2. KENTISH came to the U.K. from Jamaica in December 1957. He is reported to be violently anti-police and prepared to take part in any Black Power demonstrations. He is not thought to be a member of the Black Panther Movement. A charge brought against him in October 1970 of attempting to murder a police officer is still outstanding. orn: 27.1.47 Trinidad Occupation: Labourer Address: 29 Ashchurch Grove, W.12. INNIS was accused of riotous assembly, unlawfully fighting and making an affray, causing grievous bodily harm and assaulting a police constable and having in his possession an offensive weapon a piece of brick). He was legally represented by James GOUDI. He was Convicted of assaulting police officers and sentenced to nine months imprisonment suspended for two years. - IX. MILLETT, Godfrey Dominic Francis Roy CABOO Born: 21.5.49 Grenada. Address: 10 St. Elmo Road, Shepherds Bush, W.12 Occupation: Paint sprayer. MILLETT was accused of riotous assembly and unlawfully fighting and making an affray. He was legally represented by Leonard WOODLEY. He was acquitted. 2. MILLETT CABOO is said to be an associate of militant black extremists in the Notting Hill area. December 1971 :riThe Trial of the Mangrove nine - 1 tho?Nottgg Sanday,9th took place in' . of 1970 ins 111 area. Its origins lie in actions taken thrOughOut the summer reSpect of the Jangrove restaurant an establishment purporting to _serveIWest.Indians with their own national diah?stbut?in.fact a meeting place . and operation centre for lo cal drug pedlars, pence: and prostitutes The do ntration was organised end~planned.by an Action Committee oomprinedfof bleok men ~Leaflets advertising the event were circulated among the coloured cemmunity and. the obaect of the demonstratiOn was to draw attention to alleged Police harr- _assment of coloured people in the~Fotting Hill planning the demon- fg~ vstration and before_the march started'the organisers are said to have stresSed' I again and.again that it must be peaceful.? IThroughout the demOnetration there_ LI _l ?were;ehouts of "pigs, pigs, get rid of the pigs.? 7Stop black people herrassment"f? y,,and in Panther actiViet) called for a show of Black Power against the "pig" Police stating that "violence be met by I violence, power must be gained in the arose when the demon; strators made a diverSion into a read where?therelwas a large building site full - debris, bricks and pieces.of_wood which were used-to throw at the Police and, - .. attack individual Police officers.. [Nineteen'persons were arrested andl ytwenty_four Policemen were injured, six requiring hospital treatment;' :In the l" main the marchers, some 120, Consisted of blacks, thugs and criminals who regb 7" - 13'- - 2. 'j In October 1971 began the trial at the Central Criminal Court of the nine' 9 V?black militants (seven men and two women) popularly knOwn_as the Mangrove Nine r?r for their part'in the riot in.August 1970, .-All.pleaded not guilty-to chargee' and assault.? Throughout trial'the defendants and their representatiVes_were as obstructive as possible. 'ijir they demanded an all black jury and When~this was refused raised Objection fifto 77 jurors, the maximum number'possible; until a jury which included two blacks .., 5? men, Was finallstelectedi". During the trial fighting broke out_in the dock-, f? and allegations of racialiem and prejudice were banded about. The trial ended oni15th.DeCember When five were acQuitted and four convicted. Two, RhOdan r,'t and Althea convicted of causing an affray and three, . and Rupert convicted of assaulting Police . Officers} INNIS and BOYCE Were sentenced to_nine months imprisonment and I fifte months,gall sentences were suspended for two years.' . The Black_Panthers who throughout the trial had canvassed support for .. the Mangr0ve Nine from other black-extremist and leftfwing groups and who in the latter stages arranged for picketing outside the Central.Criminal Court ?were extremely surprised and highly delighted result, for clearly a they expected harsher treatment. "At the end of the case a remarkable celebration .118 said to have taken place With jurors buying_the acquitted defendants drink. The two black jurors are knewn to have been taken to the Black Panther Headquarters for a celebrationLmoh publicity for the hangrove Nine appeared in leftwing/Black'Power extremist Journals including "Babylon", a recent Black Power publication put out by the-Revolutionary Peeple's communications Network, Algiers/New York.under the. editorship of Eldridge the U.S. Black PanthersCommittee has been set up to 5. Following the trial a hangrove Trial Defence], . which monies haVe-been-contributediby seyeralgleit_groupa including the Spartacus League .j9f?_ fa; . -. December 1971 .. . . arch Elli gigute shiefe ?0 E: ?;lgd I mmit' . r11. No. i annumnzm Classified COW 5mm MAR) the Before this file 13 marked P.A. ably consider whether it can usame be de-clnoeified. If it cannot fan 8 be de-clnaaified then give below a date when de-claeeitiontion es? can be reconsidered. same arres 3h Bot A2. 62 .tonvi $19104 Ttacus F?s. . ., 1" "?5-. i.u332;. 772.: - 00") .. . LITAN POI- 3.8. No. 1 (Flimsy) METRQPO BHANCH SPOCFBI Report} of ?11899? susomeow-Brae,k 3 on ?1 mar over 1~ Th1 port concerns a 8 re hal'ra? alleged by coloured person: against 9th August. 1970 in th About which took place on Sunday, NOtting Hill, North Kensington an iderabla violence 120 coloured persons took part. 0039 no were arre?tod' ., broke out during the lawn and 19 Fargo trateg court at I, These 'will all appear at Marylebone 1 uniformed 10aom..on Monday, 10th AuguSt: 7970' 1; their being constables received 133111-158 resulting admitted to hospital. i . 2. The demonstration W88 CRITCHLOW, a West Indian, owner of the Hang 11s ed 8: All Saints Road, 13!.11, in protest against a police discrimination towards his restaurant, a after 3 various visits and searches by police for drugs. .an 7138' haVng- been served with a number of summonses for serv refreshments after hours without a licence. For some the days previously, various posters had been displayed in Wind-6W8 of the restaurant advertising the demonstration, and leaflets were distributed within the various local West Indian communities, calling for support for the demonstration against 'discriminatory police action? . I was established previously that some support had been promised by Abdul MALIK, alias Hichael X, the self-styled leaderof Black Power in this country, and the Brixton Chapter. of the Black Panthers, headed by 'Eddie' Rhodon GORDON and other members of interested West Indian semi-political groupsiwere also known to have attended pro-planning meetings for this demonstration. xilburn 81'0? r?w 1-, 3. From 2.30pm. on 9th August, demonstrators gathered outside the Mangrove Restaurant, and at 3pm. they were addressed briefly by Althea JONES-LEBOINTE, a coloured woman-(who was later arrested - see appendix and an individual, coloured, who could not beeidentified called for a show of ?Black Power' ageing; the pig police?, who, she claimed, were harnessing and people. They were using force against the coloured pepulation, she said, and "violence must not by violence, power must be gained in the street-g". Lt. At 3.10p.n., race anied uni the demonstrators, mainly yogg .?olourgd 231m? slogans and carrying banners (which are listed ?an? marched to Netting Dale Police Station which ipendi found to be protected by a contingent of police tn hey continued through back streets to Notting Hill f?olien ggf?sion, gleam}, was similarly pgotected. After cs on of 8 road to the poiiggior 895/30?! W1 12 "0?20 3 - . tf??10n For naunlon of shoutln? "3:3306 001b0?rne R08 I march uontinuod alon? h..urok0 ?1 Road W.94 At the and Harrow Road, into Port??l 'an area vortnall Road, the first Junction of Road Dr?d?m1??"31? OQUUpiad by oulourod persons, cm the upetairo window fr ying uniformed police, Bricks, 5. A brick wnu thrown on the monatrators. at police, and broken or Hour?by house at NW1 His-y were then out upon 'ilk bottles an banners were banner handles gore used as weapons to attack indigigual ??1100 Officers. Police reinforcements were callewhig? ?dd Uftor.about a quarter of an hour of fighting, 80L appendix A a.number Msrban Road into Bravington with their march /Serie r?8?lt?d in noveral arrests oi.thc dumonatratopg moved along They continue ilen/of incidents Road, where they ro?formed. ?3 far he Shirland Road, where a 91m oocurred, resulting in further violence when various mluuil?s were used against police and.more arrests took place Th0 SituatIOn remained tense for about half an hour, ouring ?hich time the demonstrators were asked by senior pOllce officers to leave. They gradually dispersed, and by 5.10p.m. the area was clear of demonstrators. . It would appear most probable that'the seemingly aimless march around the back streets of Ladbroke.Grove and Harrow Road.wae designed to lead.the accompanying - uniformed police as far from reinforcements.and aid as possible before a pro-calculated situation led to their being attacked by the demonstrators in a mainly coloured There can be little doubt that ?Oldunt tank 6. residential area. incident was contrived as an excuSe'to attack police, and it will be seen that most of those arrested?were young coloured persons who have not previously come to the notice of this Branch, their leaders carefully staying- clear of involvement with police.. The organisers may well al coloured residents, but Love hoped for assistance from loc this was not forthcoming. tirely 7. Uniformed police arrangements were on ements, although not Openly in mes throughout the adequate, and reinforc ev1dence, were readily available at all ti a more serious situation Had this not been so, have arisen due to the obvious vi 1 participants. - . 0 intent Of the 6 Submitted Rh - cc 0. n. Reference Mr Jamel . 21ft?!" Mr hawsthorne Er Weddell/ft; Hr Wright i . 'Mr James"? :h:llnr We hzwr?. Running: an on (I developments in North cont Tomes will be in!? and Mr . .l lL'l 1 h" (in. ..- from to' u. \?11 \tu'ljt?I. hivinion point of copy of the police riport . . on Notting Hill wh it ir ting us have a copy 0 the report on the ?v will also be let Holsti our. officwr in IsJiugton minor and would hate youths. Hc the Council at press encouraging black photographers. 3. These disturbing I think it has been tru minimal and that it has of coloured people in Fh the question of revi which was pronuced in 1 reviewed since then. M. inc1dcnta in lslington. that Hr Norris. the Dopu Commission. to has reported that the passe chairman of the Islington tended the court hearing and were recent manifestations of Bloc if they are an indication the have an affoc? on community relations kept informed of any growth Mr Morris has promised to On this it might be worth recording Secretary of the Community local community relations trouble there was very had concerned white Community Relations disturbed to find the Black Power salute for ty General 113 us that the unnoticed if i youths to give the Power activity are the movement is going to work generally. Up to now to say that the movement's effect has been carried little weight with the great majority his country. We must make sure that we are in its influence and I am taking up with tailed assessment of Black Power far as I know_hss not been sing a de 96d and which so let us have his of the unity relations point of view. 1 recent incidents from the comm '48 Lbs!? he has had some contact with 5. He has incidentally told Michael and black house. He thought they mi do useful work the Community carefuilv. They have applied to but should be watched Relations Commission for apparently has it in mind that a grant for their the Commissi library and Er Morris 'on might be able to help the need to proceed them get books. He tells us he recognise charges against Michael menaccs arose out House. Black House does the welfare rffi cautiously and I hope he does. and others 0 of attempts forcib Although we a in As you know the recon robbery and demanding money with ly to obtain funds for Black hcuid not perhaps assume that everything the race relations field is necessarily bad Brother Herman, is reported as taking a ay be getting inVolved with some sensible line the Commission difficult customers. 6. One of the worryi community reJations po the trouble has been reports, for example, unemployment rate for high as 22% i.e. very DEE and the Race Relat the possible impiicati DEF had already arrang the recent incidents from t.e int of VICW is the suggestion that much of i he work of unemployed west Indian youths and by Stevenson and Mr Wallis, that the West indian youths in North London is as considerably higher than the average. The ions Board have both expressed concern about one of these reports and Er Morgan of the ad to hold a meeting this afternoon to discuss and Mr Wallis. Mr Fries will be ng aspects of ?0 7? their survey witn Mr Stevenson attending for the Division. . 7. Here again, if the reports are substantiated we shall have to stion of employment opportunities for take a fresh look at the qua: young coloured people. quickly or provide Bla heir influence than a youngsters. ?11? A Howard-Drake .1 Division 1 August 1970 I can mu 1 Joy will lead to racial trouble more with a better opportunity to extend ployment rate among coloured ?oth ck Power high unem ?i ll . - . r, 0 I. 3' Of 8- Yard I attach! as Promised, material from New SCOtland 6 giving (in One document) an assessment by Commander Eeiven xt of the significance of recent incidents in the general ??nte Of community relations and relations between the 901106 and coloured communities in London; and giViDE 3Pe?ial Branch sonS? .4 general comment with some detail about organisations and per :1 In a covering letter to me Er. mark says: "On the continuance of the investigation of Sunday's incident I cannot say mere at present than that consideration will be given within about seven days to Charging all, or almost all, of the prisoners with affray. The gathering and evaluation of evidence naturally makes it difficult to be more precise at the moment. a - There is one other aspect of the last incident that I propose to discuss with the Commissioner on his return; namely, the need for police to be able to reply immediat?' to malicious allegations oouched.in general terms. 1 i think that, notwithstanding the difficulties, we should explore the possibility of improving the present rather irritating situation in which by the time the truth is known the press and the public have lost interest in itJ\ I I also promised comment on the bearing of race relati?g? ?lggislation on what has lately been said and done by the blag; Broadly, the legislation is aimed at putting a I militants. stop to discrimination in the provision of services or 1] facilities (including advertisements relating to this). Some/i .- of the activities or intended activities of the Black House (mg. the establishment of a supermarket to buy from coloured people for sale to coloured. people) might be questionable an?x' might have to be considered by the Race Relations Board. But the more interesting aspect of the legislation for 6 of t% I present purposes is that there is a provision (acetic on . for a pore makes it an offenc Race Relations Act 1965) which the public ion 0 with intent to stir up hatred against any sect i or ethn in Great Britain distinguished by colour, race or national origins to is (1) publish or distribute written matter which I threatening, abusive or insulting: use at any public place or any public meeting ?O?ga . which are threatening, abusive or insulting 1f\1n either case the matter or words (11) 't hatred against the section of the public concerned on grounds of colour, race or ethnic or national origins. A prosecution may be instituted in England and Wales only by or with the consent of the Attorney-General. The section was not intended to penalise ordinary discussion or legitimate controversy. The idea was that it would ho used to deal with organised campaigns of incitement to' racial hatred rather than With isolated incidents. ?Liko the root of race relations legislation, it was conceived more to protect minorities against the malice of the British Colin Jordan) than topootect the Britishaagainst Black Power or other coloured minorities.rc There are inhibitions of two kinds about prosecutions under the section: The provision treads on delicate ground since it plainly threatens some encroachment on freedom of speech. Parliament accepted that the encroachment was Justifiablc for the purpose of checking emergent agitators who'were intent on introducing hatred into race relations. Th?r? 13 a risk that prosecutions may arouse public ?VmPa?hv for thooe prosecuted (and consequently antipa?hy towards those who were the EubJeCt of the incitement) and give wider publicity to racialiat views. One would not expect the point at to count for much in the Present context but you will have noted the emph8313 which Roy Sewn has been laying on the need for a public inquiry on relations.between the police and coloured people. He and his friends may?be reckoning that if they make enough Public stir they will attract some sympathy from all the shades of opinion which can be rollied on a cry of "police brutality", and he might be expected to use a trial for the some purposes. This sort of opportunism would be in line with what Commander Neivens says about the basis for action at Caledonian Road and Notting Hill. We hope to receive a note from the Community Relations Commission giving their view on recent events. When you see Dr. Pitt next week you may like to take the Opportunity of working out a general course of action to be followed OVer a period. The following main points occur to me: (1) Dr. Pitt may prove not to be in very close touch with the springs of recent action, but he is eloquent (and, I think, very convincing) on the importance of good relations between police and West Indians. I have a lively memory of his sombre talk to a conference in March this year about his recurring nightmare based on the suppoeition that one day a British policeman would be obliged to kill a West Indian. He has thought very seriously but may be willing to confess that he has few solutions peoplo tmont of coloured It in (11) we know vary ?on Hut. roorui police norvioo in of kn onndidatoa not to be up maintaining both to the importance. th W111 003. difficult buunulo tho few mmonly found uto standard; forward urn co and the police insist on physical and educational approach 1 standards. The moat encouraging line of a limaly to be through cadet training and we are at present anauring that several 0 training couraee together - working on tho posnibilitioa oioured cadets can be taken through thair another aupport in order to enable them to give one to Chief We have in the past talks and confidence. and it 16 probably time to constables on thiq aubJeot have another go at them. It may also be time to enlist the active help of the Caribbean High who in a talk not lung ago with your predecessor Bald in general terms that they would try to help. (111) Mr. Crawford ham had a lot to say about the only way 'of breaking down distrust of the police being the establishment of acme ayatem for independent handling or complaints anainet the police. This seems to me a gross oversimplification and, although I have an independent element can be introduced, it will not be on a big enough scale to aatisry Mr. Crawford or others. But Dr. Pitt's views about this might be worth having. (iv) Criticism of the "establishment" by coloured leaders extends beyond the police to the Judiciary. It is of ten said that coloured pacple cannot expect their - (V) You will probably feel th Cogies: ietratos against the word word to be taken by the mag a white in particular, or a white person and: we on the truth policeman. Again, Mr. Pitt?s vie this might be wort at when the immediat (as I hope and exp usefully make a majoz and Significance of having; heat has gone out of the situation set it will in a few weeks) you could speech which would regret the attempts of nut representatite coloured leaders to provoke violence and to act back the very real efforts made by the recounting the attempts at and in general police and others; improvement made on the police Side; try? to defuse the situation. If, however, incidents recur in the next'week or two, an early speech would be desirable and you might think it right to hold discuesions with Members in the main constituencies effected. th -u -st to Lord Windleshem 91? Philip Allen no Weller Mr. Wright (:13 1?:an - a givAngus: 197? 2~ 2- roves" IN THE UNITED KINGDOM I . L. as or 385101 I. At the outset. it must be stressed that there are colours gen; .5- . are extremist in this country which are not or themselves extremist, and tear Those organisations in not exclusively coloured. unately few in L0 ?Black Power". Organisations which or . and are are combined are fort upon or mainly supporting ind the only forms 0 which the two eleme for virtually confined to those wholly we extremism it is in the "Black Power" concept that and down which are exclusive to black people. The numerous organisations . the country, particularly the local council liaison.committees operating ant under the umbrella of the government sponsored National Committ?e Of mun. COmmonwealth Immigrants (now renamed Community Relations BoardSJ all Of which are fostering the general principles of racial a lessenini of colour prejudice, cannot be regarded as coming within the orbit 0f organisations, even although in certain cases executive positions may be held by coloured extremists. rated 9?4 which, has been given an eragge "Black Power" is a concept and a term 2. sense of importance and status out of all perspective. In this respect, the national press, radio and television can be held primarily responsible, for - as leaders ndividuals have been referred to, or introduced, In time and again i of "Black Power" when in fact they were the leading personalities of small groups numbering no more than 50/60 persons, and never deserved or warranted more ambitious descriptions. 3. "Bhack Power", as a promotional force, is incapable of definition ticns owing allegiance to it. It has its 6 except by reference to the organise and its heartland_in the USA, where it burst upon the public during the seasonal outbreaks of civil disorder in the Spring of 1966. Its name was coined, so it is said, by a white man, Senator Eastland of Kississippi, who saw it strictly from the white man's viewpoint as a threat to white seeiety. _Its arch?apostle was the demagogue Stokely CARRICHAEL, who spread [If - i I 2 1 (my iris. i ONS IN THE ORGANISATI It 1 I i 1. UNIVERSAL BLACK INProhmboP Ob?tili?iliit i in null. if This organisation, the successor to the Netting dell it); ciation (Ltd.) was formed in_Nay 196 9 August 1970 at Eotting 9 as a vehicle Help) Asso Hill chore has Until the incidents on woption)? xith the particular'group since its in? W10 on $0.7.69 when communalism. been little action from this tobello Road. . Qf?consrea possible exception of an incident in For dent when an out? Police were severely harassed following an acci Police vehicle fatally injured a coloured man. n- The prime movers in the organisation are hensai nathOAH Vinubhai Fakirbhai PATEL, Alicia AKBAR, Ajoy Shankar GROSS and BROWN. Roy SAWH and Abdul MALIK also have loose connections organisation. Generally speaking the group is predominantly west Indian in composition and is more aligned to a concept of Mother Africa as promoted by the Korea u" American organisations, Republic of New Africa and the Africa?HAmerioaa Repatriation Association. This group was used as a vehicle by Fran? CRITCHLOW, owner of the Mangrove Restaurant, 8 All Saints Ross. $12, organise the demonstration against alleged police brutality an? harassment held at Notting.Hill on 9 August 1970, during the course of which violence was-used against police. 2, ACTION FOR JUSTICE This organisation, formed in August 1969 by Michael prominent member of the Universal Coloured Peoole's Associatior promote actiVities oppos1ng alleged police brutality towards coloured people. Its main activities to da to have been a number or minor semesstretioas outside Brixton Prison. {f1 ?Tan,??q gram ahaanq?? t? 1?53r'i ?man? A Lori. 1c x: formant in 00 tube 1* 3' (Lil;- anufhmu Thin Imam orgnruinntlun. Atria: with a vlow to its activilioc to inter-Mt in nation ravuitm M?rionn tradition! and culturc. . PLAN: The Black Panthers in tho organinntion bound on block cxcluaivicn with a minimum of political undertone. although uuppurt tends to be givon to tho U.C.P.A. on occasion. Obi MODUNA uuod to load by Um Lin-ma? this body, but bin activities have boon noriouoly inhibitod year suspended contonoo imposed on him in Dccombor 1968. The urixion led by 'Eddio' LECOINTE in now the most active group in this organiuntion. and Joined in the demonstration against alleged on 9 August at Notting Hill. 5. BLACK ALLIANCE The Black Pooplos? Alliance (B.P.A), hailed at itn formation in April 1968 no being the now united front of all tho immigrant organinntionc. appears to have not with the some problomc on becot previoun nttomptn nt unification. The origins of its momborn are no the rocult that their interests'and ccpirationo arc equally ditorcc. Tho primo movers, JOSHI and the more militant Roy quickly roll out, resulting in the dismissal of SAWH at the beginning of 1969. The crannicntion hon name links with the Unitod Staten Black Panther Party. and none monborc took part in the demonstration in Grouvonor Square on 2 March 1970 to protect against imprisonment of Bobby SEALE. lcndon of Amoricnn Black Panther: 5? Thin aopurotint cranniontion won formed in Fobrunny.\969 by Roy SAVE to promote ootivitioo in furthornnoo of his highly individual notiono of racial and social oxoluoivien. It hon ohown no norkoa nativity during the current year. rallr?rn. 1 7' TACK This organisation, another creation of the inventive Michael BARTLETT, was forced early in 1969 to promote racial and social exclusivismc It involved itself in protest demonstrations during an industrial dispute Concerning the dississal of a coloured worker during the Summer of 1969, but its other activities, if any, have not been marked up to'the present 8. T33 UKZVEESAL ASSOCIATION The Universal Coloured People's Association remains one of the main- vehicles of Black Power in this country. Although the leadership and political activation has changed, the U.C.P.A. remains the largest and the nest active coloured peoples' separatist organisation. Theztotal menbership, the vast :ajority of when reside in London, is now estimated'to be less than 100, but no exact figures are available. The inprisonnent of Tony SIRARIS, in February 1969 for inciting persons to carry weapons at a public demonstration, and the expulsion of Harold MOORE, both of who: were sympathetic towards Racism, the Association tended towards Trotskyisu. This became particularly apparent after the election of George Anthony JOSEFB, a member of the International Marxist Grohp, as Treasurer. This trend towards Trotskyisn and International Socialism has been reflected in the various writings published by the U.C.P.A., particularly in articles rinted in "Black Power Hewsletter?, the organ of the which_is published intermittently. During the last year the has been regularly represented at Speakers Corner, Hyde Park. A demonstration was held at Brixton on 2 August 1969 in protest against alleged brutality by police. This demonstration had been advertised as a "Ease Rally?, but in fact less than 50 persons, about a third of when were under 14 years of age, attended. .On 13.9.69 the U.C.P.A. organised a march from Trafalgar Square to the Home Office in protest against the detention of Robert Franklin WILLIAMS, a U.S. citizen wanted in the U.S.A. for kidnapping. who had been refused leave to Iii-a. years (gs-0 the? Fir}: I . . i. B. Peraone- 0n 25'4'70 his domonotrution was uupported by forty and ho 1'0 . Arbour Square Police Station. E1, 338138? the demonstrated outsid About 60 persons: mostly_ alleged police brutality'bvcr the loot decade white attended but there was no disorder. UNIVERSAL COIOURED AND ARABS ASSOCIATION 9- Roy SAWH in opposition to Obi The U.C.P.A.A. was the brain?child EGBUNA's P.A., but the first-named body collapsed and SAWH Joined the Black People's Alliance. However, SAWH, always a militant coloured opportunist, had a serious disagreement with Jagmohan JOSHI and other leaders of the B.P.A., and in February 1969 he formed the Black PeOple'B Party - virtually a one-man-band. 't 10. RACIAL ADJUSTMENT ACTION-SOCIETY This organisation claims to stand.for the unity and solidarity_of all coloured peoples, in particular the coloured minority of Great Britain. It is led by Abdul MALIK. It claims to have over 1,000 members in North London, mainly young coloured West Indians, but probably only about 100 actual members. Also claims to have 27 separate cha?tera throughout the country. Its leading officers are: Abdul MALIK - President Herman Archibald EDWARDS - - Welfare Officer Vincent ms - . Press Officer 5 'EVBrhard BASTIEN - Legal adviser. Its office is at 'The Black House', 95~101 Holloway Road,.N7, and itn "publication is called 'The Black Houne'. APPENDIX LFADING IN THE UNITED 1. MALIKI Michael Abdul DE FREITAS, Miguel. - . i Michael 17.8.33 in Trinidad This man has played a prominent part in "Black Power" activities in founder and leading member of the Racial Adjustment Muslim Brotherhood. ARMICHAEL, Britain, being the He Action Society, the Black Eagles and the Blac V85 closely associated with the visit in July 1967 of Stokely which took the form of a crusade to implant I the coloured American agitator, the violent principles of "Black Power" in this country. irks; I A former part-time rent collector for the late notorious Perec RACHHAN w-class criminals and prostitutes, MALIK professes and a close associate of 10 to be a convert to Islam, believing in.the inherent superiority of all black people and advocates violent methods to enforce this supremacy; He claims to have financial interests in the West Indies but backed by a wealthy young financier, his main interest at present lies in the developments of the "Black House" in Holloway Road, London N1, as a community centre and supermarket for coloured pe0ple in this country. His motives, however, appear to be rooted as much in a desire for money and personal power as in his hatred of white people. He was sentenced under section 6 of the Race Relations Act 1965 to 12 months imprisonment at Reading Borough Quarter Sessions on 9 November 1967 and additionally he has convictions for obstructing police, larceny servant, possession of drugs and permitting premises to be used as a brothel. He is currently on bail to appear at the Inner London Sessions on charges of robbery and blackmail. n. 0? .1-1'98? Loo rlo Sauna SYNARIS, Tony b. at Goa, India. oloured People's Association, A militant supporter of the Universal 0 Vietnam Solidarity ociating with the maoist section of th SINARES was ass ober 1968 on a charge of inciting hen he was arrested on 31 Oct ?ax-?mi 311 of that year- to carry offensive weapons during the "Autumn Offensive as later sentenced to two ye 1y for inciting to carry andhas out At the Central Criminal Court he are imprisonm inciting to riot and one year to run concurrent ssed from prison on 23 June last offensive weapons. He was role the use of the Black since attempted to arms and ammunition fo Power movement . scans: 0b - . A - 18.7.36 at Enugu in Nigeria A leading ember of the Universal Coloured People?s Association and the Black Panthers, EGBUNA has been a vociferous platform speaker, who has mixed with several organisations on the extreme left of the political spectrum. In July 1968 he visited Dr Keene mums, the_former Ghanain politician, at Conakry, Guinea, and brought back a of a speech on "Black Power" ?oy? moms. A self-professed playwright, EGBUNA has convictions for assaulting and police, insulting words, threatening behaviour and wilful damage. Additionally, at the Central Criminal Court on 10 December 1968 he was sentenced totwelve months imprisonment, suspendea. for 3 years, on counts of uttering and conspiring to utter a writing threatening to kill police officers and of conspiring to incite persons to murder police officers. ?9 ?i MARTIN, Pate; 3.3.47 at Lagos, Nigeria 331 Coloured People'3 A prominent and active supporter of the Univer ith Obi cintion and the Black Panther Movement, MARTIN was tried and conspiring to threaten to murder bound over in the sum Aoso EGBUNA on charges of threatenin police officers in December 1968, for which he was of ?50 for three years. However on 30 July 1959 he was for insulting behaviour and on 2 December sentenced to nine months imprisonmen for distributing insulting "Black Power" leaflets. Geese A302 7 b. 6.11.24 A militant and active member of the Universal Coloured PeoPle's Association, GHOSE is well-known in the Rotting Hill area for his participatic in local affairs. He is also connected with several pro-Chinese ogranisationi JAMES, John Edward Johnny 1.11.26 in Guyana Expelled from the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1963 for his pro-Chinese beliefs, JAMES supports "Black Power" in its widest sense. He has been mainly concerned with the Caribbean Workers Movement which he founded but is also extremely active in other organisations on the extreme left. i? ., I :l 'j . 71A SIM-UL Reapnn?r?nyon (9 R01 . 31 Jon ebullient orator at Speakers' Corner, Hyde IPark, SAVE 11,? been deeply involved in the activities of a number of "Black Powe?" 0#ganisat1?na for some years. He has convictions gecorded against him fox obstructing police, assault and under the Race Relations Act, 1965o LECOINTE, Edmund be 16011041 in Jamaica - I. I . i: . A prominent supporter of the Black Panthers and associate of Boy I . SAVE. UDOH, Etulcudoh David 13. 2.10.36 in Nigeria - An associate of Obi EGBUNA and. apparently the principal member of the as Black Panther Solidarity Committee in the United Kiegdon. 11.94. 1r?; 1 ., -.V. i- v. .2 l, r" .TQImnh b. 16.8.43 in Jamaica MARTIN, BARTLETT has A close confidant of Obi EGDUNA and Pete has been the 3-H. ?Black Power" affairs and token a close interest in on. col Coloured Peoples Associati I London organiser of tho Univor SAGAY, Sag b. 7.8.43 in Nigeria A former secretary of the Black Panther Movement and founder of Associate of Obi EGBUNA. 4 the Dynamic Youth MovementSHERVINGTON. Andre Monteith amid 0 Anon b._12.10.23 in Guyana An itinerant demonstrator, SEERVINGTON is extremely sctive in "Black Power" circles and maintains connections with a number of organisations, notably Black Panthers, Universal Coloured Peoples Association and the West indisn Standing Conference. YOUNG, Louis b. 25.10.39 in Nigeria A close friend of Obi EGBUNA, YOUNG is a staunch supporter of the Black Panthers. be more The nttaohod report from New Scotland Yard 1 he ctual even?s of prolln1nary and it deals mainly with the a Sunday. 9th ?ugu? 6 its significance march to and from the Mangrove Restaurant on An Appreciation of what lies behind the march an in the general context of community relations 15 yet to cone. Mr. Hark, at my request, 13 supplyinzi (1) A Special Branch appreciation. (11) An-meseaament from the?Yard?s own co staff of the significance of the Hotting Hill disturbance taken along with the Caledonian Road mannity relations disturbance racently;and the general relatianahi? between galice and the c?loure? communitiea, This will inclu?e some zhe Evening West Inaian, in Lohdon. account of the gllegations made (in Standard last night and elaewhare) about a garticular police officer who is said to indulga in inarlsalont and a certain amount of violence of his on. (11.1} Further information about "chat-gas for more serious offences" referred #6 at the and of Sir. Gerrard?s report.? These will in all probability be charges or I We shall probably have-the matarial on (1) and (11) befnre the end of today; but information about the affray charges in: not come so quickly. I mentioned yesterday the bad record or aziclzael am raj any like to see the separate note attached or his activities in: Rheum tines onwards. As you I111 no doubt have 9?s; from duportntion; so alto. known to the and has maroforo al?oat Mich-.1 and Roy Blih are I gala-o. 1- ?rnnk Critohlow. who in no Imn1grntion and Natlonn11ty Department certainly been here for 10 year- or moro. I ahall sand forward, along with the material yet to come from wart; a note on the uno of saction 6 of the rder provision ?_Raoe Relations Act 1965 which 1; the public 0 Godling with incitement to racial hatred. (Iidxe?r'v?rP?Z?VN? FY H. Capies: Sir Philip Allen .33: 0115? Mr. Wright . .. g8?, - 9, S+ecial Branch, '1 I In .09: I - . . New Scotland Yard, 7513 Broadway. sti? LONDON. S.W.1 ,1 McQueen Bag Our reference F4 Division 400/65/97 Lie Home Office rin Horseferry House Dean Ryle Street "no: SW1 10 August 1970 I OI "1 - tr Dear Mr McQueen, Ce 1. Attached herewith is a copy of the Special Branch ?1 report dealing with a demonstration by "Black: Power? supporters on Sunday 9 August. In 2. It will be seen that nineteen persons were arrested as a result of a disturbance which arose at the junction 3 of Marban Road and Portnall Road, W9. The arrested persons will appear at Marylebone Magistrates' Court at 10 am today. Only one of these arrested persona has previously come to . the notice of this Branch. Yours sincerely, ~0'9 .. i - a; 10. DOWNIXG STREET. SWJ. rm, . .. (15.11.th '36 took Pm! 5::3cbed ammunicadon 3.1de to the h- ??015" 3?13: 35:13:: is transmitted to _\ou to be dealt 19. t-ii?. i: manner is 3? I by its Department mac-em. It refers to 3:150:15 which was forwarded to i. X: gmiedgmem has been sent from here. I A plain acM-I?gmem has been sent from here. adding that {he has been 1 fwx?edm your Departmet}; - gm. ?1 3.. A grim: acknowiedgpeg has been sent from $12.63ng dial the, communication is receiVing . 'auennbn. You should mm: that a sub 've ?issemfipmwur Departmenlas nas my: diner 4. A copy of the acknowleigmen??aich has been whom hen:- is attached. m' .. truths!- Date 5 u: . I 13 not! alum arenas to Papers norms, GORDON and other members of interested gum outside the langrove Restaurant, and at 3p.n. a METROPOLITAN POLICE SPECIAL BRANCH 120 lax-tn and I?burn areas. brokgo?ut ed Persona took part, considerable violence These '111?1111fing the larch and 19 persons taro arrested: 103.111. on [all lagictratca a. constables mg? 101311 August, 1970. Six unturned admitted to hoap?glfniunes resulting in 2- The dam ant CRITC Onatration I33 organised 5! 8, Al?g:in:sw??:d1man, owner of the Iangrove Restaur Police discriminati ?'11 1" Emu? 38th alleged various visits and On towards his restaurant, after - . Searches by 011cc for W,.and off-3 5971-118 been served wit genius refre ailments after ham-ah grummomshr 80-8 gig? P??oggely. various peatera had been displayed in a? a restaurant advertising the demonstration. "and cm etc were distributed tithin the variant local . est lotion .mihjgg, calling for Emport for the Wtration 'againct discriminatory police act?{85' . I it: established previously that some support had been . Ill-unis? h: Abdul Inn, alias iichael x, the ecu-atyled . lecturer Blue]: Peter in this country, and the Brutal We 0:15. Black Panthers, headed by 'Eddic' 1mm?- - Isn?t India sell?90111: 1ca1 groups more also known: to have attended pro-planning meetings for this demonstration. . no: 2.30pm. on 9th August, demonstrators addressed briefly by Althea . (who was later arrested - see appendix '3 who could not be. identified? mom-m called for a show of ?Black Pover? again the p13 police', who, she claimed, were hart-338mg and appreoeing black people. They were using force against the coloured papulation, she said, and ?violence must be 5 not by violence, power must be gained in the streets?. a. At 3.10p.n., accompanied by manor-ed 901160 the Monstratorc, mainly young coloured persons, chant slogans and carrying bannerthhich are listed in up 0 latched to letting Dale Police Station, Inch the: thematic! woman and an individual, coloured, round to protected by a contingent or police, then ntreeta to letting 3111 Police 7? 3 .022? to the 9031:?: a con? 1 ?m Eur" 333 and ?non!- Junauon of 1.4 by an!? predominantli :gioz. . t! I incident 13k: 5. A brick??athe ?c ?1 Br the gdatgg?ege than ??gp?rgy at wawvzumal hilt bottles and hlnn? an 'ngann banner handles I039 reinfuroelclta were ins Police of?cers. Police 1- hour or sigh} and arter.abnut a Q??r?er vins?"? ?Banltad 1n savamll .rrsagaalans to 3'3 01' -the demonstrators Road, Ingre :ngg reqtorlodo Th0! gaging/Of inc ?3 as Shirl-n11 My "he" .1. ma marred, resultins 1n- 'iolom arrest. teal p133 inst police and.ig.1f an during police 0 31531-193 were used a The situation reusing tense for abou o, mick: time the ammtora um I b! wand by 1'3 to leave. The: gradually dispersed. am as clear 01' demonstrators. . that the goo-1351! be 6. It vould a noat probabl. azaleas larch around thpgebank streets of - Harm Roamua designed to lead the ace chiral-ea pence aa rar rra- reinforcement: and aid ?3 to tho? 1111? 30101266 .. ins attacked by the ?dgngal _-a_5eg. 1'11qu can be__111;tu doubt that tells . daft?. contrived as an excuse to attack polled, uni Pia-"seen that most or those arrested were Moons who have not previously cone to the tiee-o:r- this Branch, their leaders eat-emu: stains The organisers n1 n1). 133? 01' mwlvenent 11th police. '3 1'01- asaistance from local colmro? ?aim, ht 5 was not forthcoming. . 7. Uniformed police arrangements were 01511-011 98830, and reinforcemenca, although not Openly in . dance. were readily available at all times wh- ?llad this not been so, a more serious unau- have arisen due to the obvious Violent Qt? ?tieipagtl. .. L. (so: ?paradigm in ?um 11th .3310 /serie$