?13: H, i 1% . "Hull ?It-it1.1: i? ""131 :1 H: I 1. .m . 113uni-Pig51.; .. -- It. i . ?rm-sf?: 12? 7" - 1' I Ianluv-I. - failat.? Empmniarr nun Mina UNITED DEPARTMENT OF LABOR O F F I C E O F F O R E I G N L A B O R C E R T I F I C AT I O N ’ S M I S S I O N S TAT E M E N T We help U.S. employers fill jobs while protecting U.S. and foreign workers. Table of Contents FOREWORD FROM THE ACTING DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY INTRODUCTION SUMMARY OF ALL OFLC PROGRAMS FY 2012 - 2015 PREVAILING WAGE DETERMINATION PROCESS Prevailing Wage Process — Overview Top 10 States for Prevailing Wage Determinations Top 10 Occupations for Prevailing Wage Determinations Top Occupations and Employers for Prevailing Wages Striving and Moving Forward PERMANENT LABOR CERTIFICATION Atlanta National Processing Center Summary of the Permanent Labor Certification Program Permanent Labor Certifications by Top Five NAICS Industry Codes Occupations with More Than 1,000 Certifications Top Five Occupations for Top Five Countries Permanent Labor Certification By State and Territory States with Most Certifications and Top Major Industries Countries with over 1,000 Certifications Twenty-Five Employers with the Highest Number of Certifications Education in the Permanent Labor Certification Program Striving and Moving Forward TEMPORARY PROGRAMS Chicago National Processing Center Ombudsman Program Summary of Temporary Labor Certification Programs H-1B Temporary Specialty Worker Program — Overview Top Three H-1B Occupations Top 10 Employers for H-1B and the Top Occupations and Work States States with More Than 5,000 Certified H-1B LCAs E-3 Australian Temporary Specialty Worker Program H-1B1 Temporary Specialty Worker Program Education in H-1B — Overview H-2A Temporary Labor Certification for Agricultural Workers 2015 Final Rule Range Herding or Production of Livestock in the United States States with More Than 2,000 H-2A Certifications Top 10 Employers with Most H-2A Certified Workers H-2B Temporary Labor Certification for Non-Agricultural Workers Employers with the Most H-2B Certifications States with More than 2,500 H-2B Certified Positions Top 10 H-2B Occupations Striving and Moving Forward APPENDICES Appendix A State Employment-Based Immigration Profiles Appendix B Agricultural Certification Statistics Appendix C Top Five Employment-Based Permanent Immigration Country Profiles OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION 1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 24 26 27 28 28 29 29 30 31 32 34 35 37 40 41 42 43 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 107 113 Foreword from the Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary Business communities throughout the country are realizing the benefits and facing the demands of the global economy. One of the constant challenges is identifying, educating or attracting human talent, which is perhaps the most important element in remaining competitive. Large and small companies alike are looking for hard-working, talented individuals. When qualified and willing United States (U.S.) workers are not available locally, employers begin looking abroad. The Office of Foreign Labor Certification (OFLC), which is located within Employment and Training Administration (ETA) at the Department of Labor (Department), has been delegated the responsibility outlined in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) for the Secretary of Labor to protect U.S. workers against adverse impact on their wages or working conditions by ensuring U.S. employer compliance with statutory requirements when they hire foreign workers to fill workforce shortages. The Department’s focus in these immigrant and nonimmigrant employment-based programs is to ensure the integrity of the process in order to protect U.S. workers and their ability to access jobs. OFLC processes labor certification applications for employers seeking to bring foreign workers into the United States and grants certifications in those cases where employers can demonstrate that there are not sufficient U.S. workers available, willing and qualified to perform the work at wages that meet or exceed the prevailing wage paid for the occupation in the area of intended employment. Foreign labor certification programs are designed to ensure that the admission of foreign workers into the United States on a permanent or temporary basis will not adversely affect the job opportunities, wages, and working conditions of U.S. workers. ...this report shows a review of the past and a vision of how foreign labor certification is striving toward the future. The INA sets the framework for the Secretary of Labor to follow in adjudicating employer labor certification and labor condition applications used in the D-1, E-3, H-1B, H-1B1, H-2A, H-2B and Permanent Labor Certification programs. The Secretary has delegated this responsibility to ETA. ETA, in coordination with the Department’s Office of the Assistant Secretary for Policy, the Office of the Solicitor, and the Wage and Hour Division, which oversees the INA’s corresponding enforcement provisions, develops the policies and procedures in the foreign labor certification programs that are then implemented by OFLC. This report provides a glimpse at the Department’s role in supporting the dynamic U.S. economy through OFLC. This report presents employment-based foreign labor certification program data drawn from applications submitted to and adjudicated by the Department from employers who sought labor certifications in fiscal year 2016. An approved labor certification or labor condition application is often the first step in the process for many of the employment-based visa programs, both temporary and permanent, that enable employers to hire foreign workers where workforce needs cannot be fulfilled through the U.S. workforce. In FY 2016, OFLC processed 775,979 employer applications for 1,699,957 positions for temporary and permanent labor certifications. This represents a nine percent increase in the overall number of processed applications from the previous year and a seven percent increase in job opportunities. Information found in this report can be utilized by employers, educators, and the public workforce system to learn about occupations and careers that have seen employers seek out foreign talent. Further, this report shows a review of the past and a vision of how foreign labor certification is striving toward the future. ETA remains committed to fulfilling the Department’s statutory mandate by protecting U.S. workers, while at the same time helping employers access needed talent. William W. Thompson, II Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary Employment and Training Administration United States Department of Labor 1 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Introduction The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) permits foreign workers to come to the United States (U.S.) to work on either a temporary or permanent basis. The Secretary of Labor (Secretary) plays a crucial role in the administration of certain employment-based visa programs in the INA. Many of the employment-based nonimmigrant visa categories, as well as two of the employment-based immigrant visa preferences, require a labor certification, labor condition application, or attestation to be filed and approved by the Department of Labor (Department) before an employer may petition the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for approval under a designated visa program and the would-be employee may then apply to the Department of State (DOS) for a visa. OFLC is committed to continuing and creating greater processing efficiencies to move forward while simultaneously protecting U.S. workers. The Secretary has two fundamental responsibilities outlined in the INA for virtually all of the nonimmigrant and immigrant visa programs administered by the Department. First, the Secretary must determine if there are any available, able, willing, and qualified U.S. workers in the area of intended employment. This is accomplished through a test of the labor market. Second, the Secretary must ensure that the admission of a foreign worker in the requested position will not have an adverse effect on the wages and working conditions of similarly employed U.S. workers. The Secretary has delegated labor certification authority to the Employment and Training Administration’s Office of Foreign Labor Certification (OFLC). OFLC receives and adjudicates applications from employers seeking to hire and bring foreign workers as immigrants to the U.S. in permanent positions in visa preference categories that require labor certifications. OFLC also adjudicates applications in temporary nonimmigrant employment-based visa categories of H-1B, H-1B1 (Chile/Singapore), and E-3 (Australia) for professional and specialty occupations, H-2A for seasonal agricultural workers, H-2B for nonagricultural temporary workers, and D-1 for foreign longshore workers. Employers must comply with all applicable laws and regulations relevant to the particular employment-based visa program under which they are applying. Generally, in employment-based visa programs, employers must demonstrate that they have made efforts to recruit U.S. workers for the positions for which they are seeking foreign workers and guarantee that they will at least pay the required prevailing wage for the occupation in the area of intended employment. Receiving a labor certification is only the beginning of the employment-based process to access an immigrant or nonimmigrant. The employer must then submit a petition to DHS’s U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, and the employee may need to apply to DOS for the issuance of a visa by which the worker enters the U.S. Each individual worker must meet admission standards and requirements listed in the INA. However, some visa categories have numerical limitations or caps set by Congress, which may restrict worker availability during certain times or seasons. OFLC’s National Office is responsible for policy and program oversight of the non-enforcement responsibilities delegated to the Secretary under the INA. OFLC operates three National Processing Centers (NPCs) for the adjudication of applications. The Chicago, IL, center is responsible for adjudicating temporary nonimmigrant labor certification applications. The center in Atlanta, GA adjudicates permanent immigrant labor certification applications. The third center in Washington, DC processes requests for prevailing wage determinations (PWDs), which are required for applications in most OFLC programs. 2 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT The three NPCs are responsible for carrying out both operational and certain prescribed administrative functions. The administrative functions include providing help desk assistance from which employers and stakeholders can obtain specific case updates and general application information. Program operations are handled by directors, certifying officers, and analysts who together review and adjudicate applications submitted by employers, to ensure compliance with all applicable statutes, regulations and relevant case law. The administrative staff also handles Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests, data entry, case initiation, and IT functions. Most of OFLC’s application and determination processes are fully electronic in either the Department’s web-based iCERT Visa Portal System or the Permanent Electronic Review Management System (PERM) portal. The iCERT system contains the Prevailing Wage, Labor Condition Application (LCA; H-1B1/E-3), H-2A, and H-2B Modules, which allow employers to electronically prepare, submit, track, save, reuse, and/or withdraw H-2A, H-2B, and LCA applications or PWD requests, and request PWD redeterminations, through an accessible on-line account. These electronic submission systems are in compliance with the Government Paperwork Reduction Act and are part of the President’s e-Government initiative. Striving and Moving Forward OFLC continues to develop initiatives designed to improve customer service and minimize processing delays. OFLC is committed to continuing and creating greater processing efficiencies to move forward while simultaneously protecting U.S. workers. One approach focused on cross-training to utilize staff across the Atlanta, Chicago and Prevailing Wage Centers to meet peak season case processing needs. OFLC has also changed several processes to foster greater efficiency, like allowing electronic submission of documents in response to Certifying Officer requests and streamlining the process for demonstrating an employer’s need for a labor certification. OFLC has and will continue to conduct extensive outreach to the stakeholder community via webinars and Frequently Asked Questions providing guidance and filing tips to minimize delays related to filing deficiencies. OFLC Adjudications for FY2016 In FY 2016, OFLC processed 775,979 employer applications for 1,699,957 positions for temporary and permanent labor certifications. The total number of case adjudication increased by 9 percent from the previous fiscal year. The National Prevailing Wage Center processed 133,242 PWD requests for use in the PERM, H-1B, H-1B1, E-3, and H-2B programs. This was an increase of 2,205 applications over the previous fiscal year, or 2 percent. The Chicago NPC processed 8,684 applications for H-2A labor certification, with a total of 172,654 requested positions and 165,741 certified positions, representing an increase of over 18 percent positions certified. The H-2B labor certification application adjudications in FY 2016, in which 7,209 applications were processed for 143,311 requested positions, a decrease of 11 percent from the previous fiscal year. H-1B applications saw a 5 percent increase in the number of determinations issued in FY 2016 over FY 2015. The Department processed 633,943 H-1B applications, certifying 1,257,849 positions. In FY 2016, 126,143 permanent labor certification applications were adjudicated, a 41 percent increase from FY 2015, in which 89,151 applications were adjudicated. 3 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION 775,979 employer applications 1,699,957 positions Summary of All OFLC Programs FY 2013 - 2016 Summary of Prevailing Wage Determinations FY 2013 through 2016 VISA TYPE FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY 2016 PERM 103,274 109,463 113,525 114,733 H-1B 8,225 6,967 6,091 4,611 H-2B 6,894 9,377 11,421 13,898 Total 118,393 125,807 131,037 133,242 Summary of All Labor Certification Programs FY 2013 through 2016 VISA TYPE PERM H-1B* H-2A** H-2B ACTIONS FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY 2016 Determinations 44,149 70,998 89,151 126,143 Applications Certified 35,202 62,633 78,938 115,933 Positions Requested 44,149 70,998 89,151 126,143 Positions Certified 35,202 62,633 78,938 115,933 Determinations 433,586 508,674 605,809 633,943 Labor Condition Applications Certified 410,834 462,972 556,175 579,450 Positions Requested 984,184 978,608 1,219,615 1,257,849 Positions Certified 944,842 933,931 1,173,149 1,198,782 Determinations 8,388 9,405 10,339 8,684 Applications Certified 8,118 9,152 9,962 8,297 Positions Requested 105,735 123,528 145,874 172,654 Positions Certified 98,821 116,689 139,832 165,741 Determinations 4,710 5,464 6,521 7,209 Applications Certified 3,990 4,638 5,112 5,933 Positions Requested 98,402 107,719 126,138 143,311 Positions Certified 82,307 93,649 101,765 119,232 Determinations 490,833 594,541 711,820 775,979 Applications Certified 458,144 539,395 650,187 709,613 Positions Requested 1,232,470 1,280,853 1,580,778 1,699,957 Positions Certified 1,161,172 1,206,902 1,493,684 1,599,688 Total *Does not Include data for E-3 and H-1B1. **In FY 2016, H-2A Determinations were calculated to include only the primary/master employer. In previous years, H-2A Determinations were calculated to include both the primary/master and sub-employers for each application. The total number of positions requested and certified for all years, previous and current, only included the primary requested/certified positions, which represents the total unique number of workers requested/ certified for the entire H-2A application, including all of the sub-employer records. 4 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Prevailing Wage Determination Process <9 G) G) 9 5 I OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Prevailing Wage Determination Process — Overview The National Prevailing Wage Center (NPWC), in Washington, D.C., is responsible for determining prevailing wages for applications received in the temporary and permanent, non-agricultural foreign labor certification programs, including the PERM, H-1B, H-1B1, and H-2B programs. The purpose of the prevailing wage determination (PWD) process is to ensure job opportunities are offered to workers at a wage that will not adversely affect the wages or working conditions of similarlyemployed U.S. workers. PERM and H-2B program applicants are required to obtain a PWD prior to filing their labor certification applications, while H-1B applicants may provide their own wage determinations for their job opportunities, though they are strongly encouraged to take advantage of the “safe harbor” provided by reliance on a PWD issued by the NPWC. The PWD request process is almost entirely electronic, with nearly all applicants submitting their requests on the iCERT Visa Portal System (iCERT). Depending on the program, the PWD the NPWC issues may reflect the average wage of all similarly-employed workers in the occupation, the average wage of workers at the same skill level in the occupation, an agreed-upon collective bargaining wage, or the wage required by the McNamara-O’Hara Service Contract Act or the Davis-Bacon Act. Prevailing Wage Determinations Issued The number of PWDs the NPWC issues does not reflect the actual number of labor certification or labor condition applications filed in the various foreign labor visa programs because a single PWD may be used once, more than once, or not at all. However, the number provides an indicator of interest in the programs for which the NPWC issues PWDs. In fiscal year (FY) 2016, the NPWC received a total of 161, 848 PWD requests. Of those requests, the NPWC issued a total of 133,242 PWDs, a 1.7 percent increase over FY 2015. PWD requests in the PERM program accounted for the overwhelming bulk of applications, with the NPWC receiving 143,465 requests, which constitutes 88 percent of all requests. Of those requests, the NPWC issued a PWD for 114,733, which accounted for approximately 86 percent of all issued PWDs. The 12,881 requests received in the H-2B temporary nonagricultural certification program made up the second largest share of applications. The third largest share of determination requests was in the H-1B skilled, professional temporary worker program, for which the NPWC received 5,502 requests. In addition, the NPWC responded to 11,816 help desk inquiries in FY 2016. Prevailing Wage Determinations* Issued by Status CASE STATUS H-1B** H-2B PERM Determination Issued 4,557 13,782 113,052 Redetermination Review - Affirmed 22 - 695 Redetermination Review - Overturned - Modified 28 - 924 Center Director Review - Affirmed Determination 2 36 22 Center Director Review - Modified Determination 2 80 40 Total 4,611 13,898 114,733 *Determinations include: determinations, redeterminations and center director reviews ** H-1B Includes: H-1B, H-1B1 Chile and H-1B1 Signapore, E-3 Australian Prevailing Wage Determination* Issued by Quarter and Major Visa QUARTER H-1B H-2B PERM First Quarter 1,043 5,944 30,783 Second Quarter 1,276 2,171 31,466 Third Quarter 1,685 1,198 32,710 Fourth Quarter 607 4,585 19,774 Total 4,611 13,898 114,733 *Determinations include: determinations, redeterminations and Center Director reviews 6 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Prevailing Wage Determinations* Issued Based on Area of Intended Employment by State and U.S. Territory STATE TOTAL ISSUED H-1B H-2B PERM STATE TOTAL ISSUED H-1B H-2B PERM Alabama 723 64 166 493 Nevada 389 6 89 294 Alaska 203 1 147 55 New Hampshire 386 1 111 274 Arizona 1,762 36 271 1,455 Arkansas 438 10 149 279 New Jersey 7,294 94 336 6,864 California 32,296 370 405 31,521 New Mexico 267 7 16 244 Colorado 1,579 23 438 1,118 New York 11,711 200 832 10,679 Connecticut 1,211 14 55 1,142 North Carolina 2,673 323 293 2,057 Delaware 487 10 57 420 North Dakota 528 33 325 170 District of Columbia 594 25 — 569 Northern Mariana Islands 81 6 10 65 Florida 6,940 386 868 5,686 Ohio 2,378 225 420 1,733 Georgia 3,748 177 259 3,312 Oklahoma 593 6 217 370 Guam 75 — — 75 Oregon 1,599 9 90 1,500 Hawaii 137 5 5 127 Pennsylvania 3,339 60 618 2,661 Idaho 297 4 73 220 Puerto Rico 104 13 6 85 Illinois 5,407 337 184 4,886 Rhode Island 245 1 48 196 Indiana 1,085 189 103 793 South Carolina 695 86 270 339 Iowa 529 18 61 450 South Dakota 602 12 510 80 Kansas 640 121 134 385 Tennessee 958 89 154 715 Kentucky 614 58 133 423 Texas 13,455 663 1,750 11,042 Louisiana 1,010 21 618 371 Utah 697 6 193 498 Maine 463 4 364 95 Vermont 193 — 100 93 Maryland 2,327 152 354 1,821 Virgin Islands 14 — — 14 Massachusetts 5,084 217 764 4,103 Virginia 4,129 25 394 3,710 Michigan 4,052 153 323 3,576 Washington 4,745 135 108 4,502 Minnesota 1,264 22 251 991 West Virginia 159 55 21 83 Mississippi 311 67 113 131 Wisconsin 833 45 60 728 Missouri 1,179 14 338 827 Wyoming 115 1 78 36 Montana 235 6 158 71 Nebraska 369 6 57 306 *Determinations include: determinations, redeterminations and Center Director reviews 7 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Top 10 States for Prevailing Wage Determinations California, Texas, and New York were the three States with the most PWDs issued. The NPWC also issued the greatest number of PERM determinations to employers in these three states. Employers in California received 32,296 total PWDs in FY 2016, more than any other state, followed by Texas, for which the NPWC issued 13,455 PWDs, and New York, for which the NPWC issued 11,711. Among employers intending to pursue temporary H-1B specialty worker visas, the greatest demand for PWDs appeared in Texas, Florida, California, and Illinois, with the NPWC issuing 663 PWDs for Texas employers, 386 in Florida, 370 in California, and 337 in Illinois. Texas, Florida, and New York employers topped the list of H-2B PWD recipients, with each state accounting for 1,750, 868, and 832 PWDs, respectively. Top 10 States for Wage Determinations by Major Visa Classifications STATE DETERMINATIONS H-1B H-2B PERM California 32,296 370 405 31,521 Texas 13,455 663 1,750 11,042 New York 11,711 200 832 10,679 New Jersey 7,294 94 336 6,864 Florida 6,940 386 868 5,686 Illinois 5,407 337 184 4,886 Massachusetts 5,084 217 764 4,103 Washington 4,745 135 108 4,502 Virginia 4,129 25 394 3,710 Michigan 4,052 153 323 3,576 H-1B H-2B PERM California Texas New York New Jersey Florida Illinois Massachusetts Washington Virginia Michigan 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 8 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT 25000 30000 35000 Top 10 Occupations for Prevailing Wage Determinations In FY 2016, as is typical, the most requested occupations were in computer-related occupations like: Software Developers, Applications; Software Developers, Systems Software; and Computer Systems Analysts. Total Wage Determinations for the Top 10 Occupations OCCUPATION DETERMINATIONS AVERAGE HOURLY WAGE Software Developers, Applications 27,269 $48.84 Software Developers, Systems Software 9,093 $53.73 Computer Systems Analysts 8,430 $44.70 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 4,613 $12.85 Computer and Information Systems Managers 3,953 $70.26 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 3,866 $48.43 Marketing Managers 3,115 $67.31 Computer Occupations, All Other 2,507 $44.61 Financial Managers 2,293 $71.50 Accountants and Auditors 2,241 $35.99 Average Wage for the Top 10 Occupations Financial Managers received the highest average hourly wage of the top 10 occupations at $71.50, an increase of $0.58 over FY 2015, while Computer and Information System Managers earned a similarly high average wage of $70.26 per hour. Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers received the lowest average hourly wage of the top 10 occupations at $12.85, an increase of $0.56 over FY 2015. 9 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Top Occupations and Employers for Prevailing Wages The following computer-related occupations constituted 51 percent of the total PWDs issued: Software Developers (Applications), with 27,269 PWDs issued at an average hourly wage of $48.84; Computer Systems Analysts, with 8,430 PWDs issued at an average hourly wage of $44.70; Software Developers (Systems Software), with 9,093 PWDs issued at an average hourly wage of $53.73; and Computer and Information Systems Managers, with 3,953 PWDs issued at an average hourly wage of $70.26. Of these occupations, Software Developers (Applications) was by far the most requested, accounting for 20 percent of all PWDs. Among employers requesting workers in the PERM Program, the Microsoft Corporation, Deloitte Consulting, LLP, and Oracle America, Inc. received the most PWDs in FY 2016. Top Five Employers in the Top Four Occupations TOP 4 OCCUPATIONS Software Developers, Applications EMPLOYER OCCUPATIONS DETERMINATIONS Microsoft Corporation Software Developers, Applications 27,269 Deloitte Consulting LLP Software Developers, Systems Software 9,093 Oracle America Inc. Computer Systems Analysts 8,430 Intuit Inc. Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 4,613 Intel Corporation Computer and Information Systems Managers 3,953 Oracle America Inc. Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 3,866 Cisco Systems Inc. Marketing Managers 3,115 Yahoo! Inc. Computer Occupations, All Other 2,507 Apple Inc. Financial Managers 2,293 Deloitte Consulting LLP Accountants and Auditors 2,241 LinkedIn Corporation Software Developers, Systems Software Top 10 Occupations for Prevailing Wages Microsoft Corporation Computer Systems Analysts Google Inc. Deloitte & Touche LLP Pricewaterhousecoopers Advisory Services LLC Oracle America Inc. The Brickman Group Ltd. LLC Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Valleycrest Companies Landscapes Unlimited, LLC Three Seasons Landscape Contracting Services Inc. Landcare 10 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Striving and Moving Forward The NPWC continues to work on streamlining the application process to ensure consistency and efficiency. To ensure transparency of the NPWC decision-making processes to stakeholders, the NPWC strives to communicate with stakeholders as frequently and timely as possible. This entails holding stakeholder meetings to allow stakeholders to have face-to-face opportunities and webinars to raise concerns directly to NPWC. NPWC also makes great efforts to respond to stakeholder concerns by publishing “Frequently Asked Questions” on topics that stakeholders bring to NPWC. To ensure transparency of NPWC decision-making process to stakeholders, the NPWC strives to communicate with stakeholders as frequently and timely as possible. 11 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Permanent Labor Certification 12 I 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Atlanta National Processing Center The National Processing Center in Atlanta, Georgia (Atlanta NPC) is responsible for processing applications received by OFLC for permanent labor certifications under the INA. The Atlanta NPC adjudicates applications for permanent employment-based immigration filed primarily through the Permanent Electronic Review Management (PERM) online submission system, which employers are encouraged, but not required to use. The Atlanta NPC staff also oversees audits of employers as part of OFLC’s integrity measures and is responsible for preparing files for appeal to the Board of Alien Labor Certification Appeals. The Atlanta NPC oversees supervised recruitment for those employers who are required to submit their recruitment plans and results to the Atlanta NPC. In FY 2016, the Atlanta NPC processed an average of 2,426 applications per week, 10,512 applications per month, and 31,536 applications per quarter. In total, the Atlanta NPC certified 115,933 applications and denied 5,560 applications, and 4,650 applications were withdrawn, for a total of 126,143 applications processed during FY 2016. From the total number of applications processed at the Atlanta NPC in FY 2016, the Appeals unit received 2,735 appeals and processed 3,390 appeals. The Atlanta NPC had 54,558 pending cases on October 1, 2016 and ended FY 2016 with 26,669 pending cases – a 104 percent decrease in pending caseload. In addition, the Atlanta NPC responded to 54,304 help desk inquiries in FY 2016. Summary of the Permanent Labor Certification Program Under the permanent labor certification program, an employer seeking to hire a foreign worker to work as an immigrant in the U.S. must submit an application for labor certification that, if granted, would certify to the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) that there are not sufficient U.S. workers who are able, willing, qualified, and available to perform the service sought, and that the employment of the foreign worker will not have an adverse impact on the wages and working conditions of similarly employed workers in the United States. An employer must obtain a labor certification from DOL before it can submit most types of immigrant visa petitions to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), part of the DHS. Prior to submitting an application to initiate the employment-based permanent residence process in PERM (unless the employer has been placed in supervised recruitment) the employer must undertake a test of the labor market to determine whether U.S. workers are able, willing, qualified, and available for the job opportunity in the area where the job will be performed. The test involves mandatory and discretionary advertising at several levels. If no available U.S. workers are identified, the employer may file an Application for Permanent Employment Certification evidencing the recruitment efforts undertaken and other required information. All required program-related conditions must be met prior to OFLC granting a permanent labor certification. In FY 2016, employers filed 97,504 applications, an 11 percent increase from FY 2015, during which 87,644 applications were filed, and a 26 percent increase from FY 2014, during which 74,936 applications were filed. Twenty-eight states each had more than 500 permanent labor certifications in FY 2016. California, Texas, New Jersey, New York, Washington, Illinois, Massachusetts, Georgia, Virginia, Florida, Michigan, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania were the States with the greatest numbers of permanent labor certifications. 13 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Permanent Labor Certifications by U.S. State and Union Territory WORK STATE POSITIONS CERTIFIED WORK STATE POSITIONS CERTIFIED California 27,547 District of Columbia 426 Texas 15,593 Arkansas 398 New Jersey 9,166 New York 8,453 Utah 380 Washington 6,473 Kansas 368 Illinois 4,434 Nebraska 358 Massachusetts 3,979 Louisiana 332 Georgia 3,822 Oklahoma 295 Virginia 3,771 New Hampshire 242 Florida 3,657 New Mexico 229 Michigan 3,536 Nevada 203 North Carolina 2,915 Rhode Island 181 Pennsylvania 2,644 Mississippi 147 Ohio 1,934 Idaho 126 Maryland 1,474 North Dakota 126 Arizona 1,251 Guam 118 Oregon 1,246 Vermont 96 Wisconsin 1,194 West Virginia 94 Connecticut 1,062 Maine 93 Missouri 991 Hawaii 72 Indiana 948 South Dakota 61 Colorado 875 Puerto Rico 57 Minnesota 866 Montana 53 South Carolina 838 Alaska 36 Tennessee 656 Wyoming 27 Delaware 560 Northern Mariana Islands 10 Alabama 531 Virgin Islands 4 Kentucky 527 — 1 Iowa 456 Marshall Islands 1 Grand Total 115,933 14 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Permanent Labor Certifications by Top Five NAICS Industry Codes Most industries, as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), experienced increases in the number of certifications sought in FY 2016. Together, the top five industries by NAICS code accounted for 81 percent of the total number of permanent labor certifications in FY 2016. The number of permanent labor certifications for occupations listed under the Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services industry accounted for 45 percent of all permanent labor certifications. This industry accounts for the largest number of certifications in the PERM program. The other industries rounding out the top five were Manufacturing (16.03%), Information (9.39%), Finance and Insurance (5.68%), and Retail and Trade (4.39%). Top Five Industries by NAICS NAICS SECTOR INDUSTRY TITLE POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENT OF TOTAL CERTIFIED 54 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 52,514 45.30% 31-33 Manufacturing 18,583 16.03% 51 Information 10,882 9.39% 52 Finance and Insurance 6,585 5.68% 44-45 Retail and Trade 5,093 4.39% Permanent Labor Certification by NAICS Code NAICS SECTOR INDUSTRY TITLE POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENT OF TOTAL CERTIFIED 54 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 52,514 45.30% 31-33 Manufacturing 18,583 16.03% 51 Information 10,882 9.39% 52 Finance and Insurance 6,585 5.68% 44-45 Retail and Trade 5,093 4.39% 61 Educational Services 5,083 4.38% 62 Health Care and Social Assistance 4,432 3.82% 72 Accommodation and Food Service 3,196 2.76% 42 Wholesale Trade 2,460 2.12% 56 Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services 1,656 1.43% 81 Other Services (Except Public Administration) 1,286 1.11% 23 Construction 999 0.86% 48-49 Transportation and Warehousing 640 0.55% 55 Management of Companies and Enterprises 624 0.54% 53 Real Estate Rental and Leasing 420 0.36% 11 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 371 0.32% 21 Mining 322 0.28% 22 Utilities 288 0.25% 71 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 258 0.22% 92 Public Administration 143 0.12% No classification 98 0.08% Total Certified 115,933 100.00% 15 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Occupations with More Than 1,000 Certifications Employers apply for permanent labor certification in almost every occupational classification. The Department uses the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system developed for use by Federal statistical agencies. The occupations in the table below represent those in which more than 1,000 applications were certified in FY 2016. These occupations constitute approximately 72 percent of all permanent labor certifications granted in FY 2016. Of the occupations for which more than 1,000 positions were certified in FY 2016, Software Developers, Applications was the most requested occupation coming in at 35.5 percent of the total positions certified. Occupations with More Than 1,000 Permanent Labor Certifications SOC JOB TITLE TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE ANNUAL WAGE OFFER 15-1132 Software Developers, Applications 41,147 $101,870.18 15-1121 Computer Systems Analysts 10,642 $94,057.27 15-1133 Software Developers, Systems Software 7,868 $116,196.59 17-2072 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 3,563 $104,815.64 11-3021 Computer and Information Systems Managers 2,935 $137,432.99 15-1142 Network and Computer Systems Administrators* 1,940 $91,491.61 13-2011 Accountants and Auditors 1,869 $77,577.95 51-3022 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 1,650 $19,824.99 17-2141 Mechanical Engineers 1,573 $86,973.84 11-2021 Marketing Managers 1,414 $132,825.80 15-2041 Statisticians 1,271 $94,147.64 17-2071 Electrical Engineers 1,268 $92,783.48 13-1111 Management Analysts 1,253 $112,040.44 13-1161 Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists* 1,166 $64,619.58 15-1141 Database Administrators 1,163 $92,418.22 13-2051 Financial Analysts 1,151 $118,426.25 29-1063 Internists, General 1,028 $207,864.15 11-3031 Financial Managers 1,017 $143,167.46 16 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Top Five Occupations for Top Five Countries The largest number of permanent labor certifications in FY 2016 was filed for foreign workers originating from India, China, South Korea, Canada, and Mexico. Software Developers, Applications; Computer Systems Analysts; Software Developers, Systems Software, Computer and Information Systems Managers and Circuit Design Engineers comprised the majority of job opportunities filled by employers with foreign workers from India and China. Top Five Occupations for the Top Five Countries of Origin COUNTRY India China South Korea Canada Mexico OCCUPATION POSITIONS CERTIFIED Software Developers, Applications 32,725 Computer Systems Analysts 9,113 Software Developers, Systems Software 5,164 Computer and Information Systems Managers 2,196 Circuit Design Engineers 2,132 Software Developers, Applications 3,071 Software Developers, Systems Software 1,041 Circuit Design Engineers 560 Statisticians 523 Accountants and Auditors 407 Cutters and Trimmers, Meat, Fish, and Poultry 883 Apprentices, Butcher 471 Blending Tank Helpers 337 Attendants, Mess 300 Packers and Packagers, Hand 277 Software Developers, Applications 783 Software Developers, Systems Software 258 Computer and Information Systems Managers 153 Computer Systems Analysts 149 Circuit Design Engineers 130 Software Developers, Applications 241 Efficiency Engineers 98 Computer Systems Analysts 77 Banquet Cooks 73 Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education 67 17 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED IN COUNTRY 65,095 9,932 8,349 3,999 2,149 Permanent Labor Certification By State and Territory In FY 2016, 19 states represented the primary work locations for more than 1,000 permanent labor certifications. California, Texas, New Jersey, New York, and Washington each had more than 5,000 permanent labor certifications, with California and Texas both having more than 15,000. California tops the nation with having 27,547 permanent labor certifications. States with More Than 1,000 Permanent Labor Certifications JOB INFO WORK STATE POSITIONS CERTIFIED JOB INFO WORK STATE POSITIONS CERTIFIED California 27,547 Florida 3,657 Texas 15,593 Michigan 3,536 New Jersey 9,166 North Carolina 2,915 New York 8,453 Pennsylvania 2,644 Washington 6,473 Ohio 1,934 Illinois 4,434 Maryland 1,474 Massachusetts 3,979 Arizona 1,251 Georgia 3,822 Oregon 1,246 3,771 Wisconsin 1,194 Connecticut 1,062 Virginia WA OR WI CT PA IL NJ MD OH CA VA NC AZ GA TX FL 18 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT MA NY MI States with Most Certifications and Top Major Industries California, Texas, New Jersey, New York, and Washington were the five states with the largest numbers of permanent labor certifications in FY 2016. Within those states the occupations of highest demand in FY 2016 were all in Information Technology. California, with 27,547 certifications, received almost 24 percent of the total number of permanent labor certifications issued in FY 2016. Five States with the Most Permanent Labor Certifications STATES TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENT OF TOTAL CERTIFIED California 27,547 23.76% Texas 15,593 13.45% New Jersey 9,166 7.91% New York 8,453 7.29% Washington 6,473 5.58% Total Certified 115,933 Top Two Major Industries (Occupations) for the Top Five States WORK STATE California Texas New Jersey New York Illinois INDUSTRY PERM CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS Software Developers, Applications 8,772 Software Developers, Systems Software 4,620 Software Developers, Applications 6,706 Computer Systems Analysts 2,441 Software Developers, Applications 4,552 Computer Systems Analysts 1,697 Software Developers, Applications 2,011 Computer Systems Analysts 690 Software Developers, Applications 4,211 Computer Systems Analysts 399 19 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Top 10 Cities for Permanent Labor Certifications STATE CITY TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED TOP OCCUPATION FOR THE TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED NY New York 5,704 Bloomberg LP 256 Software Developers, Applications 209 TX College Station 4,268 Cognizant Technology Solutions US Corporation 4,192 Software Developers, Applications 3,062 WA Redmond 3,268 Microsoft Corporation 2,995 Software Developers, Applications 2,410 CA San Francisco 2,957 Salesforce.com 319 Software Developers, Applications 192 CA San Jose 2,674 Cisco Systems Inc. 660 Software Developers, Systems Software 497 CA Mountain View 2,469 Google Inc. 1,253 Software Developers, Applications 949 WA Seattle 2,186 Amazon Corporate LLC 1,504 Software Developers, Applications 957 TX Plano 2,178 Infosys Ltd. 1,015 Software Developers, Applications 460 TX Houston 2,160 Muy Pizza Houston LLC 83 Cooks, Fast Food 51 CA Sunnyvale 2,064 Yahoo! Inc. 663 Software Developers, Systems Software 371 Redmond Seattle New York San Francisco Mountain View Sunnyvale San Jose San Diego College Station Dallas Houston 20 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Countries with over 1,000 Certifications The top three countries represented 72 percent of the total number of certifications in FY 2016. In FY 2016, India remained the country of origin with the most certifications for foreign workers in the permanent labor certification program. China remained the country of origin with the second highest number of permanent labor certifications. South Korea has the third highest number of permanent labor certifications. Workers from India represented approximately 56 percent of permanent labor certifications approved, while each of the other countries represented approximately 8 percent or less of certifications. Countries of Immigrant Origin (Citizenship) with More Than 1,000 Certified Positions COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENT OF TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER INDIA 65,095 56.15% $103,033.66 CHINA 9,932 8.57% $92,283.53 SOUTH KOREA 8,349 7.20% $46,419.14 CANADA 3,999 3.45% $118,976.63 MEXICO 2,149 1.85% $80,513.82 Total Certified 115,933 21 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Twenty-Five Employers with the Highest Number of Certifications Many of the top 25 employers are technology or computer-related companies. Cognizant Technology Solutions U.S. Corporation was the employer with the highest number of applications certified during FY 2016, with 4,243 applications. Cognizant Technology Solutions U.S. Corporationreceived 3.7 percent of all certified applications. The top three occupations for FY2016 were Software Developers, Applications, Computer Systems Analysts, and Software Developers, Systems Software. Some of the other occupations certified for the top 25 employers were Network and Computer Systems Administrator, Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers, and Accountants and Auditors. Occupations Certified Most Often for the 25 Employers with the Highest Number of Certified Applications EMPLOYER TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED Cognizant Technology Solutions US Corporation 4,243 Microsoft Corporation 3,326 Intel Corporation 1,944 Google Inc. 1,739 Amazon Corporate LLC 1,603 Infosys Ltd. 1,117 Apple Inc. 992 Cisco Systems Inc. 892 Wipro Limited 808 Oracle America Inc. 737 Facebook Inc. 715 Yahoo! Inc. 713 Deloitte Consulting LLP 671 HCL America Inc. 644 TOP TWO OCCUPATIONS FOR EMPLOYER TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED BY OCCUPATION FOR EACH EMPLOYER Software Developers, Applications 3,099 Computer Systems Analysts 1,143 Software Developers, Applications 2,593 Computer Systems Analysts 128 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 861 Software Developers, Systems Software 575 Software Developers, Applications 1,301 Computer Systems Analysts 74 Software Developers, Applications 1,027 Software Developers, Systems Software 149 Software Developers, Applications 493 Computer Systems Analysts 445 Software Developers, Systems Software 300 Software Developers, Applications 206 Software Developers, Systems Software 561 Network and Computer Systems Administrators 73 Software Developers, Applications 370 Computer Systems Analysts 338 Software Developers, Systems Software 333 Software Developers, Applications 154 Software Developers, Applications 489 Software Developers, Systems Software 77 Software Developers, Systems Software 393 Software Developers, Applications 215 Chief Technology Officer 241 Software Developers, Applications 217 Computer Systems Analysts 279 Software Developers, Applications 273 22 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT EMPLOYER TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED Igate Technologies Inc. 591 House of Raeford Farms Inc. 573 Defender Services Inc. 459 JP Morgan Chase Co. 436 Salesforce.com 400 Capgemini Financial Services USA Inc. 357 Ernst & Young U.S. LLP 348 Wayne Farms LLC 334 LinkedIn Corporation 329 Abbyland Foods Inc. 322 Cummins Inc. 198 TOP TWO OCCUPATIONS FOR EMPLOYER TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED BY OCCUPATION FOR EACH EMPLOYER Computer Systems Analysts 370 Software Developers, Applications 160 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 573 Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 413 Packers and Packagers, Hand 46 Software Developers, Applications 191 Computer Systems Analysts 60 Software Developers, Applications 240 Computer Systems Analysts 50 Software Developers, Applications 321 Computer and Information Systems Managers 35 Computer Systems Analysts 122 Accountants and Auditors 115 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 304 Slaughterers and Meat Packers 30 Software Developers, Applications 183 Software Developers, Systems Software 56 Packers and Packagers, Hand 322 Mechanical Engineers 109 Industrial Engineers 44 Total Positions Certified by Occupation for Each Employer 23 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION 20,151 Education Sector in the Permanent Labor Certification Program Permanent labor certification applications from educational industry accounted for approximately 4.4 percent of the total positions certified in FY 2016, or 5,083 certifications. Education, Training, and Library occupations were the most sought positions by educational employers, with these occupations constituting 72.75 percent of the educational positions certified, or 3,698 permanent labor certifications. This wide occupational category includes occupations from pre-school, kindergarten, elementary school, and middle school, secondary school, and special education teachers, through post-secondary teachers in their various specialty areas. It also includes teaching assistants, self-enrichment education teachers, librarians, curators, archivists, audio-visual and multimedia collections specialists, and instructional designers and coordinators. In the occupational categories with the next highest percentages of positions certified for educational employers, Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations, 389 positions being certified. Computer and Mathematical Occupations constituted 7.28 percent of the total educational positions certified. Management Occupations constituted 3.92 percent. Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations constituted 2.36 percent. All other occupations individually accounting for less than 1 percent of the positions certified for educational employers. In FY 2016, the States with the highest demand from educational employers each had over 100 certified positions. Texas, California, and New York were among those States experiencing the highest demand among educational employers in PERM in FY 2016, with 497 positions certified for California, 419 positions certified for Texas, and 322 positions certified for New York. Top 10 Permanent Labor Education Certifications by SOC Occupation Code SOC CODE SOC OCCUPATION TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENT OF TOTAL EDUCATION POSITIONS CERTIFIED 25-0000 Education, Training, and Library Occupations 3,698 72.75% 29-0000 Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations 389 7.65% 15-0000 Computer and Mathematical Occupations 370 7.28% 11-0000 Management Occupations 199 3.92% 19-0000 Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations 120 2.36% 27-0000 Arts Design, Entertainments, Sports, and Media Occupations 96 1.89% 13-0000 Architecture and Engineering Occupations 82 1.61% 21-0000 Business and Financial Operation Occupations 45 0.89% 17-0000 Community and Social Service Occupations 32 0.63% 43-0000 Office and Administrative Support Occupations 26 0.51% 39-0000 Personal Care and Service Occupations 10 0.20% 35-0000 Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations 6 0.12% 37-0000 Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations 5 0.10% 23-0000 Legal Occupations 3 0.06% 41-0000 Sales and Related Occupations 1 0.02% — ­— 1 0.02% Total Permanent Labor Education Positions Certified 5,083 100.00% Total Permanent Labor Certification Positions Certified 115,933 24 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Top 10 States for Permanent Labor Education Certifications and Top Three Employers for Each State STATE TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED California 497 Texas New York Florida Illinois Pennsylvania Michigan Ohio Massachusetts Indiana 419 322 184 161 161 156 134 130 129 EMPLOYER TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR THE EMPLOYER California State University 30 University of California, Berkeley 25 University of Southern California 22 Dallas Independent School District 38 Garland Independent School District 30 Harmony Public Schools 29 State University of New York 77 New York City Department of Education 29 Syracuse University 16 University of Florida 42 Florida State University 30 University of Miami 26 University of Illinois 42 Southern Illinois University 18 Northwestern University 12 The Pennsylvania State University 42 University of Pennsylvania 19 Bucknell University 7 University Of Michigan 61 Michigan State University 28 Oakland University 9 University of Cincinnatti 16 Kent State University 31 The Ohio University* 9 Boston College 15 Harvard University 14 Trustees of Boston University 11 Purdue University 63 Indiana University 31 Ball State University 9 *Tied with Ohio State University. 25 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Striving and Moving Forward The Atlanta NPC continues to work on streamlining the application process of OFLC’s PERM program to ensure consistency and efficiency while maintaining the integrity of the program. This past fiscal year, employers submitted over 100,000 PERM applications requesting foreign workers. The majority of those job openings were for professional occupations in the Information Technology field. Additionally, advances in technology and information dissemination have dramatically altered common industry recruitment practices. In response to ongoing public feedback, the PERM program strives to align with employers or industry needs and practices while maintaining its mission to protect U.S. workers. As a result, to ensure transparency of the Certifying Officer’s decision-making process to stakeholders, the Atlanta NPC strives to communicate with stakeholders as frequently and timely as possible. This entails holding stakeholder meetings to allow stakeholders to have face-to-face opportunities to raise concerns directly to staff. Also, the Atlanta NPC makes great efforts to respond and publish “Frequently Asked Questions” on topics that stakeholders bring forth to the Atlanta NPC. Through additional efforts of outreach in the PERM program, OFLC anticipates even more collaborative communication in the future. 26 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Temporary Programs Chicago National Processing Center The Chicago NPC is responsible for processing applications received by OFLC from employers throughout the United States that seek temporary workers under the H-2A Agricultural Program, H-2B Non-agricultural Program, H-1B Specialty (Professional) Worker Program (including H-1B1 for Chile and Singapore and E-3 for Australia), and D-1 Crewmember (Longshore) Program. On average, in FY 2016, the Chicago NPC processed 2,545 applications per day, 12,727 applications per week, and 55,149 applications per month for the H-2A, H-2B, H-1B, H-1B1, and E-3 programs combined. The Chicago NPC received on average 169 applications per week for the H-2A program, 138 applications per week for the H-2B program, and 11,890 applications per week for the H-1B, H-1B1, and E-3 programs. The Chicago NPC processed two D-1 applications in FY 2016. Cross-trained analysts enabled the Chicago NPC to be more flexible and meet processing goals, as does expanded use of electronic communication and filing capabilities. Direct electronic communications with employers are decreasing mailing costs and increasing efficiency. The Help Desk e-mail boxes received approximately 52,311 emails in FY 2016, which is lower than the previous year when the NPC received approximately 58,994 inquiries. Ombudsman Program The OFLC Ombudsman Program was created in February of 2012 to improve customer service and strengthen stakeholder confidence in OFLC case processing. The Ombudsman Program provides accessible and consistent service to OFLC stakeholders by conducting independent and impartial inquiries into issues related to the administration of the H-2A and H-2B temporary visa programs. The Ombudsman Program answers inquiries on a variety of topics. These include questions from agents and employers regarding case delays, procedural questions on issues such as wages, designation by the Wage and Hour Division as a foreign labor contractor, and inquiries about workers’ compensation and surety bonds. The Program also receives inquiries from advocate groups concerned with terms in job orders, alleged nonexistent corporations, recruitment practices, and the temporary nature of the work in an application. The Ombudsman Program also identifies areas in which employers and worker advocate organizations have concerns in dealing with the OFLC and proposes internal recommendations designed to continuously improve the quality of services provided by the OFLC. There is no fee for using the Ombudsman Program. As a result of the Ombudsman program, recommendations suggesting a program-wide process or policy change may also result from the inquiries and resulting reviews. The Program receives inquiries by e-mail. The Ombudsman Team initially responds to inquiries within one business day; its goal is to resolve inquires within 15 days. The Program also conducts outreach regarding program or policy changes, such as website postings and e-mail updates to stakeholders. The Ombudsman Team tracks all inquiries and follows the resolution of each question or concern, looking for patterns or notable problems to be overcome on a programmatic (rather than case-specific) basis. During fiscal year 2016, OFLC received over 1500 email inquiries. Of those inquiries, over 600 inquiries were received regarding the H-2A program and the vast majority of these inquiries were seeking processing status of their H-2A cases. Of the overall inquiries received via OFLC’s Ombudsman box, over 900 emails received involved H-2B inquiries regarding case specific questions. Some emails raised issues and others sought clarification. 28 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Summary of Temporary Labor Certification Programs The Department issues labor certifications for several temporary, non-immigrant visa programs which require an employer to have obtained a valid labor certification or labor condition application as a first step in obtaining a visa for a foreign-born worker. A valid labor certification indicates that the employment of a foreign worker will not adversely affect the wages and working conditions of workers in the United States who are similarly employed and that there are not sufficient U.S. workers to perform the work. These nonimmigrant programs are H-1B Specialty (Professional) Worker Program; H-1B1 Specialty Worker Program (Chile and Singapore); E-3 Specialty Worker Program (Australia); H-2A (Agricultural) Program; H-2B (Non-Agricultural) Program; and the D-1 Crewmember (Longshore) Program. OFLC data for FY 2016 shows a 4.6 percent increase in the number of H-1B applications (not including H-1B1 and E-3) adjudicated and a 4 percent increase in the number of applications certified. The number of positions requested increased by 3 percent and the number of H-1B positions certified, increased by 2 percent, in FY 2016. In the H-2A program, there was a 16 percent decrease in the number of H-2A applications adjudicated and a 17 percent increase in the number of applications certified. The number of positions requested increased by 18 percent from FY 2015 to 172,654 positions. In the H-2B program, there were marked increases for the number of applications adjudicated and certified, 11 and 16 percent, respectively. The number of positions certified for the H-2B program increased by 17 percent from FY 2015, to a total of 119,232. H-1B Temporary Labor Certification — Overview The H-1B program allows an employer to temporarily employ a foreign worker in the United States in a specialty occupation or as a fashion model of distinguished merit and ability. A specialty occupation requires the theoretical and practical application of a body of specialized knowledge and a bachelor’s degree or its equivalent in education and/or experience in the specialized discipline (e.g., Science, Medicine and Healthcare, Education, Biotechnology, and Business Specialties). Current law limits the number of foreign workers who may be issued a new H-1B visa to 65,000 each fiscal year, with certain exceptions, with an additional 20,000 visas designated for those possessing advanced degrees earned at U.S. institutions. To apply, an employer must file a Labor Condition Application (LCA) with OFLC for processing. OFLC reviews the document, which contains the employer’s attestations to its obligations in the H-1B program, for obvious errors and omissions and certifies the Department’s acceptance of the attestations. 29 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Top Three H-1B Occupations FY 2016 data for OFLC demonstrates an increase in demand for job opportunities for H-1B workers who are educated and skilled in specialized occupations compared to 2015. There was a 3 percent increase in the number of H-1B positions requested and over a 2 percent increase in the number of positions certified compared to FY 2015. As has been the case in previous years, the top three occupations for positions certified were all IT-related occupations, with Computer Systems Analysts representing almost 24 percent of the total H-1B positions certified (285,352 positions) in FY 2016, which is nearly as much as the next two combined. Top Three Occupations for H-1B Certified Positions TOP THREE OCCUPATIONS TOTAL H-1B APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED CERTIFIED TOTAL H-1B APPLICATIONS POSITIONS CERTIFIED AS % OF ALL H-1B APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS AS % OF ALL CERTIFIED H-1B POSITIONS Computer Systems Analysts 90,502 285,352 15.62% 23.80% Software Developers, Applications 110,432 183,126 19.06% 15.28% Computer Programmers 74,960 105,658 12.94% 8.81% Total of Top Three Occupations 275,894 574,136 47.61% 47.89% All Other Occupations 303,556 624,646 52.39% 52.11% Total Overall Certifications 579,450 1,198,782 30 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Top 10 Employers for H-1B and the Top Occupations and Work States Deloitte Consulting LLP was the top employer for H-1B positions certified in FY 2016, with 163,625 positions certified, equivalent to nearly 14 percent of the total number of H-1B positions certified this fiscal year. California was the top work state for five out of the top ten H-1B employers. Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and California rounded out the top states for the top ten H-1B employers. All but one of the top 10 H-1B employers’ top occupations were in the computer related fields such as computer systems analysts and computer programmers. Top 10 Employers for H-1B for Positions Certified and the Top Occupations and Work State for Employers EMPLOYER POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENT OF ALL H-1B CERTIFIED POSITIONS TOP WORK STATE FOR EMPLOYER TOP OCCUPATION FOR EMPLOYER Deloitte Consulting LLP 163,625 13.65% Pennsylvania Computer Systems Analysts Cognizant Technology Solutions US Corporation 97,472 8.13% New Jersey Computer Systems Analysts PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 54,093 4.51% California Accountants and Auditors Capgemini America, Inc. 47,224 3.94% Illinois Software Developers, Systems Software WIPRO Limited 32,243 2.69% California Computer Occupations, All Other Infosys Limited 25,462 2.12% California Computer Systems Analysts Apple Inc. 23,037 1.92% California Computer Occupations, All Other Tata Consultancy Services Limited 17,116 1.43% California Computer Programmers Birlasoft Inc. 16,796 1.40% New York Computer Systems Analysts Mphasis Corporation 16,245 1.36% Texas Computer Programmers Total of Top 10 Occupations 493,313 41.15% All Other Occupations 705,469 58.85% Total Overall Certifications 1,198,782 31 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION States With More Than 5,000 Certified H-1B LCAs There were 23 States in which at least 5,000 certified LCAs were issued. California led the country in the most certified LCAs with 20 percent of the total or 105,159. In addition to California, Texas, New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania rounded out the top five and had just 48.54 percent of the total certified LCAs. All of the top five states continued the trend of seeing an increase in certified LCAs, except New Jersey, which experienced a decrease by 0.03 percent. California increased its certified LCAs by 3 percent in FY2016 over FY2015 and Pennsylvania increased by 5.5 percent. New York saw an increase of 7 percent of certified LCAs over FY2015, maintaining third place from last year, while Texas increased by 9 percent; maintaining second from the previous year. Trend of FY 2013 Top Five State Over the Fiscal Years 2013, 2014, 2015 & 2016 STATE California Texas New York New Jersey Pennsylvania FISCAL YEAR APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS CERTIFIED FY 2013 77,633 172,393 FY 2014 86,562 172,318 FY 2015 102,100 208,689 FY 2016 105,159 227,039 FY 2013 39,569 75,563 FY2014 46,342 84,612 FY 2015 56,422 106,745 FY 2016 61,624 120,479 FY 2012 37,407 73,647 FY2014 40,978 76,105 FY 2015 46,561 93,560 FY 2016 49,790 99,932 FY2013 28,142 62,008 FY2014 34,036 65,505 FY 2015 44,366 85,602 FY 2016 44,228 77,688 FY 2013 15,910 41,143 FY2014 17,541 48,550 FY 2015 20,438 63,058 FY 2016 21,560 75,681 Total Top 5 States FY 2016 281,239 588,196 Total Overall FY 2016 579,450 1,198,782 Percent of Total FY 2016 48.54% 49.07% 32 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Top 10 Cities for H-1B by Positions Certified CITY TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR ALL EMPLOYERS IN CITY TOP EMPLOYER IN EACH CITY TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY TOP OCCUPATION FOR THE TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY New York, NY 67,789 Deloitte Consulting, LLP 6,829 Software Developer, Systems Software Philadelphia, PA 41,257 Deloitte Consulting, LLP 31,183 Computer Systems Analysts Chicago, IL 33,718 Deloitte Consulting, LLP 7,391 Software Developer, Systems Software Houston, TX 307,002 Deloitte Consulting, LLP 3,585 Software Developer, Systems Software San Francisco, CA 28,934 Deloitte Consulting, LLP 3,310 Software Developer, Systems Software Atlanta, GA 28,316 Deloitte Consulting, LLP 5,077 Software Developer, Systems Software San Jose, CA 27,843 Cisco Systems, Inc. 3,202 Software Developer, Systems Software Cupertino, CA 18,444 Apple Inc 17,501 Computer Occupations, All Other Dallas, TX 18,440 Deloitte Consulting, LLP 5,071 Software Developer, Systems Software Austin, TX 17,390 Apple Inc 5,452 Electrical Engineers Philadelphia Chicago San Francisco San Jose Cupertino Atlanta Dallas Austin Houston 33 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION New York E-3 Australian Temporary Specialty Worker Program The Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror, and Tsunami Relief, 2005, P.L. 10913, produced the E-3 Australia Specialty Worker Program. This program allows employers to temporarily employ foreign professionals from Australia to work in the United States. Current law provides for 10,500 new visas each fiscal year for Australian nationals seeking temporary work in specialty occupations that require, at a minimum, a bachelor’s degree in the field of specialization. As with the H-1B and H-1B1 programs, an LCA is filed with OFLC. E-3 certification is valid for the period of employment indicated on the LCA, which may be up to two years. In FY 2016, 11,314 E-3 positions were certified from 10,213 applications. New York and California were the top work states for E-3 positions, each with well over 2,000 positions certified and together accounting for over 56.4 percent of the total E-3 positions certified in FY 2016. The top 10 occupations reflected on E-3 certifications were IT-related occupations, business, management, and financial occupations. Top Five States for E-3 Australia Positions Certified STATE POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENTAGE OF ALL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR E-3 New York 3,476 30.72% California 2,905 25.68% Texas 686 6.06% Washington 557 4.92% Illinois 384 3.39% Top 10 Occupations for E-3 Australia OCCUPATION APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS CERTIFIED Software Developers, Applications 889 911 Computer Systems Analysts 601 738 Management Analysts 335 535 Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 513 513 Financial Analysts 391 502 Accountants and Auditors 297 445 Marketing Managers 440 440 General and Operations Managers 399 400 Software Developers, Systems Software 179 347 Computer Occupations, All Other 316 323 Total Top 10 E-3 Occupations 4,360 5,154 Total Overall E-3 10,213 11,314 34 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT H-1B1 Temporary Specialty Worker Program On January 1, 2004, the H-1B1 Specialty Worker Program was implemented, allowing employers to temporarily employ foreign professionals from Chile and Singapore in the United States in specialty occupations. This program was established by the United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act (Public Law 108-77) and the United States-Singapore Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act (Public Law 108-78). Current law provides for 1,400 new visas for foreign workers from Chile and 5,400 for foreign workers from Singapore each fiscal year. Similar to the H-1B and E-3 programs, an LCA is filed with OFLC. Like the H-1B certification, the H-1B1 certification is valid for the period of employment indicated on the LCA, which may be up to three years. As defined by statute, a specialty occupation requires the theoretical and practical application of a body of specialized knowledge and a bachelor’s degree or the equivalent in the specific specialty (e.g., Science, Medicine and Healthcare, Education, Biotechnology, and Business Specialties). Both H-1B1 Chile and H-1B1 Singapore allow for alternative credentials for certain professions, including Disaster Relief Claims Adjuster and Management Consultant professionals from both countries. For Chilean nationals only, Agricultural Managers and Physical Therapists can also qualify with alternative requirements. In FY 2016, the top work States for H-1B1 Chile positions certified were California, Florida, and New York, each with more than 100 positions certified. These three States accounted for 54 percent of the positions certified for the H-1B1 Chile program. The top 10 occupations for the H-1B1 Chile program in FY 2016 varied widely and included IT-related occupations, which made up more than 47 percent of all positions certified for the H-1B1 Chile program. Other non-computer related occupations included marketing, financial, and architectural occupations. Top Five States for H-1B1 Chile Positions Certified STATE POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENTAGE OF ALL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR H-1B1 CHILE California 187 22.53% Florida 158 19.04% New York 106 12.77% Washington 68 8.19% Massachusetts 45 5.42% 35 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Top 10 Occupations for H-1B1 Chile OCCUPATION APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS CERTIFIED Software Developers, Applications 99 99 Management Analysts 35 78 Agricultural Inspectors 29 37 Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 35 35 Financial Analysts 35 35 Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education 22 28 General and Operations Manager 21 21 Computer Systems Analysts 20 20 Physical Therapists 12 17 Software Developers, Systems Software 16 16 Total Top 10 H-1B1 Chile Occupations 324 386 Total Overall H-1B1 Chile 762 830 California and New York were the top states for positions certified in the H-1B1 Singapore program, each with over 200 certified positions representing nearly 55.24 percent of the H-1B1 Singapore positions certified in FY 2016. In FY 2016, out of the top 10 occupations for H-1B1 Singapore positions certified, computer-related positions were the most requested followed by Accountants and Auditors, management, marketing, financial, and engineering occupations. Top Five States for H-1B1 Singapore Positions Certified STATE POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENTAGE OF ALL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR H-1B1 SINGAPORE California 535 38.13% New York 240 17.11% Texas 94 6.70% Washington 88 6.27% Illinois 86 6.13% OCCUPATION APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS CERTIFIED Management Analysts 58 212 Financial Analysts 84 192 Top 10 Occupations for H-1B1 Singapore Software Developers, Applications 133 162 Accountants and Auditors 80 122 Electrical Engineers 11 63 Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 53 53 Computer Systems Analysts 37 37 Operations Research Analysts 28 28 Mechanical Engineers 26 26 Biological Technicians 13 24 Total Top 10 H-1B1 Singapore Occupations 523 919 Total Overall H-1B1 Singapore 973 1,403 36 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Education Sector in H-1B — Overview In FY 2016, H-1B labor condition applications from educational employers accounted for 2.5 percent of the total positions certified. Approximately 75 percent of the positions certified for educational employers in FY 2016 were requested by colleges and universities, nearly 18 percent were requested by elementary and secondary schools and less than half of one percent by junior colleges. Educational employers continued to primarily seek positions in Education, Training, and Library occupations, with this occupational category constituting almost 48 percent of the positions certified, which was slightly lower than last year. This occupational category includes pre-school, kindergarten, elementary school, middle school, secondary school, and special education teachers, post-secondary teachers in their various specialty areas, teaching assistants, self-enrichment education teachers, librarians, curators, archivists, audio-visual and multimedia collections specialists, and instructional designers and coordinators. Approximately 75 percent of the positions certified for educational employers in Life, Physical, and Social Science continued to be the next most sought occupational category, maintaining almost 27 percent average of the positions certified for educational employers. Healthcare Practitioners and Technical occupations, Computer and Mathematical Operations occupations, and Architecture and Engineering occupations each maintained 6.92 to 3.5 percent of other positions certified for educational employers. The remaining occupations individually accounted for less than 3 percent each for the positions certified for educational employers. FY 2016 were requested by colleges and universities, almost 18 percent were requested by elementary and secondary schools and less than half of one percent by junior colleges. In FY 2016, the States with the highest demand from educational employers each had at least 63 certified positions. New York, Texas, and California saw the highest demand from educational employers in FY 2016. Even though New York had the most positions certified, New York still showed another steep decrease in annual positions certified for the State. The New York City Department of Education, which seems to account for most of the fluctuations in the numbers, was responsible for 43 percent of all the positions certified in the State of New York. H-1B Education Certifications, by Type and Institution 100 5,449 Junior Colleges Elementary and Secondary Schools 22,747 Colleges, Universities and Professional Schools Total H-1B Education Positions Certified: 30,292 37 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION H-1B Education Certifications Compared to All H-1B Certifications In FY 2016, the states with the highest demand from educational employers each had at least 890 certified positions. New York, California, and Texas saw the highest demand from educational employers in FY 2016. Even though New York has had the most positions certified with 4,430, still showed another steep decrease in annual positions certified for the State since its peak in FY 2012 when it had 10,933 positions certified. The New York City Department of Education was responsible for more than 43 percent of all the positions certified. 1,200,000 1,168,541 1,198,782 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 Thousands 400,000 200,000 30,241 0 Total H1-B Education Positions Certified Total Non-Education Certifications Total H-1B Positions Certified H-1B Education Certifications by SOC Occupation Code SOC CODE SOC CODE OCCUPATION WITH EDUCATION OCCUPATIONS TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED PERCENT OF TOTAL EDUCATION POSITIONS CERTIFIED 25-0000 Education, Training, and Library Occupations 14,459 47.81% 19-0000 Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations 8,147 26.94% 15-0000 Computer and Mathematical Occupations 2,295 7.59% 29-0000 Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations 2,092 6.92% 17-0000 Architecture and Engineering Occupations 1,057 3.50% 11-0000 Management Occupations 661 2.19% 13-0000 Business and Financial Operation Occupations 641 2.12% 27-0000 Arts Design, Entertainments, Sports, and Media Occupations 482 1.59% 21-0000 Community and Social Service Occupations 286 0.95% 39-0000 Personal Care and Service Occupations 58 0.19% 43-0000 Office and Administrative Support Occupations 38 0.13% 31-0000 Health Care Support Occupations 10 0.03% 41-0000 Sales and Related Occupations 7 0.02% 23-0000 Legal Occupations 6 0.02% 53-0000 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing Occupations 1 0.00% Total H-1B Education Position Certified 30,241 Total H-1B Positions Certified 1,198,782 Percent of H-1B Education Positions Certified 2.5% 38 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Top 10 States for H-1B Education Certifications and Top Three Employers for Each State STATE New York California Texas Pennsylvania Massachusetts Illinois Georgia Ohio Maryland Florida POSITIONS CERTIFIED BY STATE 3,917 3,359 3,237 1,310 1,195 1,062 1,003 940 934 889 TOP THREE STATE EMPLOYERS TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED BY EMPLOYER IN CORRESPONDING STATE New York City Department of Education 1,873 Columbia University 243 New York University School of Medicine 149 The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford, Jr. University 302 University of California, San Francisco 227 University of California, Davis 162 Dallas Independent School District 234 Baylor College of Medicine 187 The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 139 Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania 273 University of Pittsburgh 212 The Pennsylvania State University 143 Harvard University 211 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 171 Trustees of Boston University 107 The University of Chicago 208 Northwestern University 175 University of Illinois at Chicago 160 Emory University 286 The University of Georgia 90 Georgia Institute of Technology 90 The Ohio State University 203 Case Western Reserve University 126 University of Cincinnati 67 John Hopkins University 339 University of Maryland College Park 170 Baltimore City Public Schools 101 University of Florida 167 University of Miami 82 Florida International University 63 39 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION H-2A Temporary Labor Certification for Agricultural Workers The H-2A nonimmigrant program is designed to provide our nation’s farms with short-term agricultural labor when the number of available domestic workers is insufficient. H-2A labor certification is generally granted for activities lasting 10 months or less. Most occupations (e.g., field hand) require unskilled or low-skilled labor, while a few (e.g., operator of combines) require specialized skills. There is no yearly limit (cap) on the number of foreign workers who may be issued an H-2A visa. An employer seeking to employ agricultural workers under the H-2A program files an H-2A Application for Temporary Employment Certification with OFLC, and performs recruitment activities to conduct a test of the labor market for U.S. workers subsequent to the filing of the application. In FY 2016, there were 165,741 positions certified during the fiscal year. There was an increase of over 18 percent in the number of positions requested for H-2A job opportunities and a decrease of almost 17 percent in the number of H-2A temporary employment certification applications certified in FY 2016 over FY 2015. Summary of H-2A Specialty Occupations Program VISA TYPE H-2A ACTIONS FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY 2016 % CHANGE Determinations 8,388 9,405 10,339 8,684 -16.01% Labor Certification Applications Certified 8,118 9,152 9,962 8,297 -16.71% Positions Requested 105,735 123,528 145,874 172,654 18.36% Positions Certified 98,821 116,689 139,832 165,741 18.53% 40 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Final Rule Range Herding or Production of Livestock in the United States Employers who seek to hire temporary H-2A agricultural workers to perform herding or production of livestock on the range, as described in 20 CFR 655 Subpart B, are subject to certain procedures and standards that are different from the regular H-2A procedures. Separate standards and procedures are necessary for these occupations because some of the requirements of the general H-2A Final Rule (published in 2010) do not apply to these unique occupations, which are located in remote areas and require non-traditional regular work schedule involving workers generally being on call 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. The Department has established these regulatory variances, also referred to as “herding/livestock production procedures,” for employers engaged in the herding or production of sheep, cattle, goats, horses, and other domestic hooved livestock raised on the range because of the unique nature and circumstances of these occupations. Establishing a single set of procedures for these occupations creates administrative efficiencies for both employers and the Department, promotes greater consistency in the review of H-2A applications, provides workers employed in the United States with improved benefits and protections, and provides greater clarity for employers with respect to compliance with program requirements. The Final Rule creates administrative efficiencies for both employers and the Department of Labor, promotes greater consistency in the review of H-2A applications, provides workers employed in the United States with improved benefits and protections, and provides greater clarity for employers with respect to compliance with program requirements. 41 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION States with More Than 2,000 H-2A Certifications In FY 2016, 172,654 agricultural labor positions were requested and 165,741 were certified. This represented an 18.36 percent increase in requested positions and an 18.53 percent increase in positions certified in FY 2016 over the previous fiscal year. Over 2,000 positions were certified for work in 20 states. Of these states, Florida, North Carolina, Georgia, Washington, California, Louisiana, Kentucky, New York, and Arizona had the greatest demand, with over 5,000 positions certified for each State. Florida is the top state for H-2A positions certified with 22,828 certified positions. Top 25 H-2A Crops and Occupations Certified States with More Than 2,000 Positions Certified PRIMARY CROPS/OCCUPATIONS POSITIONS CERTIFIED EMPLOYER LOCATIONS POSITIONS CERTIFIED Berries 15,335 Florida 22,828 Hay and Straw 10,066 North Carolina 19,786 Apples 9,764 Georgia 17,392 Tobacco 9,269 Washington 13,689 General Farm Worker 8,717 California 11,106 Melons 8,513 Louisiana 8,301 Sweet Potatoes 7,426 Kentucky 6,779 Lettuce 7,060 New York 5,522 Nursery and Greenhouse Workers 6,008 Arizona 5,391 Corn 5,893 South Carolina 3,896 Onions 5,282 Michigan 3,878 Tomatoes 4,836 Mississippi 3,580 Agricultural Equipment Operator 4,786 Virginia 3,432 Fruits and Vegetables 4,538 Tennessee 3,224 Citrus 4,530 Texas 3,116 Squash 3,749 Arkansas 3,114 Livestock 3,582 Idaho 2,994 Peppers 3,494 Iowa 2,155 Sugarcane 3,435 Colorado 2,058 Trees 3,340 Nevada 2,051 Oranges 3,030 Construction of Livestock Buildings 2,977 Cucumbers 2,713 Cherries 2,572 Peaches 2,539 All Others 22,287 42 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Top 10 Employers with Most H-2A Certified Workers In FY 2016, the North Carolina Growers Association, Inc. was the largest petitioner for H-2A workers, having 12,155 certified positions and accounting for 61 percent of North Carolina’s H-2A positions. The next largest petitioner was the Washington Farm Labor Association with 9,455 certified positions and accounting for 69 percent of Washington’s H-2A positions. Fresh Harvest, Inc. is the third largest petitioner with 3,189 certified positions and accounting for 23 percent of Washington’s H-2A positions. Top 10 Employers with the Most H-2A Certified Workers EMPLOYERS POSITIONS CERTIFIED North Carolina Growers Association 12,155 Washington Farm Labor Association 9,455 Fresh Harvest, Inc. 3,819 Rodrigo Gutierrez-Tapia 3,083 Zirkle Fruit Company 2,596 Elkhorn Packing Company, LLC 2,304 Peri & Sons Farms, Inc. 2,003 Virginia Agricultural Growers Associations 1,642 R & R Harvesting, Inc. 1,638 Alewelt Concrete, Inc. 1,343 Top 10 Cities for H-2A CITY TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR ALL EMPLOYERS IN CITY TOP EMPLOYER IN EACH CITY TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY Vass, NC 12,155 North Carolina Growers Association 12,155 Yuma, AZ 2,858 Elkhorn Packing Company, LLC 548 Arcadia, FL 2,615 DeSoto Fruit and Harvesting, Inc. 465 Brewster, WA 2,179 Washington Farm Labor Association 2,164 Prosser, WA 1,990 Zirkle Fruit Company 1,950 Yerington, NV 1,873 Peri & Sons Farms, Inc. 1,570 Plant City, FL 1,688 Temp Labor, LLC 867 Lyons, GA 1,459 Joel A. Salgado 370 Alma, GA 1,446 AAA Faria, LLC 200 Norman Park, GA 1,334 Hamilton Growers, Inc. 717 43 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION All States Ranked by Number of H-2A Positions Certified STATE POSITIONS CERTIFIED STATE POSITIONS CERTIFIED Florida 22,828 New Jersey 1,016 North Carolina 19,786 Alabama 972 Georgia 17,392 Nebraska 967 Washington 13,689 Utah 934 California 11,106 Pennsylvania 892 Louisiana 8,301 Wisconsin 853 Kentucky 6,779 Missouri 846 New York 5,522 South Dakota 820 Arizona 5,391 Maryland 804 South Carolina 3,896 Kansas 789 Michigan 3,878 Oregon 759 Mississippi 3,580 Maine 700 Virginia 3,432 Montana 620 Tennessee 3,224 Oklahoma 526 Texas 3,116 Vermont 520 Arkansas 3,114 Massachusetts 437 Idaho 2,994 Delaware 392 Iowa 2,155 New Mexico 381 Colorado 2,058 Wyoming 328 Nevada 2,051 Connecticut 327 Indiana 1,974 New Hampshire 169 North Dakota 1,372 West Virginia 116 Ohio 1,297 Hawaii 51 Minnesota 1,296 Alaska 17 Illinois 1,270 Rhode Island 4 44 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT H-2B Temporary Labor Certification for Non-Agricultural Workers The H-2B nonimmigrant program provides an avenue for employers to hire foreign workers to perform temporary, nonagricultural services or labor for which no willing, qualified, or able U.S. worker is available. H-2B workers play a vital role in the U.S. economy by reducing the negative economic impact of labor shortages in several important industries. Some work such as seafood processors in states like Maryland, Virginia, and Louisiana; many more provide landscaping services to homes and businesses throughout America; and thousands of others supplement the workforce in industries like construction, housekeeping, hospitality, and forestry. Under the April 2015 Interim Final Rule, applicable to FY 2016, to be eligible for the H-2B program an employer must have temporary need on a seasonal, peakload, intermittent or one-time occurrence basis. H-2B workers play a vital role in the U.S. economy by reducing In Fiscal Year 2016, OFLC rendered 7,209 total application determinations, which constitutes almost 11 percent increase over FY 2015. Of those determinations, 5,933 were decisions to certify the application, an increase of 16 percent over FY 2015. Applicants requested OFLC certify a total of 143,311 positions, a 13.61 percent increase over FY 2015. Of those requested positions, OFLC certified 119,232, a 17.16 percent increase over FY 2015. the negative economic impact of labor shortages in several important industries. Summary of H-2B Temporary Labor Certification Program VISA TYPE H-2B ACTIONS FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY 2016 % CHANGE Determinations 4,710 5,464 6,521 7,209 10.55% Labor Certification Applications Certified 3,990 4,638 5,112 5,933 16.06% Positions Requested 98,402 107,719 126,138 143,311 13.61% Positions Certified 82,307 93,649 101,765 119,232 17.16% 45 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Employers with the Most H-2B Certifications The employer with the most certified positions was Genuine Builders, which had 1,068 construction labor positions certified. The remaining top five employers by number of positions certified were Silver Bay Seafoods, LLC; The Brickman Group, Ltd., LLC; Faith Forestry Services, Inc.; and Icicle Seafoods, Inc. For these employers, OFLC certified 1,715 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers, 803 Forest and Conservation Workers, and 834 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers, total. Employers with the Most H-2B Certified Workers EMPLOYER NAME POSITIONS CERTIFIED TOP OCCUPATIONS BY EMPLOYER POSITIONS CERTIFIED IN OCCUPATION BY EMPLOYER Genuine Builders 1,068 Construction Labor 863 Silver Bay Seafoods, LLC 971 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 971 The Brickman Group, Ltd., LLC 834 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Worker 834 Faith Forestry Services, Inc. 803 Forest and Conservation Workers 704 Icicle Seafoods, Inc. 744 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 698 Progressive Solutions, LLC 724 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Worker 672 Igloo Products Corp 700 Helpers — Production Workers 700 International Plant Services 676 Plumbers, Pipefitters and Steamfitters 584 LandCare 608 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Worker 608 Superior Forestry Service, Inc. 539 Forest and Conservation Workers 539 46 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT States with More than 2,500 H-2B Certified Positions Eighteen states had over 2,500 positions certified during the fiscal year. For the fifth consecutive year, the highest number of applications and positions certified originated in Texas, most commonly for Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers in cities like Austin, Houston, San Antonio, and Dallas. Florida, Colorado, Massachusetts, and Louisiana constituted the remainder of the top five, with 388, 259, 344, and 222 applications certified, respectively. OFLC certified a total of 7,955 positions for Florida; 6,179 for Colorado; 4,480 for Massachusetts; and 4,434 for Louisiana. States with More Than 2,500 H-2B Certified Positions FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY 2016 STATE Applications Certified Positions Certified Applications Certified Positions Certified Applications Certified Positions Certified Applications Certified Positions Certified Texas 453 11,673 502 13,452 617 16,152 732 18,002 Florida 241 6,294 238 5,924 283 7,098 388 7,955 Colorado 150 3,274 170 3,448 225 5,379 259 6,179 Massachusetts 258 2,584 283 2,976 322 3,141 344 4,480 Louisiana 176 4,086 203 5,044 224 5,158 222 4,434 Pennsylvania 232 3,589 234 3,640 237 3,569 280 4,195 Virginia 154 4,135 168 4,085 184 4,862 188 4,124 North Carolina 32 442 105 2,721 125 3,246 137 3,950 Arizona 36 1,264 62 1,980 70 2,160 121 3,826 South Carolina 56 1,920 62 2,106 101 2,644 113 3,498 New York 299 3,276 323 3,227 342 3,531 360 3,420 Maryland 138 3,673 124 2,788 139 3,290 149 3,408 Alaska 63 620 35 270 78 1,576 74 3,250 Ohio 131 1,706 137 1,777 184 2,459 205 2,812 Missouri 120 2,153 141 2,833 153 2,657 160 2,776 New Jersey 172 2,476 159 2,257 169 2,519 185 2,715 Michigan 100 1,880 122 2,175 139 2,336 171 2,621 Mississippi 41 1,925 46 2,598 45 2,860 51 2,520 47 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Top 10 H-2B Occupations The Landscaping and Groundskeeping Worker category was again the most requested occupation, with a total of 2,346 applications and 44,981 positions certified. In a distant second place, OFLC certified a total of 138 applications and 9,434 positions for Forest and Conservation Workers. Following closely behind was Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners, with 407 applications for 7,751 positions; Amusement and Recreation Attendants, with 243 certified applications for 6,992 positions; and Construction Laborers, with 231 applications for 5,237 positions. Completing the top ten was Waiters and Waitresses; Restaurant Cooks; Helpers, Production Workers; and Nonfarm Animal Caretakers. Together, these occupations accounted for 9,197 of the positions certified. Top 10 H-2B Certified Occupations OCCUPATIONAL TITLE APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED POSITIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE HOURLY WAGE Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 2,346 44,981 $12.81 Forest and Conservation Workers 138 9,434 $12.01 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 407 7,751 $10.71 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 243 6,992 $8.95 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 88 5,447 $9.77 Construction Laborers 231 5,237 $14.51 Waiters and Waitresses 195 3,426 $11.20 Cooks, Restaurant 205 2,161 $12.31 Helpers — Production Workers 62 1,974 $12.30 Nonfarm Animal Caretakers 159 1,636 $11.76 Top 10 Employer Cities for H-2B By Positions Certified CITY TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR ALL EMPLOYERS IN CITY Austin, TX TOP EMPLOYER IN EACH CITY TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED FOR TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY TOP OCCUPATION FOR THE TOP EMPLOYER IN CITY 1,785 Benchmark Landscaping, LLC 240 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Phoenix, AZ 1,634 Loftco, Inc. 326 Helpers — ­ Installation, Maintenance and Repair Houston, TX 1,226 Bio Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 348 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers San Antonio, TX 1,216 Maldonado Nursery & Landscaping, Inc. 134 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Sitka, AK 978 Silver Bay Seafoods, LLC 971 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Dallas, TX 971 Precision Landscape Management, LP 212 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Mackinac Island, MI 918 Grand Hotel, LLC 467 Food Preparation Workers Nantucket, MA 853 Nantucket Island Management, LLC 124 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Katy, TX 840 Igloo Products Corporation 700 Helpers — Production Workers Dutch Harbor, AK 762 Icile Seafoods, Inc. 708 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 48 • 2016 ANNUAL REPORT Striving and Moving Forward The Chicago NPC continues to work on streamlining the application process of OFLC’s Temporary programs to ensure consistency and efficiency. To ensure transparency of a Certifying Officer’s decision-making process to stakeholders, the Chicago NPC strives to communicate with stakeholders as frequently and timely as possible. This entails holding stakeholder meetings to allow stakeholders to have face-to-face opportunities to raise concerns directly to staff. Also, the Chicago NPC makes great efforts to respond and publish “Frequently Asked Questions” on topics that stakeholders bring forth to the Chicago NPC. Through additional efforts of outreach in the various TEMP programs, OFLC anticipates an even more collaborative communicative process in FY2017 than FY2016. To ensure transparency of a Certifying Officer’s decision-making process to stakeholders, the Chicago NPC strives to communicate with stakeholders as frequently and timely as possible. 49 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION APPENDIX A State Employment-Based Immigration Profiles Alabama State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM 598 531 446 531 0.46% 0.46% $87,833.20 H-1B 2,044 1,837 2,765 2,508 0.32% 0.21% $78,478.97 H-2B 62 56 2,185 1,882 0.94% 1.58% $11.27 H-2A 48 46 999 972 0.46% 0.70% $10.59 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Montgomery 175 $52,346.85 Birmingham 748 $78,087 Birmingham 63 $85,031.45 Montgomery 375 $88,751 Auburn 38 $59,357.50 Huntsville 282 $77,570 H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Sweet Water 395 $11.24 Demopolis 210 $11.24 Fayette 187 $11.75 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Daphne 224 $10.59 New Market 120 $10.59 Clanton 113 $10.59 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities H-1B PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 44 $19,040.98 Helpers—Production Workers 36 $19,053.00 Internists, General 27 $206,122.15 Software Developers, Applications 27 $82,219.33 Industrial Engineers 24 $74,678.38 H-2B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Computer Systems Analysts 452 $72,502.45 Software Developers, Applications 355 $70,564.79 Software Developers, Systems Software 190 $81,950.20 Computer Programmers 170 $61,134.65 Computer Occupations, All Other 125 $71,816.82 H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Forest and Conservation Workers 746 Nursery and Greenhouse Workers 268 $10.59 Sweet Potatoes 224 $10.59 Watercress 120 $10.59 Peaches 112 $10.59 General Farmworker 86 $10.59 $12.65 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 394 $10.99 Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators 207 $11.24 Packers and Packagers, Hand 97 $9.26 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 95 $10.97 52 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Alaska State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM 41 36 29 36 0.03% 0.03% $95,459.85 H-1B 177 152 362 331 0.03% 0.03% $81,651.26 H-2B 89 74 3,757 3,250 1.25% 2.73% $16.17 H-2A 1 1 17 17 0.01% 0.01% $10.00 Top Three Cities H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Anchorage 20 $101,804.75 Anchorage 261 $83,373 Juneau 4 $66,798.80 Fairbanks 22 $87,827 Fairbanks 3 $195,561.07 Kenai 15 $113,901 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Sitka 982 $14.62 Dutch Harbor 764 $16.44 Dillingham 400 $9.75 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Anchorage 17 $10.00 — — — — — — Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Cost Estimators 3 $95,033.33 Computer Systems Analysts 120 $69,272.02 44 $64,645.29 Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists 3 $77,777.93 Network And Computer Systems Administrators Medical and Health Services Managers 2 $89,700.00 Computer Occupations, All Other 41 $76,073.47 Lodging Managers 2 $57,865.50 Financial Analysts 17 $99,967.00 Chefs and Head Cooks 2 $50,065.50 Accountants And Auditors 7 $57,810.43 H-2A H-2B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 2,735 $10.04 Retail Salespersons 164 $13.39 Food Batchmakers 157 $16.30 Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators 49 $16.89 Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products 44 $11.50 Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Tomatoes 17 $10.00 — — — — — — — — — — — — 53 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Arizona State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM 1392 1251 1115 1251 1.08% 1.08% $90,726.45 H-1B 9,630 8,953 17,971 16,834 1.55% 1.40% $79,344.77 H-2B 172 121 5,263 3,826 2.04% 3.21% $12.81 H-2A 70 65 5,481 5,391 0.65% 3.86% $11.20 Top Three Cities H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Chandler 376 $83,762.62 Phoenix 10,407 $78,301 Phoenix 349 $94,675.43 Chandler 1,676 $77,978 Scottsdale 151 $88,352.78 Scottsdale 1,579 $77,975 H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Phoenix 1,643 $13.16 Scottsdale 325 $10.37 Laveen 315 $8.75 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Yuma 2,858 $11.20 Roll 668 $11.20 Tonopah 480 $11.20 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities H-1B PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 397 $90,351.34 Computer Systems Analysts 5,044 $76,636.42 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 174 $85,161.77 Software Developers, Applications 2,177 $84,866.36 1,740 $74,561.92 Computer Systems Analysts 88 $95,778.25 Computer Systems Analyst Software Developers, Systems Software 86 $88,445.45 Computer Occupations, All Other 1,381 $73,045.35 $189,900.98 Computer Programmers 1,367 $66,473.28 Internists, General 40 H-2A H-2B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 741 $11.60 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 632 $8.86 Construction Laborers 339 $14.57 Helpers—Production Workers 275 $11.93 Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers 250 $17.64 Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Lettuce 3,501 $11.20 Melons 520 $11.20 Broccoli 374 $11.20 Construction of Livestock Buildings 144 $11.20 Celery 135 $11.20 54 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Arkansas State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM 564 398 772 398 0.34% 0.34% $68,627.97 H-1B 3,388 3,116 6,310 5,476 0.54% 0.46% $76,949.58 H-2B 55 50 2,218 2,078 0.84% 1.74% $11.78 H-2A 212 207 3,274 3,114 2.08% 2.23% $10.69 Top Three Cities H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Springdale 109 $22,294.33 Bentonville 3,912 $71,402 Bentonville 68 $97,153.76 Little Rock 725 $88,630 Little Rock 60 $95,346.86 Paragould 132 $108,049 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Russellville 428 $10.35 Hermitage 370 $13.11 Leslie 178 $10.87 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Hermitage 736 $10.69 Colt 190 $10.69 Hamburg 160 $10.69 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities H-1B PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 162 $21,021.48 Software Developers, Applications 77 $82,594.97 Physicians and Surgeons, All Other 17 $250,742.00 Internists, General 15 $214,118.27 Computer and Information Systems Managers 14 $123,963.21 H-2B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Computer Systems Analysts 1,642 $71,007.34 Computer Occupations, All Other 775 $73,311.55 Computer Programmers 613 $63,514.39 Computer Systems Analyst 599 $71,906.11 Software Developers, Applications 449 $75,119.31 H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Forest and Conservation Workers 1,212 Tomatoes 952 $10.69 Melons 277 $10.69 Sweet Potatoes 261 $10.69 Agricultural Equipment Operators 241 $10.69 Grains 212 $10.69 $12.06 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 568 $10.78 Tree Trimmers and Pruners 76 $14.49 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 62 $8.49 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and 32 $8.45 55 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION California State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM 29579 27548 23246 27548 23.76% 23.76% $111,212.11 H-1B 116,026 105,159 244,076 227,039 18.15% 18.94% $94,353.50 H-2B 192 131 2,786 2,130 2.21% 1.79% $14.38 H-2A 316 298 11,369 11,106 2.99% 7.94% $11.89 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer San Francisco 2,957 $126,575.17 San Francisco 28,942 $104,830 San Jose 2,674 $121,412.50 San Jose 27,843 $102,543 Mountain View 2,469 $122,767.40 Cupertino 18,444 $120,869 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Yreka 200 $9.38 Redlands 125 $25.00 Riverside 120 $9.41 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Santa Maria 1,277 $11.89 Salinas 918 $11.89 Bard 837 $11.89 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 8,772 $124,128.67 Software Developers, Applications 38,310 $114,665.66 Software Developers, Systems Software 4,620 $12,6828.64 Computer Systems Analysts 36,844 $83,358.34 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 2,010 $115,187.13 Software Developers, Systems Software 22,627 $121,122.13 Computer Systems Analysts 1,938 $109,565.68 Computer Occupations, All Other 20,420 $84,640.30 Computer and Information Systems Managers 704 $158,181.88 Computer Programmers 15,689 $68,568.78 H-2A H-2B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Amusement and Recreation Attendants 913 $9.65 Berries 4,705 $11.89 2,650 $11.89 Forest and Conservation Workers 668 $9.53 Lettuce Coaches and Scouts 602 $18.37 Livestock 871 $11.89 Tomatoes 475 $11.89 Onions 380 $11.89 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 240 $13.81 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and 142 $10.39 56 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Colorado State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/AEWR PERM 969 875 783 875 0.75% 0.75% $92,261.33 H-1B 6,297 5,602 14,613 13,103 0.97% 1.09% $80,037.41 H-2B 310 259 7,612 6,179 4.37% 5.18% $13.82 H-2A 245 232 2,143 2,058 2.33% 1.47% $11.27 Top Three Cities H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Denver 153 $91,763.59 Denver 3,614 $77,234 Englewood 111 $103,034.62 Englewood 3,160 $80,014 Greenwood Village 94 $107,097.62 Lone Tree 1,110 $80,252 H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Aurora 613 $13.88 Denver 602 $14.09 Colorado Springs 569 $11.88 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Palisade 326 $11.74 Brighton 284 $11.74 Olathe 172 $11.74 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 8,772 $124,128.67 Computer Systems Analysts 3,198 $78,644.65 Software Developers, Systems Software 4,620 $126,828.64 Software Developers, Applications 1,959 $87,854.94 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 2,010 $115,187.13 Computer Occupations, All Other 1,267 $78,720.07 Computer Systems Analysts 1,938 $109,565.68 Computer Programmers 1,167 $95,263.46 Computer and Information Systems Managers 704 $158,181.88 Software Developers, Systems Software 1,161 $72,120.08 H-2A H-2B Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Fruits and Vegetables 439 $11.74 Livestock 404 $11.74 Peaches 347 $11.74 $16.65 Nursery and Greenhouse Workers 127 $11.74 107 $17.28 Lettuce 109 $11.74 102 $15.74 Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 4130 $13.69 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 863 $11.74 Rock Splitters, Quarry 144 Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers Construction Laborers 57 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Connecticut State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 1176 1062 815 1062 0.92% 0.92% $104,665.45 H-1B 9,943 9,281 23,878 21,864 1.60% 1.82% $82,147.49 H-2B 36 27 609 547 0.46% 0.46% $18.45 H-2A 52 51 358 327 0.51% 0.23% $11.74 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Stamford 152 $112298.32 Hartford 5,550 $79,378 Hartford 81 $112299.34 Stamford 3,938 $87,880 South Windsor 62 $90247.97 Norwalk 1,439 $85,287 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Wilton 75 $22.00 New London 75 $26.00 Mystic 70 $25.80 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Lebanon 90 $11.74 East Windsor 25 $11.74 Wallingford 24 $11.74 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 364 $96,718.94 Computer Systems Analysts 6,016 $79,068.79 Computer Systems Analysts 76 $100,618.12 Software Developers, Applications 2,999 $84,887.97 Computer Programmers 1,942 $70,784.23 Computer Occupations, All Other 1,644 $81,416.27 Accountants And Auditors 1,119 $66,276.91 Financial Analysts 48 $132,299.24 Computer and Information Systems Managers 42 $137,058.50 Internists, General 37 $193,623.05 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Coaches and Scouts 269 $21.91 Nursery and Greenhouse Workers 116 $11.74 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 163 $15.37 Fruits and Vegetables 59 $11.74 Recreation Workers 51 $16.71 Apples 57 $11.74 Waiters and Waitresses 22 $10.60 Tobacco 49 $11.74 Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Horses 15 $11.74 20 $26.09 58 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Delaware State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 609 560 466 560 0.48% 0.48% $83,032.26 H-1B 3,503 3,216 6,967 6,227 0.56% 0.52% $81,763.76 H-2B 32 27 485 419 0.46% 0.35% $12.75 H-2A 14 14 392 392 0.14% 0.28% $11.66 Top Three Cities H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Wilmington 194 $100,133.23 Wilmington 4,488 $79,111 Newark 137 $97,480.43 Newark 749 $82,180 Millsboro 136 $23,014.21 New Castle 256 $77,834 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Wilmington 64 $13.58 Milton 60 $13.03 Delmar 40 $13.03 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Bridgeville 158 $11.66 Wyoming 90 $11.66 Georgetown 65 $11.66 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities H-1B PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 207 Computer Systems Analysts 1,972 $72,617.80 Computer Programmers 915 $70,084.45 Software Developers, Applications 822 $91,100.00 Computer Occupations, All Other 703 $70,679.13 Computer Systems Analyst 340 $80,130.46 $47.47 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 136 $43.59 Computer Systems Analysts 61 $36.44 Statisticians 17 $41.44 Internists, General 13 $48.93 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 322 $13.27 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 25 $9.10 Construction Laborers 20 $16.74 Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, 15 $9.28 Helpers—Painters, Paperhangers, Plasterers, and 12 $13.17 Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Melons 162 $11.66 Squash 90 $11.66 Drivers 49 $11.66 Tomatoes 46 $11.66 Beans 21 $11.66 59 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION District of Columbia State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 482 426 369 426 0.37% 0.37% $84,936.76 H-1B 3,980 3,570 7,321 6,716 0.62% 0.56% $81,295.07 H-2B — — — — — — — H-2A — — — — — — — Top Three Cities H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Washington, DC 414 $95576.59 Washington, DC 6,691 $81346 — — — — — — — — — — — — H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) Positions Certified Average Wage Offer — — — — — — — — — City Name Positions Certified AEWR — — — — — — — — — Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities H-1B PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 71 $107,538.33 Computer Systems Analysts 1,672 $78,294.03 Economists 33 $135,438.01 Computer Programmers 641 $83,725.99 637 $91,628.68 Accountants and Auditors 19 $75,396.79 Software Developers, Applications Computer Systems Analysts 17 $105,037.76 Software Developers, Systems Software 609 $68,835.16 $186,665.00 Management Analysts 463 $87,928.24 Cooks, Restaurant 16 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 60 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Florida State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 4014 3657 3484 3657 3.15% 3.15% $74,599.70 H-1B 20,409 18,880 47,248 43,642 3.26% 3.64% $73,892.42 H-2B 481 388 9,435 7,955 6.54% 6.67% $12.16 H-2A 294 269 23,919 22,828 2.70% 16.33% $10.70 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Miami 740 $81,673.21 Tampa 7,405 $73,401 Tampa 556 $83,376.70 Lake Mary 7,155 $77,142 Jacksonville 187 $89,029.74 Miami 5,210 $74,473 H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Boca Raton 626 $12.53 Naples 582 $13.63 Panama City Beach 381 $9.97 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Arcadia 2,615 $10.70 Plant City 1,688 $10.70 LaBelle 887 $10.70 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 887 $85,971.97 Computer Systems Analysts 12,117 $71,833.60 Computer Systems Analysts 177 $92,747.62 Software Developers, Applications 8,512 $77,038.79 Financial Managers 126 $121,259.22 Computer Programmers 4,072 $63,187.84 Marketing Managers 113 $106,491.55 Computer Occupations, All Other 2,977 $71,177.09 Computer and Information Systems Managers 88 $129,679.29 Software Developers, Systems Software 2,462 $85,727.16 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Waiters and Waitresses 1,352 $11.52 Citrus 4,433 $10.70 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 1,309 $10.13 Berries 3,183 $10.70 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 1,284 $11.49 Oranges 2,977 $10.70 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 1,186 $8.84 Melons 2,804 $10.70 Cooks, Restaurant 673 $12.49 Grapefruits 1,795 $10.70 61 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Georgia State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 4352 3822 3533 3822 3.30% 3.30% $56,350.82 H-1B 24,672 22,719 46,771 44,061 3.92% 3.68% $75,622.24 H-2B 107 79 3,466 2,404 1.33% 2.02% $12.32 H-2A 225 202 18,720 17,392 2.03% 12.44% $10.59 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Atlanta 960 $97,355.00 Atlanta 28,336 $78,401 Alpharetta 587 $97,432.45 Alpharetta 6,664 $71,492 Claxton 259 $17,463.06 Norcross 857 $66,398 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Ringgold 390 $10.82 Lawrenceville 248 $14.11 Sea Island 210 $10.34 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Lyons 1,459 $10.59 Alma 1,446 $10.59 Norman Park 1,334 $10.59 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 1187 $280,509.27 Computer Systems Analysts 12,192 12,192 Software Developers, Applications 7,297 7,297 Computer Programmers 4,604 4,604 Computer Occupations, All Other 3,689 3,689 Software Developers, Systems Software 3,508 3,508 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 385 $19,808.30 Computer Systems Analysts 334 $88,528.00 Butchers and Meat Cutters 214 $20,321.02 Helpers--Production Workers 210 $16,856.47 H-2A H-2B Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Berries 3,774 $10.59 Onions 3,456 $10.59 $11.65 Melons 2,583 $10.59 230 $13.27 Peppers 1,741 $10.59 Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers 123 $18.05 Cabbage 939 $10.59 Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand 91 $11.95 Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 783 $11.79 Forest and Conservation Workers 506 Construction Laborers 62 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Guam State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 129 118 130 118 0.10% 0.10% $68,534.67 H-1B 321 290 323 292 0.05% 0.02% $64,965.19 H-2B — — — — — — — H-2A — — — — — — — Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Tamuning 44 $65,524.00 Tamuning 142 $66,408 Dededo 21 $56,138.10 Dededo 41 $91,589 Harmon 19 $30,602.36 Barrigada 29 $47,538 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer — — — — — — — — — City Name Positions Certified AEWR — — — — — — — — — Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Electrical Engineers 18 $50,112.67 Civil Engineers 60 $44,966.26 Civil Engineers 13 $49,681.62 Electrical Engineers 52 $45,487.41 Carpenters 11 $29,721.31 Mechanical Engineers 31 $46,008.36 Cooks, Restaurant 10 $19,136.00 Accountants And Auditors 29 $38,916.23 Accountants and Auditors 8 $45,620.63 Physicians And Surgeons, All Other 19 $280,005.05 H-2B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer — — — — — H-2A Occupation Positions AEWR Certified — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 63 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Hawaii State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 89 72 82 72 0.06% 0.06% $84,845.41 H-1B 504 405 835 726 0.07% 0.06% $72,235.49 H-2B 3 3 37 37 0.05% 0.03% $13.09 H-2A 8 8 51 51 0.08% 0.04% $12.64 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Honolulu 59 $68,260.56 Honolulu 627 $69,532 Kahului 2 $107,000.00 Mililani 26 $74,677 Kailua-Kona 2 $86,398.50 Hilo 23 $68,663 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Honolulu 18 $44.45 Wailea-Makena 17 $44.45 Hanalei 2 $13.09 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Kunia Kunia $12.64 Captian Cook Captian Cook $12.64 Kea'au Kea'au $12.64 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 6 $77,960.00 Computer Systems Analysts 210 $71,368.87 Cooks, Restaurant 6 $25,560.00 Management Analysts 76 $60,989.56 Financial Managers 4 $82,775.46 Software Developers, Applications 64 $75,551.65 Business Teachers, Postsecondary 3 $129,089.33 Electrical Engineers 35 $45,392.99 Computer Systems Analysts 3 $93,776.00 Accountants And Auditors 34 $76,045.22 H-2A H-2B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Stonemasons 35 $44.45 Melons 34 $12.64 Retail Salespersons 2 $13.09 Bees 11 $12.64 — — — Livestock 4 $12.64 — — — Oranges 1 $12.64 — — — General Farmworker 1 $12.64 64 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Idaho State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 145 126 135 126 0.11% 0.11% $93,253.80 H-1B 875 781 1,331 1,233 0.13% 0.10% $77,045.01 H-2B 48 36 1,228 1,103 0.61% 0.93% $13.21 H-2A 497 489 3,043 2,994 4.91% 2.14% $11.75 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Boise 93 $86,796.97 Boise 987 $78,647 Moscow 9 $56,618.22 Twin Falls 61 $71,135 Idaho Falls 6 $101,660.00 Idaho Falls 42 $81,505 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Coeur d' Alene 246 $11.18 Oakley 240 $11.04 Coeur d'Alene 135 $11.18 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Hamer 545 $11.75 Rupert 194 $11.75 Bonners Ferry 154 $11.75 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 33 $90,403.70 Computer Programmers 190 $68,504.43 Materials Engineers 22 $87,131.18 Computer Systems Analysts 177 $77,460.49 Software Developers, Applications 10 $94,163.90 Software Developers, Applications 123 $73,144.56 Industrial Engineers 9 $88,376.44 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 93 $91,366.19 Software Developers, Systems Software 4 $94,079.50 Computer Occupations, All Other 77 $70,651.83 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Forest and Conservation Workers 542 $11.53 Hay and Straw 895 $11.75 Packers and Packagers, Hand 200 $9.93 Potatoes 468 $11.75 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 137 $13.00 Grains 403 $11.75 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 50 $9.79 Agricultural Equipment Operator 400 $11.75 Rock Splitters, Quarry 44 $16.51 Livestock 351 $11.75 65 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Illinois State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 4820 4434 3486 4434 3.82% 3.82% $93,013.34 H-1B 34,774 32,156 75,556 70,515 5.55% 5.88% $77,040.80 H-2B 106 81 2,198 1,790 1.37% 1.50% $14.47 H-2A 68 64 1,320 1,270 0.64% 0.91% $12.07 Top Three Cities H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Chicago 1,397 $97,149.79 Chicago 33,734 $78,515 Rosemont 380 $93,476.52 Bloomington 3,825 $72,413 Schaumburg 272 $86,528.62 Schaumburg 2,861 $72,740 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Wauconda 312 $11.78 Chicago 157 $28.05 Caseyville 143 $10.80 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Keenes 216 $12.07 Manito 140 $12.07 Clayton 76 $12.07 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities H-1B PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 1809 $104,042.35 Computer Systems Analysts 15,974 $75,348.96 Computer Systems Analysts 370 $89,435.78 Software Developers, Applications 11,020 $77,895.88 Computer and Information Systems Managers 223 $120,585.47 Software Developers, Systems Software 7,589 $87,893.48 Software Developers, Systems Software 153 $99,920.05 Computer Occupations, All Other 6,047 $73,931.15 Management Analysts 126 $121,852.45 Computer Programmers 5,655 $64,533.65 H-2A H-2B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 995 $13.24 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 256 $9.27 Coaches and Scouts 200 $23.50 Helpers--Roofers 75 $13.76 Construction Laborers 56 $9.32 Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Corn 454 $12.07 Construction of Livestock Buildings 312 $12.07 Agricultural Equipment Operator 211 $12.07 Fruits and Vegetables 151 $12.07 General Farmworker 50 $12.07 66 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Indiana State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 1005 948 735 948 0.82% 0.82% $103,156.44 H-1B 6,381 5,588 12,219 10,772 0.96% 0.90% $76,970.25 H-2B 76 60 1,433 1,226 1.01% 1.03% $11.49 H-2A 54 50 2,210 1,974 0.50% 1.41% $12.07 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Columbus 322 $81,565.41 Indianapolis 5,161 $74,038 Indianapolis 253 $94,936.73 Columbus 1,311 $73,616 West Lafayette 58 $93,952.47 Fort Wayne 615 $84,548 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Indianapolis 439 $11.95 Westfield 149 $11.74 Farmland 115 $8.34 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Remington 400 $12.07 Vincennes 344 $12.07 Oaktown 186 $12.07 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 171 $93,981.49 Computer Systems Analysts 3,121 $69,621.77 Mechanical Engineers 152 $79,536.38 Software Developers, Applications 1,165 $73,069.78 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 60 $81,875.18 Computer Programmers 862 $63,466.17 Computer Systems Analysts 56 $83,801.42 Computer Occupations, All Other 661 $64,411.42 Internists, General 35 $230,396.23 Mechanical Engineers 538 $70,057.48 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 835 Corn 975 $12.07 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 127 $8.30 Melons 593 $12.07 Nonfarm Animal Caretakers 65 $10.85 Cucumbers 110 $12.07 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 59 $9.04 Construction of Livestock Buildings 94 $12.07 Construction Laborers 42 $17.23 Squash 47 $12.07 $11.86 67 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Iowa State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 490 456 374 456 0.39% 0.39% $90,623.10 H-1B 2,918 2,556 5,685 5,059 0.44% 0.42% $78,217.39 H-2B 47 37 619 573 0.62% 0.48% $13.93 H-2A 140 129 2,345 2,155 1.29% 1.54% $12.17 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Cedar Rapids 75 $87,161.64 Des Moines 1,327 $72,461 Iowa City 64 $128,500.06 Cedar Rapids 978 $77,657 West Des Moines 46 $80,822.53 West Des Moines 409 $68,578 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Sioux City 90 $12.71 Randalia 70 $14.90 Graettinger 39 $12.58 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Conesville 347 $12.17 Waterloo 128 $12.17 Lawler 91 $12.17 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 114 $81,425.01 Computer Systems Analysts 1,655 $70,655.97 Physicians and Surgeons, All Other 29 $234,812.14 Computer Programmers 556 $63,423.26 Software Developers, Systems Software 29 $83,660.00 Software Developers, Applications 478 $73,466.36 Internists, General 28 $224,080.45 Computer Occupations, All Other 301 $66,297.42 Computer Systems Analysts 22 $83,575.59 Computer Systems Analyst 286 $72,480.93 H-2A H-2B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Construction Laborers 246 $14.59 Construction of Livestock Buildings 1,171 $12.17 Helpers--Production Workers 106 $13.90 Corn 772 $12.17 Grains 70 $12.17 General Farmworker 68 $12.17 Agricultural Equipment Operator 28 $12.17 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 68 $13.31 Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and 50 $13.23 Helpers--Carpenters 30 $13.70 68 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Kansas State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 401 368 310 368 0.32% 0.32% $76,520.59 H-1B 2,743 2,506 4,347 3,932 0.43% 0.33% $79,384.33 H-2B 60 47 1,281 1,159 0.79% 0.97% $13.00 H-2A 118 115 810 789 1.15% 0.56% $13.80 Top Three Cities H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Overland Park 111 $91,472.85 Overland Park 1,419 $75,554 Wichita 54 $97,003.15 Topeka 849 $77,431 Olathe 37 $89,606.76 Wichita 585 $83,549 H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified AEWR Hays 68 $69,698.13 Olathe 185 $12.96 Syracuse 42 $81,320.91 Shawnee 141 $12.79 Great Bend 33 $64,263.15 Gardner 121 $12.79 $73,515.86 $76,655.79 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 114 $81,425.01 Computer Systems Analysts 978 $13.80 Physicians and Surgeons, All Other 29 $234,812.14 Software Developers, Applications 618 $13.80 Software Developers, Systems Software 29 $83,660.00 Computer Programmers 478 $13.80 Internists, General 28 $224,080.45 Computer Systems Analyst 244 $13.80 Computer Systems Analysts 22 $83,575.59 Computer Occupations, All Other 207 $13.80 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 706 $12.77 Construction Laborers 297 $14.17 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 57 $8.47 Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, 30 $13.53 Helpers--Electricians 16 $13.81 Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Agricultural Equipment Operator 335 $13.80 Grains 237 $13.80 Construction of Livestock Buildings 44 $13.80 Grass 32 $13.80 Corn 27 $13.80 69 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Kentucky State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 554 527 423 527 0.45% 0.45% $85,744.32 H-1B 2,605 2,392 6,451 5,811 0.41% 0.48% $79,877.88 H-2B 84 66 1,098 869 1.11% 0.73% $12.06 H-2A 1,125 1,111 6,919 6,779 11.15% 4.85% $10.85 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Overland Park 111 $91,472.85 Louisville 3,384 $69,344 Wichita 54 $97,003.15 Lexington 625 $79,720 Olathe 37 $89,606.76 Georgetown 460 $68,778 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Lexington 299 $11.88 Louisville 94 $12.11 Olympia 50 $12.13 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Murray 358 $10.85 Hopkinsville 333 $10.85 Cadiz 261 $10.85 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities H-1B PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 213 $76,241.10 Computer Systems Analysts 1,998 $66,248.10 Home Health Aides 44 $19,098.80 Software Developers, Applications 1,054 $72,537.09 494 $61,212.62 Computer Systems Analysts 41 $78,676.37 Computer Programmers Internists, General 23 $213,846.96 Computer Occupations, All Other 296 $65,714.84 Software Developers, Systems Software 265 $82,058.47 Network and Computer Systems Administrators* 22 $60,599.41 H-2A H-2B Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Tobacco 5,265 $10.85 Nursery and Greenhouse Workers 836 $10.85 Hay and Straw 439 $10.85 $10.94 Horses 86 $10.85 22 $14.42 Corn 74 $10.85 20 $8.47 Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 656 $11.47 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 40 $8.43 Nonfarm Animal Caretakers 38 Helpers--Carpenters Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, 70 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Louisiana State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 388 332 315 332 0.29% 0.29% $142,454.60 H-1B 2,137 1,898 2,930 2,674 0.33% 0.22% $82,083.96 H-2B 263 222 5,552 4,434 3.74% 3.72% $12.20 H-2A 799 781 8,673 8,301 7.84% 5.94% $10.69 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Baton Rouge 63 $85,574.61 Baton Rouge 569 $75,216 New Orleans 42 $63,275.87 Lafayette 557 $72,886 Kenner 23 $97,593.13 New Orleans 469 $73,654 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Baton Rouge 540 $12.14 Lake Charles 423 $10.23 Slidell 363 $11.08 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Baton Rouge 627 $10.69 Lafayette 588 $10.69 New Orleans 556 $10.69 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 39 $91,540.93 Computer Programmers 673 $67,180.89 Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 18 $22,880.00 Computer Systems Analysts 379 $66,785.41 Internists, General 17 $230,211.76 Software Developers, Applications 293 $79,848.96 Cooks, Restaurant 16 $25,683.06 Computer Occupations, All Other 122 $72,609.63 Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary 12 $143,434.92 Software Developers, Systems Software 87 $79,494.77 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 1,416 $10.99 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 662 $9.98 Packers and Packagers, Hand 370 $10.79 Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, 315 $12.29 Fishers and Related Fishing Workers 303 $17.62 Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Sugarcane 2,954 $10.69 Crawfish 1,436 $10.69 Sweet Potatoes 1,033 $10.69 Nursery and Greenhouse Workers 490 $10.69 Rice 428 $10.69 71 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Maine State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 104 93 89 93 0.08% 0.08% $91,686.85 H-1B 673 629 1,355 1,180 0.11% 0.10% $99,090.42 H-2B 193 178 2,637 2,378 3.00% 1.99% $11.07 H-2A 74 72 724 700 0.72% 0.50% $11.74 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Portland 19 $99,772.32 Portland 492 $78,061 Bangor 17 $208,734.63 South Portland 157 $71,917 South Portland 5 $71,169.40 Augusta 148 $87,199 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Bar Harbor 497 $10.25 Ogunquit 411 $10.64 Jackman 277 $14.22 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Cherryfield 161 $11.74 Presque Isle 119 $11.74 Caribou 114 $11.74 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities H-1B PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 17 $96,380.59 Computer Systems Analysts 423 $73,807.61 159 $78,607.05 Internists, General 15 $209,000.00 Software Developers, Applications Physicians and Surgeons, All Other 13 $249,459.38 Computer Occupations, All Other 113 $69,251.93 83 $65,719.50 42 $68,509.92 Dentists, General 5 $140,528.60 Computer Programmers Chefs and Head Cooks 5 $41,857.40 Computer Systems Analyst H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 670 $10.15 Broccoli 231 $11.74 Forest and Conservation Workers 565 $13.83 Berries 163 $11.74 Cooks, Restaurant 216 $11.58 Apples 93 $11.74 Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers 204 $10.42 Agricultural Equipment Operator 87 $11.74 Waiters and Waitresses 101 $10.66 General Farmworker 61 $11.74 72 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Maryland State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 1646 1474 1234 1474 1.27% 1.27% $103,655.57 H-1B 10,630 9,654 16,681 15,178 1.67% 1.27% $78,777.11 H-2B 181 149 3,794 3,408 2.51% 2.86% $13.20 H-2A 67 63 836 804 0.63% 0.57% $11.66 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Rockville 227 $86,787.84 $86,787.84 $86,787.84 $79,195 Columbia 200 $97,513.51 $97,513.51 $97,513.51 $77,142 Baltimore 181 $96,363.03 $96,363.03 $96,363.03 $78,802 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Columbia 285 $12.52 Fishing Creek 270 $10.28 Fort Washington 249 $13.10 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Hurlock 198 $11.66 Kennedyville 100 $11.66 Smithsburg 52 $11.66 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 416 $104,104.20 Computer Systems Analysts 4,273 $73,570.14 Computer Systems Analysts 147 $93,315.15 Software Developers, Applications 1,998 $88,423.68 Software Developers, Systems Software 77 $104,059.39 Computer Programmers 1,507 $68,809.71 Computer Occupations, All Other 891 $90,969.63 Accountants And Auditors 720 $58,785.89 Network and Computer Systems Administrators* 42 $88,777.32 Internists, General 36 $193,734.42 H-2A H-2B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 1,967 $13.57 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 373 $8.86 Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational 234 $9.90 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 140 $10.32 Packers and Packagers, Hand 79 $10.67 Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Nursery and Greenhouse Workers 228 $11.66 Melons 208 $11.66 Fruits and Vegetables 79 $11.66 Horses 53 $11.66 Corn 46 $11.66 73 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Massachusetts State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 4217 3979 3278 3979 3.43% 3.43% $88,847.01 H-1B 24,520 22,214 46,022 42,118 3.83% 3.51% $82,813.10 H-2B 416 344 5,319 4,480 5.80% 3.76% $13.84 H-2A 121 117 445 437 1.17% 0.31% $11.74 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Boston 703 703 Boston 15,515 $82,471 Cambridge 435 435 Cambridge 2,883 $85,586 Woburn 324 324 Waltham 1,753 $84,828 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Nantucket 858 $14.57 Provincetown 452 $13.48 Chatham 368 $12.03 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Groton 36 $11.74 Lunenburg 29 $11.74 Sterling 26 $11.74 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 1560 $116,283.15 Computer Systems Analysts 9,004 $79,380.18 Computer Systems Analysts 384 $99,606.43 Software Developers, Applications 6,114 $91,510.72 Software Developers, Systems Software 285 $108,512.40 Computer Occupations, All Other 3,785 $80,494.33 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 114 $139,406.39 Computer Programmers 3,334 $69,422.02 Computer and Information Systems Managers 114 $97,081.16 Accountants And Auditors 2,631 $65,386.51 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 684 $13.14 Fruits and Vegetables 173 $11.74 Waiters and Waitresses 478 $12.45 Apples 114 $11.74 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 398 $9.65 Nursery and Greenhouse Workers 73 $11.74 Cooks, Restaurant 394 $14.59 General Farmworker 23 $11.74 Tobacco 17 $11.74 Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, 271 $15.74 74 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Michigan State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 3760 3536 3077 3536 3.05% 3.05% $97,362.83 H-1B 20,757 19,133 35,569 32,794 3.30% 2.74% $75,449.98 H-2B 199 171 3,016 2,621 2.88% 2.20% $11.21 H-2A 88 83 4,062 3,878 0.83% 2.77% $12.02 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Troy 748 $87,447.54 Detroit 4,167 $78,346 Farmington Hills 536 $82,273.32 Troy 3,488 $69,011 Southfield 302 $87,222.13 Auburn Hills 2,728 $76,264 City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Mackinac Island 991 $9.75 Mackinaw City 283 $9.82 Traverse City 126 $10.87 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Kent City 597 $12.02 Sodus 375 $12.02 Conklin 307 $12.02 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 1218 $83,577.76 Computer Systems Analysts 7,152 $70,276.26 Mechanical Engineers 445 $88,780.75 Software Developers, Applications 4,686 $75,733.29 Software Developers, Systems Software 380 $94,927.32 Mechanical Engineers 3,321 $76,897.21 Computer Systems Analysts 224 $85,527.02 Computer Occupations, All Other 2,586 $71,262.54 Database Administrators 98 $87,685.31 Computer Programmers 2,502 $64,241.10 H-2A H-2B Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Apples 1,429 $12.02 General Farmworker 349 $12.02 Corn 338 $12.02 $9.30 Trees 275 $12.02 172 $9.68 Beets 225 $12.02 155 $8.68 Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 786 $12.87 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 514 $9.86 Waiters and Waitresses 187 Food Preparation Workers Amusement and Recreation Attendants 75 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Minnesota State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 921 866 808 866 0.75% 0.75% $82,715.56 H-1B 9,859 9,164 19,337 18,177 1.58% 1.52% $78,720.80 H-2B 117 95 1,770 1,434 1.60% 1.20% $13.22 H-2A 116 115 1,300 1,296 1.15% 0.93% $12.02 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Minneapolis 232 $90,193.34 Minneapolis 8,005 $78,466 Bloomington 61 $91,902.49 Richfield 1,339 $78,172 Eden Prairie 55 $95,352.33 Eden Prairie 1,114 $74,976 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Brownton 80 $15.90 Randolph 70  — Grand Rapids 60 $12.07 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Newport 181 $12.02 Morris 179 $12.02 Foley 106 $12.02 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 245 $95,608.05 Computer Systems Analysts 5,176 $77,056.64 Computer Systems Analysts 79 $90,328.23 Software Developers, Applications 2,604 $83,457.21 Software Developers, Systems Software 41 $100,423.52 Computer Occupations, All Other 1,878 $70,401.13 Cooks, Fast Food 33 $16,842.30 Computer Programmers 1,726 $67,143.20 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 32 $81,426.60 Management Analysts 1,025 $76,668.60 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 479 $14.01 Construction Laborers 218 $8.93 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 106 $12.07 Forest and Conservation Workers 104 $17.41 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 65 $9.85 Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Nursery and Greenhouse Workers 277 $12.02 Agricultural Equipment Operator 208 $12.02 General Farmworker 180 $12.02 Hay and Straw 155 $12.02 Grains 106 $12.02 76 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Mississippi State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 175 147 108 147 0.13% 0.13% $87,049.84 H-1B 834 728 1,627 1,274 0.13% 0.11% $90,270.64 H-2B 61 51 2,958 2,520 0.86% 2.11% $11.80 H-2A 168 161 3,652 3,580 1.62% 2.56% $10.69 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Laurel 32 $41,283.50 Jackson 293 $90,491 Jackson 21 $123,950.34 Ridgeland 285 $74,404 University 8 $65,725.25 Taylorsville 160 $73,741 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Corinth 705 $11.75 Braxton 390 $11.11 Newton 195 $10.64 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Vardaman 584 $10.69 Lucedale 504 $10.69 Bruce 496 $10.69 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 34 $18,508.33 Computer Systems Analysts 443 $67,565.52 Physicians and Surgeons, All Other 10 $295,754.00 Computer Programmers 104 $62,031.06 Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education 10 $43,808.00 Software Developers, Applications 102 $77,869.63 Internists, General 5 $236,000.00 Computer Occupations, All Other 102 $80,155.73 Electrical Engineers 4 $80,773.25 Physicians And Surgeons, All Other 44 $266,800.81 H-2A H-2B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Forest and Conservation Workers 1,611 $12.01 Sweet Potatoes 618 $10.69 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 436 $11.09 Fruits and Vegetables 576 $10.69 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Agricultural Equipment Operator 381 $10.69 115 $9.65 Berries 369 $10.69 General Farmworker 262 $10.69 Construction Laborers 99 $12.68 Fishers and Related Fishing Workers 62 $15.85 77 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Missouri State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 1090 991 1019 991 0.85% 0.85% $108,895.27 H-1B 7,921 7,142 14,367 12,691 1.23% 1.06% $75,065.09 H-2B 179 160 3,024 2,776 2.70% 2.33% $13.34 H-2A 54 50 857 846 0.50% 0.61% $12.17 Top Three Cities H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer St. Louis 130 $102,892.10 St. Louis 4,968 $73,030 Kansas City 93 $83,176.39 Kansas City 1,601 $77,608  —  —  — Springfield 692 $84,844 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer St. Louis 470 $13.14 St. Charles 297 $13.03 Chesterfield 176 $13.03 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Farmington 120 $12.17 Kennett 75 $12.17 Waverly 60 $12.17 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 455 $81,793.33 Computer Systems Analysts 3,483 $73,574.25 Computer Systems Analysts 64 $94,699.45 Software Developers, Applications 1,982 $77,768.04 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 62 $22,897.32 Computer Occupations, All Other 1,501 $70,906.35 Physicians and Surgeons, All Other 28 $199,081.26 Computer Programmers 1,329 $64,513.75 Internists, General 19 $215,625.47 Accountants And Auditors 743 $53,657.54 H-2A H-2B Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 2,332 $12.91 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 158 $9.21 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 89 $8.41 Helpers--Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons 55 $19.74 Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender 33 $9.39 Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Construction of Livestock Buildings 241 $12.17 Tomatoes 160 $12.17 Melons 123 $12.17 Apples 109 $12.17 Nursery and Greenhouse Workers 92 $12.17 78 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Montana State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 67 53 53 53 0.05% 0.05% $75,389.24 H-1B 183 160 840 595 0.03% 0.05% $88,809.88 H-2B 60 43 569 421 0.72% 0.35% $11.80 H-2A 271 255 651 620 2.56% 0.44% $11.75 Top Three Cities H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Billings 9 $230,203.22 Helena 307 $71,292 Bozeman 9 $95,357.86 Bozeman 98 $67,970 $74,791.50 Great Falls 77 $160,775 Butte 9 H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer West Yellowstone 112 $10.13 Billings 76 $14.55 Fort Benton 50 $17.52 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Dillon 96 $11.75 Wisdom 21 $11.75 Polson 21 $11.75 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Physicians and Surgeons, All Other 7 $278,571.43 Computer Systems Analysts 282 $70,188.96 Cooks, Restaurant 5 $22,979.20 Software Developers, Applications 76 $76,680.25 Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 5 $18,216.60 Electrical Engineers 33 $68,000.00 Software Developers, Applications 4 $94,127.00 Actuaries 30 $86,888.00 Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary 4 $64,352.75 Software Developers, Systems Software 25 $53,847.00 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 152 $10.17 Livestock 215 $11.75 Construction Laborers 89 $15.87 Hay and Straw 159 $11.75 Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers 56 $10.51 Agricultural Equipment Operator 65 $11.75 Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 28 $24.83 Grains 58 $11.75 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 25 $12.70 Bees 36 $11.75 79 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Nebraska State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 409 358 371 358 0.31% 0.31% $87,288.13 H-1B 2,002 1,838 4,358 3,755 0.32% 0.31% $80,096.09 H-2B 43 31 546 468 0.52% 0.39% $12.44 H-2A 97 92 999 967 0.92% 0.69% $13.80 Top Three Cities H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Omaha 232 $83,924.12 Omaha 2,756 $76,263 Lincoln 24 $75,973.98 Lincoln 399 $72,236  —  —  — La Vista 182 $82,624 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Lincoln 102 $13.35 Halsey 60 $10.00 Columbus 54 $10.39 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Atkinson 100 $13.80 Hastings 84 $13.80 Columbus 84 $13.80 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 165 Computer Systems Analysts 1,026 $73,078.75 Software Developers, Applications 560 $79,961.80 Computer Systems Analyst 462 $73,946.17 Computer Occupations, All Other 381 $71,120.31 Computer Programmers 226 $66,003.56 $84,189.58 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 55 $24,128.00 Computer Systems Analysts 24 $81,963.83 Physicians and Surgeons, All Other 7 $245,553.71 Network and Computer Systems Administrators* 7 $83,830.14 H-2A H-2B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Construction Laborers 130 $12.60 Corn 303 $13.80 Construction of Livestock Buildings 286 $13.80 Agricultural Equipment Operator 155 $13.80 Nursery and Greenhouse Workers 55 $13.80 Livestock 40 $13.80 Roofers 96 $14.66 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 74 $11.70 Forest and Conservation Workers 60 $10.00 Helpers--Roofers 25 $12.78 80 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Nevada State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 231 203 191 203 0.18% 0.18% $114,480.95 H-1B 1,293 1,127 3,296 2,535 0.19% 0.21% $80,606.65 H-2B 55 32 1,623 837 0.54% 0.70% $13.95 H-2A 99 97 2,058 2,051 0.97% 1.47% $11.27 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Las Vegas 134 $83,066.87 Las Vegas 1,506 $79,082 Reno 25 $101,445.23 Reno 660 $75,464  —  —  — Carson City 172 $74,282 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Las Vegas 604 $13.81 North Las Vegas 145 $12.46 Stateline 65 $10.09 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Yerington 1,873 $11.27 Ely 55 $11.27 Gerlach 19 $11.27 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 33 $94,805.42 Computer Systems Analysts 963 $69,858.52 Chefs and Head Cooks 11 $54,974.91 Accountants And Auditors 236 $87,556.97 Computer and Information Systems Managers 7 $133,299.00 Software Developers, Applications 234 $55,221.69 Civil Engineers 7 $86,104.72 Computer Systems Analyst 173 $75,901.12 Database Administrators 7 $85,010.14 Computer Occupations, All Other 161 $67,896.72 H-2A H-2B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Helpers--Painters, Paperhangers, Plasterers, and 183 $12.67 Helpers--Production Workers 136 $12.01 Helpers--Roofers 100 $10.97 Helpers--Carpenters 90 $16.23 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 73 $9.71 Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Onions 873 $11.27 Lettuce 566 $11.27 General Farmworker 268 $11.27 Livestock 135 $11.27 Agricultural Equipment Operator 69 $11.27 81 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION New Hampshire State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 255 242 220 242 0.21% 0.21% $96,460.34 H-1B 1,893 1,730 4,183 3,545 0.30% 0.30% $79,475.33 H-2B 48 38 476 441 0.64% 0.37% $12.50 H-2A 38 38 169 169 0.38% 0.12% $11.74 Top Three Cities H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Nashua 72 $105,305.71 Dover 1,389 $78,617 Merrimack 34 $98,463.06 Nashua 442 $79,121 Manchester 25 $139,811.56 Manchester 351 $83,993 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Hollis 80 $15.70 Moultonborough 51 $12.67 Laconia 50 $9.50 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Hollis 60 $11.74 Hampton Falls 29 $11.74 Orford 17 $11.74 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 93 $101,268.72 Computer Systems Analysts 1,139 $76,847.62 Computer Systems Analysts 22 $96,065.59 Software Developers, Applications 612 $81,957.99 Software Developers, Systems Software 20 $111,683.55 Computer Programmers 322 $64,666.00 Internists, General 17 $210,737.06 Computer Systems Analyst 297 $76,366.40 Management Analysts 169 $81,287.45 Computer and Information Systems Managers 11 $131,098.84 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 127 $14.73 Apples 71 $11.74 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 78 $9.43 Nursery and Greenhouse Workers 40 $11.74 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 73 $10.91 Fruits and Vegetables 28 $11.74 Waiters and Waitresses 43 $9.49 Trees 17 $11.74 Cooks, Short Order 20 $8.96 General Farmworker 7 $11.74 82 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES New Jersey State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 9858 9166 6954 9166 7.91% 7.91% $83,715.57 H-1B 47,993 44,228 84,011 77,688 7.63% 6.48% $75,762.67 H-2B 204 185 2,810 2,715 3.12% 2.28% $14.01 H-2A 49 47 1,041 1,016 0.47% 0.73% $11.66 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Edison 1,227 $94,841.84 Jersey City 10,929 $85,593 East Brunswick 860 $97,918.61 Teaneck 5,470 $78,906 Jersey City 842 $109,506.03 Princeton 5,234 $72,623 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Jackson 455 $10.81 Whitehouse Station 100 $14.10 Budd Lake 92 $22.49 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Elmer 173 $11.66 Swedesboro 110 $11.66 Cedarville 100 $11.66 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 4552 $100,938.17 Computer Systems Analysts 18,651 $78,876.81 Computer Systems Analysts 1697 $95,808.77 Computer Programmers 14,843 $65,641.89 Software Developers, Applications 11,537 $84,293.56 Computer Occupations, All Other 8,102 $71,419.81 Management Analysts 3,847 $82,021.37 Network and Computer Systems Administrators* 250 $94,294.47 Computer and Information Systems Managers 189 $147,804.63 Database Administrators 182 $97,012.78 H-2A H-2B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 1,476 $13.95 Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, 290 $9.86 Coaches and Scouts 250 $22.72 Recreation Workers 217 $13.93 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 137 $9.52 Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Nursery and Greenhouse Workers 192 $11.66 Peaches 167 $11.66 Fruits and Vegetables 138 $11.66 Peppers 135 $11.66 Asparagus 100 $11.66 83 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION New Mexico State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 277 229 201 229 0.20% 0.20% $107,819.81 H-1B 1,023 932 1,648 1,509 0.16% 0.13% $92,727.22 H-2B 12 9 227 180 0.15% 0.15% $11.14 H-2A 47 42 423 381 0.42% 0.27% $11.20 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Albuquerque 64 $107,008.31 Albuquerque 805 $89,824 Gallup 34 $38,603.22 Santa Fe 179 $76,563 Las Cruces 15 $133,272.40 Las Cruces 78 $121,651 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Edgewood 90 $12.30 Albuquerque 40 $12.59 Moriarty 20 $9.49 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Deming 115 $11.20 Dexter 66 $11.20 Clayton 35 $11.20 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 24 Computer Systems Analysts 365 $66,603.24 Software Developers, Applications 214 $69,055.93 Computer Systems Analyst 161 $73,776.73 Physical Therapists 103 $68,691.13 Physicians And Surgeons, All Other 41 $285,451.50 $87,908.92 Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education 23 $41,277.61 Special Education Teachers, Kindergarten and Elementary School 18 $35,891.61 Internists, General 16 $207,971.25 Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education 16 $37,279.75 H-2A H-2B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Forest and Conservation Workers 90 $12.30 Onions 115 $11.20 Helpers--Carpenters 37 $12.59 Grains 90 $11.20 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 20 $9.49 Agricultural Equipment Operator 76 $11.20 Production Workers, All Other 14 $12.02 Livestock 23 $11.20 Nonfarm Animal Caretakers 14 $11.02 Hay and Straw 19 $11.20 84 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES New York State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 9222 8453 7368 8453 7.29% 7.29% $68,281.13 H-1B 54,580 49,790 107,017 99,932 8.59% 8.34% $84,419.90 H-2B 433 360 3,883 3,420 6.07% 2.87% $13.79 H-2A 372 362 5,700 5,522 3.63% 3.95% $11.74 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer New York 5,704 $118,234.64 New York 67,848 $88,903 Brooklyn 227 $82,378.53 Brooklyn 4,513 $74,951 Flushing 180 $52,538.08 Melville 2,515 $80,162 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Elmont 466 $12.09 Montauk 248 $11.93 Southampton 185 $14.08 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Peru 548 $11.74 Wolcott 532 $11.74 Elba 500 $11.74 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 2,011 $109,190.34 Computer Systems Analysts 16,316 $80,145.89 Computer Systems Analysts 690 $104,762.16 Software Developers, Applications 11,204 $99,801.41 Financial Analysts 505 $141,848.98 Accountants and Auditors 8,310 $93,109.35 Financial Managers 306 $192,322.79 Management Analysts 7,933 $66,540.85 Accountants and Auditors 302 $96,112.73 Financial Analysts 6,598 $101,499.11 H-2A H-2B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 1,197 $14.77 Nonfarm Animal Caretakers 604 $12.07 Waiters and Waitresses 300 $12.18 Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender 146 $9.75 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and 124 $11.52 Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Apples 2,900 $11.74 Squash 316 $11.74 Cabbage 305 $11.74 Berries 253 $11.74 Onions 220 $11.74 85 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION North Carolina State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 3379 2915 2663 2915 2.51% 2.51% $119,547.40 H-1B 18,657 17,130 35,567 32,820 2.96% 2.74% $78,870.96 H-2B 157 137 4,559 3,950 2.31% 3.31% $11.27 H-2A 283 269 20,258 19,786 2.70% 14.15% $10.72 Top Three Cities H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Charlotte 439 $99,220.17 Charlotte 13,898 $80,256 Cary 332 $96,097.47 Raleigh 3,564 $76,837 Rose Hill 303 $17,957.60 Cary 3,434 $76,075 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Raleigh 308 $12.52 Charlotte 307 $11.40 Asheville 270 $10.52 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Vass 12,155 $10.72 Dunn 705 $10.72 Faison 704 $10.72 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities H-1B PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 635 Computer Systems Analysts 8,232 $76,763.29 Software Developers, Applications 4,861 $85,471.07 Computer Programmers 3,143 $76,143.75 Computer Occupations, All Other 3,062 $68,141.02 Computer Systems Analyst 1,973 $75,399.85 $98,018.80 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 386 $18,805.84 Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 309 $16,829.34 Slaughterers and Meat Packers 235 $19,670.60 Computer Systems Analysts 195 $94,200.88 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 1,741 $11.86 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 610 $9.01 Forest and Conservation Workers 402 $11.54 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 230 $10.77 Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender 113 $10.34 Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Hay and Straw 6,713 $10.72 Sweet Potatoes 4,649 $10.72 Tobacco 1,626 $10.72 Berries 1,542 $10.72 Squash 1,387 $10.72 86 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES North Dakota State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 138 126 101 126 0.11% 0.11% $50,808.96 H-1B 536 463 851 735 0.08% 0.06% $94,896.84 H-2B 94 76 1,231 1,065 1.28% 0.89% $15.93 H-2A 448 417 1,461 1,372 4.19% 0.98% $13.80 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Fargo 56 $131,836.75 Fargo 307 $91,797 Grand Forks 15 $137,946.07 Bismarck 230 $129,609 Bismarck 14 $201,251.92 Grand Forks 42 $97,733 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Fargo 176 $13.95 Beulah 104 $22.45 Minot 94 $15.81 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Langdon 35 $13.80 Jamestown 34 $13.80 Oakes 32 $13.80 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Internists, General 16 Computer Systems Analysts 156 $76,237.18 Software Developers, Applications 97 $80,361.60 Software Developers, Systems Software 80 $71,930.70 Computer Programmers 73 $60,148.86 Medical And Clinical Laboratory Technologists 43 $51,284.58 $237,853.75 Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists 15 $48,276.87 Software Developers, Applications 13 $80,850.86 Physicians and Surgeons, All Other 12 $346,708.33 Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary 5 $77,244.60 H-2A H-2B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 283 $12.48 Construction Laborers 267 $15.89 Boilermakers 100 $35.15 Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers 84 $18.49 Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 48 $23.72 Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Agricultural Equipment Operator 482 $13.80 Bees 268 $13.80 Grains 242 $13.80 Corn 113 $13.80 Livestock 110 $13.80 87 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Northern Mariana Islands State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 16 10 33 10 0.01% 0.01% $91,274.38 H-1B 164 112 179 125 0.02% 0.01% $61,253.11 H-2B — — — — — — — H-2A — — — — — — — Top Three Cities H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Saipan 9 $48,705.29 Tinian 1 $69,742.00 — — — City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Saipan 120 $62,811 San Jose 3 $29,936 Tinian 2 $28,800 H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer — — — — — — — — — City Name Positions Certified AEWR — — — — — — — — — Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Accountants and Auditors 6 $37,474.77 Accountants And Auditors 25 $29,594.72 General and Operations Managers 2 $64,484.00 Civil Engineers 13 $35,053.94 Architectural and Engineering Managers 1 $84,531.00 Financial Managers 9 $62,321.96 Electrical Engineers 1 $69,742.00 General And Operations Managers 9 $92,930.13 — — — Computer And Information Systems Managers 7 $75,386.23 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 88 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Ohio State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 2101 1934 1718 1934 1.67% 1.67% $88,217.28 H-1B 16,231 15,061 35,445 32,444 2.60% 2.71% $76,368.94 H-2B 245 205 3,099 2,812 3.46% 2.36% $12.63 H-2A 71 64 1,411 1,297 0.64% 0.93% $12.07 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Columbus 333 $92,773.41 Columbus 6,574 $76,315 Dublin 221 $94,556.37 Cincinnati 5,098 $74,904 Fairfield 188 $19,044.39 Cleveland 3,673 $78,536 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Cincinnati 143 $12.20 Newbury 126 $12.90 Columbus 101 $12.16 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Avon 290 $12.07 Perry 211 $12.07 Fostoria 135 $12.07 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 645 $91,253.08 Computer Systems Analysts 10,015 $73,110.98 Computer Systems Analysts 188 $89,402.90 Software Developers, Applications 5,523 $79,277.64 Helpers–Production Workers 160 $17,345.70 Computer Programmers 3,173 $63,592.16 Internists, General 76 $205,627.11 Computer Occupations, All Other 2,883 $72,138.07 Mechanical Engineers 59 $80,791.42 Management Analysts 1,567 $79,347.15 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 2,094 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 319 $8.85 Construction Laborers 89 $18.08 Helpers–Roofers 45 $14.35 Nonfarm Animal Caretakers 44 $9.71 $12.65 Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Nursery and Greenhouse Workers 706 $12.07 Cucumbers 178 $12.07 Tomatoes 77 $12.07 Construction of Livestock Buildings 65 $12.07 Peppers 58 $12.07 89 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Oklahoma State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 331 295 251 295 0.25% 0.25% $92,593.21 H-1B 1,988 1,807 3,991 3,757 0.31% 0.31% $71,900.94 H-2B 117 102 1,944 1,534 1.72% 1.29% $12.15 H-2A 75 72 634 526 0.72% 0.38% $11.15 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Oklahoma City 93 $93,411.44 Tulsa 1,631 $72,466 Tulsa 74 $82,620.78 Oklahoma City 1,141 $78,136 Norman 38 $78,056.16 Ardmore 249 $61,348 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Tulsa 492 $12.52 Edmond 275 $12.50 Oklahoma City 235 $11.64 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Altus 60 $11.15 Guthrie 44 $11.15 Capron 44 $11.15 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 39 $81,844.18 Computer Systems Analysts 858 $72,160.32 Physicians and Surgeons, All Other 18 $211,992.22 Software Developers, Applications 459 $70,034.25 Computer Systems Analysts 13 $94,197.31 Computer Programmers 361 $63,590.90 Computer Occupations, All Other 344 $66,964.76 Accountants And Auditors 235 $53,613.35 Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists 10 $45,026.90 Mechanical Engineers 9 $88,390.22 H-2A H-2B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 1,154 $11.72 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 80 $8.30 Forest and Conservation Workers 55 $12.39 Construction Laborers 38 $14.20 Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators 30 $19.05 Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Agricultural Equipment Operator 208 $11.15 Grains 97 $11.15 Nursery and Greenhouse Workers 58 $11.15 Cotton 44 $11.15 Trees 42 $11.15 90 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Oregon State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 1359 1246 1047 1246 1.07% 1.07% $95,667.27 H-1B 4,585 4,211 10,566 9,371 0.73% 0.78% $81,716.54 H-2B 42 32 1,794 1,488 0.54% 1.25% $11.22 H-2A 47 43 950 759 0.43% 0.54% $12.69 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Hillsboro 869 $92,543.88 Hillsboro 3,439 $82,129 Portland 115 $85,077.09 Portland 2,670 $76,205 Beaverton 74 $98,163.93 Beaverton 1,872 $79,644 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Central Point 426 $9.37 Phoenix 272 $9.60 Medford 256 $10.25 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Medford 177 $12.69 Fairview 151 $12.69 Mosier 59 $12.69 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Systems Software 284 $95,069.05 Computer Systems Analysts 2,427 $78,929.85 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 270 $93,109.19 Computer Occupations, All Other 899 $74,164.91 Materials Engineers 213 $89,781.60 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 786 $91,620.07 Software Developers, Applications 94 $97,575.64 Software Developers, Systems Software 763 $92,375.88 Cooks, Restaurant 45 $25,508.85 Computer Programmers 704 $64,089.86 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Forest and Conservation Workers 1,174 $10.42 Pears 250 $12.69 Floral Designers 99 –  Berries 151 $12.69 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 80 $9.30 Cherries 59 $12.69 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 66 $14.39 Fruits and Vegetables 57 $12.69 Coaches and Scouts 50 Onions 45 $12.69 $19.00 91 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Pennsylvania State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 2831 2644 2059 2644 2.28% 2.28% $142,700.39 H-1B 23,186 21,562 80,023 75,685 3.72% 6.31% $78,043.07 H-2B 315 280 4,696 4,195 4.72% 3.52% $14.04 H-2A 84 82 927 892 0.82% 0.64% $11.66 Top Three Cities H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Philadelphia 314 $98,778.44 Philadelphia 41,267 $78,389 Pittsburgh 276 $102,610.48 Pittsburgh 7,125 $77,833 Moon Township 252 $96,684.35 Camp Hill 3,148 $75,751 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Pittsburgh 442 $13.12 Plymouth Meeting 190 $15.11 Farmington 165 $10.10 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Orefield 71 $11.66 Dillsburg 66 $11.66 Bedford 44 $11.66 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 994 $94,545.63 Computer Systems Analysts 31,346 $75,451.61 Computer Systems Analysts 240 $92,301.23 Software Developers, Applications 8,324 $82,447.73 Statisticians 87 $76,380.55 Software Developers, Systems Software 7,132 $85,399.39 Internists, General 77 $206,424.76 Management Analysts 3,971 $80,774.28 Computer and Information Systems Managers 76 $128,946.08 Computer Programmers 3,844 $65,891.76 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 3,081 $13.94 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 192 $8.70 Coaches and Scouts 110 $21.52 Helpers--Production Workers 102 $13.24 Construction Laborers 84 $19.41 Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Nursery and Greenhouse Workers 270 $11.66 Apples 139 $11.66 Construction of Livestock Buildings 90 $11.66 Poultry 71 $11.66 Trees 65 $11.66 92 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Puerto Rico State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 75 57 49 57 0.05% 0.05% $97,668.74 H-1B 184 153 889 460 0.03% 0.04% $66,421.58 H-2B 1 1 13 13 0.02% 0.01% $11.54 H-2A — — — — — — — Top Three Cities H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer San Juan 28 $67,096.18 San Juan 350 $66,761 Guaynabo 6 $67,810.50 Guaynabo 18 $79,497 Mayaguez 6 $60,860.67 Hato Rey 15 $66,200 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Arecibo 13 — — — — — — — City Name Positions Certified AEWR — — — — — — — — — Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities H-1B PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Cooks, Restaurant 7 $20,800.00 Computer Systems Analysts 223 $60,437.73 Software Developers, Applications 4 $77,425.00 Computer Occupations, All Other 37 $66,428.03 Architectural and Engineering Managers 4 $73,834.50 Computer Programmers 29 $55,540.00 Electrical Engineers 4 $69,047.00 Electrical Engineers 28 $73,540.50 Computer Systems Analysts 4 $63,205.25 Financial Analysts 18 $86,085.25 H-2A H-2B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers 163 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 93 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Rhode Island State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 192 181 140 181 0.16% 0.16% $45,806.17 H-1B 2,445 2,285 3,841 3,449 0.39% 0.29% $83,273.32 H-2B 35 32 577 534 0.54% 0.45% $12.29 H-2A 4 4 4 4 0.04% 0.00% $11.74 Top Three Cities H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Woonsocket 39 $111,554.58 Woonsocket 928 $83,650 Smithfield 33 $94,417.97 Providence 704 $93,881 Providence 27 $113,838.29 Cranston 535 $79,107 H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified AEWR Greenville 2 $11.74 $11.50 North Scituate 1 $11.74 $9.60 Johnston 1 $11.74 City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Block Island 141 Johnston 85 Watch Hill 78 $11.58 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 60 $95,320.98 Computer Systems Analysts 899 $75,018.58 Computer Systems Analysts 23 $88,309.66 Software Developers, Applications 482 $86,718.42 Computer and Information Systems Managers 14 $122,551.29 Computer Programmers 399 $66,524.31 Marketing Managers 10 $127,457.80 Computer Systems Analyst 355 $76,155.02 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers Computer Occupations, All Other 220 $81,428.92 7 $29,058.00 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Waiters and Waitresses 121 $10.72 Fruits and Vegetables 2 $11.74 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 101 $11.95 General Farmworker 1 $11.74 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 86 $9.60 Apples 1 $11.74 Cooks, Restaurant 79 $12.58 — — — Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 64 $14.21 — — — 94 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES South Carolina State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 1203 838 649 838 0.72% 0.72% $66,844.61 H-1B 2,908 2,580 6,932 6,017 0.45% 0.50% $74,277.56 H-2B 130 113 3,983 3,498 1.90% 2.93% $10.88 H-2A 81 78 4,211 3,896 0.78% 2.79% $10.59 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Greenville 298 $25,864.07 Columbia 1,975 $70,268 Anderson 169 $21,276.90 Greenville 1,892 $72,461 Columbia 57 $79,625.16 Fort Mill 390 $79,010 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Myrtle Beach 514 $9.41 Hilton Head Island 331 $10.53 Mrytle Beach 300 $8.85 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Ridge Spring 840 $10.59 St. Helena 330 $10.59 Pelion 305 $10.59 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities H-1B PERMANENT LABOR Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 301 $18,308.15 Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 160 $16,841.50 Software Developers, Applications 39 $83,947.23 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse 29 $16,879.48 Industrial Engineers 22 $83,210.68 H-2B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Computer Systems Analysts 1,756 $71,065.65 Software Developers, Applications 768 $79,047.93 Computer Programmers 600 $65,154.87 Computer Occupations, All Other 522 $68,148.38 Management Analysts 415 $70,287.05 H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Forest and Conservation Workers 996 $12.81 Peaches 1,154 $10.59 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 934 $9.32 General Farmworker 633 $10.59 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 825 $11.36 Melons 390 $10.59 Waiters and Waitresses 174 $10.01 Tomatoes 385 $10.59 Cooks, Restaurant 130 $11.17 Fruits and Vegetables 350 $10.59 95 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION South Dakota State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 66 61 60 61 0.05% 0.05% $83,458.92 H-1B 336 302 700 599 0.05% 0.05% $86,027.85 H-2B 115 101 1,590 1,414 1.70% 1.19% $11.75 H-2A 168 154 863 820 1.55% 0.59% $13.80 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Sioux Falls 26 $176,157.77 Sioux Falls 447 $93,871 Rapid City 6 $205,171.40 Pierre 34 $73,089 Brookings 5 $95,003.80 Brookings 33 $69,955 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Sioux Falls 346 $14.05 Custer 178 $9.35 Arlington 100 $14.29 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Elkton 65 $13.80 Huron 52 $13.80 Arlington 47 $13.80 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Physicians and Surgeons, All Other 14 $332,885.36 Computer Systems Analysts 244 $63,357.51 Internists, General 10 $203,537.80 Computer Programmers 44 $62,939.82 Software Developers, Applications 7 $58,625.57 Computer Occupations, All Other 41 $67,807.00 Physics Teachers, Postsecondary 4 $79,747.50 Physicians And Surgeons, All Other 30 $229,805.56 Farmworkers, Farm, Ranch, and Aquacultural Animals 4 $25,709.00 Management Analyst 30 $60,000.00 H-2A H-2B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Construction Laborers 400 $13.24 Agricultural Equipment Operator 256 $13.80 Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers 307 $15.08 Construction of Livestock Buildings 164 $13.80 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 192 $9.21 Grains 120 $13.80 Bees 98 $13.80 Livestock 66 $13.80 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 131 $11.76 Food Preparation Workers 65 $9.21 96 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Tennessee State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 741 656 642 656 0.57% 0.57% $84,308.88 H-1B 5,590 5,092 12,827 11,417 0.88% 0.95% $76,017.34 H-2B 88 67 1,972 1,752 1.13% 1.47% $13.49 H-2A 361 356 3,285 3,224 3.57% 2.31% $10.85 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Memphis 186 $91,458.28 Nashville 3,348 $73,843 Nashville 99 $90,380.95 Memphis 2,282 $74,838 Morristown 56 $17,254.32 Collierville 1,590 $72,288 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Morristown 379 $10.51 Memphis 302 $13.80 Clarksville 261 $27.60 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Evensville 493 $10.85 Adams 276 $10.85 Cedar Hill 185 $10.85 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 177 Computer Systems Analysts 4,241 $72,539.49 Software Developers, Applications 1,215 $81,363.92 Computer Programmers 1,025 $65,550.55 Computer Occupations, All Other 866 $68,536.45 Computer Systems Analyst 697 $72,203.70 $91,702.44 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 56 $17,254.32 Computer Systems Analysts 45 $86,987.29 Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 27 $18,720.00 Industrial Engineers 22 $78,950.27 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 964 Tree Trimmers and Pruners 154 $15.32 Electricians 100 $19.36 Pipelayers 80 $14.89 Construction Laborers 68 $12.97 $11.79 Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Tobacco 1,309 $10.85 Tomatoes 357 $10.85 Hay and Straw 305 $10.85 Nursery and Greenhouse Workers 300 $10.85 Cucumbers 195 $10.85 97 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Texas State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 16673 15593 12998 15593 13.45% 13.45% $88,022.47 H-1B 67,603 61,624 128,645 120,479 10.63% 10.05% $76,075.10 H-2B 905 732 23,554 18,002 12.34% 15.10% $12.96 H-2A 474 427 3,331 3,116 4.29% 2.23% $11.15 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer College Station 4,268 $76,372.97 Houston 30,719 $78,159 Plano 2,178 $90,182.37 Dallas 18,452 $74,086 Houston 2,160 $95,886.25 Austin 17,393 $80,867 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Austin 1,791 $12.20 Houston 1,243 $12.48 San Antonio 1,239 $12.46 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Dalhart 381 $11.15 Coyanosa 214 $11.15 Plantersville 117 $11.15 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 6706 $194,590.56 Computer Systems Analysts 27,775 $72,829.33 Computer Systems Analysts 2441 $79,234.47 Software Developers, Applications 17,314 $80,881.86 Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food 430 $16,832.99 Computer Programmers 13,281 $63,306.60 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 398 $98,826.18 Computer Occupations, All Other 9,221 $77,802.03 Computer and Information Systems Managers Software Developers, Systems Software 7,707 $93,994.29 382 $127,447.37 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 8,232 $11.81 Construction Laborers 1,617 $13.15 Fishers and Related Fishing Workers 1,084 $18.27 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 979 $8.48 Helpers--Production Workers 836 $11.15 Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Agricultural Equipment Operator 558 $11.15 Livestock 326 $11.15 Melons 270 $11.15 Corn 264 $11.15 Grains 244 $11.15 98 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Utah State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 438 380 353 380 0.33% 0.33% $91,048.18 H-1B 2,761 2,500 6,369 5,826 0.43% 0.49% $75,089.98 H-2B 122 98 2,124 1,788 1.65% 1.50% $12.80 H-2A 166 156 971 934 1.57% 0.67% $11.27 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Salt Lake City 174 $92,139.41 Salt Lake City 3,706 $74,583 Lehi 48 $96,839.56 Lehi 839 $83,836 South Jordan 24 $94,521.71 Pleasant Grove 247 $74,605 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Park City 223 $11.20 Salt Lake City 178 $13.07 West Jordan 146 $13.49 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Salem 117 $11.27 Payson 70 $11.27 Santaquin 65 $11.27 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 124 $94,482.96 Software Developers, Applications 958 $84,478.33 Computer Systems Analysts 19 $87,455.53 Computer Systems Analysts 787 $73,322.28 Computer and Information Systems Managers 13 $129,367.69 Computer Systems Analyst 499 $72,626.88 Marketing Managers 13 $120,270.08 Computer Occupations, All Other 488 $68,391.57 Software Developers, Systems Software 12 $102,540.17 Financial Analysts 453 $63,051.79 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Utah 1,461 $12.07 Livestock 375 $11.27 Nursery and Greenhouse Workers 155 $11.27 General Farmworker 102 $11.27 Cherries 88 $11.27 Hay and Straw 38 $11.27 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 1,166 $10.95 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 94 $10.90 Packers and Packagers, Hand 84 $9.20 Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender 59 $14.39 99 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Vermont State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 103 96 60 96 0.08% 0.08% $61,809.50 H-1B 356 315 872 831 0.05% 0.07% $80,996.28 H-2B 55 48 984 881 0.81% 0.74% $12.51 H-2A 78 77 523 520 0.77% 0.37% $11.74 Top Three Cities H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer South Burlington 57 $89,289.29 Montpelier 357 $74,640 Burlington 16 $80,998.31 Burlington 144 $78,809 Colchester 3 $83,061.33 South Burlington 111 $79,369 H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Stratton 263 $12.44 Stowe 214 $11.86 Ludlow 81 $11.46 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Shoreham 116 $11.74 Cornwall 66 $11.74 Bennington 63 $11.74 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 46 46 Computer Systems Analysts 225 $70,901.92 Computer Systems Analysts 8 8 Computer Systems Analyst 177 $75,693.91 Physicians and Surgeons, All Other 5 5 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 135 $81,425.33 Network and Computer Systems Administrators* 5 5 Software Developers, Applications 88 $82,920.31 Database Administrators 3 3 Computer Occupations, All Other 15 $72,695.39 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 285 285 Apples 257 $11.74 Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria 126 126 Berries 110 $11.74 Waiters and Waitresses 102 102 Fruits and Vegetables 48 $11.74 Dishwashers 68 68 General Farmworker 44 $11.74 Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and 65 65 Poultry 38 $11.74 100 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Virginia State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 4243 3771 3054 3771 3.25% 3.25% $93,199.88 H-1B 18,710 17,067 37,631 34,546 2.95% 2.88% $77,826.62 H-2B 213 188 4,560 4,124 3.17% 3.46% $12.28 H-2A 98 93 3,494 3,432 0.93% 2.45% $10.72 Top Three Cities H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Herndon 440 440 Mclean 7,102 $81,791 Fairfax 306 306 Richmond 5,635 $75,509 Reston 284 284 Herndon 2,902 $78,097 H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Springfield 289 $12.55 Sterling 280 $13.12 Norfolk 220 $11.82 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Dry Fork 1,275 $10.72 Painter 200 $10.72 Cape Charles 200 $10.72 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 1475 $103,807.36 Computer Systems Analysts 9,392 $74,089.49 Computer Systems Analysts 372 $100,141.22 Software Developers, Applications 5,989 $87,140.89 Butchers and Meat Cutters 234 $22,984.74 Computer Programmers 4,487 $66,369.12 Electrical Engineers 96 $105,552.29 Accountants And Auditors 2,463 $63,583.23 Software Developers, Systems Software 79 $103,774.55 Computer Occupations, All Other 2,083 $83,827.24 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 2,237 Hay and Straw 831 $10.72 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Tobacco 777 $10.72 327 Tomatoes 500 $10.72 Apples 493 $10.72 Nursery and Greenhouse Workers 250 $10.72 $12.44 $10.03 Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, 297 $11.64 Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational 220 $9.69 Packers and Packagers, Hand 182 $10.43 101 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Virgin Islands State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 7 4 4 4 0.00% 0.00% $88,292.51 H-1B 60 52 66 52 0.01% 0.00% $60,972.42 H-2B — — — — — — — H-2A — — — — — — — Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer St. Thomas 4 $61,809.50 St. Thomas 32 $58,504 — — — Christiansted 6 $69,090 — — — Alexandria 2 $61,090 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer — — — — — — — — — City Name Positions Certified AEWR — — — — — — — — — Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Marketing Managers 1 $111,238.00 General and Operations Managers 1 $48,000.00 Accountants and Auditors 1 $48,000.00 Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists* 1 $40,000.00 — — — H-2B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Special Education Teachers, Secondary School 5 $46,003.80 Special Education Teachers, Middle School 5 $45,440.00 Secondary School Teachers, Except Special And 3 $42,512.00 Physics Teachers, Postsecondary 3 $55,490.33 Elementary School Teachers, Except Special 3 $41,738.67 H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 102 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Washington State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 6709 6473 4344 6473 5.58% 5.58% $112,271.52 H-1B 22,415 20,597 44,434 41,902 3.55% 3.50% $97,658.94 H-2B 46 32 1,271 1,044 0.54% 0.88% $13.92 H-2A 158 148 14,022 13,689 1.49% 9.79% $12.69 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Redmond 3,268 $119,029.04 Seattle 14,610 $100,483 Seattle 2,186 $105,038.05 Redmond 13,336 $104,589 Bellevue 491 $110,001.96 Bellevue 6,457 $91,448 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Yakima 265 $8.89 Chehalis 235 $11.18 Belfair 85 $12.96 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Brewster 2,179 $12.69 Prosser 1,990 $12.69 Othello 960 $12.69 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 4,211 $115,485.77 Software Developers, Applications 14,400 $117,644.45 Software Developers, Systems Software 399 $110,881.46 Computer Systems Analysts 7,076 $85,120.43 Computer Systems Analysts 328 $112,981.11 Computer Occupations, All Other 4,817 $70,850.28 Marketing Managers 165 $122,240.86 Software Developers, Systems Software 2,085 $107,315.62 Computer and Information Systems Managers 162 $134,656.94 Computer Programmers 1,377 $85,061.02 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Forest and Conservation Workers 376 $11.16 Apples 3,522 $12.69 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 265 $8.89 General Farmworker 2,408 $12.69 Floral Designers 115 $12.96 Cherries 2,334 $12.69 Construction Laborers 97 $18.19 Trees 1,887 $12.69 Fruits and Vegetables 770 $12.69 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 78 $14.73 103 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION West Virginia State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 101 94 69 94 0.08% 0.08% $139,656.10 H-1B 617 499 1,417 1,045 0.09% 0.09% $108,817.72 H-2B 12 12 205 181 0.20% 0.15% $10.51 H-2A 10 8 152 116 0.08% 0.08% $10.85 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Morgantown 34 $114,958.38 Morgantown 479 $98,874 Huntington 17 $191,691.76 Charleston 260 $83,831 Charleston 10 $179,106.88 Huntington 54 $147,158 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Snowshoe 52 $9.07 Ona 35 $10.40 Bridgeport 30 $10.35 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Martinsburg 63 $10.85 Gerrardstown 20 $10.85 Inwood 20 $10.85 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Physicians and Surgeons, All Other 24 $273,612.38 Computer Systems Analysts 436 $70,435.48 Internists, General 15 $219,258.25 Computer Programmers 94 $63,155.26 Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary 5 $75,600.00 Software Developers, Applications 72 $78,540.09 Software Developers, Applications 4 $95,500.00 Physicians And Surgeons, All Other 51 $251,137.44 Business Teachers, Postsecondary 3 $76,500.67 Medical And Clinical Laboratory Technologists 31 $43,694.00 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 101 Apples 53 $10.85 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 38 $9.07 Watercress 30 $10.85 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 29 $9.94 Fruits and Vegetables 24 $10.85 Team Assemblers 7 $9.24 Nursery and Greenhouse Workers 9 $10.85 Roofers 6 $13.68 — — — $10.61 104 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES Wisconsin State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 1376 1194 1147 1194 1.03% 1.03% $77,681.37 H-1B 7,003 6,415 17,814 15,253 1.11% 1.27% $77,938.71 H-2B 38 25 770 606 0.42% 0.51% $12.25 H-2A 35 35 853 853 0.35% 0.61% $12.02 Top Three Cities PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Abbotsford 322 $25,240.00 Milwaukee 4,416 $77,443 Milwaukee 178 $92,478.97 Madison 2,712 $74,446 Verona 178 $90,019.38 Menomonee Falls 894 $74,542 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Spooner 120 $12.07 North Freedom 45 $8.38 Union Grove 44 $8.82 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Wisconsin Dells 167 $12.02 Middleton 94 $12.02 Wausau 74 $12.02 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Software Developers, Applications 365 $90,040.80 Computer Systems Analysts 5,575 $74,137.33 Packers and Packagers, Hand 322 $25,240.00 Software Developers, Applications 2,593 $78,468.14 Software Developers, Systems Software 70 $81,519.77 Computer Occupations, All Other 1,261 $68,242.39 Computer Systems Analysts 49 $91,830.65 Computer Programmers 1,105 $64,543.69 Computer and Information Systems Managers 37 $122,240.68 Computer Systems Analyst 770 $75,004.67 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Amusement and Recreation Attendants 119 $8.49 Corn 247 $12.02 Forest and Conservation Workers 116 $12.07 General Farmworker 101 $12.02 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 45 $9.99 Construction of Livestock Buildings 97 $12.02 Nursery and Greenhouse Workers 94 $12.02 Grains 94 $12.02 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 43 $12.76 Construction Laborers 40 $18.15 105 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Wyoming State Summary VISA CATEGORY TOTAL APPLICATIONS PROCESSED TOTAL APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL POSITIONS REQUESTED TOTAL POSITIONS CERTIFIED % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED APPLICATIONS % OF TOTAL CERTIFIED POSITIONS AVERAGE WAGE OFFER/ AEWR PERM 28 27 18 27 0.02% 0.02% $124,041.61 H-1B 118 97 209 183 0.02% 0.02% $103,938.56 H-2B 50 42 452 391 0.71% 0.33% $12.38 H-2A 96 88 344 328 0.88% 0.23% $11.75 Top Three Cities H-1B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) PERMANENT LABOR (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Cheyenne 9 $215,004.44 Cheyenne 53 $117,472 Jackson 6 $17,638.40 Green River 49 $84,827 Laramie 5 $68,812.80 Laramie 31 $61,663 H-2B (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) H-2A (BY POSITIONS CERTIFIED ) City Name Positions Certified Average Wage Offer Jackson 165 $12.46 Cody 77 $9.77 Teton Village 46 $12.65 City Name Positions Certified AEWR Savery 50 $11.75 Rock Springs 43 $11.75 Evanston 24 $11.75 Top Five Occupations/Agricultural Commodities PERMANENT LABOR H-1B Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 6 $17,638.40 Software Developers, Applications 33 $84,014.00 Internists, General 5 $243,000.00 Management Analysts 27 $62,242.20 Physicians and Surgeons, All Other 4 $209,109.00 Computer Systems Analysts 23 $76,217.60 Pharmacists 2 $112,070.00 Software Developers, Systems Software 15 $88,000.00 Surgeons 1 $190,000.00 Physicians And Surgeons, All Other 10 $286,007.30 H-2B H-2A Occupation Positions Average Certified Wage Offer Occupation Positions AEWR Certified Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 176 $10.37 Livestock 312 $11.75 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 137 $14.61 Corn 6 $11.75 Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Tomatoes 4 $11.75 20 $9.01 Agricultural Equipment Operator 2 $11.75 Construction of Livestock Buildings 2 $11.75 Construction Laborers 15 $16.62 Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers 14 $10.57 106 • APPENDIX A: STATE EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION PROFILES APPENDIX Agricultural Certification Statistics Top 10 Crops — Positions Certified by Month Certification Begins Hay & Straw Berries 15,335 total H-2A positions certified 5000 3600 4500 4000 3200 3500 2800 3000 2400 2500 2000 Total H-2A Positions Certified Total H-2A Positions Certified 9,269 total H-2A positions certified 4000 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov 1600 1200 800 400 No Data 0 Jan Dec Feb Mar April May June July Aug Apples 3200 2800 2800 2400 2400 2000 2000 Total H-2A Positions Certified Total H-2A Positions Certified 3600 3200 1200 800 400 0 Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Nov Dec 9,269 total H-2A positions certified 4000 3600 1600 Oct Tobacco 9,764 total H-2A positions certified 4000 Sept 1600 1200 800 400 No Data 0 Jan Feb Mar April May June 108 • APPENDIX B: AGRICULTURAL CERTIFICATION STATISTICS July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec General Farmworkers Melons 8,717 total H-2A positions certified 4000 3600 3600 3200 3200 2800 2800 2400 2400 2000 2000 Total H-2A Positions Certified Total H-2A Positions Certified 8,513 total H-2A positions certified 4000 1600 1200 800 400 0 Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov 1600 1200 800 400 0 Jan Dec Feb Mar April May June July Sweet Potatoes Nov Dec 3600 3200 3200 2800 2800 2400 2400 2000 2000 Total H-2A Positions Certified Total H-2A Positions Certified Oct 7,060 total H-2A positions certified 4000 3600 1600 1200 800 400 0 Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept No Data No Data Oct Nov 1600 1200 800 400 No Data 0 Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June July Nursery & Greenhouse Workers Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Corn 6,008 total H-2A positions certified 4000 5,893 total H-2A positions certified 4000 3600 3600 3200 3200 2800 2800 2400 2400 2000 2000 Total H-2A Positions Certified Total H-2A Positions Certified Sept No Data Lettuce 7,426 total H-2A positions certified 4000 Aug No Data 1600 1200 800 400 0 Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 1600 1200 800 400 No Data 0 Jan Feb Mar April May 109 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Average Duration of the Top 10 H-2A Positions Certified In FY 2016, the average period certified for positions in each of the top 10 H-2A positions certified was between 3 and 8 months. Apples and melons ranked as the two crops with the shortest average certification period, with average certification periods of 3 to 5 months. Positions involving berries, and other fruits and vegetables followed, with average certification periods of 5 months to 6 months. Corn, general farmworkers, and haw and straw, reflecting roughly 7 to 7.3 month certification periods, represented the next longest average certification period. Employers with nursery and greenhouse certifications represented the group receiving the longest average certification period in FY 2016, with an average period of nearly 8 months. 250 200 150 Average days 100 50 0 Berries Hay & Straw Apples Tobacco General Melons Farmworkers Sweet Potatoes Lettuce 110 • APPENDIX B: AGRICULTURAL CERTIFICATION STATISTICS Nursery & Greenhouse Workers Corn Commodities with the Longest Certification Periods Overall The Department issues a labor certification, when appropriate, after reviewing an employer’s fact-specific request for temporary agricultural workers under the H-2A program. In all cases, the nature of the employer’s own need for temporary agricultural or services determines the certification period for the specific need for temporary agricultural workers may or may not be representative of other employers with the same crop or agricultural commodity. In FY 2016, the longest certification period was granted to employers engaged in livestock based on demonstrated need for temporary agricultural workers for a period of a little over 10 months. The remaining employers with the longest average certifications all demonstrated a need for between 8.7 and a little over 10 months. Those employers are engaged in growing lemons and olives as well as raising several species: reptiles, insects, horses, and exotic game animals. 300 250 200 150 Average days 100 50 0 Livestock Oysters Dairy Horses Exotic Reptiles Game Animals Olives 111 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Grass Fish Lemons Commodities with the Shortest Certification Periods Overall For some crops and agricultural commodities, as well as workers in support of the production of such crops and commodities, employers seek temporary labor or services for a short, concentrated period of time. In FY 2016, each of the 10 crops and agricultural commodities, and support activities, with the longest certification periods represented temporary agricultural labor and services occurring for less than 5 months. Apricots and cooks represent the shortest certification periods, using agricultural workers for just shy of 2 months and 2.5 months, respectively. Among the remaining crops or agricultural commodities with the shortest certification periods in FY 2016, farmers growing pine straw, melons and brussel sprouts sought temporary workers between 2.7 and 3.3 months. While farmers growing onions, garlic, celery, apples, and eggplants, sought temporary workers for approximately 4 to 4.6 months. 150 125 100 75 Average days 50 25 0 Apricots Cooks Pinestraw Melons Brussel Sprouts Onions Garlic Celery 112 • APPENDIX B: AGRICULTURAL CERTIFICATION STATISTICS Apples Eggplants APPENDIX Top Five Employment-Based Permanent Immigration Country Profiles India Top Five Classes of Admission in PERM SUMMARY INFORMATION DATA Total Applications Processed 49,863 Total Applications Certified 45,670 Percent Working on H-1B Visa 65.53% Percent Bachelors or Higher 62.64% Average Age at Certification 33 Percent of Nat’l Total Certified Applications 57.86% Top 10 Employers in PERM VISA POSITIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE OFFERED SALARY H-1B 57,853 $103,317.93 L-1 3,276 $109,214.79 F-1 1,722 $91,207.36 — 1,281 $88,618.00 Not in USA 361 $91,248.01 Top 10 Occupations in PERM EMPLOYER NAME APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER OCCUPATION APPLICATIONS AVERAGE CERTIFIED WAGE OFFER Cognizant Technology Solutions U.S. Corporation 4,211 $76,224.26 Software Developers, Applications 32,725 $100,261.49 Microsoft Corporation 1,441 $12,1690.04 Computer Systems Analysts 9,106 $93,712.89 Intel Corporation 1,381 $93,291.09 Infosys, Ltd. 1,103 $86,651.06 Software Developers, Systems 5,164 Software $114,212.46 Amazon Corporate LLC 867 $100,543.58 Computer and Information Systems Managers 2,196 $134,968.29 WIPRO Limited 801 $97,886.95 Cisco Systems Inc. 694 $117,408.60 Electronics Engineers, Except Computers 2,132 $103,191.04 HCL America Inc. 643 $102,095.83 1,435 $93,576.09 Deloitte Consulting LLP 589 $104,794.94 Network and Computer Systems Administrators Igate Technologies, Inc. 587 $82,431.33 Database Administrators 1,027 $93,293.71 Mechanical Engineers 832 $86,901.53 Computer Occupations, All Other 678 $104,047.64 Electrical Engineers 583 $93,324.13 PERCENTAGE ON H-1B VISA PERCENTAGE WITH A BA/BS OR HIGHER ECONOMIC SECTOR Top 10 U.S. States in PERM STATE APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL ON H-1B VISA TOTAL HOLDING A AVERAGE BA/BS OR HIGHER WAGE OFFER CA 13,944 12,320 13,717 $106,122.97 88.35% 98.37% IT TX 11,067 9,606 10,669 $95,701.34 86.80% 96.40% IT NJ 7,517 6,778 7,367 $99,791.80 90.17% 98.00% IT WA 3,221 2,341 3,148 $106,802.69 72.68% 97.73% IT NY 3,139 2,916 2,976 $104,711.37 92.90% 94.81% IT IL 2,918 2,732 2,825 $102,371.95 93.63% 96.81% IT MI 2,535 2,369 2,469 $103,844.80 93.45% 97.40% IT MA 2,509 2,303 2,429 $101,400.43 91.79% 96.81% IT VA 2,122 1,972 2,062 $102090.33 92.93% 97.17% IT GA 2,003 1,867 1,955 $103731.32 93.21% 97.60% IT 114 • APPENDIX C: TOP FIVE EMPLOYMENT-BASED PERMANENT IMMIGRATION COUNTRY PROFILES China Top Five Classes of Admission in PERM SUMMARY INFORMATION DATA Total Applications Processed 7,230 Total Applications Certified 6,411 Percent Working on H-1B Visa 7.69% Percent Bachelors or Higher 7.93% Average Age at Certification 40 Percent of Nat’l Total Certified Applications 8.12% Top 10 Employers in PERM VISA POSITIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE OFFERED SALARY H-1B 7,142 $100,648.51 L-1 794 $115,672.89 — 656 $34,141.21 Not in USA 624 $2,3969.69 F-1 623 $94,565.54 Top 10 Occupations in PERM EMPLOYER NAME APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER OCCUPATION APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER Microsoft Corporation 643 $118,021.13 Software Developers, Applications Google Inc. 630 $109,781.86 3,071 $109,153.75 Facebook Inc. 279 $122,143.65 Software Developers, Systems Software 1,041 $119,157.32 Amazon Corporate LLC 235 $96,842.83 House of Raeford Farms, Inc. 188 $18,335.50 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 560 $103,935.87 Oracle America Inc. 177 $113,930.63 Statisticians 523 $93,685.55 Defender Services Inc. 136 $16,812.49 Accountants and Auditors 407 $76,556.87 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 350 $18,928.25 Financial Analysts 288 $109,455.97 Computer Systems Analysts 237 $92,836.87 Cooks, Restaurant 230 $26,222.11 Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 165 $61,312.32 Yahoo! Inc. 127 $118,396.14 Intel Corporation 118 $96,594.86 LinkedIn Corporation 117 $132,132.99 Top 10 U.S. States in PERM STATE APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL ON H-1B VISA TOTAL HOLDING A AVERAGE BA/BS OR HIGHER WAGE OFFER PERCENTAGE ON H-1B VISA PERCENTAGE WITH A BA/BS OR HIGHER ECONOMIC SECTOR CA 3,662 2,967 3,591 $102,869.00 81.02% 98.06% IT WA 1,032 611 1,020 $106,205.33 59.21% 98.84% IT NY 903 805 865 $97,493.77 89.15% 95.79% Finance TX 598 391 465 $79,213.49 65.38% 77.76% Hospitality MA 400 315 353 $92,975.88 78.75% 88.25% IT NC 321 86 93 $40,563.65 26.79% 28.97% Agribusiness IL 289 252 272 $94,245.66 87.20% 94.12% Finance NJ 229 209 227 $96,541.20 91.27% 99.13% IT SC 216 12 14 $22,264.59 5.56% 6.48% Agribusiness VA 214 150 190 $88,293.49 70.09% 88.79% IT 115 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION South Korea Top Five Classes of Admission in PERM SUMMARY INFORMATION DATA VISA POSITIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE OFFERED SALARY Total Applications Processed 6,250 — 2,406 $28,179.35 Total Applications Certified 4,895 H-1B 1,681 $83,059.91 Percent Working on H-1B Visa 3.31% F-1 1,546 $44,281.66 Percent Bachelors or Higher 3.91% Not in USA 1,237 $23,965.77 Average Age at Certification 40 E-2 631 $53,980.21 Percent of Nat’l Total Certified Applications 6.20% Top 10 Employers in PERM Top 10 Occupations in PERM EMPLOYER NAME APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER OCCUPATION APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER House of Raeford Farms, Inc. 300 $18,099.25 Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers Abbyland Foods, Inc. 272 $25,240.00 833 $19,852.28 George’s Chicken, LLC 199 $22,949.33 Butchers and Meat Cutters 471 $21,549.31 Koch Foods of Cincinnati LLC 183 $17,739.79 Helpers — Production Workers 337 $17,100.88 Norman W Fries Inc. D/b/a Claxton Poultry Farms 177 $17,394.41 300 $16,838.21 $19,452.21 Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food Case Farms Processing Inc. 173 George’s Processing, Inc. 155 $22,194.72 Packers and Packagers, Hand 277 $25,240.00 Defender Services, Inc. 144 $16,826.75 Accountants and Auditors 270 $65,764.80 Wayne Farms LLC 121 $20,152.28 Koch Foods of Cumming, LLC 108 $20,036.46 Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 245 $16,818.21 Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 221 $50,620.79 Chefs and Head Cooks 215 $46,003.04 Software Developers, Applications 192 $99,752.24 Top 10 U.S. States in PERM STATE APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL ON H-1B VISA TOTAL HOLDING A AVERAGE BA/BS OR HIGHER WAGE OFFER PERCENTAGE ON H-1B VISA PERCENTAGE WITH A BA/BS OR HIGHER ECONOMIC SECTOR CA 2,050 451 1,264 $73,015.02 22.00% 61.66% Other Economic Sector GA 926 75 369 $34,900.22 8.10% 39.85% Agribusiness NY 672 309 442 $66,798.34 45.98% 65.77% Other Economic Sector TX 652 73 148 $41,188.04 11.20% 22.70% Hospitality NC 642 18 42 $24,521.51 2.80% 6.54% Agribusiness VA 452 35 69 $34,496.56 7.74% 15.27% Agribusiness NJ 352 123 177 $72,649.62 34.94% 50.28% Other Economic Sector WI 288 7 6 $46,560.91 2.43% 2.08% Advanced Mfg AL 278 70 166 $67,136.12 25.18% 59.71% Automotive OH 246 24 124 $33,163.92 9.76% 50.41% Agribusiness 116 • APPENDIX C: TOP FIVE EMPLOYMENT-BASED PERMANENT IMMIGRATION COUNTRY PROFILES Canada Top Five Classes of Admission in PERM SUMMARY INFORMATION DATA Total Applications Processed 3,302 Total Applications Certified 2,962 Percent Working on H-1B Visa 2.24% Percent Bachelors or Higher 3.49% Average Age at Certification 40 Percent of Nat’l Total Certified Applications 3.75% POSITIONS CERTIFIED VISA AVERAGE OFFERED SALARY H-1B 2,372 $126,176.11 TN 1,112 $112,905.12 L-1 238 $117,330.35 — 107 $80,582.15 E-2 51 $80,169.77 Top 10 Occupations in PERM Top 10 Employers in PERM EMPLOYER NAME APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER OCCUPATION APPLICATIONS AVERAGE CERTIFIED WAGE OFFER Microsoft Corporation 327 $119,797.71 783 $116,087.44 Google Inc. 137 $126,169.10 Software Developers, Applications Amazon Corporate LLC 124 $100,619.31 Software Developers, Systems Software 258 $127,996.29 Apple Inc. 74 $147,905.11 Facebook Inc. 44 $149,769.43 Computer and Information Systems Managers 153 $154,769.59 Intel Corporation 39 $109,365.21 Computer Systems Analysts 149 $107,250.81 Electronics Engineers, Except Computers 130 $118,968.68 Marketing Managers 114 $146,000.41 Architectural and Engineering Managers 96 $142,698.73 Financial Managers 83 $173,000.64 Mechanical Engineers 79 $96,110.63 Management Analysts 73 $126,041.84 Nvidia Corporation 24 $131,622.35 Salesforce.com 23 $140,371.25 A2Z Development Center, Inc. 22 $114,149.23 Cisco Systems Inc. 21 $128,218.82 Top 10 U.S. States in PERM STATE APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL ON H-1B VISA TOTAL HOLDING A AVERAGE BA/BS OR HIGHER WAGE OFFER PERCENTAGE ON H-1B VISA PERCENTAGE WITH A BA/BS OR HIGHER ECONOMIC SECTOR CA 1121 715 988 $105,747.05 63.78% 88.14% IT WA 568 224 524 $108,030.83 39.44% 92.25% IT NY 448 314 373 $105,208.69 70.09% 83.26% Finance TX 295 145 207 $95,191.57 49.15% 70.17% Advanced Mfg MI 140 77 113 $98,884.95 55.00% 80.71% Automotive FL 128 70 90 $95,471.11 54.69% 70.31% Other Economic Sector IL 125 90 96 $105,810.12 72.00% 76.80% Other Economic Sector MA 119 77 101 $101,732.18 64.71% 84.87% IT NJ 82 46 68 $101,135.29 56.10% 82.93% IT PA 79 55 61 $107,504.39 69.62% 77.22% Advanced Mfg 117 • OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION Mexico Top Five Classes of Admission in PERM SUMMARY INFORMATION DATA Total Applications Processed 1,982 Total Applications Certified 1,509 Percent Working on H-1B Visa 1.74% Percent Bachelors or Higher 174% Average Age at Certification 40 Percent of Nat’l Total Certified Applications 1.91% Top 10 Employers in PERM VISA POSITIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE OFFERED SALARY H-1B 878 $98,524.61 TN 420 $91,070.72 — 279 $42,661.25 L-1 191 $93,173.44 EWI 165 $37,479.92 Top 10 Occupations in PERM EMPLOYER NAME APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER OCCUPATION APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED AVERAGE WAGE OFFER Microsoft Corporation 62 $113,078.71 Amazon Corporate LLC 38 $96,847.08 Software Developers, Applications 241 $102,291.28 Dallas Independent School District Industrial Engineers 98 $84,127.96 24 $50,135.83 Computer Systems Analysts 77 $92.975.00 Intel Corporation 20 $102,844.90 Cooks, Restaurant 73 $27,385.22 67 $48,192.52 Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation 14 $80,201.93 Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education Google Inc. 13 $115,376.31 Electrical Engineers 62 $95,217.37 Continental Automotice Systems, Inc. 12 $95,188.42 Mechanical Engineers 55 $84,909.11 Mosaicist, Inc. 11 $29,890.00 Electronics Engineers, Except Computers 54 $93,900.91 Brodie Contractors, Inc. 11 $19,427.20 Svam International Inc. 10 $85,882.50 Architectural and Engineering Managers 49 $119,947.46 Software Developers, Systems Software 49 $100,289.71 Top 10 U.S. States in PERM STATE APPLICATIONS CERTIFIED TOTAL ON H-1B VISA TOTAL HOLDING A AVERAGE BA/BS OR HIGHER WAGE OFFER PERCENTAGE ON H-1B VISA PERCENTAGE WITH A BA/BS OR HIGHER ECONOMIC SECTOR CA 530 272 398 $77,084.25 51.32% 75.09% Advanced Mfg TX 351 143 240 $73,707.82 40.74% 68.38% Advanced Mfg NY 168 59 86 $66,136.56 35.12% 51.19% Other Economic Sector MD 109 46 107 $105,165.84 42.20% 98.17% IT FL 106 45 79 $85,116.11 42.45% 74.53% Other Economic Sector NM 94 38 91 $97,139.39 40.43% 96.81% Automotive IL 57 11 23 $55,390.59 19.30% 40.35% Advanced Mfg AZ 53 25 40 $89,813.93 47.17% 75.47% Advanced Mfg NJ 51 12 25 $61,037.91 23.53% 49.02% Construction VA 50 18 29 $76,760.59 36.00% 58.00% Advanced Mfg 118 • APPENDIX C: TOP FIVE EMPLOYMENT-BASED PERMANENT IMMIGRATION COUNTRY PROFILES 119 I OFFICE OF FOREIGN LABOR CERTIFICATION