Town of South Windsor Municipal, Residential and Business Energy Plan. July 2019 NorCap South Solar Facility South Windsor 1540 Sullivan Ave South Windsor, CT 06074 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Purpose of Energy Plan ................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1. Clean Energy Community Commitment .......................................................................................................7 2.2. South Windsor Energy Committee ...............................................................................................................7 2.3. Sustainable CT ..............................................................................................................................................8 2.4. Adoption and Updates of Plan .....................................................................................................................8 3. 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. 3.5. 4. Municipal Energy Plan .................................................................................................................................... 9 Municipal Energy Tracking and Management .............................................................................................9 3.1.1. Baseline Energy Use ............................................................................................................................9 3.1.2. Recent Energy Use .............................................................................................................................10 3.1.3. Overview of Energy Use Actions – Past and Future ..........................................................................11 3.1.4. Renewable Energy Sourcing ..............................................................................................................13 3.1.5. Reporting Future Energy Use and Sourcing .......................................................................................14 Municipal Energy Goals ..............................................................................................................................15 3.2.1. Previously Adopted Goals..................................................................................................................15 3.2.2. Municipal Energy Use Goals ..............................................................................................................15 3.2.3. Municipal Renewable Energy Goals ..................................................................................................17 Energy Management ..................................................................................................................................19 3.3.1. Energy Monitoring .............................................................................................................................19 3.3.2. Peak Demand Reduction Goals and Actions .....................................................................................19 Grants and Other Incentives.......................................................................................................................19 3.4.1. Federal Renewable Energy Tax Incentives ........................................................................................19 3.4.2. State Energy Incentives .....................................................................................................................20 3.4.3. Energy Savings Performance Contracts .............................................................................................20 3.4.4. Other Grants and Incentives .............................................................................................................21 Fleet Vehicle and Equipment Management ...............................................................................................21 Residential and Business Energy Plan ........................................................................................................... 22 4.1. Residential and Business Energy Tracking ..................................................................................................22 4.2. Residential and Business Renewable Energy Tracking ...............................................................................23 4.2.1. Solar Photovoltaic .............................................................................................................................23 4.2.2. Air Source and Ground Source Heat Pumps ......................................................................................24 4.2.3. Biofuel ...............................................................................................................................................24 2 4.3. Residential and Business Energy Goals ......................................................................................................24 4.4. Residential Energy Programs .....................................................................................................................25 4.5. 4.6. 4.7. 4.4.1. Energize CT ........................................................................................................................................25 4.4.2. Solarize CT .........................................................................................................................................25 4.4.3. Low- and Moderate-Income Energy Assistance ................................................................................26 4.4.4. Solar for All ........................................................................................................................................26 4.4.5. Residential Energy Education ............................................................................................................26 Business Energy Programs .........................................................................................................................26 4.5.1. Commercial Property Assessed Clean Energy (C-PACE) ....................................................................26 4.5.2. Small Business Energy Advantage and New Construction Program ..................................................27 4.5.3. OEEB Business Visits ..........................................................................................................................27 4.5.4. Business Energy Education ................................................................................................................27 Energy Supportive Zoning and Ordinances ................................................................................................27 4.6.1. Current Zoning Regulations ...............................................................................................................27 4.6.2. Potential Changes to Zoning Regulations and Ordinances ................................................................28 Grants and Other Incentives.......................................................................................................................29 Actions Taken and Contemplated ............................................................................................... 30 Clean Energy Communities Pledge .............................................................................................. 35 Connecticut Renewable Portfolio Standard ................................................................................ 37 Energy Conversion Factors .......................................................................................................... 39 Source-Site Ratios for Various Energy Types ............................................................................... 41 Useful Websites .......................................................................................................................... 42 3 1. Executive Summary This South Windsor Municipal, Residential and Business Energy Plan outlines the energy goals that the Town will seek for the period ending calendar 2023. During that year, the Town’s Plan of Conservation and Development and this plan are required to be updated. In its June 2, 2014 resolution committing to support the Energize South Windsor Initiative, the Town Council pledged “to reduce [the Town’s] municipal building energy consumption 20% by the year 2018 and voluntarily purchase 20% of its municipal building electricity from clean, renewable energy sources by the year 2018” with FY 2010 as the baseline year. (For technical reasons the baseline year has been changed to calendar 2010.) Both of these goals have been met: • Between the baseline year and calendar 2018, building energy use intensity decreased from 70.43 kBtu/ft2 to 51.88 kBtu/ft2, a 26% reduction. (One kBtu is 1000 British thermal units or the equivalent of 3,412 kilowatt-hours of electric energy.) • In calendar 2018, the NorCap South solar installation from which the town obtains virtual net metering credits produced 28% of the Town’s electricity consumption. Considering that the Town’ generation supplier obtains 24% of the remaining electricity from renewable sources, approximately 44% of the Town’s electric energy comes from renewable sources. In addition, the Town has realized energy savings in areas other than buildings. • By authorizing the conversion of cobra-head streetlights to LED, the Town has reduced streetlight consumption by 35%. The associated Council resolution specified that LED streetlight cost savings be reinvested in energy savings. • While sewer system energy consumption increased by 9% since 2012 (first year after the sewer plant upgrade), influent increased by 30%. Hence, the sewer system’s energy intensity (kBtu/kgal) decreased by 16%. • Overall, the Town reduced its energy consumption by 17%. The Town has sponsored two Energize CT programs and two Solarize CT programs for residents in addition to promoting programs such as C-PACE and Small Business Energy Advantage programs for businesses and non-profits. As a result of these programs as well as a general appreciation of the savings to be had by smart energy choices, • Since 2010, commercial, industrial and residential electricity consumption, per customer, decreased by12%, 6% and 13%, respectively. On the other hand, per-customer use of natural gas increased substantially in the commercial and industrial sector and remained relatively flat in the residential sector. These trends require further study to understand. • Approximately 400 residential solar PV (photo-voltaic) installations are either complete or in progress, based on building permits. • Thirteen commercial and industrial solar PV installations are complete or in progress. 4 As satisfying as these achievements are, this plan establishes new goals shown in Table 1. The new goals are broken down by categories and, as appropriate, accepted by the departments that manage the respective facilities: Table 1: 2023 Energy Goals 2010 Baseline 2018 2023 Goal Reduce municipal building energy use intensity (kBtu/ft2) 53.40 48.75 -8.7% 44 -18% Public Works Reduce school building energy use intensity (kBtu/ft2) 74.65 50.61 -32.2% *** 45 -37% BOE Facilities Reduce fire station energy use intensity (kBtu/ft2) 85.11 89.58 +5.3% 85 -0% Fire Department Reduce sewer system energy use intensity (Baseline is 2012) (kBtu/kgal influent) 15.95 13.34 -16.3% 12 -25% Water Pollution Control 1010 900 -10% Water Pollution Control 3.17 -34.8% 2.53 * -48% Police Department Public Works and BOE Facilities Department Annual Goal Reduce sewer system influent relative to 2018 by reducing storm and ground water inflow and infiltration (Mgal) Reduce streetlight energy use (GBtu) Increase renewable electricity sourcing (% of electricity use) 4.87 20% 46% 81% ** 232.4 205.0 -12% 200 -15% Reduce industrial electricity use MBtu/customer 2709.8 2547.0 -6% 2300 -15% Reduce residential electricity use MBtu/customer 29.6 25.7 -13% 24 -20% 598.6 540 -10% Reduce commercial electricity use MBtu/customer Reduce commercial natural gas use relative to 2018 MBtu/customer 5 Department Energy Committee outreach Energy Committee outreach Annual Goal 2010 Baseline Reduce industrial natural gas use relative to 2018 MBtu/customer Reduce residential natural gas use relative to 2018 MBtu/customer 2018 2023 Goal 5719.7 5150 -10% 81.9 74 -10% Department * This goal requires cooperation of Eversource to convert decorative fixture streetlights to LED. ** This goal depends on the Town receiving cash-flow positive proposals for a Virtual Net Metering project and four school rooftop solar projects. *** The 2023 goal assumes all elementary schools, including Pleasant Valley which has not yet gone to referendum, match the EUI of the new Orchard Hill School. In addition, the Energy Committee will: ▪ Identify new energy saving projects to be funded by reinvesting the savings from previous energy projects. ▪ Report on progress to these goals in February for the preceding calendar year and September for the preceding fiscal year. ▪ Run a residential energy efficiency or renewable energy education program every calendar year. ▪ Give a business energy presentation to a local business organization every calendar year. ▪ Advise the Town Council and relevant boards and commissions on possible incentives for adopting renewable energy and exceeding building code requirements for energy efficiency and renewable energy in new construction by December 31, 2020. 6 2. Purpose of Energy Plan The purpose of the South Windsor Municipal, Residential and Business Energy Plan is to: • Establish goals and practices to manage municipal energy consumption with the aim of efficiency, economy, environmental responsibility, and resiliency and • Promote cooperative actions and broad-scale adoption of renewable energy and energy efficiency practices in the municipal, residential and business sectors. • Provide energy related resources – in some cases in the appendices. Appendix F lists websites with additional resources. The following major sections of the plan detail these objectives: • Section 3 provides the Municipal Energy Plan, which applies to municipal, education and fire department facilities. • Section 4 provides the Residential and Business Energy Plan which describes outreach efforts to these sectors as well as specific programs designed to assist residents and businesses in reducing energy consumption and adopting renewable energy technology. 2.1. Clean Energy Community Commitment The Clean Energy Communities program is an Energize Connecticut initiative that incentivizes Connecticut cities and towns to improve energy efficiency and promote the use of clean and renewable energy. Under the program, Connecticut cities and towns pledge to reduce municipal building energy consumption by 20% by 2018 and to voluntarily purchase 20% of municipal electrical needs from renewable sources by 2018. As seen below, these goals have been met and this plan establishes new goals. See Appendix B for South Windsor’s pledge to the program 2.2. South Windsor Energy Committee The Town Council established the South Windsor Energy Committee by resolution on May 19, 2014. The committee meets monthly and is an active group consisting of town staff, elected officials and residents. The Town Council further defined the role of the committee in a resolution dated January 5, 2015: The purpose of this committee shall be to • Investigate appropriate and cost-effective opportunities for implementing energy efficiency measures in all aspects of South Windsor’s public buildings, including operational changes and changes in maintenance or capital improvements. These recommendations shall be forwarded to the Town Council or appropriate municipal agency or official as designated by the Town Council. • Research and facilitate the use of clean, renewable energy within the Town of South Windsor. 7 • Educate South Windsor residents about clean energy options, energy efficiency, and energy conservation. • Identify appropriate Federal and State incentive and grant programs that provide opportunities for clean, renewable energy, energy efficiency or energy conservation. • Take advantage of unique opportunities and resources within South Windsor for providing clean, renewable energy to help fulfill local energy needs. Agendas and Minutes of Committee meetings may be accessed at: http://www.southwindsor.org/energy-committee 2.3. Sustainable CT South Windsor participates in the Sustainable CT program. This program encourages towns to “to be thriving, resilient, collaborative, and forward-looking. [Sustainable towns] build community and local economy. They equitably promote the health and well-being of current and future residents, and they respect the finite capacity of the natural environment,” as described on the program’s website: https://sustainablect.org/. Several action areas in the program relate to energy and this Energy Plan reflects the town’s energy-related efforts in these areas: • 1.6 Participate in and Promote the C-PACE Program • 6.1 Benchmark and Track Energy Use • 6.2 Reduce Energy Use Across All Municipal Buildings • 6.3 Achieve High Energy Performance for Individual Buildings • 6.4 Increase Use of Renewable Energy in Municipal Buildings • 6.5 Develop a Municipal Energy Plan • 6.6 Manage Municipal Fleets • 6.7 Install Efficient Street Lights • 6.8 Implement a Community Energy Campaign • 7.1 Hold a Sustainability Event • 8.3 Benchmark Energy and Water Use for Multifamily Housing • 9.1 Optimize for Equity 2.4. Adoption and Updates of Plan The South Windsor Municipal, Residential and Business Energy Plan was adopted by a Town Council Resolution on July 15, 2019. The Energy Plan will also be reviewed annually and can also be revised at any time by Town Council resolution. This plan will be submitted to the South Windsor Planning and Zoning Commission for incorporation, by reference, in the Plan of Conservation and Development. 8 3. Municipal Energy Plan This section of the plan covers municipal facilities including Town government, recreation, Board of Education, Fire Department and sewer system facilities. 3.1. Municipal Energy Tracking and Management 3.1.1. Baseline Energy Use South Windsor participated in the CT Clean Energy Communities Municipal Benchmarking Initiative beginning in 2015. As part of that initiative, all Eversource electric and gas accounts were entered into the US Department of Energy’s Energy Star Portfolio Manager. Consumption of #2 heating oil was manually entered into Portfolio Manager. In later years, the Energy Committee entered sewer plant influent data (gallons per day) to aid in assessing sewer system performance. This document uses calendar 2010 for the baseline year. However, in the case of the sewer system, the plan uses calendar 2012 as the baseline. Additional pollution control processes substantially increased the energy requirements of the sewer plant in 2010 and 2011 even though more efficient equipment was employed throughout the plant. Hence, use of 2012 more accurately reflects work by the Water Pollution Control Department to continuously improve plant efficiency in the intervening years. Table 2 summarizes the baseline energy use for various groups of municipal facilities: Note that Energy Use Intensity can only be calculated for buildings with a meaningful floor area, i.e. whose energy consumption is, with the possible exception of some outdoor lighting, entirely within the building envelope. Table 2: Baseline Energy Use Facilities Town Buildings School Buildings Fire Department Sewer System* Street & Traffic Lights Misc. Facilities** Totals Building Totals Total Area ft2 Electrical Use GBtu Natural Gas Use GBtu Fuel Oil Use GBtu Total Site Energy Use GBtu kBtu/ft2 210,097 684,601 47,382 0.776 Ggal* 6.46 14.30 1.06 10.46 11.19 2.97 - 4.75 25.62 1.92 11.22 51.10 4.03 12.38 53.40 74.65 85.11 15.95* - 4.87 - - 4.87 - 0.92 38.07 21.82 0.0310 14.19 14.16 32.29 30.37 0.95 84.55 66.35 942,080 EUI 70.43 One GBtu = one giga Btu = one billion Btu or one million kBtu. * Sewer system baseline year is calendar 2012. Sewer system energy use intensity (EUI) is kBtu/kgal influent. **Miscellaneous facilities include Ayers Road Tennis Courts, Major Donnelly Park, Rotary Baseball Field, Rotary Pavilion, Rye Street Ballfields and Veterans Memorial Park (VMP) – Pool and facilities. VMP is the major user in this group. 9 3.1.2. Recent Energy Use Table 3 shows the calendar 2018 energy use for various groups of Town facilities. Table 4 shows the changes. Note that the Town’s energy consumption has decreased by 16.8% relative to the baseline. For buildings, the Energy Use Intensity (EUI) has decreased by 26% relative to the baseline. Sewer system energy consumption is evaluated relative to the system demand, namely the influent flow. This is presented in Table 5. Relative to the influent, sewer system energy intensity has improved by 13.5%. However, it should be noted that this metric does not measure energy savings achieved by reducing influent. Influent can be reduced by reducing storm water inflow and groundwater infiltration throughout the collection system and by encouraging water use reduction by residents and businesses through behavior and equipment changes. The Division of Water Pollution Control conducts regular inspections that, among other things, identify sources of infiltration and inflow. Actions taken in each facility to achieve these results are listed in Appendix A. Table 3: 2018 Energy Use Facilities Town Buildings School Buildings Fire Department Sewer System* Street & Traffic Lights Misc. Facilities Totals Building Totals Total Area ft2 Electrical Use GBtu Natural Gas Use GBtu Fuel Oil Use GBtu Total Site Energy Use GBtu kBtu/ft2 214,222 756,330 43,257 1.0105 Ggal* 5.87 17.79 1.03 11.67 2.36 10.64 2.85 - 2.21 9.85 1.81 10.44 38.28 3.88 13.48 48.75 50.61*** 89.58 13.34* - 3.17 - 1.10 40.63 24.69 1,013,809 EUI 3.17 0.02 15.87 15.85 13.88 12.07 1.12 70.37 52.60 51.88 * Sewer system energy use intensity (EUI) is kBtu/kgal influent. *** Because of the ongoing elementary school construction projects and the changing occupancy of old and new schools, calculation of a 2018 EUI (kBtu/ft2) for the school buildings is confusing at best. Nonetheless, the indicated value was used for the schools in the Town’s overall building EUI. The 2023 goal discussed later in this document assumes all four elementary schools match the EUI of the new Orchard Hill School. 10 Table 4: Changes in Energy Use Facilities Electrical Use Change Natural Gas Use Change Fuel Oil Use Change Total Site Energy Use Change EUI Change Town Buildings School Buildings Fire Department Sewer System Street & Traffic Lights Misc. Facilities Totals Building Totals -9.2% +24.4% -2.9% +11.5% +2.36 GBtu -4.9% -4.3% -53.5% -61.5% -6.9% -25.1% -3.9% +8.9% -8.7% -32.2% +5.3% -16.3% -5.5% -34.8% 20.0% 6.7% 13.1% -34.8% -35.4% 11.8% 11.9% -57.0% -60.3% +18.2% -16.8% -20.7% -26.3% Table 5; Sewer System Energy Use Year Ending 2010 (before upgrade) Baseline (after upgrade) Recent Change vs. Baseline 3.1.3. Energy Total (GBtu) Influent (Ggal) Sewer System Energy Intensity (kBtu/kgal) 12/31/2010 .645 7.76 12.0 12/31/2012 12/31/2018 .776 1.011 30.1% 12.38 13.48 +8.9% 15.9 13.3 -16.3% Overview of Energy Use Actions – Past and Future The following actions have reduced the EUI, BTU usage and carbon footprint of Town facilities: • T8 Fluorescent Tubes: Office buildings have been converted from 1½ inch diameter T12 fluorescent tubes with magnetic ballasts to 1 inch T8 tubes. This technology is now obsolete. • LED Interior and Parking Lot Lighting: Interior lighting in existing buildings is being replaced by LED technology in various forms. The new schools have 100% LED lighting. Virtually all parking lot and exterior sports venues (except the baseball fields) have LED lighting. • LED Streetlights and Traffic Lights: With the Town’s authorization, Eversource has converted all cobra-head streetlights and all traffic lights to LED. Underground fed decorative fixture lighting has yet to be converted. The associated Council resolution specified that LED streetlight cost savings be reinvested in energy savings. • Advanced HVAC Controls: Modern HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) controls sense the need for ventilation by measuring carbon dioxide and 11 humidity. In addition, adding dampers to HVAC systems with relatively few zones can allow for room by room control where that was not possible before. In the new schools, it is possible to provide cooling, heating or simply ventilation in different rooms at the same time. o Demand CO2 controls may be especially useful in gymnasiums where the crowd size varies from no occupants to a gym class to a sports event with full bleachers. • Ductless Mini-Split Heat Pumps: Mounted on the roof, a ductless mini-split heat pump provides refrigerant to one or more rooms where heat and cooling can be controlled individually. • Ground Sourced (“Geothermal”) Heat Pumps: Geothermal heat pumps rely on the relatively constant temperature of the ground to draw heat in the winter and dump heat in the summer. They actually move as much as four times as much heat as the electricity they consume. However, the need to drill numerous wells to support a large building’s needs may make them cost-prohibitive. • VFD Motor Drives: Alternating Current motors used to turn at fixed rates linked to the 60 cycle AC frequency. The sewer system has numerous AC motor driven pumps, both in the sewer plant and in the collection system. Variable Frequency Drives adjust the frequency of the alternating current that reaches the motors. This allows motor speed to be adjusted based on demand. The laws of physics relate fluid friction to the square of velocity. Thus a pump that runs twice as long at half the speed should consume only half the overall energy as one pumping the same amount of liquid at full speed. Pump stations, in particular, used to wait for a tank to fill before turning on the pumps intermittently. With VFDs, the system not only uses less energy, but by keeping a constant, but low flow rate can minimize fat deposits on pipes and equipment. VFDs are applicable to: o Sewer Plant o Sewer collection system pump stations o School cafeteria kitchen exhaust blowers • Process sensors: Blowers forcing air into the Aeration Tanks to reduce Ammonia Nitrogen discharge consume a large fraction of the electricity used in the sewer plant. Aeration is currently controlled by Dissolved Oxygen Sensors. Direct measurement of the Ammonia/Nitrates will reduce energy consumption by causing the blowers to provide additional dissolved oxygen only when necessary. • Building Envelope: New buildings, subject to modern building codes, have significantly better insulation and other features that reduce heat transfer in or out depending on the season. With older buildings, roof, door or window replacements offer an opportunity for energy savings from building envelope improvements. A tapered roof design replacing a flat roof offers increased insulation and better control of drainage. • Building replacement or refurbishment: Replacing or completely refurbishing a building offers the opportunity to employ the latest technology and design a highly effective building envelope. The town is in the process of replacing four elementary 12 schools and completely refurbished an old post office to become the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) and Town Hall Annex. • Vending machine controls: Cooling of non-perishable items in vending machines can be discontinued when buildings are unoccupied. • Local hot water heaters: Replacing central hot water heating with local hot water, makes sense in restrooms that are the only hot water users in a school wing. This also works for school kitchens. • Window air conditioner controls: Window air conditioners are still present in buildings around town. Until they can be replaced with central or mini-split systems, controls are available to at least ensure they are used as effectively as possible. • Piping insulation: This is simple, but insulating hot water piping where it is accessible can provide savings. • Natural gas conversion: Coupled with new boilers, natural gas conversion decreases carbon releases, energy consumption and operating cost. • PC management: Ensuring that PCs and their monitors are set to shut down when not in use provides savings. This requires attention to settings and user education. Giving students their own laptops reduces the need for PC laboratories and the number of PCs in a school. Regular computer and server equipment upgrades provide savings as manufacturers adopt more energy efficient designs. 3.1.4. Renewable Energy Sourcing The Town currently obtains its renewable energy from two sources as summarized in Table 6: • The State of Connecticut requires generation suppliers to obtain a fraction of their electric energy from renewable sources. That fraction increases on an annual basis. (See Appendix C.) For both the municipality and the Board of Education, ENGIE Resources, LLC is the Town’s generation service. They did not report their renewable energy fraction, but the regional average was 23.7% in 2018. The region reports 27.1% from nuclear power which is also zero carbon. • In 2017, the Town contracted to receive energy credits from the NorCap South solar installation in East Windsor, Connecticut. This facility went into service in December, 2017 and supplied 3.36 GWh in the form of Virtual Net Metering (VNM) credits in 2018. 13 Figure 1: NorCap South Solar Facility Table 6: Renewable and Zero Carbon Energy Sourcing 2018 Electricity Use Percentage Percentage Renewable Nuclear Zero Carbon Production GWh GBtu NorCap South 3.36 11.47 100% 0% 3.36 ENGIE 8.41 28.71 23.7 27.1% 4.27 Town Total 11.78 40.18 46% 19.4% 7.64 3.1.5. GWh Reporting Future Energy Use and Sourcing On behalf of the Town, the Energy Committee will report energy use and sourcing statistics similar to what has been shown herein on a semi-annual basis, i.e. at the end of each calendar year and at the end of each fiscal year. They will report this information to the Town Council, Board of Education and Fire Department. 14 To produce the reports, the Town will enter and report out data in Portfolio Manager. • For electric and gas use, Eversource provides automatic updates. Occasionally this system introduces errors in Portfolio Manager such as missing or overlapping entries. In that case Eversource can provide information needed to make the necessary corrections. • The respective departments will provide #2 Fuel Oil delivery information based on actual purchases. • The Division of Water Pollution Control will provide sewer plant influent data. • If any onsite solar PV installations occur, the Energy Committee will download the behind the meter consumption of solar PV energy production for those sites. That is necessary because the “use”, as applied for both Portfolio Manager and Sustainable CT, includes all energy used on a site regardless of where it is generated. 3.2. Municipal Energy Goals 3.2.1. Previously Adopted Goals In its June 2, 2014 resolution committing to Support the Energize South Windsor Initiative, the Town Council pledged “to reduce [the Town’s] municipal building energy consumption 20% by the year 2018 and voluntarily purchase 20% of its municipal building electricity from clean, renewable energy sources by the year 2018” with FY 2010 as the baseline year. As it turned out, data for FY 2010 was not readily available, so the Town uses a baseline year of calendar 2010. For buildings, the Town measures progress toward the municipal building energy consumption goal in Energy Utilization Index (EUI) units of kBtu/ft2. For the renewable energy goal, the Town uses kBtu. Conversions from billing units of kWh, gallons and ccf (100s of cubic feet) can be found in Appendix D. For streetlights and facilities where a building area is not applicable, the Town uses kBtu. New or expanded facilities may require individual baseline years that differ from calendar 2010. 3.2.2. Municipal Energy Use Goals Respective managers have set targets for each category of facilities. For each facility, Appendix A lists actions contemplated to achieve these results. Table 7 shows the targets for municipal buildings. For the sewer system, Table 8 provides the Sewer Plant and Collection System EUI target (kBtu/kgal influent). Table 9 provides a separate influent reduction target because of the influent’s nearly proportional impact on system energy use. Table 10 addresses the remaining facilities. The energy savings related to streetlights require cooperation of Eversource to convert decorative fixture streetlights to LED. It must be recognized that several of these targets are stretch goals. In particular, they may depend on state or federal legislation and regulations, available grants, the ability to win renewable energy credits (RECs) and, in the case of streetlights, scheduling of work by Eversource. 15 Table 7: Five Year EUI Targets for Municipal Buildings Baseline EUI Facilities 2018 EUI 2 2023 Target EUI 2 2 kBtu/ft Responsible Department kBtu/ft kBtu/ft Town Buildings 53.40 48.75 -8.7% 44 -18% Public Works Department School Buildings 74.65 50.61 -32.2% 45 -37% Facilities Department Fire Department 85.11 89.58 +5.3% 85 -0% Fire Department Buildings Total 70.43 51.88 -26.3% 46.5 -34% Table 8: Five-year Energy Use Targets for the Sewer System Facilities Sewer Plant Collection System (Pump Stations) Sewer System 2010 Energy Intensity (kBtu/Kgal) 2012 Energy Intensity (kBtu/Kgal) (Baseline) 2018 Energy Intensity (kBtu/Kgal) 8.07 12.62 10.07 -20.2% 3.95 3.33 3.27 -1.7% 12.02 15.95 13.34 -16.3% 2023 Target Energy Intensity (kBtu/Kgal) Responsible Department Division of Water Pollution Control 12.0 -24.8% Table 9: Sewer System Influent Reduction Target Facilities 2010 Influent (Mgal) 2012 Influent (Mgal) (Baseline) 2018 Influent (Mgal) 2023 Target Influent (Mgal) Responsible Department Sewer System 645.9 776.4 1010.5 900 -10% vs. 2018 Division of Water Pollution Control 16 Table 10: Five-year Energy Use Targets for Other Facilities Facilities Street & Traffic Lights GBtu Misc. Facilities GBtu 3.2.3. Baseline Energy Use GBtu Recent Energy Use GBtu Target Energy Use GBtu Responsible Department 4.87 3.17 -34.8% 2.53 -48% Police Department 0.92 1.12 +18.2% None Public Works Department Municipal Renewable Energy Goals Appendix C is a copy of information provided by the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection. It defines the accepted forms of renewable energy for various purposes and classes I, II and III of renewable energy. Class I includes all the forms of renewable energy relevant to the Town. Of these, the following are viable for our geography: o solar power; o a fuel cell; o geothermal, a. k. a. ground source heat pumps o anaerobic digestion or other biogas derived from biological sources including landfills; o biofuel blended into heating oil and diesel fuel. Solar For renewable and carbon-free energy sourcing, it is possible to set goals based on several contemplated near-term projects: four rooftop solar projects and a second virtual net metering solar project. If these can be achieved, as shown in Table 11 approximately 80% of the Town’s electricity consumption will come from renewable sources by our five-year point, FY 2023. Fuel Cell The Town of South Windsor entered into an agreement with South Energy Investments, LLC (“SEI”) to develop and construct a 5MW fuel cell electric generation facility at 515 John Fitch Boulevard. The Town has transferred ownership of the facility to SEI while retaining an interest in the Power Purchase Agreement (“PPA”) with Eversource Energy and will receive revenue from the project over a 20-year period. Geothermal While the term geothermal can refer to using the temperature gradient caused by the hotter interior of the earth at locations there is a sufficient gradient near the surface, this is not available in Connecticut. Here, geothermal refers to taking advantage of the temperature difference between the relatively constant ground temperature and the seasonal and daily varying air temperature. Heat pumps connected to wells or subsurface piping can very efficiently transfer heat to the ground during air conditioning season and extract heat from the ground in the winter. 17 In fact, there is an element of energy storage when the heat pumps actually freeze the ground around their pipes in winter and thereby improve the efficiency of air conditioning in summer. For large facilities such as schools or offices, the drilling of wells and installation of necessary heat transfer piping can make the economics of geothermal unattractive. The town should evaluate the economics of using geothermal for new construction and when major HVAC equipment replacement is needed for existing buildings. Anaerobic Digester Biogas Food waste recycling by anaerobic digestion yields benefits in two main areas. First, the greenhouse gas emissions from organic decay, primarily methane, are captured and burned to produce electricity rather than being released directly into the atmosphere from landfills. When the biogas methane is converted to carbon dioxide, its greenhouse effect is substantially reduced. Second, the remaining solid wastes can be used to improve soil for farming. These facilities can also process sewer plant sludge. The Town continues to investigate the opportunity to recycle food waste from Town (school and community center) facilities in anaerobic digester facilities. The Town has been exploring the possibility of inducing a commercial company to build an anaerobic digestion facility in town. Table 11: Five-year Targets for Renewable and Carbon-Free Electricity Sourcing Project NorCap South VNM (Existing) Enfield VNM project (Contemplated) Rooftop solar on 3 new Elementary Schools and High School (Contemplated) Generation Service Renewable and Carbon Free (Calculated) Town Total Consumption (Calendar 2018) Total Town Renewable and Carbon Free Renewable and other Carbon Free Annual GWh Percentage of Town Consumption Responsible Department 3.36 28% Public Works to monitor 3.00 25%* Public Works Department 2.50 21%** BOE Facilities Department 0.75 6% (No action needed.) 11.9 9.55 81% * This goal depends on the Town receiving a cash-flow positive proposal for the Virtual Net Metering project. ** This goal depends on the Town receiving cash-flow positive proposals for the four school rooftop solar projects. 18 3.3. Energy Management 3.3.1. Energy Monitoring The Board of Education Facilities Department uses a centralized, district-wide system to monitor all spaces. In newer buildings, the schools have direct digital control (DDC). Older buildings have zone controls. The department can set occupied and unoccupied temperatures and control the hours. All buildings are alarmed for space temperature as well as boiler, freezer and refrigerator temperature. A contractor monitors the system at night. The Public Works Department also monitors energy related conditions in rooms and spaces throughout the town remotely. The Energy Committee prepares annual energy consumption reports which are distributed to the various organizations and the Town Council. 3.3.2. Peak Demand Reduction Goals and Actions Through 2017, the Town participated in a program wherein Eversource notified the Town when our air conditioning loads were likely to increase our peak demand. This can be very expensive, because electric bills throughout the year include a charge for the year’s momentary demand peak. When the Town was notified, the Division of Water Pollution Control activated the backup generator at the sewer plant which relies on oil rather than grid power. Because of our use of virtual net metering (VNM), peak demand notification is no longer available. 3.4. Grants and Other Incentives The NC Clean Energy Technology Center maintains a database of energy programs available in each state. The list, called DSIRE, includes financial incentives, regulatory policies and technical resources. For South Windsor, this list can be found at: https://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program?zipcode=06074. The town, its residents and its businesses benefit directly or indirectly from many of the listed incentives and policies. The following sections describe several key incentives. 3.4.1. Federal Renewable Energy Tax Incentives The federal Investment Tax Credit (ITC) was originally established by the Energy Policy Act of 2005 and was set to expire at the end of 2007. A series of extensions pushed the expiration date back to the end of 2016, but experts believed that an additional five-year extension would bring the solar industry to its full maturity. Thanks to the spending bill that Congress passed in late December 2015, the tax credit is now available to homeowners in some form through 2021. Here are the specifics: • 2016 – 2019: The tax credit remains at 30 percent of the cost of the system. 19 • 2020: Owners of new residential and commercial solar can deduct 26 percent of the cost of the system from their taxes. • 2021: Owners of new residential and commercial solar can deduct 22 percent of the cost of the system from their taxes. • 2022 onwards: Owners of new commercial solar energy systems can deduct 10 percent of the cost of the system from their taxes. There is no federal credit for residential solar energy systems. Additionally, in previous years, owners of new solar energy systems could not claim the tax credit unless their system was operational. Now, the legislation allows them to claim it as soon as the construction of the system is complete, as long as it is operational by December 31, 2023. 3.4.2. State Energy Incentives The Residential Solar Investment Program (RSIP) is a Connecticut Green Bank program that makes it easy and affordable for homeowners to make the leap to a solar-powered home. It offers two types of incentives: The Expected Performance-Based Buydown (EPBB) and the Performance-Based Incentive (PBI). Incentives are available until 300 MW is reached. Eligible properties include one- to four-family owner-occupied residential homes that offer a good location for a solar system and are in the Eversource or UI service territories. Mobile homes are not eligible. The Expected Performance-Based Buydown (EPBB) incentive provides the homeowner with an upfront cost reduction based on major design characteristics of the system, such as panel type, tilt, shading, and orientation. The incentive is paid directly to the contractor. The incentives vary from $0.40 to $0.463 per kW but may be reduced in circumstances where conditions limit the effectiveness of the panels. The Performance-Based Incentive (PBI) is designed to allow homeowners to benefit from solar PV systems for little to no upfront cost. Under this model, an Eligible Third-Party PV System Owner owns the system and enters into a contract with the homeowner. The PBI is paid to the System Owner based on actual performance over the course of 6 years, and is used to reduce the homeowner’s monthly cost. For qualifying installations, the incentive is $.035 per kWh and is available for systems up to 20 kilowatts. 3.4.3. Energy Savings Performance Contracts Energy Savings Performance Contracts (ESPCs) help facilities save money, make facilities more comfortable and provide all the benefits of green upgrades. The municipality agrees to implement a set of energy efficiency and renewable energy measures and those measures are guaranteed to save enough money to finance their full cost. Connecticut Green Bank assists the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP) in administering the program for Connecticut municipalities and state agencies. They offer pre-qualified contractors, significant technical support and standardized contract documents to help streamline the process. 20 3.4.4. Other Grants and Incentives The Energy Committee will work with staff to research available grants and advise town committees and departments of potential projects to reduce energy use in town buildings. 3.5. Fleet Vehicle and Equipment Management While the Town has not yet invested in alternative fuel vehicles or equipment, Fleet decisionmaking does consider the technology and its application when replacing and/or purchasing new vehicles and equipment. The town employs a number of other techniques to optimize fuel/energy resources: 1. Rightsizing of the Fleet to conserve fuel and to ensure the appropriate equipment for each job; 2. Use of GPS and route planning to minimize unnecessary trips; 3. Carpooling when appropriate; 4. Evaluating idling of vehicles and equipment; 5. Purchasing of fuel efficient vehicles where possible; 6. Timely replacement of vehicles and equipment to not extend beyond their useful life cycle and fuel efficiency; 7. Maintaining proper preventive maintenance schedules for all vehicles and equipment to ensure they are preforming at peak efficiencies; and 8. Encouraging employees to operate vehicles and equipment within the Manufacturers Guidelines for peak performance and fuel consumption. 21 4. Residential and Business Energy Plan 4.1. Residential and Business Energy Tracking The Energy Committee obtains annual electric and natural gas use by customer category from Eversource. Calendar 2010 is the baseline year. All categories have shown substantial reductions in electricity use, though the industrial category, in particular is sensitive to changes in the mix of industrial processes. Electricity use is summarized in Figure 2 and Table 12. Electrical Consumption per Customer Relative to 2010 105% 100% 95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 100% 98% 100% 95% 91% 94% 100% 97% 89% 89% 88% 87% 83% 83% 78% COMMERCIAL 2010 INDUSTRIAL 2013 2016 RESIDENTIAL 2017 2018 Figure 2: Residential and Business Relative Electrical Consumption Table 12: Residential and Business Electrical Consumption Sector Customers Commercial Mbtu/Customer vs. 2010 Customers Industrial Mbtu/Customer vs. 2010 2010 1,328 232.4 100% 64 2709.8 100% 2013 1,364 227.5 98% 60 2248.4 83% 2016 1,452 220.2 95% 59 2413.9 89% 2017 1,474 210.4 91% 67 2111.1 78% 2018 1,500 205.0 88% 65 2547.0 94% Customers Mbtu/Customer vs. 2010 10,691 29.6 100% 10,892 28.6 97% 11,221 26.4 89% 11,509 24.6 83% 11,818 25.7 87% Residential Conversely, the picture for natural gas use per customer shows large increases in the commercial and industrial sectors and fairly flat use in the residential sector. Figure 3 and Table 13 illustrate this result. Understanding these trends will require further investigation. 22 Natural Gas Consumption per Customer Relative to 2010 180% 160% 140% 120% 163%159% 156% 152% 132% 124% 114% 100% 138% 104% 100%102% 95% 96% 100% 100% 80% 60% COMMERCIAL 2010 INDUSTRIAL 2013 2016 RESIDENTIAL 2017 2018 Figure 3: Residential and Business Relative Natural Gas Consumption Table 13: Residential and Business Natural Gas Consumption Sector Customers Commercial Mbtu/Customer vs. 2010 Customers Industrial Mbtu/Customer vs. 2010 Customers Residential Mbtu/Customer vs. 2010 2010 561 393.0 100% 78 3669.5 100% 5,027 78.8 100% 2013 575 446.7 114% 79 5072.5 138% 5,156 80.5 102% 2016 631 487.5 124% 80 5980.2 163% 5,384 74.4 95% 2017 649 518.5 132% 86 5843.6 159% 5,729 75.3 96% 2018 675 598.6 152% 85 5719.7 156% 5,971 81.9 104% 4.2. Residential and Business Renewable Energy Tracking 4.2.1. Solar Photovoltaic There are two sources of data on solar photovoltaic (PV) installations in town, the Connecticut Green Bank and the Town’s Building Department. Each has its limitations. The Green Bank only lists installations sponsored through their programs, while the Building Department reports building permits but has limited data on which projects designated as “Active” have actually gone into service. Regardless, the Building Department data will be used because it is more complete. Table 14 shows the active or complete building permits for solar PV in South Windsor as of April 2019. Among the active permits, some are known to the Energy Committee to be complete. 23 Others may have been cancelled but not so reported to the Building Department. Many are undoubtedly in various stages of design, construction and activation. Table 14: Solar PV Building Permits Land Use COMMERCIAL LAND INDUSTRIAL LAND RESIDENTIAL CONDOMINIUM RESIDENTIAL LOT Totals 4.2.2. ACTIVE PROJECTS COMPLETE PROJECTS Totals 2 3 4 5 3 1 7 6 5 190 199 207 216 397 415 Air Source and Ground Source Heat Pumps The other renewable energy sources suitable for South Windsor are air source and ground source (geothermal) heat pumps. At present we have no data for these installations. 4.2.3. Biofuel In a life cycle analysis, Argonne National Laboratory found that use of B100 (a pure biodiesel not blended with petroleum fuels) reduces carbon dioxide emissions by 74% compared with petroleum diesel. Heating fuel is essentially the same as diesel, except it is exempt from certain taxes. Biofuel can be blended with petroleum heating fuel. 4.3. Residential and Business Energy Goals Energy efficiency and renewable energy actions among residents and businesses is largely the responsibility of the owners and occupants. The Energy Committee’s main goal is to keep residents and businesses informed on the latest available technology, incentives and financing options and to encourage adoption when appropriate. Table 15 lists numerical goals for both electricity and natural gas consumption in the commercial, industrial and residential sectors. The natural gas goals will first require understanding the trends shown in Table 13. 24 Table 15: Business and Residential Energy Use Goals Baseline 2018 2023 Goal 232.4 205.0 -12% 200 -15% Reduce industrial electricity use MBtu/customer 2709.8 2547.0 -6% 2300 -15% Reduce residential electricity use MBtu/customer 29.6 25.7 -13% 24 -20% Reduce commercial natural gas use MBtu/customer 598.6 540 -10% Reduce industrial natural gas use MBtu/customer 5719.7 5150 -10% Reduce residential natural gas use MBtu/customer 81.9 74 -10% Annual Goal Reduce commercial electricity use MBtu/customer Department Energy Committee Outreach Energy Committee Outreach 4.4. Residential Energy Programs 4.4.1. Energize CT Energize South Windsor program in 2014 and 2018 encouraged residents to take advantage of Home Energy Solutions assessments and services and receive substantial discounts and rebates on insulation, appliances and other energy related home improvements. The Energy Committee continues to find opportunities to promote the underlying Home Energy Solutions (HES) program. 4.4.2. Solarize CT Solarize South Windsor program in 2014-2015 provided homeowners the opportunity to receive quotes from multiple installers and benefit from favorable financing as well as state and federal incentives. In 2018, a second Solarize South Windsor program offered a pre-selected vendor with essentially the same benefits. Thanks to the results of the Town’s participation in Energize CT and Solarize CT, Energize CT awarded South Windsor two $10,000 Bright Ideas Grants and the Connecticut Green Bank awarded the Town four $4,500 Clean Energy Community awards. The Town used these for a lighting upgrade in the Town Garage. 25 4.4.3. Low- and Moderate-Income Energy Assistance The South Windsor Human Services Department assists residents with energy programs including Operation Fuel, the CEAP program (CT Energy Assistance Program) and our private Fuel Bank. Operation Fuel and CEAP are both programs that have an income and asset limit. Caseworkers in Human Services will assist with these applications. If someone does not qualify for either program, or if they have exhausted the benefits, private fuel funds may be available. Caseworkers will meet with staff in the office at the community center or in a person’s home if someone is not able to get out due to mobility issues. 4.4.4. Solar for All The Energy Committee is sponsoring tabling events and seminars to support the Solar for All program run in cooperation with the Connecticut Green Bank and Posigen. While open to all homeowners, the program targets low to moderate income (LMI) homeowners, including any who might have had difficulty obtaining financing during the original Solarize programs. 4.4.5. Residential Energy Education In an ongoing effort to educate South Windsor residents on energy programs the following activities are in place: • Monthly Energy Tip: An informative article is posted on the Energy Committee’s web page which is linked to the Town of South Windsor website. These monthly articles include a variety of topics including how to cut your personal carbon footprint to the benefits of solar energy to a host of links to government and state programs that residents can take advantage of. • Information Kiosks: Two information kiosks are located in the South Windsor Public Library and the South Windsor Recreation department providing information to residents on the Home Energy Solutions (HES) service sponsored through EnergizeCT. • Outreach: In conjunction with the Town of South Windsor Summer Farmer’s Market and Summer Concert series, the Energy Committee has hosted an educational booth promoting awareness and program information to area residents. 4.5. Business Energy Programs 4.5.1. Commercial Property Assessed Clean Energy (C-PACE) The Town Council endorsed the Town’s participation in the Commercial Property Assessed Clean Energy program (C-PACE) on June 2, 2014. This program allows businesses and nonprofit organizations to obtain favorable financing for a variety of renewable energy and energy efficiency improvements to their facilities. The finance charges are then collected with the Town’s tax bill. Information about C-PACE is available at http://www.cpace.com/About-Us. 26 4.5.2. Small Business Energy Advantage and New Construction Program Small Business Energy Advantage (SBEA) and New Construction program offerings provide businesses, developers, and other key community groups with access to financing, incentives and technical resources as they pertain to energy efficiency and conservation. The Energy Committee has provided information regarding these programs on the Town website and at meetings with business groups. 4.5.3. OEEB Business Visits In 2017, the Energy Committee partnered with the Office of Energy Efficient Businesses (OEEB) and the Connecticut Center for Advanced Technology Inc. (CCAT) to support a doorto-door visit to 120 businesses in Town offering energy audits and information on programs such as C-PACE and the Small Business Energy Advantage (SBEA) programs. In their visits, OEEB examined energy bills to determine whether a business could obtain a more favorable rate for natural gas and/or electric generation service, analyzed fuel switching opportunities, and identified financially attractive energy efficiency and renewable energy choices. Of the businesses visited, 44 received energy education and two received renewable energy evaluations. 4.5.4. Business Energy Education The Energy Committee seeks repeated opportunities to reach out to the business community. • Networking Breakfast: In cooperation with the South Windsor Chamber of Commerce, the Energy Committee sponsored a Monthly Networking Breakfast educating local businesses on Energize CT’s C-PACE program. The event was held on Friday, February 8, 2019 and 20 local business owners attended. A representative from the Connecticut Green Bank provided the overview. Informational packets were given to each attendee. • Monthly Energy Tip: An informative article is posted on the Energy Committee’s web page, which is linked, to the Town of South Website. The February 2019 article promoted Energize CT’s Small Business Energy Advantage audit available to the business community. • Business Outreach: In cooperation with the South Windsor Chamber of Commerce Annual Business Expo, the Energy Committee hosted an information booth in 2017 and plans to participate in 2019. 4.6. Energy Supportive Zoning and Ordinances 4.6.1. Current Zoning Regulations In consultation with the Energy Committee, the South Windsor Planning and Zoning Commission (PZC) adopted solar photovoltaic regulations for both small (e.g. rooftop and 27 ground mounted) solar and large (utility scale) solar installations in 2015. See Zoning Regulations Sections 7.20 Solar Energy Systems and 7.21 Large Scale Solar Energy Systems. Subsequently, Energy Committee members learned that suppliers of solar installations that track the sun found the 12-foot height limits in the 2015 regulations prevented use of this technology in many instances. The Energy Committee approached the PZC in 2017 with recommendations to amend the height limits to be consistent with other accessory structures. These were adopted in November 2017. 4.6.2. Potential Changes to Zoning Regulations and Ordinances Incentives: In addition, the Committee will report by December 31, 2020 to Town Officials (encompassing the Town Council, Board of Education, Economic Development Commission and Planning and Zoning Commission) regarding ways to incentivize the use of renewable energy and designs that exceed the energy efficiency requirements of then-current building codes. Electric Buildings: In recent years, the price of natural gas has decreased. Its lower carbon emissions have led to the view that it is a suitable interim energy source on the road to minimizing carbon pollution. However, it is by no means carbon free and, when production and transport emissions are considered, its environmental benefits are substantially reduced. Choosing an electric building design requires using electricity for heating, hot water and cooking, in addition to all the other uses. Until recently, there have been three problems with choosing an all-electric building design: • When electricity is produced from heat, i.e. from burning coal, oil, natural gas or nuclear fission, the laws of physics tell us that approximately 2/3 of the heat energy is lost. This waste heat is either dumped into the atmosphere or a nearby body of water. See Appendix E. • Electricity generation is not carbon free at the present time. Coal, oil and gas plants release carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses in the process of generating electricity. These sources still make up a substantial fraction of New England’s electricity generation. • All-electric buildings used resistance heating (similar to how an electric stove works but in the baseboards of every room), and because of this, they have required special rates and better building envelope insulation to make their use of electric heating costeffective. Electric buildings are becoming more and more desirable and economical as time goes on: • Ground-sourced (a.k.a. geothermal) and air-sourced heat pumps deliver heat and air conditioning, while using substantially less electricity than older systems. In fact they transfer to or from the interior 4.0 or 2.5 times as much heat energy, respectively, as the electric energy they consume. This offsets the wasted heat from fossil or nuclear generation. Furthermore, the capital cost of this technology has fallen to the point where it is an economical choice in many cases. • As more and more of the electricity taken off the grid comes from renewable or nuclear sources, the greenhouse gas emissions will go down in proportion. 28 • Modern building codes require insulation that exceeds what was required for older allelectric buildings. 4.7. Grants and Other Incentives The Energy Committee will advise and educate residents and businesses on existing incentives and rebates available to reduce energy use and participate in renewable energy. See also Section 3.4 for information on the DSIRE database and other programs that may be applicable to residential and business entities. 29 Actions Taken and Contemplated Facility Actions Municipal Facilities Town Hall Actions Taken: Chiller, 2010, Boiler Conversion, 2014, Council Chambers LED Lighting, 2015, Exterior LED Lighting, 2018, New Ductless Split Cooling Units for Server Rom, 2011, New LED lighting Second Floor Hallway, 2017, Building Automation Controls installed on Lower Level Meeting Rooms and Lunch Room, 2018, Building Automation Controls Installed on Council Chambers AHU, 2019, ADA Handrails in Stairwells , 2016 Contemplated Actions: Contemplated Actions- Upgrade Remainder of LED Lighting Throughout-ADA Upgrades-Elevator Replacement –Window Replacements-A/C Condensing Unit Replacement Lower Level-Variable Air Volume Dampers and VFDs for Main and Return Air handling Units Police Station Actions Taken: Cooler upgrade 2015, Thermostats 2015 Contemplated Actions: Elevator Replacement; Convert boiler to natural gas. Town Garage Actions Taken: Interior and Exterior LED Lighting 2018, New LED Parking Lot Poles and Fixtures, 2013 Contemplated Actions: Replace Wash Bay Boiler Emergency Operations Center/Town Annex Actions Taken: Old post office essentially rebuilt to modern energy standards. Contemplated Actions: None Library Actions Taken: Building Automation Upgrade, 2011, Boiler Replacement and Convert to NG, 2014, Convert Exterior Lot Lighting to LED, 2017, Convert 24 pendant LED fixtures to LED, 2016, New Cooling Tower, 2018, Modernize Elevator, 2019, New Roof, 2019 Contemplated Actions: New Roof, Install VAVs on all AHU’s, Interior LED Conversion T.R.A.C. Actions Taken: Contemplated Actions: Community House Actions Taken: Catalyst on boiler 2014 Contemplated Actions: 30 Community Center Actions Taken: Replace 15 Heat Pumps, Cooling Tower. Replace Boilers and Convert to NG. Convert Make up air unit to NG. Install new Building Automation System. Remove Underground Heating Oil Tank, 2019 Contemplated Actions: New Roof Veterans Memorial Park & Pool Actions Taken: Rotary Baseball Field Actions Taken: Contemplated Actions: Contemplated Actions: Rotary Pavilion Actions Taken: Contemplated Actions: Schools High School Actions Taken: High Efficiency Parking Lot Lighting, Occupancy Sensors, Refrigeration Controls (2015) Boiler Rm. "A' Burner Conversion to Natural Gas, M2G Boiler Controls, Partial Roof Replacement (2013-14) Contemplated Actions: Boiler Rm. "B" Burner Conversion to Natural Gas, Roof Replacement Section "C", Solar Middle School Actions Taken: High Efficiency Parking Lot Lighting, Lighting Occupancy Sensors, Refrigeration Controls, Burner Conversion to Natural Gas, M2G Boiler Controls Contemplated Actions: Solar Old Orchard Hill School Actions Taken: Classroom and gym occupancy sensors, M2G Boiler Controls, Roof Replacement (2013) Contemplated Actions: Building to go idle, Summer 2020. New Orchard Hill School Actions Taken: High Efficiency Building (New Fall 2017) Old P. R. Smith School Actions Taken: Classroom and gym occupancy sensors, M2G Boiler Controls 2010 Contemplated Actions: (Demolished 2019) Old Eli Terry School Actions Taken: Classroom and gym occupancy sensors Contemplated Actions: Demolition Fall 2020 31 Old Pleasant Valley School Actions Taken: Classroom and gym occupancy sensors, M2G Boiler Controls, Burner Conversion to Natural Gas, Roof Replacement (2014) Contemplated Actions: Pending referendum, Demolition Fall 2023 New Pleasant Valley School Contemplated Actions: Pending referendum, High Efficiency Building (New Fall 2023) Wapping School/ Parks and Recreation Actions Taken: Classroom and gym occupancy sensors, M2G Boiler Controls, Burner Conversion to Natural Gas, Window Replacement (2006) Contemplated Actions: Roof Replacement, Solar Street Lights and Traffic Lights Street Lights Actions Taken: LED conversion of Cobra Head lights 2017 Contemplated Actions: LED conversion of Decorative Fixtures Traffic Signals Actions Taken: LED conversion Contemplated Actions: Fire Department Fire House: Company 1 Actions Taken: Fire House: Company 2 Actions Taken: Fire House: New Company 3 Actions Taken: Fire House: Old Company 3 Actions Taken: Replaced by new fire house. Converted to TRACS Contemplated Actions: LED lighting. Occupancy lighting controls. Contemplated Actions: LED lighting. Occupancy lighting controls. Contemplated Actions: LED lighting. Occupancy lighting controls. Contemplated Actions: N/A Sewer System 32 Sewer Plant Actions Taken: (Upgrade) High Efficiency Pump and Blower Motors, VFDs on Aeration and Grit Blower Motors and Water Pumps, lighting, HVAC 2009-2012, Outside Lighting switched over to LED bulbs, Air Conditioning Program adjusted to Occupied/Unoccupied Settings, Running a thinner sludge on Gravity Belt Thickener for better TWAS pump motor efficiency, Contemplated Actions: Advanced UV and Aeration Controls, VFD upgrades, Replacing all Sodium Lighting in Bays and Galleries to LED, Adding Lab AC to Occupied/Unoccupied settings, Making adjustments to heating program, Adding an additional hot water heater and associated components to ADMIN Building. Currently we are undersized and as a result need to run at a higher temperature to keep up with demand. Avery Street Pump Station Actions Taken: Barrington Estates Pump Station Actions Taken: Benedict Drive Pump Station Actions Taken: Clark Street Pump Station Actions Taken: Ellington Road Pump Station Actions Taken: Pleasant Valley Pump Station Actions Taken: Contemplated Actions: Impeller or pump replacement for efficiency and ragging elimination. Heater controls. Smart pump controls. Sizing evaluation. Contemplated Actions: Impeller or pump replacement for efficiency and ragging elimination. Heater controls. Smart pump controls. Sizing evaluation. Contemplated Actions: Station is within 14% of its design capacity. Upgrade station and identify & resolve inflow/infiltration (I/I) sources. Replace pumps with higher capacity, efficiency and ragging elimination. Investigate/resolve trapped air. Contemplated Actions: Station is within 30% of its design capacity. Upgrade station and identify I/I sources to eliminate and regain capacity. Increase wetwell level to decrease total dynamic head (TDH). Impeller or pump replacement for efficiency and ragging elimination. Contemplated Actions: Impeller or pump replacement for efficiency and ragging elimination. Heater controls. Smart pump controls. Sizing evaluation. Contemplated Actions: VFDs, improved heating controls Impeller or pump replacement for efficiency and ragging elimination. 33 Quarry Brook Pump Station Actions Taken: Rye Street Pump Station Actions Taken: Scantic Meadow 1 Pump Station Actions Taken: Scantic Meadow 2 Pump Station Actions Taken: New higher efficiency HOMA Submersible Pump. Contemplated Actions: Impeller or pump replacement for efficiency and ragging elimination. Heater controls. Smart pump controls. Sizing evaluation. Contemplated Actions: Impeller or pump replacement for efficiency and ragging elimination. Heater controls. Smart pump controls. Sizing evaluation. Contemplated Actions: Impeller or pump replacement for efficiency and ragging elimination. Heater controls. Smart pump controls. Sizing evaluation. Contemplated Actions: Impeller or pump replacement for efficiency and ragging elimination. Heater controls. Smart pump controls. Sizing evaluation. Replace old KSB. 34 Appendix Clean Energy Communities Pledge Letter of Sommitment for the Monicipai Benoit- Mariring: ?iecfirnicei Assistance initiative The TownICity of Spa?{ii on?? hog has agreed to take part in the Municipai Bench Marking initiative, which is a comprehensive energy ef?ciency and evaiuation initiative, and seeks to document its commitment to promote energy efficiency programs and to coiiaborate with the Ciean Energy Communities program administrators, representatives of Eversource, and bench marking consultants (?Consuita nts?), as further set forth in this Letter of Commitment. WHEREAS, the TownfCity of ?ning; Egg-if recognizes that the State of Connecticut is a ieacier in energy efficiency prcigrarns and has agreed to lead by exem?pie itseif in implementi ng and promoting these programs; WHEREAS, the Town/City of 5c am {my ?mom? . has piedged to become a Ciean Energy Community, thereby committing to reduce its municipal building energy consumption 20% by the year'zola and volunta'riiy purchase 20% of its municipai building electricity from clean, renewabie' energy sources by the year 2018; I WHEREAS, the Town/City of igo ?g 5, ?gag agrees to establish a committee hereinafter referred "to as a ?Green Team?) which is the designated municipai entities representative to coordinate with the Consultants for the duration of the Municipal Bench Marking initiative. The Mu nicipai entities shouid consist of representatives from Office of the Executive Officiai, Department of Finance, Department of Facilities, Board of Education, and Energy Task Force or Committee; WHEREAS, the "Green Team? agrees to provide its support to the above-referenced initiative and Consuita by providing information such as: 9 identifying a baseline fiscai year to use for the municipai energy reduction requirement; a Coiiecting and requesting historical energy usage for ail municipal buiidings from utilities representatives or municipai departments (Electricity, Nature! Gas, Propane, Oii, Renews bie Energy Systems, Coagenerations, etc}; a Create/Update an ENERGY STAR Manager? municipai account to inciucie information on municipal buiidings with the exception of owned street lights accounts and regional schooi district facilities; Grant. ?Road Gnhf? access of Portfoiio Ma nager municipal account to Ciean Energy Communities program administrators for the use of monitoring energy reduction progress; a Grant ?Editing?access of Portfolio Manager municipai account to designated intern, assigned by the Clean Energy Communities program administrators, to assist with data entry of information and historicai energy usage; it Researching and documenting municipal building information such as square footage, hours of operations, type, number of staff and other facility information specific to each municipai buiiding; Attend Municipal Bench Marking initiative in-person training workshops (approximately 2?3 workshops} over the duration of the initiative; at Scheduie and attend Weekly or biweekiv Monicioai Bench Marking initiative progress tracking conference calis with Consultants and Ciean Energy Communities program administrators; a Assist Consuitant with monitoring municipal building energy usage and energy performance to identify inefficient buiidings to be considered for energy evai-uations and upgrades; 35 identify at least one Green Team representative who will attend an inaperson onsite energy audit and efficiency evaluation of an energy inef?cient municipal building; 3 Assist Consultants With creating a customized Municipal! Action Plan which is a document that describes the progress to date anal the subsequent steps which need to be completed in order for the community to meet the energy reduction goals ofthe Clean Energy Communities Program; - 6 Provide Consuitaot with information regarding desired energyI efficiency or renewable projects which the Municipality plans to pursue for the purpose of creating the Municipai Action Man 9 ideotify a representative in the community to update ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager account or quarterly to monitor municipal energy usage and track energy; I 9 Present ?ndings from the Municipal Bench Marking initiative, along with the Municioei Action Plan, to municipal execotive isoarci for adoption. (Ex. Board of Selectmen, City Couocil, Town Council); WHEREAS, the TownICity of ?ow Efr?g?mm endeavor to coordinate with Clear: Energy Communities program administrators schedule and green team assignments exceptions prior to the start date of the Municipal Beech Marking initiative. New, ?ii-i EREFGRE, BE i'i? RESGLVEQ thetthe TownfCity of em 33. 1i #931339 hereby makes its commitment to support the Municipal Bench marking initiative and work with ail the above?referenced parties to promote energy efficiency and conservation in the community )1:me {Name of Town/City Leader) Date (Deadline Riley 2015] Please complete: Assigned Representatives of Green Team: {Please type or print} Gal?s a a fvlle'w?ziem 13 {Veal {Lorelei Executive d?ice De ga?ment} I (Emeilfi?hone Executive Office Department} #54? gm?- tried" I ?k?gw ,r W5 ?gs-?55. veil/{23 owl-j can (Representative Committee! Task Force} Energy CommitteefTask Force) mi ?lm MWJQEQ orj (Representative (Email?hooe Facilities Department) forklift?: Li??ecrcm?l ton?i (Representative Board of Education) I [Email/Phone Board of Education) M?f- Waffle th? MM: (Representative Finance Department) (Email/Phoee Finance Departmeot) 36 Connecticut Renewable Portfolio Standard The Connecticut Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) is a state policy that requires electric providers to obtain a specified percentage or amount of the energy they generate or sell from renewable sources. This policy creates a financial incentive for development of renewable energy projects by ensuring a market and steady stream of revenue for renewable generators. Owners of electricity generation projects that qualify as renewable under one of the three classes of Connecticut’s RPS receive one renewable energy certificate (REC) for every megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity they produce. These RECs are tradable commodities that allow the environmental attribute of the renewable energy to be bought and sold separately from the energy commodity itself. A renewable generator can either contract to sell its energy — “bundled” with the accompanying attribute value directly to an electricity provider (usually at a premium above the wholesale electricity price), or it can “unbundle” the REC and the energy and sell them separately in regional wholesale markets. Separate portfolio standards are required for energy sources classified as "Class I," "Class II," or "Class III. Class I renewable energy source, as defined in §16-1(a)(20) of the General Statutes of Connecticut (Conn. Gen. Stat.), means (A) electricity derived from: • solar power; • wind power; • a fuel cell; • geothermal; • landfill methane gas, anaerobic digestion or other biogas derived from biological sources; • thermal electric direct energy conversion from a certified Class I renewable energy source; • ocean thermal power; • wave or tidal power; • low emission advanced renewable energy conversion technologies […] that use waste heat from an industrial or commercial process that does not generate electricity; • a run-of-the-river hydropower facility that [meets certain requirements] and, • a biomass facility that uses sustainable biomass fuel, [and meets certain requirements]. (B) any electrical generation, including distributed generation (DG), generated from a Class I renewable energy source, provided, on and after January 1, 2014, any megawatt hours that are claimed or counted toward compliance in another province or state, other than Connecticut, shall not be eligible. Class II renewable energy source, as defined in Conn. Gen. Stat §16-1(a)(21), means electricity derived from: • a trash-to-energy facility that has obtained a permit pursuant to section 22a-208a and section 22a-174-33 of the regulations of Connecticut state agencies. Class III source, as defined in Conn. Gen. Stat. §16-1(a)(38), means: 37 • the electricity output from combined heat and power systems with a minimum operating efficiency of 50% that are part of customer-side distributed resources developed at commercial and industrial facilities in Connecticut on or after January 1, 2006; • a waste heat recovery systems installed on or after April 1, 2007, that produces electrical or thermal energy by capturing preexisting waste heat or pressure from industrial or commercial processes; • the electricity savings from conservation and load management programs that started on or after January 1, 2006 (on and after January 1, 2014, programs supported by ratepayers are not eligible); and, • any demand-side management project awarded a contract pursuant to §16-243m (eligibility is based on the term of the contract). Required Annual Renewable Energy Percentages: Year Class I Class II or Class I (add'l) Class III Total 2018 17.0% 4.0% 4.0% 25.0% 2019 19.5% 4.0% 4.0% 27.5% 2020 21.0% 4.0% 4.0% 29.0% 2021 22.5% 4.0% 4.0% 30.5% 2022 24% 4.0% 4.0% 32% 2023 26% 4.0% 4.0% 34% 2024 28% 4.0% 4.0% 36% 2025 30% 4.0% 4.0% 38% 2026 32% 4.0% 4.0% 40% 2027 34% 4.0% 4.0% 42% 2028 36% 4.0% 4.0% 44% 2029 38% 4.0% 4.0% 46% 2030 40% 4.0% 4.0% 48% 38 Energy Conversion Factors Approximate Heating Value of Common Fuels Electricity 3412 Btu/kilowatt hour Gas Natural Gas 1,030 Btu/cu ft 100,000 Btu/therm Propane 2,500 Btu/cu ft 92,500 Btu/gal Methane 1,000 Btu/cu ft Landfill gas 500 Btu/cu ft Butane 3,200 Btu/cu ft 130,000 Btu/gal Fuel Oil Kerosene 135,000 Btu/gal #2 138,500 Btu/gal #4 145,000 Btu/gal #6 153,000 Btu/gal Waste oil 125,000 Btu/gal Biodiesel – Waste vegetable oil 120,000 Btu/gal Gasoline 125,000 Btu/gal Methanol 57,000 Btu/gal Ethanol 76,000 Btu/gal Wood Softwood 2-3,000 lb/cord 10–15,000,000 Btu/cord Hardwood 4-5,000 lb/cord 18–24,000,000 Btu/cord Sawdust – green 10-13 lb/cu ft 8-10,000,000 Btu/ton 39 Sawdust – kiln dry 8-10 lb/cu ft 14-18,000,000 Btu/ton Chips 45% moisture 10-30 lb/cu ft 7,600,000 Btu/ton Hogged 10-30 lb/cu ft 16 20,000,000 Btu/ton Bark 10-20 lb/cu ft 9-10,500,000 Btu/ton Wood pellets 10% moisture 40-50 lb/cu ft 16,000,000 Btu/ton Hard Coal (anthracite) 13,000 Btu/lb 26,000,000 Btu/ton Soft Coal (bituminous) 12,000 Btu/lb 24,000,000 Btu/ton Rubber – pelletized 16,000 Btu/lb 32-34,000,000 Btu/ton Plastic 18-20,000 Btu/lb Corn – shelled 7,800-8,500 Btu/lb 15-17,000,000 Btu/ton cobs 8,000-8,300 Btu/lb 16-17,000,000 Btu/ton Coal Recycling Prepared by: John W. Bartok, Jr., Agricultural Engineer University of Connecticut, Storrs CT 06269-4087 December 2004 40 Source-Site Ratios for Various Energy Types Portfolio Manager provides the following information regarding the concept of Source Energy and Site Energy and how they are related: “Commercial buildings all use different mixes of energy including electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, district steam, and many others. In order to evaluate energy performance for these buildings, we have to express all of these different energy types in a single common unit. Source energy is the most equitable unit of evaluation, and enables a complete assessment of energy efficiency. You may be familiar with site energy, the amount of heat and electricity consumed by a building as reflected in utility bills. Site energy may be delivered to a facility in one of two forms. Primary energy is the raw fuel that is burned to create heat and electricity, such as natural gas or fuel oil. Secondary energy is the energy product created from a raw fuel, such as electricity purchased from the grid or heat received from a district steam system. A unit of primary energy and a unit of secondary energy consumed at the site are not directly comparable because one represents a raw fuel while the other represents a converted fuel. Ultimately, buildings require heat and electricity to operate, and there are always losses associated with generating and delivering this heat and electricity. Source energy traces the heat and electricity requirements of the building back to the raw fuel input, thereby accounting for any losses and enabling a complete thermodynamic assessment. The table [below] summarizes the ratios used in Portfolio Manager to convert to source energy. We use national average ratios for the conversion …” The following table represents Source/Site ratios as of 2019. The ratios, especially for grid purchase electricity, change as the mix of renewable vs. fossil and nuclear energy sources change over time. Energy Type. U.S Ratio Canadian Ratio Electricity (Grid Purchase) 2.80 1.96 Electricity (on-Site Solar or Wind Installation) 1.00 1.00 Natural Gas 1.05 1.01 Fuel Oil (1,2,4,5,6,Diesel, Kerosene) 1.01 1.01 Propane & Liquid Propane 1.01 1.04 41 Useful Websites South Windsor Energy Committee: http://www.southwindsor.org/energy-committee South Windsor Human Services Department: https://www.southwindsor.org/human-services (860) 648-6361 Connecticut Green Bank: https://www.ctgreenbank.com/ Energize Connecticut including Home Energy Solutions (HES) and business solutions: www.EnergizeCT.com 1-877-WISE USE (877-947-3873) Solarize Connecticut: https://solarizect.wee.green/ Additional solar information: http://www.gosolarct.com/ Clean Energy Communities Links: www.ctenergydashboard.com Commercial Property Assessed Clean Energy (C-PACE). http://www.cpace.com/About-Us. EPA Energy Star Portfolios Manager Links: https://portfoliomanager.energystar.gov/pm/home.html User name is “SouthWindsorMunicipal”. Staff and Energy Committee chair have password. NC Clean Energy Technology Center DSIRE program listing: https://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program?zipcode=06074. Eversource Account Login (follow links to residential or business logins) https://www.eversource.com/content/ct-c Eversource Municipal Account login (staff only): https://www.eversource.com/security/account/login?ReturnUrl=/CG/AcctInfo/AccountInformat ion Energize CT Heating pages Residential Furnaces: https://www.energizect.com/your-home/solutions-list/High-EfficiencyFurnace-Natural-Gas-Boiler-Rebates Infrared Heaters: https://www.energizect.com/your-business/solutions-list/Natural-GasInfrared-Heater-Rebate Commercial Heating: https://www.energizect.com/your-business/solutions-list/Natural-GasHeating-Equipment-Rebate Consortium for Energy Efficiency, Inc. Directory: http://www.ceedirectory.org/site/1/Home Residential Boilers: https://efi.secure.force.com/client/LandingCTMIDV1 Commercial Boilers: https://efi.secure.force.com/client/FormCTDHECIV1 Fourth National Climate Assessment: https://nca2018.globalchange.gov WHO COP24 Special report: Health & Climate Change https://www.who.int/globalchange/publications/COP24-report-health-climate-change/en/ 42