!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Milwaukee!Collaborative!! Collaborative Community Committee!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Community!Committee! Research Findings on Milwaukee Community Responses to the U.S. ! Department of Research!Findings!on!Milwaukee!Community! Justice Collaborative Reform Initiative Draft Report on the Milwaukee Police Department Responses!to!the!U.S.!Department!of!Justice! and Milwaukee Fire and Police Commission Collaborative!Reform!Initiative!Draft!Report!on! !! the!Milwaukee!Police!Department!and!City!of! ! ! Milwaukee!Fire!and!Police!Commission! ! ! ! ! Commissioned by ! Fire and Police Commission City of Milwaukee ! and the City of Milwaukee Common Council Milwaukee Collaborative Review Initiative ! ! ! SEPTEMBER!2019! ! ! Commissioned!by! ! Prepared by CCC Research Collaborators ! ! ! ! Authorship!and!Contributions! ! ! Collaborative!Community!Committee! Danell!Cross,!Metcalf!Community!Bridges!Association! Nate!Hamilton,!Coalition!for!Justice! Debra!Huntley,!AFSCME!Council!32,!AFLNCIO! Lisa!Jones,!UBLAC!(Uplifting!Black!Liberation!and!Community)! Cacy!Masters,!Safe!&!Sound!Milwaukee!! LaNelle!Ramey,!Milwaukee!Public!Schools! Tammy!Rivera,!Southside!Organizing!Center!(Treasurer,!Research!Chair)! Patricia!Rogers,!Dominican!Center!! Fred!Royal,!Milwaukee!Chapter!NAACP!(CoNChair)! Jamaal!Smith,!YWCA!of!Southeastern!Wisconsin! La!Toya!Sykes,!Our!Next!Generation! Markasa!Tucker,!African!American!Round!Table!(Chair)! ! Derute!Consulting!Cooperative! Jeffery!K.!Roman! Dominique!DuvalNDiop,!PhD! Decoteau!J.!Irby,!PhD! ! Kairo!Communications,!LLC! Deborah!C.!Blanks,!PhD! Patricia!T.!Najera,!PhD! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!!2! ! ! Table!of!Contents! ! I.! II.! III.! IV.! V.! Executive!Summary!………………………………….…..!Page!3!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! Research!Findings:!Topical!Themes!and! Community!and!Police!Officer!Perspectives!………..!Page!10! ! Discussion:!Historical!&!Contemporary!Contexts…..!Page!35! ! CCC!Recommendations!…………………………………!Page!47! ! Appendix!……….…………………………………………..!Page!49! ! 1.! Community!Perspectives!Aligned!to!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! U.S.!DOJ!Draft!Report!Chapters!………...……...!Page!49! ! 2.! Topical!Themes!Aligned!to!U.S.!DOJ!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Draft!Report!Chapter!Findings!………………….!Page!55! ! 3.! Contextual!References!…………………………...!Page!62! ! 4.! Milwaukee!Community!Hub!Profiles!…………...!Page!66! ! 5.! U.S.!DOJ!Draft!Report!Chapters!and!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Findings!on!Milwaukee!Police!Department!..….!Page!70! ! ! ! ! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!!3! ! ! Executive!Summary! ! Milwaukee!city!officials!and!the!Milwaukee!Fire!and!Police!Commission!(FPC)!formed! the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Reform!Initiative!(MKECR)!in!January!2017!to!strengthen! and!build!the!mutual!trust!between!the!Milwaukee!Police!Department!(MPD)!and!the! communities!they!serve.!The!initiative!was!formed!after!the!United!States!Department!of! Justice!(DOJ)!performed!an!assessment!of!the!MPD!and!the!FPC!and!failed!to!release! a!final!report!of!recommendationsd!however,!the!DOJ!released!an!internal!draft!report!of! findings!and!recommendations!to!the!MPD!and!the!FPC,!that!was!ultimately!leaked!to! the!community!in!August!2017.!! ! At!the!community’s!pressing,!and!building!upon!the!African!American!Roundtable’s! earlier!work!to!ensure!the!voices!of!community!residents!were!heard,!considered,!and! valued!as!key!decisions!were!made!regarding!the!MPD,!a!key!question!for!MKECR!was! to!determine!if!the!recommendations!provided!by!the!DOJ!were!consistent!with! community!stakeholders’.!In!many!ways,!what!unfolded!from!this!has!resulted!in!a! closer!examination!of!not!only!MPD!practices!and!policies,!but!also!the!critical!role!of! the!Fire!and!Police!Commission.!!! ! Building!on!the!momentum!the!DOJ!review!created!in!the!Milwaukee!community,!the! Milwaukee!Common!Council,!working!with!the!African!American!Roundtable!and!other! grassroots!organizations,!formally!established!the!Collaborative!Community!Committee! (CCC)!to!carry!forward!the!goals!of!the!MKECR.!From!the!end!of!2017!and!spring!and! summer!of!2018,!the!CCC!convened!a!series!of!meetings!throughout!Milwaukee!where! community!groups!and!citizens!discussed!the!DOJ!draft!report!findings!and! recommendations!and!worked!toward!developing!priorities!and!solutions!to!the!issues! addressed.!The!grassrootsNled!process!continued!community!conversations!started! during!the!DOJ!review!and!provided!City!of!Milwaukee!residents!an!opportunity!to! respond!to!the!DOJ!draft!report!through!town!halls,!an!online!portal!and!various! communityNled!meetings!(called!Community!Hubs).!In!total,!CCCNtrained!facilitators! moderated!a!total!of!45!communityNstakeholder!conversations!across!18!organizations.!! ! This!report!presents!findings!from!a!qualitative!analysis!of!facilitator!notes!generated! from!CCC’s!45!Community!Hub!conversations1!and!MKECR!online!portal.!This!report!is! comprised!of!four!sections:!an!introduction,!presentation!of!findings,!discussion,!and! conclusion.!The!introduction!provides!a!brief!background!on!Milwaukee's!Department!of! Justice!Collaborative!Reform!initiative!and!importance!to!the!community.!Following!the! introduction,!we!present!the!findings!from!our!analysis!of!facilitatorNgenerated!notes! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! 1 !Community!Hub!participant!profiles!and!DOJ!draft!report!chapters!reviewed!are!listed!in!the!report!appendix.!Highlighted!boxes! indicate!Community!Hub!conversations!hosted!by!police!officerNcentered!organizations.! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!!4! ! ! from!Community!Hub!meetings.!Specifically,!we!present!comparisons!of!community!and! officer!responses!and!recommendations!to!DOJ!findings.!In!the!third!section!of!the! report,!a!discussion!of!the!findings!is!provided!by!placing!them!into!the!historical!and! contemporary!contexts!of!Milwaukee!policing!approaches!and!reforms.!We!conclude! with!a!presentation!of!CCC!responses!to!the!report!and!recommendations!for!next! steps.!! ! U.S.!DOJ!Collaborative!Reform!Initiative!in!Milwaukee,!WI! ! The!U.S.!Department!of!Justice’s!Office!of!Community!Oriented!Policing!Services! (COPS)!created!the!Collaborative!Reform!Initiative!for!Technical!Assistance!(CRINTA)!in! 2011!in!response!to!requests!from!the!nation’s!law!enforcement!community!for!a! proactive,!nonNadversarial,!and!costNeffective!form!of!technical!assistance!for!local!and! state!agencies!with!significant!law!enforcementNrelated!issues.!The!purpose!of!COPS! and!CRINTA!is!to!improve!trust!between!law!enforcement!agencies!and!the!communities! they!serve!by!providing!a!comprehensive!agency!assessment!to!facilitate!organizational! transformation!around!specific!issues.!The!process!includes!a!longNterm!strategy! focused!on!identifying!issues!that!affect!public!trust!and!providing!recommendations!to! resolve!those!issues!to!strengthen!the!relationship!between!the!police!and!the! community.!!While!local!agency!participation!is!voluntary,!selected!agencies!must! demonstrate!a!commitment!to!address!the!recommendations!and!implement!significant! reform!efforts.! ! The!COPS!Office!uses!assessment!and!technical!assistance!providers!to!coordinate! this!work.!Based!on!the!involvement!of!subject!matter!experts!to!conduct!research!and! interviews,!data!and!records!analysis,!and!direct!observations,!the!COPS!Office!issues! a!series!of!findings!and!recommendations!that!are!consistent!with!best!practices!in! policing.!COPS!then!provides!technical!assistance!and!other!resources!to!help! agencies!address!specific!needs.!Over!the!last!six!years,!COPS!has!worked!with! several!agencies!and!provided!assessments!in!urban!areas!throughout!the!U.S.!A! snapshot!of!some!Collaborative!Review!cities!include:!Las!Vegas,!Nevada!(2011)d! Spokane,!Washington!(2013),!Philadelphia,!Pennsylvania!(2013)d!St.!Louis,!Missouri! (2014)d!Fayetteville,!North!Carolina!(2014)d!Baltimore,!Maryland!(2014)d!and!Salinas,! California!(2015).! ! In!2015,!Chief!Edward!Flynn!requested!that!the!Milwaukee!Police!Department! participate!in!the!DOJ’s!Collaborative!Reform!Initiative!to!provide!an!avenue!to! strengthen!and!build!the!mutual!trust!between!MPD!and!the!communities!it!serves.! During!2016,!DOJ!performed!an!initial!assessment!of!MPD!and!the!FPC!and!embarked! on!a!collaborative!federal!review!of!MPD’s!operations!and!policies.!It!was!an!surprising! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!!5! ! ! shock!when!the!review!halted!just!two!years!later!without!issuing!a!final!report!to!the! community.!Community!members!had!toiled!with!federal!officials!to!contribute! significant!input!to!inform!the!findings!characterizing!communityNpolice!relations!in! Milwaukee.!At!its!conclusion,!a!273Npage!draft!report!was!released!to!MPD,!the! Milwaukee!Common!Council!and!the!FPC,!which!included!56!findings!and!110! recommendations!with!a!focus!on!building!trust!between!MPD!and!the!community.!! ! Formation!and!Charge!of!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Reform!Initiative! and!Collaborative!Community!Committee! ! Recognizing!the!level!of!work!and!public!input!that!went!into!the!DOJ!review!and!the! work!of!the!African!American!Roundtable!that!followed!the!release!and!leaking!of!the! DOJ!draft!report,!city!officials!developed!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Reform!Initiative! (MKECR)!to!see!to!it!that!the!collaborative!reform!process!would!not!be!left!unresolved.! The!Milwaukee!Common!Council!formally!established!the!CCC!to!carry!forward!the! goals!of!the!MKECR.!The!CCC!had!previously!functioned!as!an!informal!committee!of! the!Common!Council.!The!CCCNled!process!continued!community!conversations! started!during!the!DOJ!review!and!provided!City!of!Milwaukee!residents!an!opportunity! to!respond!to!the!DOJ!draft!report!through!town!halls,!an!online!portal!and!various! communityNled!meetings!held!between!the!end!of!2017!and!spring!and!summer!of!2018.! During!this!time,!CCCNselected!and!trained!facilitators!who!moderated!a!total!of!45! Community!Hub!conversations!across!18!organizations,!including!three!police!officer! centered!groups.!Facilitators!assisted!participants!in!understanding!the!DOJ!draft! report’s!findings,!while!noteNtakers!captured!their!responses.!! ! In!2018,!the!CCC!searched!for!a!research!collaborator!to!conduct!an!analysis!of! community!hub!and!online!portal!responses.!There!were!56!total!findings!organized!into! five!chapters!in!the!DOJ!report!that!community!residents!responded!to.!Working!through! the!FPC,!the!CCC!selected!Derute!Consulting!Cooperative!to!analyze!those!responses.! Derute!used!a!series!of!analytical!approaches!to!construct!11!topical!themes!that!cut! across!the!disparate!sets!of!online!responses!and!community!hub!conversation!notes.! Those!captured!responses!are!what!derived!these!themes.!It!is!important!to!note!that! not!all!Community!Hubs!reviewed!all!five!DOJ!chapters.!Some!reviewed!all!five,!others! reviewed!two!or!three,!some!four,!while!some!reviewed!only!one.!The!recurring!crossN cutting!themes!that!emerged!from!community!hub!notes!and!online!portal!responses! included,!in!alphabetical!order:! ! ●! Civilian!oversight,!which!refers!to!the!ability!of!City!of!Milwaukee!residents!to! directly!monitor!MPD!policies!and!procedures.! ! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!!6! ! ! ●! Community!engagement,!which!refers!to!reciprocal!interactions!between! MPD/police!officers!and!community!residents!and!the!direct!involvement!of! community!members!in!MPD!processes!to!build!trust!and!strengthen!communityN police!relations.! ! ●! Data!collection!and!analysis!which!refers!to!the!ability!of!MPD!to!collect!and! analyze!internal!data!to!determine!the!impacts!of!officer!and!department!policies,! procedures!and!practices.!!! ! ●! Diversity!in!MPD,!which!refers!to!the!reflective!representation!of!Milwaukee’s! diverse!communities!and!demographics!in!MPD’s!rank!and!file!and!civilian! workforce.! ! ●! Evaluation!of!officer!performance!which!refers!to!regular!assessment!of!MPD! officers!and!command!staff’s!ability!to!perform!the!duties!of!their!jobs.! ! ●! MPD!organization,!management,!and!FPC!administrative!authority!which! refers!to!changes!to!MPD!culture,!governance!and!operational!structure!and! leadership.!!! ! ●! Officer!promotion!and!career!development!which!refers!to!the!process!of! supporting!and!promoting!MPD!officer!career!planning!and!advancement.! ! ●! MPD!recruitment!and!hiring!which!refers!to!the!ways!in!which!the!FPC!enlists! recruits!to!join!MPD’s!rank!and!file!and!civilian!workforce.! ! ●! MPD!Standard!Operating!Procedures!which!refers!to!the!codified!policies!and! procedures!that!guide!MPD!personnel!and!operations.! ! ●! State!and!local!laws!and!MPD!budget!which!refers!to!changes!to!the!laws!and! legislation!that!establish!policy!for!and!allocate!resources!to!MPD.! ! ●! Training!and!professional!development!which!refers!to!the!process!of!offering! professional!learning!opportunities!to!MPD!rank!and!file!officers!and!civilian!staff.! ! The!below!table!captures!the!number!of!themes!from!community!hub!notes!and!online! responses!that!align!directly!to!findings!within!each!of!the!DOJ’s!five!chapters.!The!CCC! offers!a!prioritization!of!themes!based!on!their!prevalence.!For!instance,!Community! Engagement!was!raised!with!the!greatest!frequency.!Therefore,!the!CCC!will!provide! recommendations!for!action!regarding!Community!Engagement!in!this!report.! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!!7! ! ! Figure!1:!Community!Feedback!Themes!and!DOJ!Report!Chapter!Alignment! U.S.$DOJ$Draft$Report$Chapters$&$Titles$ Number$of$Themes$ Chapter$3:$Recruitment,$Hiring$and$Personnel$Practices$ ! 9!of!11! Civilian'Oversight' Community'Engagement' Diversity'in'MPD' Evaluation'of'Officer'Performance' MPD'Organization,'Management'and'FPC'Admin.'Authority' MPD'Standard'Operating'Procedures' MPD'Recruitment'and'Hiring' Officer'Promotion'and'Career'Development' Training'and'Professional'Development' ! Chapter$4:$Community$Oriented$Policing$Practices$ Civilian'Oversight' Community'Engagement' Data'Collection'and'Analysis' Evaluation'of'Officer'Performance' MPD'Organization,'Management'and'FPC'Admin.'Authority' MPD'Standard'Operating'Procedures' Training'and'Professional'Development' ! 7!of!11! ! Chapter$5:$Use$of$Force$and$Use$of$Deadly$Force$Practices$ Community'Engagement' Data'Collection'and'Analysis' MPD'Standard'Operating'Procedures' Training'and'Professional'Development' ! 4!of!11! ! Chapter$6:$Citizen$Search$and$Stop$Practices$ Civilian'Oversight' Data'Collection'and'Analysis' MPD'Standard'Operating'Procedures' Training'and'Professional'Development' ! 4!of!11! ! Chapter$7:$Systems$for$Supervision,$Accountability$Organizational$ Learning,$Remediation$&$Discipline$ ! 6!of!11! Civilian'Oversight' Data'Collection'and'Analysis' Evaluation'of'Officer'Performance' MPD'Organization,'Management'and'Admin.'Authority' MPD'Standard'Operating'Procedures' Training'and'Professional'Development' ! In!summary,!this!report!explores!serious!past!and!present!issues!facing!Milwaukee.! There!is!a!high!level!of!alignment!between!the!recommendations!found!in!the!DOJ! report!and!community!feedback,!and!from!that!we!can!conclude!Milwaukee!will!only! make!meaningful!progress!on!its!issues!if!it!takes!action!on!implementing!the!DOJ! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!!8! ! ! recommendations!as!well!as!those!of!the!CCC.!Four!key!CCC!Recommendations! ultimately!grew!out!of!this!analysis!touching!on!community!engagement,!training!and! professional!development,!MPD!Standard!Operating!Procedures,!and!MPD!recruitment! and!hiring.!The!recommendations!are!described!in!greater!detail!in!the!report,! accompanied!by!specific!policy!and!practice!implications.!! ! ! ! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!!9! ! ! Research!Findings:!Topical!Themes!and!Community! and!Police!Officer!Perspectives!on!DOJ!Findings! ! The!major!findings!of!this!report!are!organized!into!themes!and!perspectives!captured! from!Community!Hub!notes.!Themes!refer!to!what!Community!Hub!note!takers!wrote! about!the!most!from!conversations!relating!to!the!DOJ!draft!report.!The!eleven!themes! represent!the!topics!of!discussion!that!occurred!most!frequently!across!all!Hub! conversations!(as!reflected!in!notes).!! ! Within!each!theme,!we!offer!two!perspectives:!community!perspectives!and!police! officer!perspectives.!Perspectives!are!an!attempt!to!capture!the!ways!that!participants! responded!to!the!DOJ!report!findings.!In!some!instances,!community!and!police!officer! perspectives!were!the!same.!In!others,!they!were!different.!In!some!cases,!community! members!offered!perspectives!where!police!officers!offered!none.!Specifically,!across! the!45!total!community!hub!conversations,!community!member!participants!discussed! all!11!of!the!above!themes.!Police!officer!participants!discussed!a!total!of!7!of!the!11! above!themes.!To!offer!data!comparisons,!we!present!community!and!police!officer! responses!next!to!one!another.!Each!set!of!perspectives!and!recommendations!reflects! the!respective!groups’!reactions!to!the!DOJ!draft!report!findings!and!suggest! recommendations!for!reform2.!Before!presenting!each!individual!theme!and! perspectives,!we!offer!an!overview!of!community!and!police!officer!perspectives.!! ! Summary!of!Community!Perspectives! Overwhelmingly,!Community!Hub!participants’!perspectives!focused!on!strategies!to! increase!MPD!community!engagement!and!the!need!for!more!positive!interaction!and! presence!of!rank!and!file!officers!in!Milwaukee!neighborhoods3.!Community!members! also!stressed!the!importance!of!increasing!the!representation!of!women,!people!of! color,!and!LGBTQ!officers!and!civilian!staff!across!the!department!to!better!reflect!the! demographic!makeNup!and!diversity!of!the!city.!Significant!support!exists!among! residents!to!bring!back!City!of!Milwaukee!residency!laws!to!ensure!MPD!officers!and! staff!live!and!work!in!the!neighborhoods!they!make!an!oath!to!serve!and!protect.! Additionally,!the!need!for!community!oversight!of!specific!MPD!functions!(i.e.! recruitment!and!hiring,!officer!complaints!and!use!of!force!investigations,!etc.),!inclusion! of!community!residents!in!developing!community!policing!and!officer!evaluation!and! promotion!standards,!and!departmentNwide!training!and!professional!development!on! Community!Oriented!Policing,!cultural!competency,!recognizing!mental!health!and! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! 2 !In!the!presentation!of!findings,!the!themes!that!police!officers!did!not!discuss!are!intentionally!left!blank.! !A!table!with!DOJ!draft!report!chapters!and!their!correlating!findings!and!recommendations!can!be!found!in!the!Appendix.!! 3 ! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 10! ! implicit!bias!were!consistent!and!crossNcutting!themes!which!emerged!across!resident! responses!to!the!DOJ!draft!report!and!corresponding!chapter!findings.!! ! Summary!of!Police!Officer!Perspectives! The!CCC’s!inclusion!of!MPD!rank!and!file!officers!in!hosting!Community!Hub! conversations!is!a!testament!of!the!desire!and!willingness!of!Milwaukee!residents!to!see! and!work!with!police!officers!as!fellow!community!members!and!true!partners!in!MPD! reform!processes.!While!only!a!small!sample!of!the!department’s!workforce,!general! perspectives!from!officers!focused!on!the!need!for!community!advocacy!to!see!changes! in!state!laws!that!contradict!Community!Oriented!Policing!strategies.!Participating! officers!noted!that!most!of!their!colleagues!agree!with!the!strategies!individually!but!are! limited!in!their!ability!to!adhere!to!them!because!of!established!policies!and!procedures.! Officers!additionally!raised!the!need!for!the!department!and!the!FPC!to!codify! consistent!standards!and!procedures!across!the!department!regarding!use!of!force,! taking/tracking/investigating!officer!complaints,!and!rank!and!MPD!specialty!unit! promotions.!Officers!generally!agreed!with!community!members!that!MPD!is!in!need!of! an!overhaul!that!prioritizes!diversity!and!recruitment!(with!a!focus!on!eliminating!hiring! barriers,!recruiting!women!and!people!of!color,!and!promoting!opportunities!for!both! officer!and!civilian!posts!within!the!department),!career!planning!and!development,!and! creating!more!opportunities!for!dialogue!and!trust!building!between!officers!and! residents.!It!is!important!to!note!that!these!perspectives!were!derived!only!from!rank! and!file!officer!input!from!police!officerNcentered!Community!Hubs,!not!from!the!official! FPC!and!MPD!responses!to!the!DOJ!draft!report’s!findings!and!recommendations.! ! ! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 11! Theme%1:%Civilian%Oversight! ! Civilian!oversight!refers!to!the!ability!of!City!of!Milwaukee!residents!to!directly!monitor!MPD!policies!and!procedures.! Based!on!our!analysis,!perspectives!related!to!civilian!oversight!derived!from!a!desire!and!need!for!community!members! to!be!directly!involved!in!the!development!and!monitoring!of!MPD!recruitment!and!officer!hiring,!evaluation!and!promotion! standards!and!procedures.!Community!participants!particularly!expressed!a!specific!interest!in!having!oversight!of! community!policing!practices!and!officer!complaint!and!use!of!force!investigations!to!curb!police!misconduct!and!build! trust.!We!raise!the!question,!when!and!to!what!extent!should!the!FPC,!a!civilian!oversight!board!with!authority!over!MPD,! share!or!relinquish!its!oversight!authority!to!the!community?! ! Community%Perspectives%% Police%Officer%Perspectives%% DOJ%Report%Alignment% Oversight!of!internal!processes,! complaints!and!policing!practices! ●! Community!oversight!of! department!recruitment!and! officer!hiring,!promotion!and! evaluation! ●! Community!oversight!of!officer! complaints,!community!policing! practices!and!use!of!force! investigations! ! Oversight!of!the!Fire!&!Police! Commission! ●! Community!oversight!of!Fire!&! Police!Commission!(to!hold! them!accountable)! ! Civilian!or!community!oversight! perspectives!directly!aligned!with!four! DOJ!findings!and!recommendations:! ! Chapter!3!L!Recruitment,!Hiring!and! Personnel!Practices:!finding!6! regarding!the!development!of!a!MPD! officer!recruitment,!hiring!and! retention!advisory!council!and!a!police! applicant!interview!board!comprised!of! community!stakeholders.! ! Chapter!4!L!Community!Oriented! Policing!Practices:!finding!10!relating! to!an!independent!community! ! advisory!board!to!provide!the!Chief!of! Police!input!on!MPD!operations.! ! Chapter!6!L!Citizen!Search!and!Stop! Practices:!finding!33!regarding! engaging!an!independent!evaluator!to! measure!community!impacts!of!MPD! traffic!enforcement.! ! Chapter!7!L!Systems!for!Supervision,! Accountability,!Organizational! Learning,!Remediation,!and! Discipline:!finding!44!regarding!the! creation!of!an!independent!police! auditor.! ! % ! % Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 13! ! Theme%2:%Community%Engagement! ! Community!engagement!refers!to!reciprocal!interactions!between!MPD/police!officers!and!community!residents!and!the! direct!involvement!of!community!members!in!MPD!processes!to!build!trust!and!improve/strengthen!communityLpolice! relations.!Perspectives!related!to!community!engagement!consisted!of!the!desire!of!and!for!MPD!to!increase!venues!and! opportunities!for!dialogue!with!community!residents!and!need!for!police!officers!to!become!more!aware!of!the!people!and! efforts!making!positive!change!in!the!neighborhoods!they!patrol.!Community!and!police!officer!perspectives!on!community! engagement!were!virtually!consistent!across!topic!areas,!indicating!community!engagement!as!a!key!priority!for! promoting!and!maintaining!MPD!reforms.!! ! Community%Perspectives%% Police%Officer%Perspectives%% DOJ%Report%Alignment% Community!involvement!in!internal! department!processes!and!policies! ●! Engage!community!members!in! officer!recruitment!and!hiring! processes! ●! Engage!community!in! developing!community!policing! and!officer!evaluation!standards! ●! Require!MPD!promotional! panels!to!include!FPC!and! community!members! ! Increase!nonLpatrol!community! engagement!&!venues! ●! Mandate!officers!spend!a! certain!amount!of!“nonLpatrol! community!engagement”!hours! participating!in!community! events!and!activities! Community!involvement!in!internal! department!processes!and!policies! ●! Create!mechanism!for! community!input!regarding! officer!recruitment!and!hiring! (i.e.!include!citizens!on!officer! selection!panels)! ! Increase!nonLpatrol!community! engagement!&!venues! ●! Create!more!opportunities!and! venues!for!exchange!of! dialogue!between!MPD!and! community! Community!engagement!perspectives! directly!aligned!with!three!DOJ! findings!and!recommendations:! ! Chapter!3!L!Recruitment,!Hiring,!and! Personnel!Practices:!finding!6! regarding!mechanisms!to!increase! community!involvement!in!MPD!officer! recruitment!and!hiring.! ! Chapter!4!L!Community!Oriented! Policing!Practices:!finding!10! regarding!community!engagement! through!an!independent!community! advisory!board!to!provide!input!to! Chief!of!Police!on!MPD!operations.! ! Chapter!5!L!Use!of!Force!and!Use!of! Deadly!Force!Practices:!finding!30! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 14! ! ! Identify!ways!to!improve!trust!between! department!&!community! ●! Seeing!officers!interact!with! community!members!without! uniforms!on!or!patrollingLonly!is! less!threatening.!It!will!increase! trust!and!help!build/improve! relations.! relating!to!community!input!regarding! public!FPC!reports!on!MPD.! ! ! % Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 15! ! Theme%3:%Data%Collection%and%Analysis! ! Data!collection!and!analysis!refers!to!the!ability!of!MPD!to!collect!and!analyze!internal!data!to!determine!the!impacts!of! officer!and!department!policy,!procedures!and!practices.!Based!on!our!analysis,!perspectives!related!to!data!collection! consisted!of!the!need!for!MPD!to!strengthen!standards!for!data!collection!on!officer!hiring,!officer!stops!and!arrests!and! use!of!force,!and!the!need!to!disaggregate!the!data!to!better!understand!the!department's!disparate!impact!on! communities!of!color!and!other!marginalized!populations.! ! Community%Perspectives%% Police%Officer%Perspectives%% Collect,!analyze!and!report! ! disaggregated!data!on!use!of!force,! stops!&!arrests! ●! Complaints!and!use!of!force! data!and!analysis!! ●! Stops!and!arrest!data!(collect,! analyze!and!report! demographic!data!on!all!officer! stops!and!arrests!made)! ! Collect,!analyze!&!report!data!to! monitor!hiring!&!recruitment! ●! Hiring!data!and!analysis! (collect,!analyze!and!report! demographic!data!of!the!people! applying!for!and!receiving!jobs! in!department)! DOJ%Report%Alignment% Data!collection!and!analysis! perspectives!directly!align!with!14! DOJ!findings!and!recommendations:!! ! Chapter!4!L!Community!Oriented! Policing!Practices:!finding!14! regarding!evaluation!of!MPD! enforcement!activities!and!their! collateral!damage!on!community!trust! and!legitimacy,!conducting!community! surveys!to!measure!the!public’s! attitudes!toward!MPD!and!officers,! and!MPD’s!continued!commitment!to! release!policing!data!to!the!public.! ! Chapter!5!L!Use!of!Force!and!Deadly! Force!Practices:!findings!19,!21,!22,! 27,!28!and!29!regarding!the!collection,! documentation,!review,!management! and!reporting!of!video!evidence!and! the!inclusion!of!involved!officer! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 16! ! administrative!interviews!and!history! in!use!of!force!and!use!of!deadly!for! investigations.! ! Chapter!6!L!Citizen!Stop!and!Search! Practices:!findings!33L35!regarding! the!collection,!analysis!and!reporting! of!traffic!stop!enforcement!data.! ! Chapter!7!L!Systems!for!Supervision,! Accountability,!Organizational! Learning,!Remediation,!and! Discipline:!finding!42!regarding!the! analysis!of!trend!and!patterns!and! other!issues!associated!with!MPD! officer!complaint!datae!and!findings! 45L47!relating!to!evaluation!of!MPD’s! disciplinary!matrix!and!Early! Intervention!Program.!! ! ! % Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 17! ! Theme%4:%Diversity%in%MPD! % Increasing!diversity!refers!to!ensuring!the!reflective!representation!of!Milwaukee’s!diverse!communities!in!MPD’s!rank!and! file!and!civilian!workforce.!Based!on!our!analysis,!perspectives!related!to!diversity!consisted!of!increasing!the!racial!and! gender!diversity!of!officers!and!command!staff!in!the!department!and!eliminating!barriers!that!may!exclude!women!and! people!of!color!from!joining!or!being!promoted!through!the!ranks.! !! Community%Perspectives%% Police%Officer%Perspectives%% DOJ%Report%Alignment% Increase!racial!and!gender!diversity!in! police!department!! ●! Increase!racial!and!gender! diversity!in!department!! ●! Increase!representation!of! people!of!color!in!departments,! especially!in!high!patrol! districts/areas! ●! Increase!people!of!color!in! lieutenant!ranks!(supervisory! level!posts!with!vast!discretion)! Increase!racial!and!gender!diversity!in! police!department!! ●! Increase!diversity!in!officer!and! civilian!posts!within!department!! ●! Increase!overall!representation! of!women,!LGBTQ!and!people! of!color!in!department! (comparative!to!city! demographics)! ! Alleviate!barriers!to!diversity! ●! Update!background,! psychological!and!selection! processes.!Current!processes! pose!barriers!that!exclude! people!of!color!from!getting!into! the!department! ! Ensure!recruitment!facilitates!gender! diversity! ●! Increase!female!recruits!into! police!academy!and!as! candidates!into!department! Perspectives!on!MPD!diversity!and! inclusion!directly!align!with!one!DOJ! finding!and!related!recommendations:!! ! Chapter!3!L!Recruitment,!Hiring,!and! Personnel!Practices:!finding!1! regarding!the!creation!of!a!strategic! MPD!diversity!and!inclusion!plan.! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 18! ! Theme%5:%Evaluation%of%Officer%Performance! ! Evaluation!of!officer!performance!refers!to!the!regular!assessment!of!MPD!officers’!and!command!staff’s!ability!to!perform! the!duties!essential!to!their!job.!Officer!performance!evaluation!was!described!as!an!important!reform!in!five!DOJ!draft! report!findings.!Perspectives!related!to!officer!performance!evaluation!consisted!of!creating!benchmarks!for!officer! promotion!and!mandating!annual!assessments!of!police!officer’s!mental!health.!! ! Community%Perspectives%% Police%Officer%Perspectives%% DOJ%Report%Alignment% Create!professional!development! program!for!officers!with!benchmarks! for!performance!and!promotion! ! Conduct!annual!psychological! assessments! ! Regular!assessment!of!officer! complaints,!use!of!force,!traffic!stops! and!community!engagement!activities! ! Evaluation!of!officer!performance! perspectives!directly!align!with!five! DOJ!findings!and!recommendations:! ! Chapter!3!L!Recruitment,!Hiring,!and! Personnel!Practices:!finding!3! regarding!the!conducting!an!MPD!job! task!analysise!and!finding!8!regarding! the!examination!of!job!performance! outcomes!as!part!of!MPD!career! development!planning.! ! Chapter!4!L!Community!Oriented! Policing!Practices:!finding!11!relating! to!updating!MPD’s!employee! performance!appraisal!process!to! include!community!policing!measures.! ! Chapter!7!L!Systems!for!Supervision,! Accountability,!Organizational! Learning,!Remediation,!and! Discipline:!finding!47!regarding!the! addition!of!performance!indicators!to! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 19! ! MPD’s!Employee!Intervention! Programe!and!finding!52!regarding! acknowledgement!for!good!behavior! and!job!performance.! ! ! % Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 20! ! Theme%6:%MPD%Organization,%Management,%and%FPC%Administrative%Authority! ! MPD!organization,!management,!and!FPC!administrative!authority!refers!to!changes!to!MPD!culture,!governance!and! operational!structure!and!leadership.!Needed!changes!were!primarily!raised!by!police!officers!and!community!members! participating!in!Community!Hub!conversations.!Example!perspectives!include!the!desire!of!some!police!officers!to!see! Community!Oriented!Policing!supported!by!MPD!leadership!and!operationalized!throughout!the!entire!department,!and! the!need!for!MPD!to!create!a!special!unit!with!dedicated!leadership!and!resources!specifically!focused!on!officer! recruitment!and!career!planning!and!development.!! ! Community%Perspectives%% Police%Officer%Perspectives%% DOJ%Report%Alignment% Provide!HR!and!Organizational! Management!training!to!FPC! members! ! Create!FPC!committee!to!oversee! department!recruitment!activities!and! to!help!with!officer!selection! ! Community!members!should!have! oversight!of!FPC!(to!keep!them! accountable)! ! MPD!culture!needs!topLdown!change.!! Incorporate!Community!Oriented! Policing!into!MPD!mission!and!vision! statemente!operationalize!it!so!it! permeates!into!MPD!practices!and! cultures! ! Review!of!use!of!force!reports!by! command!staff!(take!all!the!way!up!the! chain,!not!just!lieutenants)!! ! Create!recruitment!and!career! development!unit/department/section! within!department! Perspectives!related!to!MPD! organization,!management,!and!FPC! authority!directly!align!with!seven! DOJ!findings!and!recommendations:!! ! Chapter!3!L!Recruitment,!Hiring,!and! Personnel!Practices:!finding!1! regarding!a!high!level!and!resourced! diversity!and!inclusion!program!with! direct!access!to!Chief!of!Policee! finding!8!relating!to!the!development! of!an!organizational!plan!to!facilitate! career!advancement.!! ! Chapter!4!L!Community!Oriented! Policing!Practices:!findings!10!and!11! regarding!the!development!of!a! departmentLwide!community!policing! strategye!finding!13!relating!to!FPC! undertaking!a!review!of!MPD!policies! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 21! ! and!standard!operating!procedures.!! ! Chapter!7!L!Systems!for!Supervision,! Accountability,!Organizational! Learning,!Remediation,!and! Discipline:!findings!44!and!46! regarding!creating!a!new!independent! police!auditor!position!and! establishing!a!joint!MPDLFPC!Early! Intervention!Program!oversight! committee.!! ! ! ! ! % Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 22! ! Theme%7:%Officer%Promotion%and%Career%Development% ! Officer!promotion!and!career!development!refers!to!the!process!of!promoting!and!supporting!MPD!officer!career!planning! and!advancement.!Officer!promotion!and!career!development!was!described!as!an!important!reform!in!at!least!two!DOJ! draft!report!findings.!Based!on!our!analysis,!officer!promotion!and!career!development!perspectives!from!officers!focused! on!creating!consistent!standards!for!officer!rank!and!lateral!promotions!and!prioritizing!officer!career!planning!and! pathways!for!advancement.!Community!member!recommendations!focused!on!the!need!for!residents!to!be!involved!with! MPD!promotion!panel!processes.!! ! Community%Perspectives%% Police%Officer%Perspectives%% DOJ%Report%Alignment% Require!MPD!promotional!panels!to! Mandate!that!officer!promotion!only!be! Perspectives!related!to!officer! include!FPC!and!community!members! made!after!3L5!years!on!patrol!(for! promotion!and!career!development! rank!promotionse!officers!should!be! directly!align!with!two!DOJ!findings! assigned!to!patrol!districts!before! and!recommendations:! lateral!promotions!to!specialty!units)! ! ! Chapter!3!L!Recruitment,!Hiring,!and! Create!consistent!standards!for!rank! Personnel!Practices:!findings!7!and!8! promotions!above!lieutenants!and!for! relating!to!MPD!promotional!practices! specialty!units.!Nothing!exists!and! and!procedures,!and!the!development! therefore!process!and!standards!for! of!department!strategy!regarding! higher!promotions!are!not!consistent! officer!mentoring!and!career!planning.!! across!department! ! ! Create!a!career!planning!curriculum! that!correlates!with!FPC!promotional! examination!! ! Create!department!mentoring!program! as!part!of!career!development!plan!! % Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 23! ! Theme%8:%MPD%Recruitment%and%Hiring! ! Officer!recruitment!refers!to!the!ways!in!which!FPC!enlists!recruits!to!join!MPD’s!rank!and!file!and!civilian!workforce.! Recruitment!was!described!as!an!important!reform!in!five!DOJ!draft!report!findings.!Based!on!our!analysis,!perspectives! related!to!recruitment!consisted!of!the!need!for!MPD!to!prioritize!and!create!internal!recruitment!systems!and!capacity,!as! well!as!to!improve!coordination!with!the!FPC!to!strengthen!and!expand!recruitment!efforts.!Both!community!members!and! police!officers!raised!the!need!for!MPD!to!increase!the!number!of!fullLtime!recruiters!within!the!department!with!the!ability! to!engage!Milwaukee’s!diverse!communities.!! ! Community%Perspectives%% Police%Officer%Perspectives%% DOJ%Report%Alignment% Create!internal!recruitment!systems! ●! Create!a!recruitment! department!in!MPD! ! Community!outreach!&!involvement! ●! Engage!community!in!officer! recruitment!and!hiring! processes! ! Increase!access!to!jobs! ●! Incentivize!recruitment!and! hiring! ●! Promote!and!advertise!all!jobs! in!MPD!L!officer!and!civilian! posts!(only!officer!posts!are! advertised)! ●! Increase!number!of!recruiters! with!knowledge!and!connection! to!communities!of!color! Create!internal!recruitment!systems! ●! FPC!needs!a!robust,!active!and! ongoing!recruitment!strategy! (with!focus!on!recruiting!women! and!people!of!color)! ●! Create!MPD!recruitment! section/unit/department! ●! Hire!more!MPD!recruiters! (department!only!has!1e! recruiters!are!needed!for!both! officer!and!civilian!posts)!! ! Community!outreach!&!involvement! ●! Cast!a!wider!net!(target!high! schools,!colleges,!community! and!faithLbased!organizations,! LGBTQ!community)!! ! ! ! Perspectives!on!officer!recruitment! directly!align!with!five!DOJ!findings! and!recommendations:! ! Chapter!3!L!Recruitment,!Hiring,!and! Personnel!Practices:!findings!1,!2,!4,!5! and!6!regarding!FPC!and!MPD’s! current!examination!of!barriers!to! recruitment,!the!development!of!a! coordinated!strategic!plan!for! recruitment!and!hiring,!selection!of!and! professional!standards!for!MPD! recruiters,!and!the!development!of! mechanisms!to!include!community! input!in!MPD!recruitment,!selection! and!hiring!processes.!! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 24! ! Increase!access!to!jobs! ●! Incentivize!recruitment!and! hiring!(education!stipends!for! cadets,!tuition!reimbursement,! career!advancement!training)! ! Improve!coordination! ●! Strengthen!recruitment!efforts! between!MPD!and!FPC!! ! % Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 25! ! Theme%9:%MPD%Standard%Operating%Procedures! ! MPD!Standard!Operating!Procedures!(SOPs)!refer!to!the!codified!policies!and!procedures!that!guide!MPD!personnel!and! operations.!Needed!changes!or!additions!and!references!to!SOPs!were!described!in!22!DOJ!draft!report!findings!relating! to!promotional!practices,!critical!incidents,!community!policing!and!personnel!performance!measures,!early!intervention! program!practices!and!internal!affairs!investigations,!etc.!Our!analysis!revealed!that!the!general!sentiment!of!community! residents!is!that!SOPs!need!to!be!refined,!regularly!updated,!and!better!communicated!internally!and!externallye!existing! SOPs!need!to!be!enforced!and!MPD!and!FPC!should!prioritize!reviewing!and!auditing!MPD’s!adherence!to!SOPs! annually.!Community!member!participants!across!hub!conversations!specifically!raised!the!need!for!SOPs!to!clearly! define!processes!and!procedures!relating!to!officer!complaints,!use!of!force,!use!of!deadly!force,!traffic!and!pedestrian! stops,!and!public!release!of!officer!body!camera!audio/video.!!! ! Community%Perspectives%% Police%Officer%Perspectives%% DOJ%Report%Alignment% Amend!SOP!130!to!reflect!Milwaukee! status!as!a!Sanctuary!City!L!MPD! should!not!be!investigating! immigration!status! ! Create!SOP!that!clearly!defines!the! process,!standards!and!protocols!for! officer!complaints!from!community! and!their!investigation!by!MPD! internal!affairs!department!and! leadership! ! Ensure!MPD!officers,!staff!and! community!members!understand!all! existing,!new!and!changing!SOPs! ! Create!SOPs!that!clearly!define! Create!separate!procedures!and! distinguishing!standards!for!use!of! force!and!use!of!“deadly”!force! ! Create!SOP!clearly!defining!process! for!taking!and!reviewing!officer! complaints!and!for!what!required! investigation!(supervisors!have!too! much!discretion!for!what!is!and!is!not! investigated!for!MPD)!! Perspectives!on!MPD!Standard! Operating!Procedures!directly!aligned! with!22!DOJ!findings!and! recommendations:! ! Chapter!3!L!Recruitment,!Hiring,!and! Personnel!Practices:!finding!5! regarding!the!development!of!a!written! policy!related!to!MPD!recruiterse!and! finding!7!regarding!the!development!of! a!written!policy!related!to!officer! promotional!processes.!! ! Chapter!4!L!Community!Oriented! Policing!Practices:!findings!11!and!12! regarding!codifying!departmentLwide! community!oriented!policing!practicese! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 26! ! requirements!for!bodyLworn!camera! and!other!audio!and!video!recordings! of!officer!traffic!stops,!and!use!of!force! investigations!including!inclusion!of! recordings!of!officer!witnesses! ! Create!SOP!regarding!release!of! information!to!the!public!concerning! critical!incidents,!use!of!force!and!use! of!deadly!force!investigations!! ! Update!SOP!500!regarding!MPD! personnel!evaluation!to!include! mandatory!and!ongoing!psychological! evaluation!of!MPD!officers!starting! with!acceptance!to!police!academy.! and!finding!13!regarding!annual! review!of!MDD!policies!by!the!FPC.!! ! Chapter!5!L!Use!of!Force!and!Deadly! Force!Practices:!finding!18!regarding! the!updating!of!the!MPD!critical! incidents!SOP!including!role!of! Internal!Affairse!findings!19!and!20! regarding!the!updating!of!policies! related!to!video!evidence!collection!for! use!of!force!and!deadly!force! investigations!and!their!supervisory! reviewe!finding!26!regarding!the! updating!of!policies!related!to!officer! bodyLworn!camera!practicese!and! finding!32!regarding!the!development! of!a!policy!on!critical!incident! information!sharing!and!public!release.!! ! Chapter!6!L!Citizen!Stop!and!Search! Practices:!finding!34!regarding! modifying!policy!related!to!field! interviews!to!ensure!proper!oversight! and!accountabilitye!and!finding!35! regarding!establishing!a!policy! prohibiting!the!practice!of!“curbing”! individuals!during!traffic!stops.! ! Chapter!7!L!Systems!for!Supervision,! Accountability,!Organizational! Learning,!Remediation,!and!Discipline:! findings!37L43!regarding!policies!and! processes!related!to!community! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 27! ! complaints!of!MPD!officers!and!their! review!by!Internal!Affairs!to!ensure! appropriate!oversight!and! accountabilitye!findings!47!and!48! regarding!MPD!Early!Intervention! Program!standards!and!protocolse!and! finding!53!regarding!ensuring!MPD! personnel!understand!SOP!and!code! of!conduct!standards.!!! ! ! % Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 28! ! Theme%10:%State%and%Local%Laws%and%MPD%Budget! ! State!and!local!laws!and!budget!refers!to!the!laws!and!legislation!that!establish!policy!for!and!allocate!resources!to!MPD.! No!specific!findings!or!recommendations!in!the!DOJ!draft!report!directly!specify!budget!or!legislative!considerations.!Our! analysis!related!to!perspectives!on!changes!to!law!and!budget!did,!however,!reveal!an!interesting,!but!not!surprising! divergence!between!community!member!and!police!officer!hub!participants:!multiple!community!members!expressed! concerns!with!the!large!size!of!MPD’s!budget!compared!to!other!city!departments!and!services,!while!police!officers! expressed!concern!about!the!limited!resources!they!perceive!are!available!to!effectively!do!their!jobs!and!meet!the! demands!and!needs!of!residents.!! ! Community%Perspectives%% Police%Officer%Perspectives%% DOJ%Report%Alignment% City!and!MPD!budgets!should!include! resources!to!engage!grassroots!and! community!organizations!in! developing!and!implementing! equitable!practices,!standards!and! best!practices!! ! Reinstate!residency!laws!and!provide! monetary!incentives!for!officers!to!live! in!the!neighborhoods!they!serve! ! MPD/FPC!budgeting!for!job!marketing! ! Mayor!should!allocate!funds!for!FPC! to!conduct!annual!review!of!MPD! policies! ! City!has!money!to!pay!lawsuits!but!no! money!to!update!MPD!technology! State!laws!contradict!community! oriented!policing!strategies.!Lobby! state!to!change!laws! ! MPD!has!limited!resources! ! Most!if!not!all!DOJ!findings!and!related! recommendations!have!law!or!budget! implications! ! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 29! ! ! MPD’s!budget!is!too!big.!The!city! needs!to!prioritize!its!focus.!!!! ! % Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 30! ! Theme%11:%Training%and%Professional%Development% %! Officer!training!and!professional!development!refers!to!the!process!of!offering!professional!learning!opportunities!to!MPD! officers!and!staff.!Training!was!described!as!an!important!reform!in!17!DOJ!draft!report!findings.!Based!on!our!analysis,! perspectives!related!to!training!consisted!of!the!need!for!departmentLwide!trainings!for!all!rank!and!file!officers!in!the! areas!of!Community!Oriented!Policing!practices,!community!engagement,!cultural!bias/competency!and!mental!health.! Key!differences!between!community!and!police!officer!perspectives!on!training!revolved!primarily!around!who!required! training!and!what!specific!training!should!entail.!For!example,!community!members!focused!primarily!on!training!related!to! police!officer!implicit!bias!and!practices!during!police!stops.!! ! Community%Perspectives%% Police%Officer%Perspectives%% DOJ%Report%Alignment% Cultural!bias!and!mental!health! training! ●! Mandate!ongoing!and! departmentLwide!cultural! competency,!mental!health,! implicit!bias!and!antiLracism! training!for!all!officers!and! department!staff! ! Training!to!improve!practices!and! protocols! ●! Training!for!MPD!supervisors! and!Internal!Affairs!Department! on!officer!complaint,!use!of! force!and!early!intervention!! standards,!processes!and! investigation!protocols! ! ! Community!engagement!training! ●! Create!departmentLwide! training!on!Community!Oriented! Policing!(no!clear!or!consistent! definition!of!what!COP!is! across!department!L!i.e.!some! think!COP!is!limited!to! Community!Liaison!Officers,! when!talking!about!it! department!defers!to!CLOs)! ●! Institute!departmentLwide!police! professionalism!training!with! emphasis!on!“communication”! and!“public!service”! ! Training!to!improve!practices!and! protocols! ●! Create!standards!training!for! supervisors!and!Internal!Affairs! Officer!training!and!professional! development!perspectives!directly! align!with!17!DOJ!findings!and! recommendations:!! ! Chapter!3!L!Recruitment,!Hiring,!and! Personnel!Practices:!finding!8! regarding!the!integration!of!training! into!career!development!and! promotional!processes.!!! ! Chapter!4!L!Community!Oriented! Policing!Practices:!findings!11,!12!and! 14!regarding!providing!inLservice! training!for!all!MPD!personnel!on! community!oriented!policing! strategies,!procedural!justice,!and!fair! and!impartial!policing!practices.! ! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 31! ! Community!engagement!training! ●! Training!on!effective! community!engagement,! community!policing,! professionalism!and!customer! service!for!all!officers!and! department!staff! Department!(i.e.!consistent! standards!across!department! for!investigating!use!of!force,! officer!hiring,!and!promotion)! Chapter!5!L!Use!of!Force!and!Deadly! Force!Practices:!finding!15!regarding! continuing!MPD’s!commitment!to! providing!Crisis!Intervention!Team! (CIT)!training!to!and!ongoing!CIT! recertification!training!for!all!officerse! and!finding!16!regarding!the! development!of!formal!use!of!force! investigation!training!for!Internal! Affairs!supervisors!and!investigators.!!! ! Chapter!6!L!Citizen!Stop!and!Search! Practices:!finding!33!related!to! requiring!departmentLwide!training!on! fair!and!impartial!policing!and! procedural!justicee!finding!34! regarding!developing!a!training!bulletin! for!all!MPD!officers!relating!to!officer! field!interviewing!and!establishing! reasonable!suspicion!for!traffic!stops.! Moreover,!this!includes!supervisor! training!on!recognizing!officer!bias! trends!related!to!pedestrian!and! vehicle!stops!and!searches.! Additionally,!finding!35!related!to! training!on!how!to!safely!conduct! traffic!stops!and!appropriate! containment!of!individuals!to!mitigate! the!practice!of!“curbing”.!! ! ! ! ! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 32! ! Chapter!7!L!Systems!for!Supervision,! Accountability,!Organizational! Learning,!Remediation,!and!Discipline:! finding!38!regarding!ensuring!MPD! supervisors!are!trained!on!their! responsibilities!related!to!public! complaintse!finding!45!regarding!reL training!MPD!supervisory!personnel!in! disciplinary!processes!and!proper! application!of!the!department’s! Progressive!Discipline!Matrixe!finding! 47!regarding!training!MPD!supervisors! on!how!to!create!appropriate! intervention!plans,!report!and! document!actions!taken,!and!comply! with!EIP!processes!and!protocolse! finding!49!relating!to!ongoing!training! regarding!the!goals,!practice!and! outcomes!associated!with!the!MPD’s! Early!Intervention!Program!so!they’re! fully!known!and!supported! departmentLwidee!finding!53!regarding! incorporating!training!on!new!SOPs! and!code!of!conduct!standards!into! rank!and!file!rollLcall!sessionse!findings! 54!and!55!regarding!training!for!patrol! and!unit!sergeants!to!improve!twoLway! communication!between!command! staff!and!MPD!personnel,!specifically! as!it!relates!to!transparency!in!training! opportunitiese!and!finding!56!regarding! inLservice!training!for!all!MPD! personnel!related!to!MPD’s!data!use! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 33! ! and!operational!strategies!and! personnel!participation!in!CompStat! meetings.!!!! ! % Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 34! Discussion:)Historical)and)Contemporary)Contexts)of) Community7Police)Relations)in)Milwaukee,)WI) ! The!CCC’s!analysis!of!community!input!data!substantiate!a!disconnect!between!police! and!community!aspirations!for!what!reforms!are!required!to!achieve!the!kinds!of!police! and!community!relations!that!will!benefit!all!of!Milwaukee.!In!order!to!have!a! comprehensive!understanding!of!the!perspectives!and!recommendations!offered!by! community!residents!in!this!report,!a!historical!and!contextual!analysis!was!completed! by!Derute!and!Kairo!Communications!assessing!communityCpolice!relations!over!the! past!seventy!years.!This!analysis!provides!a!snapshot!of!six!key!findings:! ! 1.) Over!the!last!seventy!years,!MPD!administrations!have!operated!within!a! departmental!environment!that!has!sustained!systemic,!ingrained!racism!and! discrimination.!!! ! 2.) While!the!diversity!and!leadership!of!Police!Chiefs!Arreola,!Jones,!and!Hegerty! offered!new!approaches!and!strategies!to!improve!communityCpolice!relations! and!increase!the!accountability!of!the!MPD,!they!were!met!with!resistance!from! rank!and!file!officers!and!the!Milwaukee!Police!Association.!!! ! 3.) MPD’s!inability!to!effectively!address!issues!of!race!and!discrimination!reflects! the!enduring!issues!plaguing!the!broader!society,!in!general,!and!in!the!criminal! justice!system,!specifically.!Locally!and!nationally,!urban!communities!have!been! impacted!by!issues!of!excessive!use!of!force!by!the!police,!mass!incarceration,! racial!disparities!in!arrest!and!detention,!and!the!distrust!of!the!police!by!many!in! communities!of!color.!! !! 4.) While!currently!social!media!and!social!justice!advocates!have!brought!criminal! justice!issues!such!as!excessive!use!of!force!to!public!and!media!attention,!these! issues!are!not!new,!but!rather!have!their!foundation!in!longCterm,!unresolved! issues!of!racial!equity,!social!justice,!immigration,!poverty,!privilege,!and!power.! ! 5.) For!decades,!diverse!community!organizations,!residents,!and!activists!have! protested!perceived!social,!political!injustices!in!an!effort!to!force!government!to! implement!positive!change!through!culturally!responsive!policies!and!practices.!! These!key!stakeholders!have!often!initiated!programs!to!support!their! communities.!Often!these!voices!were!ignored,!dismissed,!or!delegitimizedO!their! efforts!do!not!receive!widespread!support!or!resources,!and!are!not!broadly! valued!by!government!or!mainstream!society.! ! 6.) All!of!these!factors!have!sustained!an!environment!of!communityCpolice!distrust! that!is!detrimental!to!the!health!and!prosperity!of!communities!of!color!and!the! entire!city.! ! ! ! ! Early)Race7Relations)in)Milwaukee) CommunityCpolice!relations!often!reflect!the!underlying!dynamics!of!society.!Initially!in! the!1850s,!Milwaukee!was!considered!by!many!to!be!a!community!that!welcomed!free! blacks!and!slaves.!By!the!1920s!when!Latinos!began!to!come!to!Milwaukee!for! opportunities,!many!white!citizens!feared!the!rise!in!the!population!of!people!of!color.!! While!the!labor!of!people!of!color!was!needed!during!World!War!I!and!World!War!II,! they!were!often!confined!to!living!in!segregated!housing,!attending!segregated!schools,! and!laboring!in!poor!working!conditions!and!the!lowest!paying!jobs.!As!the!population!of! people!of!color!increased!in!Milwaukee,!government!and!corporate!institutions! implemented!policies!to!contain,!segregate!and!control!people!of!color.!Local! government!partnered!with!real!estate!associations!specifically!to!segregate!African! Americans!and!oppose!scattered!public!housing!sites.!In!addition,!they!supported!urban! renewal!and!highway!construction!plans!that!demolished!Bronzeville,!a!prevalent! African!American!neighborhood!and!the!epicenter!of!Black!social!life!in!Milwaukee.!This! had!the!effect!of!destroying!Black!civic!and!community!infrastructure.!The!impacts! remain!today.! ! Key)MPD)Administrations! Initially,!political!patronage!was!rampant!in!the!Milwaukee!Police!Department!until!the! 1880s,!when!the!state!legislature!passed!a!law!creating!a!Fire!and!Police!Commission! (FPC)!to!insulate!police!appointments!from!political!influence.!However,!as!the!city!was! becoming!increasingly!racially!polarized!by!the!1950s,!Black!and!Brown!communities! were!becoming!acutely!aware!of!excessive!use!of!force,!discriminatory!actions!and! racist!remarks.!During!his!term,!Milwaukee!Police!Chief&John&Polcyn&(1945C1957)! recognized!the!need!to!implement!a!Police!Aide!Program!as!an!initiative!to!improve! race!relations.!Chief&Howard&Johnson&(1957C1964)!indicated!that!race!relations!were! at!the!boiling!point.!Racial!tensions!were!heightened!when!the!community!learned!of!a! police!coverCup!regarding!the!shooting!of!Daniel!Bell,!a!twentyCtwoCyearCold!Black!male! shot!in!the!back!running!from!the!police!on!a!traffic!violation.!Years!later!a!police!officer! admitted!the!truth!about!the!shooting.!Bell’s!family!sued!and!won!$1.8!million.!! ! The&Breier&Era&(1964<1984).&During!MPD!Chief!Harold!Breier’s!tenure,!many! leaders!and!organizations!in!the!communities!of!color!worked!to!lessen!the!negative! impact!of!community!issues.!The!Latino!community!and!the!NAACP!Youth!Council! marched!together!to!protest!employment!discrimination.!Vel!Phillips,!the!first!female!and! African!American!member!of!the!Milwaukee!Common!Council!introduced!the!first! ordinance!intended!to!oppose!this!discrimination.!Ultimately,!Vel!Phillips!introduced!this! legislation!three!more!times!over!the!next!six!years!before!they!were!adopted.!The! NAACP!Youth!Council,!led!by!Father!Groppi,!John!Givens!and!others!marched!for!200! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 36! ! consecutive!nights!demanding!fair!housing!reform.!Breier’s!confrontational!style!and! racialized!actions!and!language!in!response!strained!race!relations!and!created!a! climate!conducive!for!police!misconduct.!For!example,!during!the!open!housing! marches!in!support!of!Alderwoman!Phillips’!efforts,!Breier!ordered!all!officers!assigned! to!protect!the!NAACP!Youth!Council!not!to!wear!their!police!badges!so!that!they!could! not!be!identified!if!they!were!seen!committing!acts!of!excessive!use!of!force.!& ! After!a!march!on!the!second!day,!the!Youth!Council!returned!from!the!south!side!to! their!Freedom!House!which!caught!fire.!Many!Youth!Council!members!maintain!to!this! day!that!the!fire!was!started!when!hostile!police!officers!shot!a!tear!gas!canister!into!the! house.!The!police!prevented!fire!department!staff!from!coming!near!the!house!until!it! was!burned!beyond!repair!(University!of!WisconsinCMilwaukee,!2016).!It!was!only!after! the!assassination!of!Dr.!Martin!Luther!King,!Jr.!that!Congress!passed!a!national!fair! housing!law!and!the!Milwaukee!Common!Council!followed!with!its!own!ordinance!in! April!1968!that!tensions!eased,!but!irreversible!damage!to!race!and!communityCpolice! relations!were!sustained.!The!racial!divide!was!exacerbated!by!the!earlier!police! shootings!of!Clifford!McKissick!in!1967!and!the!questionable!inCpoliceCcustody!death!of! Ernest!Lacy!in!1981.!During!the!time!between,!police!were!known!to!arrest,!harass,!and! give!young!people!of!color!warrants!without!cause.!MPD!policies!suppressed! opportunities!for!people!of!color!and!women!under!Breier’s!tenure:! ! •! Blacks!and!Latinos!had!difficulty!joining!the!department.!Race!relations!were! strained!and!the!department!called!for!mandatory!height!restrictions!for!police! officers!which!unfairly!targeted!Latino!and!female!residents.! ! •! MPD!policy!and!practice!included!genderCbased!requirements:!women!could!only! be!between!24!to!34!years!of!age!to!join!the!police!force,!modestly!suited,!and! could!not!have!children!under!14!years!of!age.!Moreover,!gender!diversity!was! virtually!absent!in!police!ranks!because!of!systemic!sexism!within!the! department.!Not!having!cultural!or!gender!diversity!in!one!of!the!city’s!most! powerful!public!agencies!discouraged!building!cohesive!interethnic!and! interracial!relations!within!the!city.!! ! •! Black!and!Latino!communities!were!frustrated!and!tired!of!their!treatment!by! officers!on!the!street,!along!with!MPD’s!policies.!In!the!1960s!and!1970s,!there! was!a!general!sense!that!it!was!whites!against!blacks!and!increasingly! Milwaukee’s!other!communities!of!color.!The!power!of!the!department!in!the! dominant!white!community!created!an!untenable!situation!for!Latino!and!African! Americans.!In!many!ways,!the!unfair!treatment!galvanized!each!community!to! develop!campaigns!to!oust!the!chief.!The!two!communities!formed!the!“Retire! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 37! ! Breier!Coalition”!to!address!issues!of!excessive!use!of!force!and!discrimination! by!MPD!(La#Guardia#Newspaper).! ! •! Breier!received!enormous!support!in!the!community!and!from!workingCclass! whites!living!primarily!on!the!city’s!south!side!who!credited!him!with!making! Milwaukee!‘the!most!crime!free’!city!of!its!size!in!the!United!States.!They! celebrated!his!characterization!of!his!supporters!as!‘the#good#people#of# Milwaukee#who#buy#what#(we)#are#selling’!and!of!his!opponents!as!‘malcontents,# ultra@liberals#and#special#interest#groups’!(Snyder,!2002,!p.6).!Snyder’s!research! revealed!how!the!white!community!was!depicted!as!a!strong,!hardworking! community,!fully!supportive!of!Chief!Breier,!and!while!Chief!Breier!did!not! specifically!say!Black!or!Brown!people,!he!used!code!words!of!describing!Blacks! and!Latinos!as!a!special!interest!group.!Breier’s!failure!to!collaborate!with!all!the! city’s!residents,!especially!residents!of!color,!furthered!fostered!distrust!between! whites!and!Milwaukee’s!communities!of!color.!!! ! The!language!used!by!Chief!Breier!was!consistent!with!the!language!of!other!local!and! national!leaders!who!used!narratives!to!negatively!frame!BlackCAmericans!and!limit!the! government’s!role!and!responsibility!in!resolving!the!city’s!and!nation’s!problems!with! poverty,!crime!and!segregation.!These!narratives!provided!a!foundation!that! perpetuated!widespread!structural!racism,!negative!stereotyping,!and!the!maintenance! of!white!privilege.!These!narratives!continue!the!patterns!initiated!during!slavery,! sharecropping,!convict!leasing,!and!peonage!to!criminalize!people!of!color,!frame!them! as!inferior,!and!maintain!systems!of!oppression!in!America.!!! In!Milwaukee,!Mayor!Frank!Zeidler!assessed!the!problems!plaguing!the!city’s!“Inner! Core”!communities!and!cited!African!Americans!as!the!cause!of!those!problems!(The! Committee,!1960,!p.!2).!In!the!1960s,!these!views!connected!with!the!national!discourse! about!welfare,!the!role!of!culture!and!structural!issues!in!generating!inequality!in!Black! communities,!and!causal!factors!in!the!reproduction!of!generational!poverty.!In!1965,! Assistant!Secretary!of!Labor!Daniel!Patrick!Moynihan!released!a!report!called,!“The# Negro#Family:#The#Case#for#National#Action”.!The!‘Moynihan!Report’!acknowledged!the! effect!of!structural!racism!but!focused!on!the!cultural!descriptions!that!demeaned! African!Americans!and!characterized!the!Black!community!as!disorganized!and! dysfunctional.!!! Moynihan,!Zeidler,!and!Brier!pointed!to!perceived!deficiencies!of/within!the!Black! community!as!the!leading!causes!for!poverty!and!crime!rather!than!to!structural!racism,! allowing!for!the!continued!normalization!and!acceptance!of!racism!as!an!everyday!part! of!American!life.!The!chart!below!highlights!rhetoric!used!by!Moynihan!and!the!Zeidler! and!Breier!administrations!to!discuss!the!African!American!community.!This!rhetoric! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 38! ! contributed!to!the!sanctioning!of!both!federal!and!city!policies!and!practices!that! institutionally!codified!negative!perceptions!of!people!of!color.!Milwaukee,!like!many! other!urban!communities!across!the!United!States,!continues!to!operate!within!these! racial!frameworks!which!breed!systemic!injustice,!legitimizes!excessive!police!use!of! force,!and!fosters!a!segregated,!discriminatory!environment.! Figure)2:)Behavioral)or)Cultural)Framework)about)African)American)and)Latino) Populations) Moynihan)Administration) Dysfunctional!families,! disorganized!matriarchal! families,!breakdown!of!the! family,!ineffective!culture,! Black!male!behavior!as! “cocking!roosters”O!nonC marital!childbearing,!child! abandonment,!child!abuse,! tangle!of!pathology.!! Zeidler)Administration) Problem!families,!fragmented! families,!parenting!quality,! black!male!unemployment,! unwed!mothers,!blight,!singleC parent!families,!nonCcustodial! fathers,!welfare!recipients,! concentration!of!lowCincome! families,!Black’s!obstruction! of!police!! Breier)Administration) Malcontents,!ultraCliberal!and! special!interest!groups!were! code!words!used!to!describe! his!opponents!or!bad!people.! Described!black!students!as! criminals.!Characterized! citizens!who!opposed!his! leadership!as!members!of!the! Revolutionist!Communist! Party.! ! Partly!in!reaction!to!Breier’s!ironCclad!rule,!the!state!legislature!passed!a!law!in!1977! setting!term!limits!for!future!Police!Chiefs!in!Wisconsin.!This!law!did!not!apply!to!Breier! who!was!guaranteed!a!lifetime!tenure!by!previous!state!law![Chap.!586,!Secs!1C23! (1911)].!He!would!serve!as!MPD!Chief!for!twenty!years.!At!the!end!of!Breier’s!tenure!in! 1984,!Milwaukee’s!racial!climate!had!changed!from!one!accepting!of!people!of!color! and!diverse!cultures!in!the!late!1800s!and!early!1900s!to!one!where!racial!tension,! inequality,!and!segregation!was!the!norm!by!the!turn!of!the!century.!Milwaukee!has! experienced!significant!changes!to!MPD!leadership!following!the!Breier!era!with!varying! degrees!and!mixed!sentiments!on!the!extent!to!which!their!administrations!impacted! communityCpolice!relations!in!the!city.! ) Chief&Robert&Ziarnik!came!out!of!retirement!after!the!reign!of!Breier!to!serve!as!Chief! from!1984!to!1989.!His!service!to!the!Milwaukee!Police!Department!spanned!more!than! 35!years.!Major!achievements!during!Chief!Ziarnik’s!tenure!included!a!change!in!MPD! officer!uniforms,!establishment!of!a!citywide!Metropolitan!Division,!and!reduction!of!the! number!of!police!districts.!!! ! Chief&Philip&Arreola)succeeded!Ziarnik!and!was!the!first!Latino!American!to!become! Chief!of!Police.!He!was!the!first!MPD!chief!ever!hired!from!outside!of!department!ranks! and!served!from!1989!to!1996.!In!July!1995,!Police!Chief!Arreola!suspended!officers! John!Balcerzak!and!Joseph!Gabrish!for!handing!over!a!dazed,!teenage!Laotian!boy!to! Jeffrey!Dahmer!who!subsequently!killed!him.!The!incident!stoked!minority!and!gay! resentment!toward!the!police!department.!In!contrast,!these!suspensions!solidified! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 39! ! underlying!police!union!resentment!toward!Police!Chief!Arreola,!resulting!in!a!vote!of!no! confidence!in!Arreola!by!the!Milwaukee!Police!Association.!The!members!protested!the! suspensions!at!City!Hall!and!to!the!Fire!and!Police!Commission.!!! ! Chief!Arreola,!however,!is!credited!with!increasing!minority!recruitment!and!being!the! first!Chief!to!implement!“communityCoriented!policing”!starting!on!May!6,!1989!to! replace!Breier’s!1950s!model!of!incidentCdriven!law!enforcement!which!stressed!a! reactive!response!and!a!distant,!authoritarian!approach!to!police!work.!Arreola’s!model! was!a!more!active,!communityCfocused!policing!that!emphasized!problem!resolution,! assessing!the!causes!of!crime,!and!creating!strong!communityCpolice!partnerships!that! fostered!community!involvement.!Many!of!the!department’s!rank!and!file!however! opposed!key!elements!of!Arreola’s!communityCoriented!policing!approach,!such!as! higher!utilization!of!nonCpatrol!police!officers!on!the!street!and!creating!neighborhood! miniCstations.!! ! Chief&Arthur&Jones)became!Milwaukee's!first!African!American!Chief!of!Police!on! November!15,!1996!(until!2003).)Chief!Jones!implemented!the!"broken!windows"! philosophy!which!was!based!on!the!view!that!when!small!issues!of!crime!and!disorder! are!ignored!and!unresolved,!they!precipitate!bigger!problems.!With!this!initiative,!MPD! resources!were!directed!toward!reducing!crime!and!increasing!accountability!for!the! enforcement!of!the!city’s!laws!and!ordinances.!In!2003,!a!lawsuit!was!brought!against! the!Fire!and!Police!Commission!by!lieutenants!alleging!that!Chief!Jones!and!the!Fire! and!Police!Commission!had!discriminated!against!them!by!repeatedly!promoting! minority!and!female!officers!ahead!of!them.!During!Jones'!tenure,!about!80%!of! Milwaukee!police!lieutenants!were!white!men,!but!about!half!the!41!people!he!promoted! to!captain!were!minorities!or!women.!A!federal!jury!awarded!the!officers!$2.2!million!for! reverse!discrimination!(Sandler,!2007).!! ! Chief&Nan&Hegerty)was!sworn!in!as!the!Milwaukee's!first!female!Chief!of!Police!on! Nov.!19,!2003!(until!2007).!During!her!tenure,!Frank!Jude,!Jr.!was!beaten!by!offCduty! police!officers!outside!a!party!at!a!Bay!View!home.!Hegerty!fired!nine!officers,! suspended!three!and!demoted!one.!Members!of!the!Milwaukee!Police!Association!later! criticized!Hegerty!for!overzealous!internal!investigations!into!more!mundane!matters.!A! supportive!member!of!Chief!Hegerty,!thenCMilwaukee!County!Board!Chairman!Lee! Holloway!stated,!"We!also!need!to!reassess!the!level!of!criticism!that!was!unfairly! placed!on!Arthur!Jones!when!he!was!Chief!of!Police.!The!'code!of!silence'!discovered! during!the!trial!was!used!to!coverCup!the!police!beating!of!Frank!Jude,!Jr.!You!can't! operate!an!effective!police!department!in!that!type!of!situation.!Public!safety!is!one!of! the!most!important!functions!of!local!government”!(Olson,!2007).!! ! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 40! ! Chief&Edward&Flynn)became!chief!of!the!Milwaukee!Police!Department!on!January!7,! 2008!(until!2018).!A!national!leader!in!aggressiveCproactive!policing,!Flynn!was!heavily! influenced!by!the!Broken!Windows!Theory!of!the!1980s!which!indicated!that!signs!of! neighborhood!disorder!created!a!climate!for!crime.!He!incorporated!aggressive!use!of! traffic!stops!of!cars!with!possible!expired!licenses!and!equipment!violations!or!seatCbelt! violations!of!drivers!as!a!strategy!to!arrest!criminals.!Since!New!York!Police!Chief! William!J.!Bratton!introduced!an!approach!to!law!enforcement!that!utilized!a!CompStat! system!in!1994,!many!police!chiefs!including!Chief!Flynn!have!utilized!a!dataCdriven!law! enforcement!strategy!(Murphy!2015).!Flynn!restructured!MPD,!transitioning!from!a! patrolCbased!department!to!a!crime!prevention!focused!departmentO!many!detectives! were!reCassigned!into!districts!and!the!traditional!gang!and!vice!squads!were! dismantled.!The!Milwaukee!Police!Association,!the!union!representing!rankCandCfile! officers,!indicated!that!they!believed!Flynn’s!reorganization!and!reduction!in!detective! ranks!decreased!officer!effectiveness!(Murphy!2015).!! ! Flynn’s!view!that!crime!causes!poverty!ignited!robust!public!discussions!and!he!at!times! used!a!confrontational!style!when!communicating!this!with!the!public.!This!strained!his! relations!with!many!people!of!color!and!diluted!attempts!at!communityCpolice! collaborations.!One!resident!reflected!the!views!of!many!in!responding,!“Contrary#to# Flynn’s#thought#of#crime#leading#to#poverty,#poverty#is#caused#by#a#lack#of#jobs,#lack#of# access,#and#racism.#The#approach#a#community#selects#to#implement#change#or#reform# is#often#influenced#by#the#ideology#of#the#leader.”# ! Chief&Alfonso&Morales)currently!heads!MPD.!He!was!named!Interim!Police!Chief!on! February!15,!2018!following!the!retirement!of!Chief!Flynn,!and!appointed!permanent! chief!on!April!5,!2018!to!complete!the!remaining!two!years!of!Flynn’s!term!which!expires! in!2020.!Since!assuming!the!position!of!Chief,!Morales!has!embraced!a!communityC oriented!policing!strategy,!reassigned!more!police!to!work!in!neighborhoods,! discontinued!some!policies!initiated!by!Flynn!including!the!controversial,! unconstitutional!Stop!and!Frisk!policy,!and!has!appointed!the!largest!number!of!people! of!color!and!women!to!leadership!roles!within!MPD!to!date.!In!2020,!the!FPC!will!decide! whether!to!reappoint!Morales!to!a!full!term!as!Chief!of!Police.!!!!! ! Disproportionate)Impact)of)Criminal)Justice)Policies)on)People)of) Color! The!desire!of!people!of!color!to!realize!equality,!prosperity,!and!acceptance!in! mainstream!society!has!at!times!conflicted!with!the!intent!of!some!white!people!to! segregate,!confine,!and!control!people!of!color.!Aggressive,!at!times,!abusive!law! enforcement!strategies!and!the!criminalization!of!people!of!color!have!been!used!by! some!MPD!police!chiefs!and/or!police!officers!to!achieve!these!goals.!Over!time,!racial! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 41! ! disparities!increased,!excessive!use!of!force!continued!seemingly!unabated,!racial! tensions!grew,!and!communityCpolice!relations!deteriorated.!Milwaukee’s!ability!to! maintain!cohesive,!inclusive!coalitions!that!achieve!transformational!outcomes! impacting!communities!of!color!has!not!been!proven.!The!accumulation!of!racialized! policies!and!practices!in!the!criminal!justice!system!have!resulted!in!a!severely! disproportionate!impact!on!African!Americans,!Latinos!and!other!nonCwhite!members!of! the!community.!! ! Governmental!policies!and!practices!that!led!to!mass!incarceration!of!Black!and!Brown! men,!women!and!children!and!that!have!fueled!the!dramatic!increase!in!Wisconsin’s! prison!populations!over!the!last!thirty!years!include:! ! ●! Increased!government!funding!for!drug!enforcement!(rather!than!treatment)!and! prison!construction!! ●! ThreeCstrike!rules! ●! Mandatory!minimum!sentence!laws! ●! TruthCinCsentencing!replacing!judicial!discretion!in!setting!punishments! ●! Concentrated!policing!in!minority!communities! ●! State!incarceration!for!minor!probation!and!supervision!violations! ! These!policies!have!led!to,!among!other!negative!impacts,!the!following!realities:! ! ●! A!heavy!concentration!of!released!inmates!and!currently!incarcerated!adults! coming!from!the!poorest!neighborhoods!on!Milwaukee’s!north!side!and!near! south!side.!! ●! More!than!half!of!Milwaukee!County’s!African!American!men!in!their!30s!and!half! of!those!in!their!early!40s!having!served!time!in!state!prison4.!! ●! As!of!the!2010!Census,!a!Wisconsin!Black!male!incarceration!rate!that!is!the! highest!in!the!country!(12.8%)!and!roughly!double!the!national!average!for!the! same!demographic,!while!the!state’s!white!male!incarceration!rate!is!1.2%,!about! the!national!average!for!white!men.! ●! Wisconsin!also!leads!the!nation!in!incarceration)of!Native!American!men,!with! 7.6%!of!working!age!men)(or!1!in!13)!in!state!prisons!and!local!jails!in!2010,! compared!to!3.1%!(or!1!in!32)!nationally.! ●! Of!youth!committed!to!juvenile!correctional!facilities,!60%!are!from!Milwaukee! County!and!90%!of!those!youth!are!African!American.!This!is!in!stark!contrast!to! the!10%!Black!youth!make!up!of!Wisconsin’s!total!youth!population.!White!youth! on!the!other!hand!make!up!76%!of!the!youth!population!in!the!country!but!only! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! 4 !Wisconsin’s!Mass!Incarceration!of!African!American!Males:!Workforce!Challenges!of!2013.!John!Pawasarat!and!Lois!M.!Quinn!at! UWCMilwaukee’s!Employment!and!Training!Institute.!2013.!! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 42! ! 1%!of!incarcerated!youth!in!2013.!African!American!youth!are!19!times!more! likely!than!white!youth!to!be!incarcerated,!the!5th!highest!youth!confinement!rate! in!the!nation5.!! ) Police)Misconduct)and)Excessive)Use)of)Force) History!demonstrates!and!residents!confirm!that!Milwaukee!continues!to!be!challenged! by!racial!disparities,!hyperCsegregation,!and!poor!communityCpolice!relations.!The! community’s!transition!to!a!majorityCminority!population!has!not!changed!the! composition!of!the!city’s!power!structure.!These!longCterm!factors!have!a!cumulative! effect,!creating!tense!dynamics!that!serve!as!barriers!to!achieving!meaningful!change! within!the!Milwaukee!Police!Department.!! ! In!2014,!those!dynamics!were!on!full!display!and!the!city’s!racial!divide!and!strain!on! communityCpolice!relations!were!further!frayed!by!an!incident!of!excessive!police!use!of! force!CC!the!killing!of!Dontre!Hamilton!by!a!MPD!officer.!Similar!to!citizen!reaction!to!the! shooting!of!men!of!color!by!police!in!many!other!urban!centers,!this!incident!became!a! tipping!point!where!racial!tensions!boiled!over!and!it!particularly!heightened!awareness! of!the!use!of!excessive!police!force!with!a!person!with!a!mental!illness.!At!the!time,!the! police!officer!involved!in!the!shooting!claimed!that!he!was!unaware!of!any!mental!health! issues!and!recalled!his!life!being!threatened!because!the!suspect!reached!for!his!baton.! Hamilton’s!death!called!into!question!the!excessive!use!of!police!power!and!has!served! as!a!catalyst!for!protest!and!possible!MPD!reform.!The!Hamilton!family!called!for!and! has!since!helped!lead!numerous!social!justice!efforts!commemorating!Dontre’s!life.!In! 2017,!the!family!was!awarded!a!$2.3!million!lawsuit!for!damages!by!the!MPD.! ! While!the!list!below!is!not!comprehensive,!it!recaps!many!other!incidents!of!excessive! use!of!force!and!misconduct!by!MPD!police!officers!over!the!last!sixty!years!and!the! police!chiefs!they!happened!under.!It!suggests!that!mistrust!and!police!bias!have!been! embedded!into!MPD!over!decades,!supported!by!a!code!of!silence!and!internal!conflict! both!within!the!department!as!well!as!among!those!in!top!leadership!in!city!government.! ! Figure)3):)Milwaukee)Police)Chiefs)of)Police)and)Lawsuits! Year! Chief)of)Police! Incidents)of)Police)Misconduct) Results)and) regarding)People)of)Color! Settlements! 1945!–!57! John!Polcyn! ! ! 1957!–!64! Howard!Johnson! Daniel!Bell!Death!(1958)! $!1.8!million! 1964!–!84! Harold!Breier! Clifford!McKissick!Death!(1967)! ! Ernest!Lacy!Death!(1981)! $!600,000! Curtis!Harris!Battery!(1983)! $!3!million! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! 5 !“Unbalanced!Juvenile!Justice,”!W.!Haywood!Burns!Institute!for!Juvenile!Justice!Fairness!and!Equity,!accessed!March!13,!2017,! http://data.burnsinstitute.org.! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 43! ! 1984!–!89! Robert!Ziarnik!! 1989!–!96! Phillip!Arreola! 1996!–!00! Arthur!Jones! 2003!–!07! Nannette! Hegerty! 2008!–!18! Edward!Flynn! 2018! & Alfonso!Morales! ! Konerak!Sinthasomphone!Death! (1995)! Chaunte!Ott!Wrongful!Imprisonment! (1995)! ! ! $!850,000! ! $6.5!million! William!Avery!Wrongful!Imprisonment! (2005)! Frank!Jude,!Jr.!Battery!and!CoverCup! (2006)! Illegal!Strip!Searches!(6!plaintiffs,! 2007C2012)! Derek!Williams!Death!(2011)! Dontre!Hamilton!Death!(2014)!! Sylville!K.!Smith!Death!(2016)! Jerry!Smith,!Jr.!Death!(2017)! Rafael!Rosales!Battery!and!CoverCup! (2017)! Profiling!Stop!and!Frisk!(74!plaintiffs,! 2018)! Sterling!Brown!Battery!(2018)! ! Total)#)Individual)Cases:)15) Total)#)Class)Action)Lawsuits:)2))))) $!1!million! ! $!2!million! ! $!5.5!million! ! Lawsuit!Pending! $!2.3!million! Lawsuit!Pending! Lawsuit!Pending! Lawsuit!Pending! ! $!6!million! ! Lawsuit!Pending!! ! Total) settlements) paid:)) $29,550,000! Note:#The#costs#of#police#misconduct#to#the#city#goes#far#beyond#the#cost#of#settlements#paid#to#plaintiffsK#costs#also# include#payments#to#the#plaintiffs’#attorneys#and#payments#to#law#firms#hired#to#represent#the#city.#A#recent#example,# the#City#paid#$1.5#million#for#a#law#firm#to#defend#it#against#the#illegal#strip#search#lawsuit.# # The!inability!of!MPD!to!reduce!incidents!of!excessive!use!of!force!and!misconduct!is! reflective!of!the!City!of!Milwaukee’s!failure!to!institute!remedies!that!address!structural! issues,!reduce!racial!disparities,!and!create!a!climate!of!community!cohesiveness,! stability,!and!wellCbeing.!The!fact!Milwaukee!is!hyperCsegregated!(the!most!raciallyC segregated!metropolitan!in!the!nation!as!reported!by!numerous!research!and!media! outlets!first!cited!in!1987!and!consistently!again!since!2013)!with!the!worst!racial! disparities!in!the!nation!is!well!documented.!As!Milwaukee’s!population!becomes!more! racially!and!ethnically!diverse,!the!effect!of!adverse!institutional!policies!and!individual! actions!is!evident!in!the!areas!of!the!city!where!people!of!color!reside.!These!areas! combined!comprise!an!overCpoliced,!overCsurveilled!and!segregated!zone!of! disinvestment!and!concentrated!poverty!within!the!city’s!boundaries.!The!longCterm! failure!of!the!City!of!Milwaukee!to!effectively!build!a!strong,!positive!relationship!with!the! community!has!eroded!public!trust!in!the!police!department,!and!to!some!degree,!city! government!as!a!whole.! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 44! ! ! Internal!city!dynamics!impact!the!level!of!cohesiveness!and!coordination!necessary!to! achieve!quality!MPD!reforms.!To!be!successful,!the!Mayor,!Common!Council,!Police! Chief!and!rank!and!file!officers,!the!Milwaukee!Police!Association!and!FPC!must!work! with!citizens!to!address!the!longCstanding!interconnected!challenges!of!poverty!and! race!relations,!excessive!use!of!force,!crime!reduction!and!criminal!justice!system! reform.!The!current!political!climate,!however,!has!reflected!fractured!relationships! between!the!community!and!key!actors!charged!with!ensuring!public!safety.!The!history! of!police!misconduct!and!the!disproportionate!confinement!of!men!of!color!and!the! inhumane!legal!policies!toward!individuals!in!police!custody!and!in!correctional!facilities! continue!to!dilute!public!confidence.!Examples!of!this!include:! ! •! The!impacts!of!Milwaukee!County!Sheriff!David!Clarke’s!tenure!and!his!handling! of!the!deaths!of!inmates!in!County!jail!facilities!reinforced!public!distrust!of!law! enforcement.! •! The!impacts!of!the!fractured!relationship!between!the!FPC!and!Former!Police! Chief!Flynn!and!the!abrupt!resignation!of!FPC!Executive!Director!MaryNell! Regan!in!2018!at!the!request!of!the!Mayor.! •! The!community’s!opposition!to!the!Mayor’s!appointment!of!retired!police!officer! William!Gielow!to!the!FPC.!! •! The!negative!perception!of!the!Black!community!regarding!the!District!Attorney’s! decision!not!to!charge!police!offices!in!several!shootings!of!Black!men.! •! The!residual!effect!of!Sheriff!Clark!and!Chief!Flynn’s!confrontational!styles!and! inflammatory!rhetoric.!! •! The!division!on!the!city’s!Common!Council!Public!Safety!and!Health!Committee.! •! The!Common!Council’s!call!for!the!Chief!of!Police!to!be!elected.!! ) Positive)Forward)Direction! While!MPD’s!relationship!with!communities!of!color!have!been!strained,!Chief!Flynn’s! request!for!the!U.S.!Department!of!Justice!to!assess!MPD!created!an!opportunity!for! positive!change.!The!creation!of!MKECR!and!the!CCC!by!the!Milwaukee!Common! Council!after!the!DOJ!review’s!abrupt!and!incomplete!conclusion!showed!government! and!community!coalescing!around!a!critical!community!issue.!Numerous!local!catalysts! have!demonstrated!how!grassroots!and!communityCbased!organizations!working!in! concert!with!government!can!impact!the!criminal!justice!system.!Examples!include!the! preceding!and!continued!work!of!the!African!American!Roundtable!who!engaged!the! Southside!Organizing!Center!to!include!the!experiences!of!Milwaukee’s!south!side!and! Latino!communitiesO!the!parallel!work!of!Voces!de!la!Frontera!urging!the!MPD!and!FPC! not!to!adopt!changes!to!MPD!standard!operating!procedures!regarding!“sanctuary”! policyO!and!the!American!Civil!Liberties!Union!(ACLU)!of!Wisconsin!successfully! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 45! ! mounting!a!class!action!lawsuit!resulting!in!a!binding!mediation!agreement!between!its! plaintiffs!and!the!MPD!for!unconstitutional!stopCandCfrisk!practices.!While!positive! change!is!possible,!it!is!not!guaranteed.!Much!more!work!must!be!done!to!ensure!public! safety,!quality!policing,!racial!equality,!and!strong!communityCpolice!relations.! ! ! Conclusion) ) While!the!MKECR!and!CCC!have!great!potential!and!the!confidence!of!the!community! and!some!city!leaders!to!impact!change,!Milwaukee!has!a!long!trackCrecord!of!wellC intentioned!endeavors!that!have!failed!to!increase!racial!equity!and!that!have!served!to! reinforce!the!status!quo.!Concerns!regarding!the!collective!abilities!of!the!MKECR!and! the!CCC,!communityCled!efforts!and!even!the!impacts!of!ACLU’s!lawsuit!settlement!to! achieve!MPD!reforms!center!on!whether!there!is!a!strong!consensus!between!city! government!and!community!residents!regarding!the!viability!of!potential!changes,! whether!proposed!changes!are!incremental!or!substantial,!and!whether!the!political!will! exists!to!resource,!support!and!sustain!the!long!term!changes!needed.!Under! Wisconsin!law!and!Milwaukee’s!City!Charter,!the!FPC!oversees!all!aspects!of!MPD! operations,!setting!overall!policy,!while!the!Chief!of!Police!manages!daily!operations,! implementing!the!FPC’s!policy!direction!and!goals.!Ultimately,!the!FPC!and!MPD!will!be! responsible!for!ensuring!reforms!and!implementing!the!recommendations!of!the!CCC.!! ! The!city!has!an!opportunity!to!take!bold!steps!to!achieve!meaningful,!positive!change.! This!boldness!must!embrace!the!critical!need!for!culturally!responsive!practices!given! the!lingering!effect!of!racial!tensions!started!during!Chief!Breier’s!tenure!and!the! remnants!that!have!carried!through!subsequent!MPD!administrations.!These!tensions! will!continue!to!exist!under!Chief!Morales!if!City!of!Milwaukee!leaders!and!residents! together!are!unwilling!to!confront!and!counter!the!city’s!history!of!misguided!and!poorly! executed!attempts!to!improve!race!and!communityCpolice!relations.!Culturally! responsive!institutions!assess!their!inclusiveness,!representation!and!relationship!with! the!communities!they!serve!by!ensuring!authentic!engagement,!culturally!responsive! services,!appropriate!governance!structures,!power!dynamics,!human!resources! practices,!linguistic!accessibility,!and!cultural!norms.!! ! Through!this!process,!community!voices!have!been!centered!and!the!lived!experiences! of!Milwaukee!residents!have!been!elevated.!A!commitment!from!MPD!and!the!FPC!to! continue!partnering!with!residents!and!elevating!their!solutions!can!produce!much! needed!positive!change.!If!that!is!the!true!intent!of!city!leaders,!the!outlook!and!future! for!the!City!of!Milwaukee!is!bright.!! ) Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 46! ! CCC)Recommendations) ! It!is!clear!that!the!history!and!context!explored!in!the!previous!section!supports!the!need! for!careful!attention!to!community!input.!With!that!in!mind,!the!CCC!reviewed!the! frequency!of!how!many!times!each!of!the!11!themes!came!up!in!community!input!data! collected!from!the!hub!notes,!surveys,!and!MKECR!online!portal.!From!the!frequency,! the!CCC!prioritized!four!groupings!of!themes!to!create!policy!and!practice! recommendations.!The!following!recommendations!address!the!top!two!groups!of! themes.!The!remaining!two!groups!will!be!addressed!in!the!CCC’s!next!cycle!of!work.!!! Overall&recommendation:)The!detailed!implications!and!recommendations! found!in!the!DOJ’s!findings!must!be!responded!to!in!addition!to!the!following! recommendations!from!the!CCC.!When!recommendations!are!not!met!it!will! result!in!performance!issues.) ! CCC)Recommendation)#1) THEME! POLICY! Community) Engagement)) (Theme#2,#raised# 141#times#in# community#input# data)! FPC!should!create!a! Community!Oriented! Policing!(COP)!policy.!! PRACTICE! CCC!will!continue!with!grassroots! members,!community!engagement! and!accountability!on!the!findings! from!the!DOJ’s!draft!report!and!CCC! report!with!measurable!outcomes.! ! Ensure!the!COP!policy!spans!across! every!theme.!! ! CCC)Recommendation)#2) THEME! Training)and) Professional) Development) (Theme#11,#raised# 112#times#in# community#input# data)! POLICY! PRACTICE! The!FPC’s!COP! policy!will!be! integrated!into!training! and!professional! development! opportunities!as! identified!in!the!DOJ! draft!report!and!CCC! report.! ! There!must!be!transparency!with! training!curriculum!and! trainers.!Training!should!be!culturally! responsive!and!be!evaluated.! Ineffective!training!should!be! identified!and!changed!or!corrected.! Training!curriculum,!trainers!and! evaluators!should!include!community! members!agreed!upon!in! collaboration!with!the!CCC.!When! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 47! ! MPD!officers!will! make!a!mandatory! annual!visit!to!a! counselor,!chaplain,! or!psychologist!with! voluntary!access!to! offered!resources.!! recommendations!are!not!met,!it!will! result!in!performance!issues.!! !! CCC)Recommendation)#3) THEME! MPD) Standard) Operating) Procedures) (SOPs))! (Theme#8,# raised#92# times#in# community# input#data)! POLICY! PRACTICE! Prioritize!SOPs!under!the!ACLU’s! agreement:!SOPs!085,!300,!440,! 450,!730,!747!&!990O!and!CCC! mentioned!SOPs!130,!500!&!570.! Referring!to!SOP!130,!the! language!recommendations!of! Voces!de!la!Frontera!should!be! used.!Amend!language!in!SOP! 747!replacing!the!word!shall#with! the!word!must.!In!reference!to! SOP!570,!Body!Worn!Camera! videos!must!be!made!public!within! two!weeks!of!critical!incidents.! FPC!should!enforce!and! conduct!an!annual!audit!on! MPS!Operations!and!SOPs.! All!changes!since!2016!must! incorporate!community! engagement,!in!agreement! with!the!CCC,!and!include! education!outside!of!regular! FPC!meetings!for!community! residents!and!MPD! personnel.! ) CCC)Recommendation)#4) ! THEME! POLICY! MPD)Recruitment) and)Hiring) (Theme#7,#raised# 79#times#in# community#input# data)! Those!involved!in!the!development! and!implementation!of!MPD’s! recruitment!and!hiring!systems!must! be!culturally!competent,!diverse,!and! demonstrate!successful!community! relationships.!Recruits!and!staff!must! exhibit!cultural!competency!reflective! of!the!City!of!Milwaukee!and! demonstrate!leadership!to!implement! COP!policy.!! PRACTICE! Update!background! review!criteria!that! may!be!barriers!to! employment!for! historically! marginalized! communities.!!! ! Research!Findings:!Full!Content!Report!of!the!Milwaukee!Collaborative!Community!Committee!April!2019!!!!!! ! 48! Appendix(1(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( Community)Perspectives)Aligned)to)U.S.)DOJ)Draft)Report)Chapters) Chapter(3( Recruitment,+Hiring+and+Personnel+ Practices( Increase)racial)and)gender)diversity)in)police)department)) ●) Increase)racial)and)gender)diversity)in)officer)and)civilian)posts)across) department)(comparative)to)city)demographics))) ●) Increase)representation)of)officers)of)color)in)high)patrol)districts/areas) ●) Increase)people)of)color)in)lieutenant)ranks)and)other)supervisory)level) posts)with)vast)discretion) ●) Increase)female)recruits)into)police)academy)and)their)overall) representation)in)department) ●) Increase)LGBTQ)recruits)into)police)academy)and)as)candidates)into) department) ) Alleviate)procedural)barriers)to)diversity) ●) Update)background,)psychological)and)selection)processes.)Current) processes)pose)barriers)that)exclude)people)of)color)from)getting)into) the)department) ) Community)outreach)and)involvement)in)hiring)and)recruitment)processes) ●) Engage)community)members)in)officer)recruitment)and)hiring)processes) ●) Engage)community)in)developing)community)policing)and)officer) evaluation)standards) ●) Require)MPD)promotional)panels)to)include)FPC)and)community) members) ●) Create)mechanism)for)community)input)regarding)officer)recruitment)and) hiring)(i.e.)include)citizens)on)officer)selection)panels)) ) Collect,)analyze)&)report)data)to)monitor)hiring)&)recruitment) ●) Hiring)data)and)analysis)(collect,)analyze)and)report)demographic)data) of)the)people)applying)for)and)receiving)jobs)in)department)) ) ) Create)internal)recruitment)systems) ●) Create)recruitment)and)career)development)unit/department/section) within)department) ●) Require)MPD)promotional)panels)to)include)FPC)and)community) members) ●) Cast)a)wider)net)(target)high)schools,)colleges,)community)and)faith\ based)organizations,)LGBTQ)community))) ●) FPC)needs)a)robust,)active)and)ongoing)recruitment)strategy)(with)focus) on)recruiting)women)and)people)of)color)) ●) Create)MPD)recruitment)section/unit/department) ●) Hire)more)MPD)recruiters)(department)only)has)1])recruiters)are)needed) for)both)officer)and)civilian)posts)recruitment))) ) Increase)access)to)jobs) ●) Incentivize)recruitment)and)hiring)(education)stipends)for)cadets,)tuition) reimbursement,)career)advancement)training)) ●) Promote)and)advertise)all)jobs)in)MPD)\)officer)and)civilian)posts)(only) officer)posts)are)advertised)) ●) Increase)number)of)recruiters)with)knowledge)and)connection)to) communities)of)color) ) Improve)coordination) ●) Strengthen)recruitment)efforts)between)MPD)and)FPC) ●) Create)FPC)committee)to)oversee)department)recruitment)activities)and) to)help)with)officer)selection) ) Officer)promotion)and)advancement) ●) Mandate)that)officer)promotion)only)be)made)after)3\5)years)on)patrol) (for)rank)promotions])officers)should)be)assigned)to)patrol)districts) before)lateral)promotions)to)specialty)units)) ●) Create)consistent)standards)for)rank)promotions)above)lieutenants)and) for)specialty)units.)Nothing)exists)and)therefore)process)and)standards) for)higher)promotions)are)not)consistent)across)department) Research)Findings:)Full)Content)Report)of)the)Milwaukee)Collaborative)Community)Committee)April)2019)))))) ) 50) ) ●) Create)a)career)planning)curriculum)that)correlates)with)FPC) promotional)examination.)) ●) Create)department)mentoring)program)as)part)of)career)development) and)advancement)planning) ) Officer)assessment) ●) Require)and)conduct)annual)psychological)assessments) ●) Update)SOP)500)regarding)MPD)personnel)evaluation)to)include) mandatory)and)ongoing)psychological)evaluation)of)MPD)officer)starting) with)acceptance)to)police)academy) ●) Regular)assessment)of)officer)complaints,)use)of)force,)traffic)stops)and) community)engagement)activities) ●) Create)professional)development)program)for)officers)with)benchmarks) for)performance)and)promotion) ) MPD)budget) ●) Allocate)budget)resources)for)MPD/FPC)job)marketing) Chapter(4( Community+Oriented+Policing+ Practices( Institutionalize)Community)Oriented)Policing) ●) Incorporate)Community)Oriented)Policing)into)MPD)mission)and)vision) ●) Operationalize)Community)Oriented)Policing)principles)so)it)permeates) into)MPD)practices)and)cultures) ) Increase)non\patrol)community)engagement) ●) Mandate)officers)spend)a)certain)amount)of)“non\patrol)community) engagement”)hours)participating)in)community)events)and)activities) ●) Create)more)opportunities)and)venues)for)exchange)of)dialogue) between)MPD)and)community) ) Identify)ways)to)improve)trust)between)department)and)community) ●) Seeing)officers)interact)with)community)members)without)uniforms)on)or) patrolling\only)is)less)threatening.)It)will)increase)trust)and)help) build/improve)relations.) Research)Findings:)Full)Content)Report)of)the)Milwaukee)Collaborative)Community)Committee)April)2019)))))) ) 51) ) Community)engagement)training) ●) Training)on)effective)community)engagement,)community)policing,) professionalism)and)customer)service)for)all)officers)and)department) staff) ●) Create)department\wide)training)on)Community)Oriented)Policing)(no) clear)or)consistent)definition)of)what)COP)is)across)department)\)i.e.) some)think)COP)is)limited)to)Community)Liaison)Officers,)when)talking) about)it)department)defers)to)CLOs)) ) Change)state)laws) ●) State)laws)contradict)community)oriented)policing)strategies) ●) Lobby)state)to)change)laws) ●) Reinstate)residency)laws) ) MPD)budget)(community)oriented)policing)) ●) City)and)MPD)budget)should)include)resources)to)engage)grassroots) and)community)organizations)in)developing)and)implementing)equitable) practices,)standards)and)best)practices)) ●) Provide)monetary)incentives)for)officers)to)live)in)the)neighborhoods) they)serve) Chapter(5( Collect,)analyze)and)report)data)on)use)of)force) Use+of+Force+and+Use+of+Deadly+Force+ ●) Disaggregate)complaints)and)use)of)force)data) Practices( ) Training)to)improve)standards,)practices)and)protocols) ●) Training)for)MPD)supervisors)and)Internal)Affairs)Department)on)officer) complaint,)use)of)force)and)early)intervention)standards)and) investigation)protocols) ) Create)and)enforce)Standard)Operating)Procedures)regarding)use)of)force)and) deadly)force)protocols) ●) Create)SOP)that)clearly)defines)requirements)for)body)worn)cameras) and)other)audio)and)video)recordings)of)officer)traffic)stops)and)use)of) Research)Findings:)Full)Content)Report)of)the)Milwaukee)Collaborative)Community)Committee)April)2019)))))) ) 52) ) force)investigations)including)inclusion)of)recordings)of)officer)witnesses) ●) Create)SOP)regarding)release)of)information)to)the)public)concerning) critical)incidents,)use)of)force)and)use)of)deadly)force)investigations)) ●) Create)separate)procedures)and)distinguishing)standards)for)use)of) force)and)use)of)“deadly”)force) ●) Require)review)of)use)of)force)reports)by)command)staff)(take)all)the) way)up)the)chain,)not)just)lieutenants))) Chapter(6( Citizen+Search+and+Stop+Practices( Collect,)analyze)and)report)data)on)stops)and)arrests) ●) Disaggregate)complaints)and)stop)and)arrest)data) ) Training)to)improve)standards,)practices)and)protocols) ●) Training)for)MPD)supervisors)and)Internal)Affairs)Department)on)officer) complaint)search,)stop)and)early)intervention)standards)and) investigation)protocols) Chapter(7( Oversight)of)internal)processes,)complaints)and)policing)practices) Systems+for+Supervision,+ ●) Community)oversight)of)department)recruitment)and)officer)hiring,) Accountability,+Organizational+ promotion)and)evaluation) Learning,+Remediation,+and+Discipline( ●) Community)oversight)of)officer)complaints,)community)policing)practices) and)use)of)force)investigations) ) Oversight)of)the)Fire)&)Police)Commission) ●) Community)oversight)of)Fire)&)Police)Commission)(to)hold)them) accountable)) ) Cultural)bias)and)mental)health)training) ●) Mandate)ongoing)and)department\wide)cultural)competency,)mental) health,)implicit)bias)and)anti\racism)training)for)all)officers)and) department)staff) ) Training)to)improve)standards,)practices)and)protocols) Research)Findings:)Full)Content)Report)of)the)Milwaukee)Collaborative)Community)Committee)April)2019)))))) ) 53) ) ●) Training)for)MPD)supervisors)and)Internal)Affairs)Department)on)officer) complaint,)use)of)force)and)early)intervention)standards,)processes)and) investigation)protocols) ●) Create)standards)training)for)supervisors)and)Internal)Affairs) Department)(i.e.)consistent)standards)across)department)for) investigating)use)of)force,)officer)hiring)and)promotion)) ●) Institute)department\wide)police)professionalism)training)with)emphasis) on)“communication”)and)“public)service”) ●) Provide)HR)and)Organizational)Management)training)to)FPC)members) ) Clarify,)refine,)clearly)communicate)and)enforce)Standard)Operating) Procedures) ●) Create)SOP)that)clearly)defines)the)process,)standards)and)protocols)for) officer)complaints)from)community)and)their)investigation)by)MPD) internal)affairs)department)and)leadership) ●) Ensure)MPD)officers,)staff)and)community)members)understand)all) existing,)new)and)changing)SOPs) ●) Create)SOP)clearly)defining)process)for)taking)and)reviewing)officer) complaints)and)for)what)required)investigation)(supervisors)have)too) much)discretion)for)what)is)and)is)not)investigated)for)MPD)) ●) Amend)SOP)130)to)reflect)Milwaukee)status)as)a)Sanctuary)City)\)MPD) should)not)be)investigating)immigration)status) ) MPD)budget) ●) Allocated)funds)for)FPC)to)conduct)annual)review)of)MPD)policies) ( ( ) ( Research)Findings:)Full)Content)Report)of)the)Milwaukee)Collaborative)Community)Committee)April)2019)))))) ) 54) ) Appendix(2( Topical)Themes)Aligned)to)U.S.)DOJ)Draft)Report)Chapter)Findings) Civilian(Oversight( Community(and(police(officer(perspectives(related(to(civilian(oversight(directly(aligned( with(four(DOJ(findings(and(recommendations:( ) Chapter)3:)Recruitment,)Hiring)and)Personnel)Practices) Finding)6)regarding)the)development)of)a)MPD)officer)recruitment,)hiring)and)retention) advisory)council)and)a)police)applicant)interview)board)comprised)of)community)stakeholders.) ) Chapter)4:)Community)Oriented)Policing)Practices) Finding)10)relating)to)an)independent)community)advisory)board)to)provide)the)Chief)of)Police) input)on)MPD)operations.) ) Chapter)6:)Citizen)Search)and)Stop)Practices) Finding)33)regarding)engaging)an)independent)evaluator)to)measure)community)impacts)of) MPD)traffic)enforcement.) ) Chapter)7:)Systems)for)Supervision,)Accountability,)Organizational)Learning,)Remediation) and)Discipline) Finding)44)regarding)the)creation)of)an)independent)police)auditor.) ) Community(Engagement( Community(and(police(officer(perspectives(related(to(community(engagement(directly( aligned(with(three(DOJ(findings(and(recommendations:( ) Chapter)3:)Recruitment,)Hiring,)and)Personnel)Practices) Finding)6)regarding)mechanisms)to)increase)community)involvement)in)MPD)officer) recruitment)and)hiring.) Research)Findings:)Full)Content)Report)of)the)Milwaukee)Collaborative)Community)Committee)April)2019)))))) ) 55) ) ) Chapter)4:)Community)Oriented)Policing)Practices) Finding)10)regarding)community)engagement)through)an)independent)community)advisory) board)to)provide)input)to)Chief)of)Police)on)MPD)operations.) ) Chapter)5:)Use)of)Force)and)Use)of)Deadly)Force)Practices) Finding)30)relating)to)community)input)regarding)public)FPC)reports)on)MPD.) ) Data(Collection(and(Analysis( Community(and(police(officer(perspectives(related(to(data(collection(and(analysis( directly(align(with(14(DOJ(findings(and(recommendations:(( ) Chapter)4:)Community)Oriented)Policing)Practices) Finding)14)regarding)evaluation)of)MPD)enforcement)activities)and)their)collateral)damage)on) community)trust)and)legitimacy,)conducting)community)surveys)to)measure)the)public’s) attitudes)toward)MPD)and)officers,)and)MPD’s)continued)commitment)to)release)policing)data) to)the)public.) ) Chapter)5:)Use)of)Force)and)Deadly)Force)Practices) Findings)19,)21,)22,)27,)28)and)29)regarding)the)collection,)documentation,)review,) management)and)reporting)of)video)evidence)and)the)inclusion)of)involved)officer) administrative)interviews)and)history)in)use)of)force)and)use)of)deadly)force)investigations.) ) Chapter)6:)Citizen)Stop)and)Search)Practices) Findings)33\35)regarding)the)collection,)analysis)and)reporting)of)traffic)stop)enforcement) data.) ) Chapter)7:)Systems)for)Supervision,)Accountability,)Organizational)Learning,)Remediation,) and)Discipline) Finding)42)regarding)the)analysis)of)trends,)patterns)and)other)issues)associated)with)MPD) officer)complaint)data,)and)findings)45\47)relating)to)evaluation)of)MPD’s)disciplinary)matrix) and)Early)Intervention)Program.)) ) Research)Findings:)Full)Content)Report)of)the)Milwaukee)Collaborative)Community)Committee)April)2019)))))) ) 56) ) Diversity(in(MPD( Community(and(police(officer(perspectives(related(to(diversity(in(MPD(directly(align( with(one(DOJ(finding(and(related(recommendations:(( ) Chapter)3:)Recruitment,)Hiring,)and)Personnel)Practices) Finding)1)regarding)the)creation)of)a)strategic)MPD)diversity)and)inclusion)plan.) ) Evaluation(of(Officer(Performance( Community(and(police(officer(perspectives(related(to(evaluation(of(officer(performance( directly(align(with(five(DOJ(findings(and(recommendations:( ) Chapter)3:)Recruitment,)Hiring,)and)Personnel)Practices) Finding)3)regarding)conducting)an)MPD)job)task)analysis,)and)finding)8)regarding)the) examination)of)job)performance)outcomes)as)part)of)MPD)career)development)planning.) ) Chapter)4:)Community)Oriented)Policing)Practices) Finding)11)relating)to)updating)MPD’s)employee)performance)appraisal)process)to)include) community)policing)measures.) ) Chapter)7:)Systems)for)Supervision,)Accountability,)Organizational)Learning,)Remediation,) and)Discipline) Finding)47)regarding)the)addition)of)performance)indicators)to)MPD’s)Employee)Intervention) Program,)and)finding)52)regarding)acknowledgement)for)good)behavior)and)job)performance.) ) MPD(Organization,(Management,( Community(and(police(officer(perspectives(related(to(MPD(organization,(management,( and(FPC(Administrative(Authority( and(FPC(authority(directly(align(with(seven(DOJ(findings(and(recommendations:(( ) Chapter)3:)Recruitment,)Hiring,)and)Personnel)Practices) Finding)1)regarding)a)high)level)and)resourced)diversity)and)inclusion)program)with)direct) access)to)the)Chief)of)Police,)finding)8)relating)to)the)development)of)an)organizational)plan) to)facilitate)career)advancement.)) ) Chapter)4:)Community)Oriented)Policing)Practices) Research)Findings:)Full)Content)Report)of)the)Milwaukee)Collaborative)Community)Committee)April)2019)))))) ) 57) ) Findings)10)and)11)regarding)the)development)of)a)department\wide)community)policing) strategy,)finding)13)relating)to)FPC)undertaking)a)review)of)MPD)policies)and)standard) operating)procedures.)) ) Chapter)7:)Systems)for)Supervision,)Accountability,)Organizational)Learning,)Remediation,) and)Discipline) Findings)44)and)46)regarding)creating)a)new)independent)police)auditor)position)and) establishing)a)joint)MPD\FPC)Early)Intervention)Program)oversight)committee.)) ) MPD(Recruitment(and(Hiring( Community(and(police(officer(perspectives(related(to(officer(recruitment(and(hiring( directly(align(with(five(DOJ(findings(and(recommendations:( ) Chapter)3:)Recruitment,)Hiring,)and)Personnel)Practices) Findings)1,)2,)4,)5)and)6)regarding)FPC)and)MPD’s)current)examination)of)barriers)to) recruitment,)the)development)of)a)coordinated)strategic)plan)for)recruitment)and)hiring,) selection)of)and)professional)standards)for)MPD)recruiters,)and)the)development)of) mechanisms)to)include)community)input)in)MPD)recruitment,)selection)and)hiring)processes.) ) MPD(Standard(Operating( Procedures((SOPs)( Community(and(police(officer(perspectives(related(to(MPD(Standard(Operating( Procedures(directly(aligned(with(22(DOJ(findings(and(recommendations:( ) Chapter)3:)Recruitment,)Hiring,)and)Personnel)Practices) Finding)5)regarding)the)development)of)a)written)policy)related)to)MPD)recruiters)and)finding) 7)regarding)the)development)of)a)written)policy)related)to)officer)promotional)processes.)) ) Chapter)4:)Community)Oriented)Policing)Practices) Findings)11)and)12)regarding)codifying)department\wide)community)oriented)policing) practices,)and)finding)13)regarding)annual)review)of)MPD)policies)by)the)FPC.)) ) Chapter)5:)Use)of)Force)and)Deadly)Force)Practices) Finding)18)regarding)the)updating)of)the)MPD)critical)incident)SOP)including)role)of)Internal) Research)Findings:)Full)Content)Report)of)the)Milwaukee)Collaborative)Community)Committee)April)2019)))))) ) 58) ) Affairs,)findings)19)and)20)regarding)the)updating)of)policies)related)to)video)evidence) collection)for)use)of)force)and)deadly)force)investigations)and)their)supervisory)review,)finding) 26)regarding)the)updating)of)policies)related)to)officer)body\worn)camera)practices,)and) finding)32)regarding)the)development)of)a)policy)on)critical)incident)information)sharing)and) public)release.)) ) Chapter)6:)Citizen)Stop)and)Search)Practices) Finding)34)regarding)modifying)policy)related)to)field)interviews)to)ensure)proper)oversight) and)accountability,)and)finding)35)regarding)establishing)a)policy)prohibiting)the)practice)of) “curbing”)individuals)during)traffic)stops.) ) Chapter)7:)Systems)for)Supervision,)Accountability,)Organizational)Learning,)Remediation,) and)Discipline) Findings)37\43)regarding)policies)and)processes)related)to)community)complaints)of)MPD) officers)and)their)review)by)Internal)Affairs)to)ensure)appropriate)oversight)and)accountability,) findings)47)and)48)regarding)MPD)Early)Intervention)Program)standards)and)protocols,)and) finding)53)regarding)ensuring)MPD)personnel)understand)SOP)and)code)of)conduct) standards.) ) Officer(Promotion(and(Career( Development( Community(and(police(officer(perspectives(related(to(officer(promotion(and(career( development(directly(align(with(two(DOJ(findings(and(recommendations:( ) Chapter)3:)Recruitment,)Hiring,)and)Personnel)Practices) Findings)7)and)8)relating)to)MPD)promotional)practices)and)procedures,)and)the)development) of)department)strategy)regarding)officer)mentoring)and)career)planning.) )) State(and(Local(Laws(and(MPD( Budget( While)community)and)police)officer)hub)participants)offered)perspectives)related)to)state)and) local)laws)and)MPD)budget,)they)are)not)directly)mentioned)in)the)DOJ)draft)report’s)findings) and)recommendations.)Most)if)not)all)have)law)or)budget)implications.) ) Research)Findings:)Full)Content)Report)of)the)Milwaukee)Collaborative)Community)Committee)April)2019)))))) ) 59) ) Training(and(Professional( Development( Community(and(police(officer(perspectives(related(to(training(and(professional( development(directly(align(with(17(DOJ(findings(and(recommendations:(( ) Chapter)3:)Recruitment,)Hiring,)and)Personnel)Practices) Finding)8)regarding)the)integration)of)training)into)career)development)and)promotional) processes.))) ) Chapter)4:)Community)Oriented)Policing)Practices) Findings)11,)12)and)14)regarding)providing)in\service)training)for)all)MPD)personnel)on) community)oriented)policing)strategies,)procedural)justice,)and)fair)and)impartial)policing) practices.) ) Chapter)5:)Use)of)Force)and)Deadly)Force)Practices) Finding)15)regarding)continuing)MPD’s)commitment)to)providing)Crisis)Intervention)Team) (CIT))training)to)and)ongoing)CIT)recertification)training)for)all)officers,)and)finding)16) regarding)the)development)of)formal)use)of)force)investigation)training)for)Internal)Affairs) supervisors)and)investigators.))) ) Chapter)6:)Citizen)Stop)and)Search)Practices) Finding)33)related)to)requiring)department\wide)training)on)fair)and)impartial)policing)and) procedural)justice,)finding)34)regarding)developing)a)training)bulletin)for)all)MPD)officers) relating)to)officer)field)interviewing)and)establishing)reasonable)suspicion)for)traffic)stops)and) training)for)supervisors)on)recognizing)trends)and)patterns)of)officer)bias)related)to)pedestrian) and)vehicle)stops)and)searches,)and)finding)35)related)to)training)on)how)to)safely)conduct) traffic)stops)and)appropriate)containment)of)individuals)to)mitigate)the)practice)of)“curbing”.)) ) Chapter)7:)Systems)for)Supervision,)Accountability,)Organizational)Learning,)Remediation,) and)Discipline) Finding)38)regarding)ensuring)MPD)supervisors)are)trained)on)their)responsibilities)related)to) public)complaints,)finding)45)regarding)re\training)MPD)supervisory)personnel)in)disciplinary) processes)and)proper)application)of)the)department’s)Progressive)Discipline)Matrix,)finding) 47)regarding)training)MPD)supervisors)on)how)to)create)appropriate)intervention)plan,)report) and)document)actions)taken,)and)compliance)with)EIP)processes)and)protocols,)finding)49) Research)Findings:)Full)Content)Report)of)the)Milwaukee)Collaborative)Community)Committee)April)2019)))))) ) 60) ) relating)to)ongoing)training)regarding)the)goals,)practice)and)outcomes)associated)with)the) MPD’s)Early)Intervention)Program)so)they’re)fully)known)and)supported)department\wide,)) finding)53)regarding)incorporating)training)on)new)SOPs)and)code)of)conduct)standards)into) rank)and)file)roll\call)sessions,)finding)54)and)55)regarding)training)for)patrol)and)unit) sergeants)to)improve)two\way)communication)between)command)staff)and)MPD)personnel,) specifically)as)it)relates)to)transparency)in)training)opportunities,)and)finding)56)regarding)in\ service)training)for)all)MPD)personnel)related)to)MPD’s)data)use)and)operational)strategies) and)personnel)participation)in)CompStat)meetings.)) ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Research)Findings:)Full)Content)Report)of)the)Milwaukee)Collaborative)Community)Committee)April)2019)))))) ) 61) ) Appendix(3(( Contextual)References) ( WEBSITES( ) ACLU)website.)ACLU)Challenges)Milwaukee)Police)Department’s)Unconstitutional)Stop)and)Frisk)Program)Conducted) Without)Reasonable)Suspicion)and)Based)on)Racial)Profiling.)Retrieved)from)https://www.aclu.org/news/aclu\ challenges\milwaukee\police.( ) City)of)Milwaukee.)Arthur)L.)Jones)1996)\2003.))Retrieved)from)https://city.milwaukee.gov/Directory/police/About\ MPD/Chief/Arthur\L.\Jones\1996\\\2003.htm.) ) City)of)Milwaukee.)Robert)Ziarnik)1984\1989.)Retrieved)from)https://city.milwaukee.gov/Directory/police/About\ MPD/Chief/Robert\Ziarnik\1984\1989.htm) ) City)of)Milwaukee.)Harold)Breier)1964)–)1984.)Retrieved)from)https://city.milwaukee.gov/Directory/police/About\ MPD/Chief/Harold\Breier\1964\1984.htm) ) City)of)Milwaukee)–)Milwaukee)Police)Department)History)(2018).)Retrieved)from) https://city.milwaukee.gov/Directory/police/About\MPD/History.htm)\).XD6nYc9KhhC)+ ) Innocence)Project.)Time)Served:))5)Years.)Retrieved)from)https://www.innocenceproject.org/cases/william\d\avery/) ) On)Milwaukee.)Police)Chief)Hegerty's)resignation)causes)reverberations)Retrieved)from) https://onmilwaukee.com/buzz/articles/hegertyresigns.html.+ ) Cop)in)the)Hood.)Moskos,)P.)"We've)got)to)get)beyond)the)finger)pointing)that)does)nothing)except)to)de)police)at)risk) communities.")(2017,)February)27).)Retrieved)from)http://www.copinthehood.com/2017/02/milwaukee\police\chief\ edward\flynn.html) ) Encyclopedia)of)Milwaukee)–)Milwaukee)Police)Department.)Retrieved)from)https://emke.uwm.edu/entry/milwaukee4 police4department/) Research)Findings:)Full)Content)Report)of)the)Milwaukee)Collaborative)Community)Committee)April)2019)))))) ) 62) ) ) Estate)of)Sinthasomphone)v.)City)of)Milwaukee,)878)F.)Supp.)147)(1995).)Retrieved)from) https://www.ravellaw.com/opinions/cc526f3ae9f524fd7a47af4ee534b221.) ) Lawyers)and)Settlements)–)Milwaukee,)Wisconsin.))Retrieved)from) https://www.lawyersandsettlements.com/settlements/08773/police\discrimination.html) ) Bell)v.)City)of)Milwaukee)–)Case)498)F.)Supp.)1339)(1980).))Retrieved)from) https://www.leagle.com/decision/19801837498fsupp133911632) ) Milwaukee)Public)Library)–)Milwaukee)Police)Chief)Philip)Arreola.)Retrieved)from) http://www.mpl.org/blog/now/milwaukee\police\chief\philip\arreola) ) New)York)Times.))Milwaukee)Officers)Dismissed)((1991,)September)7).)Retrieved)from) https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/07/us/milwaukee\officers\dismissed.html) ) Sports)Illustrated.)“NBA:)Inside)Sterling)Brown’s)Compelling)Lawsuit)Against)Milwaukee)and)City's)Police)Department.”) (2018,)June)18).)Retrieved)from)https://www.si.com/nba/2018/06/19/milwaukee\bucks\sterling\brown\police\ department\city.) ) Urban)Milwaukee.)Murphy,)B.)“Does)“Broken)Windows”)Theory)Hurt)Milwaukee?))Retrieved)from)) )https://urbanmilwaukee.com/2015/01/29/murphys\law\does\broken\windows\theory\hurt\milwaukee/) ) UWM)–)March)on)Milwaukee.)The)Long)March)to)Freedom:)Fifty)years)later,)200)nights)of)open)housing)marches)still) resonate)in)Milwaukee.)Retrieved)from)http://milwaukeenns.org/open\housing/index.php) ) ( BOOKS( ( ) Mayor’s)Study)Committee)on)Social)Problems)in)the)Inner)Core)Area)of)the)City.))Final)) ( Report)to)the)Honorable)Frank)P.)Zeidler,)Mayor.)City)of)Milwaukee.)April)1960.) ) Gurda,)John.)(2000))The)Making)of)Milwaukee.)Milwaukee)County)Historical)Society.) ) Moynihan,)D.)P.)(1965).)The+negro+family:+The+case+for+national+action.))United)States)Department)of)Labor.) Research)Findings:)Full)Content)Report)of)the)Milwaukee)Collaborative)Community)Committee)April)2019)))))) ) 63) ) ( NEWSPAPER(ARTCILES( ) ) “Committee)for)Democratic)Police,”)(1970s).)Retire)Breier)Ad.)La+Guardia.+ + Crowe,)K)and)Lutheran,)A.)“The)cost)of)police)misconduct)in)Milwaukee:)$21)million)–)and)growing.”)(2017,)October,25)) Milwaukee+Journal+Sentinel.))) ) “2)Officers)Fired)for)Leaving)Boy)with)Dahmer)(1991,)September)7).)Los+Angeles+Times.)) ) Diedrich,)J.)“Federal)lawsuit)filed)by)Sylville)Smith's)family)alleges)history)of)officer's)misconduct.”)(2017,)June)21).) Milwaukee+Journal+Sentinel.+ ) Dobish,)A.)“A)Farewell)to)the)Good)People,”)(1974,)April)2).)The+Milwaukee+Journal.) ) Rummler,)G.)C.)“Residents)Keep)Allegiance)to)Breier,)Survey)Finds,”)(1984,)April)5).)The+Milwaukee+Journal.+ ) Sandler,)L.)“Council)approves)$2)million)Jude)settlement.”)(2012,)February)28).)Journal+Sentinel.) ) Spicuzza,)M.)“Milwaukee)Common)Council)approves)$2.3)million)settlement)for)Dontre)Hamilton’s)son.)(2017,)May)31).) Milwaukee+Journal+Sentinel.)) ) Vielmetti,)B.)“Brutality,)attempted)coverup)alleged)in)latest)civil)rights)lawsuit)against)Milwaukee)police.)(2019,)January) 24).)Milwaukee+Journal+Sentinel.)) Vielmetti,)B.)Milwaukee)to)pay)$6.5)million)to)man)cleared)after)13)years)in)prison.)(2015,)March)31).))Milwaukee+ Journal+Sentinel.+ ) ( DISSERTATIONS( ( Blanks,)Deborah)Clements,)(2018))"Project(Central(Voice:)Assessing)the)Congruency)Between)African)American) Perspectives)and)the)City)of)Milwaukee's)Community)Development)Block)Grant)Practices")PhD)Dissertation,)University) of)Wisconsin\Milwaukee.(( ) Research)Findings:)Full)Content)Report)of)the)Milwaukee)Collaborative)Community)Committee)April)2019)))))) ) 64) ) Najera,)P.)T.,)&)Sziarto,)K.)(2018).))‘We)were)the)Outsiders)and)Treated)as)Such:’)Community)Activism)anthe) Intersections)of)Ethnicity,)Gender,)Class,)and)Race)Among)Latinas)in)Milwaukee,)PhD)Dissertation,)University)of) Wisconsin\Milwaukee.) ) Snyder,)R.)H.,)&)Gordon,)M.)(2002).)“Chief)for)life:)Harold)Breier)and)his)era,”)PhD)Dissertation,)University)of)) Wisconsin\Milwaukee.) ( REFERENCED(MPD(STANDARD(OPERATING(PROCEDURES( ( SOPs(under(ALCU(Agreement:( •) SOP:085:–:CITIZEN)CONTACTS,)FIELD)INTERVIEWS,)SEARCH)AND)SEIZURE: •) SOP:300:–:DIRECTED)PATROL)MISSIONS: •) SOP:440:–:EARLY)INTERVENTION)PROGRAM: •) SOP:450:–:PERSONNEL)INVESTIGATIONS: •) SOP:730:–:MOBILE)DIGITAL)VIDEO)/)AUDIO)RECORDNG)EQUIPMENT: •) SOP:747:–:BODY)WORN)CAMERAS: •) SOP:990:–:INSPECTIONS: CCC(and(Community[Mentioned(SOPs:( •) SOP)130)–)FOREIGN)NATIONALS,)DIPLOMATIC)IMMUNITY,)IMMIGRATION)ENFORCEMENT) •) SOP)500)–)PERSONNEL)EVALUATIONS) •) SOP:570:–:PUBLIC)INFORMATION)POLICY) ( ( ( Research)Findings:)Full)Content)Report)of)the)Milwaukee)Collaborative)Community)Committee)April)2019)))))) ) 65) ) Appendix(4( Milwaukee)Community)Hub)Profiles( Community(Hub(hosts(/(hub(notes( Community(Hubs(profile(/( participants( DOJ(draft(report(chapters(reviewed( African)American)Round)Table) (AART))+ Hosted)four)community)hub) Chapters)3,)4,)5,)6,)7) conversations)during)two)town)hall) meetings)in)November)and)December) 2017)attended)by)mostly)African) Americans.)Additionally)gathered) community)input)from)an)online)survey) preceding)MKERC)online)portal.)Town) hall)participants)and)survey) respondents)included)older)community) members,)students,)FPC)staff,)retired) police)officers,)retired)and)working)age) City)of)Milwaukee)residents.) Boys)&)Girls)Clubs)(BGC)) Daniels\Mardak)Branch)(first)hub),) Daniels\Mardak)Branch)(second)hub),) Mary)Ryan)Branch,)Pieper\Hillside) Branch) Hosted)four)community)hub) conversations)across)three)BGC)club) sites)in)partnership)with)Milwaukee) Public)Schools.)All)participants)were) African)American)teens)between)13\ 18)years)old.) Hmong)American)Women's) Association)(HAWA)) Hosted)one)bilingual) Chapter)4) (English/Burmese))community)hub) conversation)attended)by)Hmong)men) and)women,)primarily)refugees)living) in)Milwaukee.) Chapter)4) Research)Findings:)Full)Content)Report)of)the)Milwaukee)Collaborative)Community)Committee)April)2019)))))) ) 66) ) League)of)Martin) Hosted)one)community)hub) conversation)attended)by)currently) employed)and)retired)African) American)officers)in)MPD) Chapter)3) League)of)United)Latin)American) Citizens)(LULAC))) Hosted)one)community)hub) conversation)attended)by)mostly) Latina)women)and)Spanish\speaking) parents.) Chapter)3,)5,)6) Metcalfe)Park)Community)Bridges) Association)and)Dominican)Center) Hosted)five)small)group)community) Chapters)3,)4,)5,)6,)7) hub)conversations)attended)by)African) American)residents)living)in) Milwaukee’s)Imani)and)Metcalfe) neighborhoods.) Milwaukee)Inner\city)Churches)Allied) for)Hope)(MICAH),)National) Association)for)the)Advancement)of) Colored)People)(NAACP))Milwaukee) Chapter)and)Felmer’s)Cheney) Advisory)Council) Hosted)seven)small)group)community) hub)conversations)attended)by)some) older)white)but)mostly)African) Americans)residents.) Milwaukee)County)Office)of)African) American)Affairs)(OAAA))) Hosted)two)small)group)community) Chapter)4) hub)conversations)attended)mostly)by) African)American)residents.) Milwaukee)Law)Enforcement)Alliance) of)Pride)(MLEAP)) Hosted)one)community)hub) conversation)attended)by)currently) employed)LGBTQ+)officers)in)MPD.) Milwaukee)Police)Department))) Hosted)one)community)hub) Chapters)3,)4,)5,)6,)7) conversation)attended)mostly)by)MPD) Chapters)3,)4,)5) Chapters)3,)4,)7) Research)Findings:)Full)Content)Report)of)the)Milwaukee)Collaborative)Community)Committee)April)2019)))))) ) 67) ) lieutenants,)supervisors)and)command) staff.) Safe)&)Sound) Hosted)five)small)group)community) Chapter)3,)4,)5,)6,)7) hub)conversations)attend)by)a)few) young)but)mostly)middle\aged)African) American)residents)and)some)white) residents.) Southside)Organizing)Center)(SOC)+ Hosted)eight)bilingual) (English/Spanish))small)group) community)hub)conversations) attended)mostly)by)residents)living)on) Milwaukee’s)south)side.)Hub) conversations)centered)on)domestic) violence)survivors)and)offenders])at\ risk)youth])and)south)side)Business) Improvement)District)(BID))and) resident)associations.)Many) participants)identified)as)immigrants) and)as)having)strong)connections)to) faith)communities.)Half)of)participants) identified)as)white,)45%)Latino,)and) 5%)African)American.)) Chapters)3,)5,)6,)7) Voces)de)la)Frontera) Hosted)one)bilingual) (English/Spanish))community)hub) conversation)mostly)attended)by) Latino,)immigrant)and)undocumented) residents)living)in)Milwaukee.) Chapters)3,)4,)5,)6,)7) WestCare)Wisconsin) Hosted)three)small)group)community) hub)conversations.)All)participants) Chapter)4) Research)Findings:)Full)Content)Report)of)the)Milwaukee)Collaborative)Community)Committee)April)2019)))))) ) 68) ) were)young)adult)African)Americans) between)16\24)years)old.) Wisconsin)Voices)and)African) American)Round)Table) Co\hosted)one)community)hub) Chapter)5) conversation)attended)by)City)of) Milwaukee)Youth)Council)members) and)high)school\age)African)American) teens.) ) ) ) ) )) ) )) ) ) ) ( Research)Findings:)Full)Content)Report)of)the)Milwaukee)Collaborative)Community)Committee)April)2019)))))) ) 69) ) Appendix(5( U.S.)DOJ)Draft)Report)Chapters)and)Findings)on)Milwaukee)Police)Department( DOJ(Draft(Report(Chapters( DOJ(Findings(/(link(to(Recommendations( Chapter)3:)Recruitment,)Hiring)and)Personnel) Practices) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Chapter)4:)Community)Oriented)Policing) ) ) ) ) 1.) MPD)does)not)have)a)racial,)ethnic,)and)gender)diversity) composition)through)all)ranks)and)components)that)is) reflective)of)the)community)it)serves.) 2.) Neither)MPD)nor)FPC)has)a)strategic)plan)for)recruiting) and)hiring.) 3.) FPC)has)not)completed)a)job)task)analysis)for)the) position)of)police)officer)since)2007.) 4.) Information)on)hiring)for)MPD)is)not)available)to)the) public)on)a)consistent)basis.) 5.) MPD)and)FPC)recruitment)programs)lack)professional) standards.) 6.) FPC)and)MPD)do)not)have)a)mechanism)for)external) input)from)the)community)regarding)the)recruitment)and) hiring)of)MPD)officers.) 7.) Promotional)practices)for)MPD)lack)written)procedures) 8.) MPD)does)not)have)career)development)planning)for) officers)wh.)aspire)to)be)promoted)or)selected)for)a) special)assignment.) 9.+ The+draft+report+skips+the+number+9+ 10.+MPD)does)not)have)a)formal,)Department\wide)strategy) that)guides)officers,)supervisors,)and)commanders)in)its) community)building)efforts.+ 11.)MPD)does)not)hold)all)members)of)the)Department) accountable)for)engaging)in)community)policy)activities.) Research)Findings:)Full)Content)Report)of)the)Milwaukee)Collaborative)Community)Committee)April)2019)))))) ) 70) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Chapter)5:)Use)of)Force)and)Deadly)Force)Practices) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 12.)MPD)members)generally)do)not)understand)their)roles)in) community)policing)and)rely)on)Community)Liaison) Officers)(CLO))to)engage)in)community)policing) activities.) 13.)FPC)has)not)consistently)reviewed)policies)annually)as) required)pursuant)to)Wisconsin)law.) 14.)Community)surveys)indicate)a)gap)in)trust)between)white) and)non\white)residents)in)Milwaukee) 15.)MPD)has)undertaken)a)commitment)to)provide)all)MPD) officers)Crisis)Intervention)Team)(CIT))training.) 16.)There)is)no)formal)training)for)Internal)Affairs)Division) (IAD))supervisors)and)investigators)on)how)to)conduct) use)of)force)investigations.) 17.)MPD)does)not)have)specific)guidelines)for)conducting) use)of)force)investigations,)specifically)how) investigations)are)conducted,)what)evidence)should)be) collected,)and)which)supporting)materials)are)gathered.) 18.)IAD)investigations)of)critical)incidents)are)too)passive,)as) investigators)mostly)rely)on)criminal)investigators)to) collect)the)appropriate)information)for)an)administrative) review.) 19.)Documentation,)collection)and)marking)of)video)evidence) collected)in)use)of)force)and)deadly)force)investigations) are)inconsistent)making)it)difficult)to)determine)if)those) investigative)steps)occurred)or)were)just)not) documented.) 20.)MPD)does)not)provide)specific)direction)for)supervisors) for)obtaining)videos)for)the)Use)of)Force)Report)and) Research)Findings:)Full)Content)Report)of)the)Milwaukee)Collaborative)Community)Committee)April)2019)))))) ) 71) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) investigation,)whether)from)the)vehicle,)body)camera,) surrounding)businesses,)or)other)places.) 21.)IAD)investigative)files)do)not)adequately)document) involved)officer)interviews.) 22.)MPD)IAD)reports)do)not)reference)what)steps)are)taken) to)provide)critical)incident)support)services)to)involved) officers.) 23.)Investigative)case)files)did)not)reflect)whether) supervisors)and)commanding)officers)conducted)reviews) of)use)of)force)investigations)to)determine)the)need)for) further)documentation,)review,)or)investigative)steps.) 24.)The)use)of)force)investigations)being)conducted)by) supervisors,)and)the)review)by)commanding)officers)and) IAD,)are)not)completed)within)established)timelines) identified)by)policy.) 25.)Although)audio)or)video)recordings)of)civilian)witnesses) are)required,)the)audio)or)video)recording)of)involved)and) witnessing)officers)is)not.) 26.)MPD)policy)states)that)"members)with)a)body)worn) camera)(BWC))shall)make)every)effort)to)activate)their) BWC)for)all)investigative)or)enforcement)contacts,") allowing)for)discretion)when)the)capture)of)video)is) critical.) 27.)MPD)command)does)not)routinely)review)the)involved) officer(s)')use)of)force,)complaint,)and)discipline)history)in) use)of)force)investigations.) 28.)The)AIM)system)lacks)sufficient)data)storage)capacity) causing)use)of)force)investigative)reports,)evidence) Research)Findings:)Full)Content)Report)of)the)Milwaukee)Collaborative)Community)Committee)April)2019)))))) ) 72) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Chapter)6:)Citizen)Stop)and)Search)Practices) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Chapter)7:)Systems)for)Supervision,)Accountability,) Organizational)Learning,)Remediation,)and)Discipline) reports,)and)supporting)documentation)to)be)located)in) multiple)places.) 29.)MPD)does)not)capture)or)report)use)of)force)data)in)a) way)that)can)be)easily)aggregated,)analyzed,)and) reported.) 30.)The)FPC)has)ended)its)practice)of)releasing)an)annual) report)on)MPD)firearms)discharges.) 31.)MPD)has)recently)announced)that)it)will)no)longer)be) outsourcing)fatal)officer\involved)shooting)incidents)to) the)Wisconsin)DOJ,)instead)opting)for)a)regional) approach)with)other)local)law)enforcement)agencies.) 32.)MPD)does)not)have)a)policy)for)releasing)critical)incident) information)to)the)public)in)a)timely)fashion.) 33.)MPD's)traffic)stop)practices)have)a)disparate)impact)on) the)African\American)community.) 34.)Pedestrian)stops)by)MPD)lack)proper)oversight)and) accountability.) 35.)Community)members)are)concerned)that)MPD)engages) in)stop)practices)that)are)inflammatory)to)the)community) ethos,)particularly)the)reported)practice)of)"curbing") individuals.) 36.)MPD's)traffic)stop)information)system)is)cumbersome) and)time\consuming,)which)results)in)traffic)stops)taking) a)significant)amount)of)time.) 37.)MPD)policy)does)not)provide)for)appropriate)oversight) and)require)IAD)to)assess)whether)a)complaint)should)be) investigated)by)a)district)or)by)IAD.) Research)Findings:)Full)Content)Report)of)the)Milwaukee)Collaborative)Community)Committee)April)2019)))))) ) 73) ) 38.)MPD's)policy)regarding)complaints)from)community) members)allows)a)supervisor)to)determine)whether)a) complaint)form)shall)be)completed.) 39.)MPD)policy)does)not)clearly)define)what)constitutes)a) serious)complaint.) 40.)MPD)policy)does)not)require)that)members)are)notified) when)they)are)the)subject)of)a)complaint)investigation.) 41.)MPD)Standard)Operating)Procedure)450)regarding) complaint)investigations)is)inadequate,)as)it)does)not) have)required)time)frames)for)completion)of)external)and) internal)investigations.) 42.)MPD)does)not)analyze)trends,)patterns,)or)other)issues) associated)with)complaint)data.) 43.)Complaint)investigation)files)are)poorly)organized,)lack) consistency,)and)are)often)incomplete.) 44.)Many)community)members)expressed)frustration)and) distrust)in)the)citizen)complaint)process)and)oversight)of) MPD.) 45.)MPD's)Progressive)Disciplinary)Matrix)is)ill\defined)and) not)applied)consistently.) 46.)MPD)was)proactive)and)developed)its)Early)Intervention) Program)(EIP))in)2008.)MPD)subsequently)engaged)a) focus)group)in)2012)to)assess)the)program)and)the) efficacy)of)the)triggers.)Input)was)not)obtained)from)an) EIP)professional)for)either)process.) 47.)MPD's)EIP)policy)does)not)sufficiently)identify)roles)and) responsibilities)related)to)its)EIP.) 48.)MPD)does)not)examine)aggregated)EIP)data)to)identify) potential)patterns)and)trends)across)the)organization.) Research)Findings:)Full)Content)Report)of)the)Milwaukee)Collaborative)Community)Committee)April)2019)))))) ) 74) ) 49.)MPD)EIP)policies)and)practices)are)not)fully)supported)or) known)throughout)the)Department.) 50.)MPD)does)not)have)a)written)directive)that)states) "dishonesty)in)any)matter)of)official)police)business)is)a) terminable)offense.") 51.)The)Milwaukee)Police)Department)does)not)state)that) "the)ability)to)testify)in)court)with)credibility")is)an) essential)job)function)on)the)police)officer)job)description.) 52.)The)Department)provides)limited)and)inconsistent) rewards)or)acknowledgements)for)good)behavior)and)job) performance.) 53.)MPD)personnel)are)often)not)reading)or)understanding) new)standard)operating)procedures)or)Code)of)Conduct) standards)when)they)are)disseminated)via)email.) 54.)MPD)does)not)encourage)an)open)and)consistent)two\ way)communication)between)command)staff)or) supervisors)and)employees.) 55.)Many)MPD)officers)have)the)perception)that)there)is)a) lack)of)transparency)in)the)Department)when)determining) who)is)chosen)to)attend)specialized)training,)leading)to)a) concern)that)there)is)favoritism)among)personnel.) 56.)MPD)personnel)are)unclear)on)why)the)Department)is) driven)by)numbers.)MPD)personnel)are)unaware)of)what) takes)place)at)CompStat.) ) ) Research)Findings:)Full)Content)Report)of)the)Milwaukee)Collaborative)Community)Committee)April)2019)))))) ) 75)