October 8, 2019 Honorable Eric Garcetti, Mayor Honorable Michael Feuer, City Attorney Honorable Members of the Los Angeles City Council Re: The High Cost of Homeless Housing: Review of Proposition HHH Los Angeles voters approved Proposition HHH in November 2016 by an overwhelming margin, authorizing City officials to issue up to $1.2 billion in general obligation bonds to partially subsidize the development of up to 10,000 supportive housing units for individuals and families experiencing homelessness. HHH funds can also be used to support new affordable housing units, temporary shelters and service facilities. The ballot language of HHH provides that the City Controller shall conduct a financial audit of the program each year bonds are outstanding or proceeds remain unspent. The attached audit examines how the City is delivering on HHH to alleviate the most pressing issue facing Los Angeles. As of last month, the City has conditionally awarded nearly all of the funds authorized by HHH to build 114 projects across Los Angeles, which are slated to provide a total of 5,873 supportive units for homeless residents and another 1,767 affordable units. However, more than two years after the first bond issuance and nearly three years since voters approved HHH, not one bond-funded unit has opened. While 19 projects are under construction and two are scheduled to open in the coming months, it is clear that the City’s HHH program is not keeping pace with the growing demand for supportive housing and shelter. According to the Greater Los Angeles Homeless Count, homelessness in the City has increased by 40 percent to more than 36,000 people over the past four years. Increased costs, timelines There is currently a lack of clarity surrounding the City’s goal for the number of supportive housing units to be built using HHH funds. This review found that, regardless of the actual target, high costs and slower than expected pre-development and construction timelines have significantly hindered the City’s ability to achieve the ballot measure’s intentions. Building cost estimates skyrocketed from $350,000 for a small studio or one-bedroom unit and $414,000 for a larger unit, as projected in 2016, to a median cost of $531,000 per unit today. More than 1,000 HHH units are projected to exceed $600,000, with one project topping $700,000 per unit. The cost of building many of these units exceeds the median sale price of a market-rate condominium in the City of Los Angeles and a single-family home in Los Angeles County. Reasons for this include the number and complexity of funding sources required to complete an HHH project, the relatively limited pool of eligible developers, regulatory barriers and permitting challenges, and considerable construction and labor costs. An unusually high 35 to 40 percent of costs are so-called “soft costs” (development fees, consultants, financing, etc.), compared to just 11 percent for actual land costs. The high price of development is linked with elongated approval and construction timelines. HHH projects are estimated to take between three to six years to complete — a schedule plainly out of step with the City’s urgent need to bring tens of thousands of people off the streets and into housing. In an attempt to speed up the pace, the City created a position to serve as a dedicated concierge for HHH projects, a welcome step that should have been taken sooner. City leaders have also set aside one-tenth of the bond proceeds to explore alternative housing models, such as modular homes and shared units with simplified financing mechanisms. This strategy aims to provide 975 additional supportive units and could lower per-unit costs, which would be positive. It remains to be seen whether the projects will live up to expectations, and evaluating outcomes will help determine what should be replicated and what to avoid. Two additional financial issues of note are the premature sale of HHH bonds and the decentralized nature of HHH accounting authority. Because the City decided to sell so many bonds long before the proceeds would be used to build homeless housing, Los Angeles taxpayers incurred at least $5.2 million in excess interest payments through June 2019. At this time, there is also an unnecessary division of labor in program accounting for the housing and facilities components of HHH, which should centralized in one department. Recommendations In order to reduce Proposition HHH project costs and development timelines, prevent any potential future delays, and strengthen the bond program’s financials, the City should: ● ● ● Put a greater focus on innovative practices to save time and money, including ways to reduce costs on approved or conditionally-approved projects, and consider using any savings achieved for temporary shelters, bridge housing, hygiene centers and other service facilities to address more immediate needs. Streamline the permitting process and add needed personnel to ensure quicker development approvals and processing. Centralize accounting responsibility in one City department. The recommendations in this review are intended to help the City’s Measure HHH program achieve its voter-mandated goals, while also ensuring that valuable taxpayer dollars are managed transparently and carefully. Respectfully submitted, RON GALPERIN L.A. Controller LA CONTROLLER Hlo HousI Review of no Cost of Homeless Proposition Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 I. 10 Proposition HHH: Results to Date Proposition HHH Status (October 2019) 11 Cost of Proposition HHH Housing Developments 15 Timelines for Proposition HHH Housing Developments 21 Strategies to Reduce Costs and Timelines for Proposition HHH Housing Developments 25 II. 31 Proposition HHH: FY 2018 Financial Audit Timing of Proposition HHH Bond Issuances 31 Decentralized Accounting Authority 32 Appendix A – Proposition HHH Financial Audit Performed by Macias, Gini & O’Connell 33 Appendix B – Proposition HHH Housing Development Data 49 1 Executive Summary Tens of thousands of people spend each night in Los Angeles living on the streets, in temporary shelters, or in parked vehicles. Recently published data shows the crisis is becoming increasingly tragic throughout the region – more than 1,000 people experiencing homelessness in Los Angeles County will likely die this year. The City, County, and service providers have sought to address the homelessness crisis through a combination of strategies, including street outreach and placement in temporary shelters or supportive housing – but it has been a particularly difficult challenge. Supportive housing is generally considered an effective strategy that combines subsidized housing with resources such as mental and physical health services, education and job training, and drug and alcohol treatment. Temporary shelters and other support facilities are also important tools because they can be used as a stopgap until housing becomes available. Getting people off the streets requires increasing the supply of available housing units and shelter beds as quickly as possible. Nearly 80 percent of voters approved Proposition HHH in November 2016. Proposition HHH authorized the City to issue $1.2 billion in general obligation bonds to partially subsidize the development of supportive housing units for individuals and families who are experiencing homelessness or are at risk of becoming homeless. 1 Proposition HHH funds can also be used to develop affordable (i.e., income-restricted) housing units and facilities such as shelters, clinics, storage, and showers.2 Proposition HHH funds typically subsidize approximately 30 percent of a project’s total development costs. On a per unit basis, the maximum allowable Proposition HHH subsidy for supportive housing was $140,000 per unit during the most recent funding cycle and $220,000 per unit for previous funding cycles. The remaining funding comes from a combination of private sources and other public entities such as the federal government, State of California, or Los Angeles County. Regardless of the funding source, it is critical that the City and developers work together to minimize development costs in order to build as many housing units as possible. 1 Proposition HHH tasked the Controller’s Office with performing financial audits for every year in which bonds are outstanding, or any bond proceeds remain unspent. Appendix A includes a copy of the financial audit that was conducted by Macias, Gini & O’Connell. The audit covers FY2018, which was the first year a Proposition HHH bond was issued. Financial audits will be conducted for subsequent fiscal years, as required. 2 At least 80 percent of the funds must be used for supportive housing units and facilities and up to 20 percent of Proposition HHH funds can be used to develop income-restricted units. 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The City has prioritized using Proposition HHH funds to develop long-term solutions such as supportive and affordable housing. A much smaller share of Proposition HHH funding has been set aside to build facilities – such as shelters – that can help mitigate the homelessness crisis until supportive housing units are completed. 3 As of September 30, 2019, the City has conditionally awarded nearly the entire amount authorized by the Proposition HHH ballot measure. There are additional projects seeking conditional funding which, if approved, will commit all remaining Proposition HHH funds.4 The City’s stated goal for the number of units to be built using Proposition HHH funds lacks clarity. Although the number of units did not appear in the language of the ballot measure, the development of 10,000 supportive housing units through Proposition HHH is generally understood as the target and appears on the Mayor’s website and City Council documents.5 In contrast, the City’s Housing and Community Investment Department (HCIDLA) – which is tasked with administering the program – has noted that Proposition HHH was intended to augment its ongoing efforts to build supportive housing. HCIDLA’s plan is to deliver a total of 10,000 supportive housing units within ten years through separate development pipelines – 7,000 through Proposition HHH and 3,000 through nonProposition HHH sources. Assuming all of the pending projects are approved, Proposition HHH will provide 7,640 total housing units, of which 5,873 will be supportive housing.6 The following graphic provides an overview of these projects. 3 The City’s primary strategy for emergency housing solutions is through the Mayor’s A Bridge Home program. As of August 2019, the City has approved funds for 19 projects with a total of 1,450 beds, 247 of which have been completed. The City is assembling funding for an additional 610 beds. 4 The City is encouraging developers of previously-approved projects to replace a portion of their Proposition HHH commitment with funding from the County’s No Place Like Home program. To date, these efforts have reduced overall Proposition HHH funding commitments by approximately $20 million. The City intends to use any additional Proposition HHH funds obtained through this process to initiate another call for projects, which would add more housing units. 5 The Mayor’s Proposition HHH overview website reads “…a $1.2 billion bond to build approximately 10,000 units of supportive housing in the City of Los Angeles.” A January 2019 City Council motion (Council File 17-0090-S11) reads “…it was anticipated that the $1.2 billion would fund approximately 10,000 supportive housing units.” 6 This does not include approximately 975 supportive housing units anticipated through the Proposition HHH Challenge due to uncertainty about whether each of those projects will be successful. Developers of those projects still need to enter into a Memorandum of Understanding with HCIDLA and secure locations 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The large majority of projects are currently – or will soon be – in various stages of “predevelopment,” which includes activities such as assembling funding, securing land use approval, and obtaining building permits. Three years into Proposition HHH, only two projects (117 total units, 74 supportive units) currently under construction are scheduled to be completed by the end of 2019. Meanwhile, tens of thousands of Angelenos experiencing homelessness continue to suffer in dangerous conditions. The performance of the program to date indicates that progress has been slow, and costs are high.  The estimated timeline for completing a project from start to finish (i.e., conceptualization to occupancy) ranges from three to six years.  The City’s Comprehensive Homelessness Strategy (January 2016) estimated that the cost of building each studio/one-bedroom unit would be $350,000, and the cost of a two-bedroom unit or larger would be $414,000. While construction costs have increased across-the-board since these estimates were developed, the current costs far exceed the original projections. o The current median cost per unit for projects in the Proposition HHH pipeline is $531,373, and more than 1,000 units are projected to exceed $600,000.7 One project includes units estimated at more than $700,000.8 to build their projects. If all of these projects are completed as currently designed, there will be 6,848 supportive housing units developed through Proposition HHH. 7 These calculations do not include the 35 projects that are pending City approval. 8 The most expensive project, located in Koreatown/Pico-Union, exceeds $700,000 per unit and consists of 41 units with a mix of studios, one-, two-, and three-bedroom apartments. 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY o The median cost of building many of these units approaches – and in many cases, exceeds – the median sale price of a condominium in the City of Los Angeles ($546,000) and of a single-family home in Los Angeles County ($627,690). o The cost of land in Los Angeles is often cited as a significant cost driver for Proposition HHH housing developments, but data provided by the City’s Housing and Community Investment Department (HCIDLA) shows that this point is likely overstated relative to the other categories for projects currently under construction.9 Developers are spending approximately 40 percent of overall project costs on soft cost components such as fees, consultants, and financing. These costs are nearly as much as the cost of labor and materials to build Proposition HHH-funded housing developments.  In July 2017, the City issued the first Proposition HHH bond ($86.4 million). Because the program was in its early stages and projects were in predevelopment, only $3.7 million in bond proceeds were spent during that fiscal year. Rather than spending down the available funds from the first bond issuance, the City issued the second Proposition HHH bond (valued at $276.2 million) in July 2018. Because the second bond was issued too early, City taxpayers incurred approximately $5.2 million in unnecessary interest payments through June 2019 – without the expected project benefits. This concept, known as “negative arbitrage,” occurs when the interest rate a borrower pays on its debt is higher than the interest rate the borrower earns on the monies deposited or invested.  No single City department is responsible for program-wide Proposition HHH accounting decisions. The lack of centralized authority may present challenges in the future, as additional funds are spent. 9 HCIDLA noted that some financing sources do not cover the cost of land. As a result, a higher Proposition HHH subsidy is often required to close the funding gap. 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY There are a number of factors that contribute to high costs and lengthy development timelines, such as funding complexity, regulatory barriers, a limited pool of eligible developers, labor costs, and cumbersome and lengthy permitting processes. Even as the City solicited and developed ideas to tackle these issues in more innovative ways, it continued to award Proposition HHH funds before some of the ideas could fully blossom.  The Proposition HHH Challenge, initiated in January 2019, identified alternative construction and financing approaches that were not previously feasible under existing program regulations. The City recently identified six projects that aim to provide 975 supportive housing units within approximately two years. The proposed projects estimate unit costs between $200,000 and $479,000, and an average of $351,965 per unit. The projects are pending City approval and feature modular construction, shared housing, and simplified financing. If successful, these approaches have the potential to significantly lower costs and shorten development timelines. Given that some of these projects are a departure from the traditional supportive housing model, it is unclear whether future funding allocations from the State and the federal government will embrace these innovative approaches.  The City passed the Permanent Supportive Housing Ordinance in April 2018 to reduce project costs and speed up land use approvals for Proposition HHH-funded projects. Existing land use entitlements such as the State’s Density Bonus program or the City’s Transit-Oriented Communities (TOC) program can be used to accomplish similar goals.10 However, these pathways do not account for the unique characteristics of supportive housing projects (e.g., smaller units, space for supportive services). Almost immediately after the ordinance was passed, lawsuits were filed against the City. As a result, projects in the Proposition HHH development pipeline have 10 Many projects in the Proposition HHH development pipeline were approved through TOC. A recent lawsuit accused the City of violating the legislative procedures for amending the General Plan and zoning ordinance when it implemented the TOC guidelines. According to the City, there is currently no court order that prevents a previously-approved TOC project from moving forward, nor is there currently anything preventing developers from submitting TOC applications for new projects. However, the uncertainty caused by the litigation may cause developers already in the Proposition HHH pipeline to pursue a different pathway to obtaining land use approval. If the changes are significant, developers may need to re-apply for approvals from multiple funding sources, which would likely add costs and delay the project. 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY been unable to take advantage of the tailored benefits offered by the ordinance, such as higher thresholds for site plan reviews and increased allowable density. The City recently partnered with the State and crafted a bill (AB 1197) to make it easier to build supportive housing and emergency shelters without fulfilling certain requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).11 According to the City, the legislation will increase the likelihood that the lawsuit against the Permanent Supportive Housing Ordinance will be dismissed or otherwise favorably resolved.  The Mayor’s Executive Directive #13 (issued in October 2015) sought to facilitate streamlined and prioritized case processing for all affordable housing developments. Despite the existence of the directive and other efforts to expedite projects, external stakeholders and respondents to a Proposition HHH survey (January 2019) provided critical feedback that much more work needed to be done. One survey respondent described the City’s permitting processes as a “nightmare.” The City recently hired a dedicated staffer (“HHH Concierge”) to streamline permitting processes and ensure that Proposition HHH-funded projects are prioritized within each department’s existing workflow. In addition, the HHH Concierge is tasked with developing a tracking system to improve information sharing and notification protocols across City departments. This is an encouraging development, but the City’s longstanding challenges with these issues are well-established and suggests that this should have occurred far sooner. The performance of the program to date indicates that a course correction is required, before it is too late. Although the City has conditionally awarded nearly the entire pool of funds authorized by the ballot measure, there still may be opportunities to maximize Proposition HHH funds. Most Proposition HHH housing developments are in the early to middle stages of pre-development, and therefore, formal loan agreements (i.e., contracts) have not been executed. The absence of a contract raises an important question – can the City reallocate funding to a different project or require developers to modify previously-approved projects? 11 The Governor signed the bill on September 26, 2019. 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Recent events – such as the Proposition HHH Challenge and the potential of the City’s Permanent Supportive Housing Ordinance – suggest that previously-approved projects may warrant a fresh look. Making significant changes to projects that are at the latter stages of the pre-development process may not be feasible. However, the City should encourage developers to emulate what has been successful in other projects and incorporate emerging approaches to reducing Proposition HHH project costs and development timelines. City Policymakers should consider the following recommendations in order to confront the growing magnitude and urgency of the homelessness crisis in Los Angeles. Recommendation #1 Evaluate the feasibility of reallocating some Proposition HHH funds that have been conditionally funded, especially funds committed to housing projects with outlier development costs. This may free up funding for projects with lower per-unit costs or for temporary shelters and other facilities. a. If shared housing, prefabricated construction, or simplified financing are demonstrated to be meaningful and scalable strategies through the Proposition HHH Challenge, allow developers that have been previously awarded Proposition HHH funding to modify their project proposals. b. If AB 1197 facilitates timely resolution of ongoing litigation challenging the City’s Permanent Supportive Housing Ordinance, allow and encourage developers to reconfigure previously-approved HHH projects so that the unique characteristics of supportive housing units are incorporated into land use approvals. c. If previously-committed Proposition HHH funding becomes available, prioritize the development of facilities such as shelters, clinics, storage, and showers to help better manage the immediate needs of Angelenos experiencing homelessness. Recommendation #2 Support the Proposition HHH Concierge’s efforts to streamline permitting and other processes to ensure that projects that are currently – or soon will be – in the development pipeline are completed as quickly as possible. a. Require City departments not covered by Executive Directive #13 (e.g., Water and Power, Fire, Engineering) to publicly and regularly report their progress on moving Proposition HHH housing developments to completion. 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY b. If necessary, consider adding dedicated staff (either in City departments or on the Housing Crisis Response Team) to focus on these issues. Recommendation #3 City Policymakers should formally establish centralized accounting authority for the Proposition HHH program. 9 I. Proposition HHH Results to Date The homelessness crisis in Los Angeles continues despite the City’s efforts to combat the issue. In January 2019, the Los Angeles Homeless Service Authority’s (LAHSA) estimated that there are 36,300 people experiencing homelessness in the City, which represents a 41 percent increase from LAHSA’s 2015 estimate. A broad coalition of Angelenos voted to approve Proposition HHH in November 2016. Proposition HHH authorized the City to issue up to $1.2 billion in general obligation bonds to partially subsidize the development of supportive housing units for individuals and families who are experiencing homelessness or are at risk of becoming homeless. Supportive housing combines affordable housing with services to assist residents, such as mental and physical health services, education and job training, and drug and alcohol treatment. Proposition HHH funds can also be used to develop affordable (i.e., income-restricted) housing units and facilities such as shelters, clinics, storage, and showers. At least 80 percent of the funds must be used for supportive housing units and facilities, and up to 20 percent of Proposition HHH funds can be used to develop income-restricted units. The City’s financing model was to leverage bond proceeds from Proposition HHH to issue loans and help developers assemble funding from other sources. Proposition HHH funds make up only a portion of each project’s development costs – the other sources are private funds or tax credits and grants from the federal government, the State of California, or Los Angeles County.12 Proposition HHH requires the Controller’s Office to perform financial audits for every year in which bonds are outstanding, or any bond proceeds remain unspent.13 We also assessed the City’s progress in delivering housing units in line with voter expectations. 14 12 In June 2019, the City’s Housing and Community Investment Department (HCIDLA) reported that every dollar of Proposition HHH funds generated $2.40 in other funding sources (which includes tax credits awarded by HCIDLA). 13 See Appendix A for a copy of the financial audit that was conducted by Macias, Gini & O’Connell on behalf of the Controller’s Office. The audit covers FY2018, which was the first year a Proposition HHH bond was issued. Financial audits will be conducted for subsequent fiscal years, as required. 14 See Appendix B for an overview of Proposition HHH housing developments. Proposition HHH housing data was obtained directly from the City’s Housing and Community Investment Department and the City’s Proposition HHH dashboard (https://hcidla.lacity.org/hhh-progress). This data was supplemented by information included in HCIDLA staff reports, City Council Files, and recurring reports submitted to the Proposition HHH Citizens and Administrative Oversight Committees. 10 PROPOSITION HHH - RESULTS TO DATE Specifically, we sought to answer three questions as part of this review.  Why do Proposition HHH housing developments cost so much?  Why are Proposition HHH housing developments taking so long to complete?  What should the City do? The recommendations in this report are intended to help the City confront the magnitude and urgency of the homelessness crisis in Los Angeles. PROPOSITION HHH STATUS (OCTOBER 2019) As of September 30, 2019, the City has allocated nearly the entire amount authorized by the Proposition HHH ballot measure. There are additional projects seeking conditional funding which, if approved, will commit all remaining Proposition HHH funds.15 The City’s stated goal for the number of units to be built using Proposition HHH funds lacks clarity. Although a specific number of units did not appear in the language of the ballot measure, the development of 10,000 supportive housing units through Proposition HHH is generally understood as the target and appears on the Mayor’s website and City Council documents.16 In contrast, the City’s Housing and Community Investment Department (HCIDLA) – which is tasked with administering the program – has noted that Proposition HHH was intended to augment ongoing efforts to build supportive housing. HCIDLA’s plan is to deliver a total of 10,000 supportive housing units within ten years through separate development pipelines – 7,000 through Proposition HHH and 3,000 through nonProposition HHH sources. 15 The City is encouraging developers of previously-approved projects to replace a portion of their Proposition HHH commitment with funding from the County’s No Place Like Home program. To date, these efforts have reduced overall Proposition HHH funding commitments by approximately $20 million. The City intends to use any additional Proposition HHH funds obtained through this process to initiate another call for projects, which would add more housing units. 16 For example, the Mayor’s Proposition HHH overview website reads “…a $1.2 billion bond to build approximately 10,000 units of supportive housing in the City of Los Angeles.” A January 2019 City Council motion (Council File 17-0090-S11) reads “…it was anticipated that the $1.2 billion would fund approximately 10,000 supportive housing units.” 11 PROPOSITION HHH - RESULTS TO DATE Assuming all of the pending projects are approved, Proposition HHH will provide 7,640 total housing units, of which 5,873 will be supportive housing.17 Our growing homeless population requires building more units as quickly as possible. The City has allocated nearly all of the authorized Proposition HHH funds to developing long-term solutions such as supportive and affordable housing. Significantly less Proposition HHH funding has been set aside to build or acquire facilities (e.g., shelters, storage, transitional housing, navigation centers) that can help mitigate the homelessness crisis until housing units are completed. Status of Proposition HHH housing developments As of September 30, 2019, the City’s Housing and Community Investment Department (HCIDLA) reports that almost $800 million has been committed to housing developments and the projects pending approval will push the City beyond $1 billion in total Proposition HHH funding commitments. However, most projects that received – or will receive – funding commitments have not been formally awarded loans using Proposition HHH funds and have not yet begun construction. The City’s process for committing Proposition HHH funds is divided into multiple phases and requires several layers of review and approval. HCIDLA issues a call for proposals three times a year to solicit proposals from developers seeking to build supportive 17 This does not include approximately 975 supportive housing units funded through the Proposition HHH Challenge due to uncertainty about whether each of those projects will be successful. Developers of those projects still need to enter into a Memorandum of Understanding with HCIDLA and secure locations to build their projects. If all of these projects are completed as currently designed, Proposition HHH will provide approximately 6,848 supportive units. The Proposition HHH Challenge will be discussed in greater detail later in this report. 12 PROPOSITION HHH - RESULTS TO DATE housing with Proposition HHH funds. HCIDLA staff reviews applications to determine whether they met established criteria, including:  verification that the developer secured a property on which a Proposition HHH project could be built;  a determination that the project is financially feasible and demonstrates longterm viability as an affordable housing project; and  confirmation that the developer and service provider successfully managed similar supportive housing projects in the past. All supportive and affordable units funded by Proposition HHH are subject to a 55year affordability covenant to ensure that they are restricted to the target population. Proposition HHH regulations require all units have their own kitchen and full bathroom. In addition, housing developments must include community spaces and offices to allow for the provision of supportive services. Beyond these requirements, Proposition HHH program priorities encourage developers to build in a diverse range of locations that reflect the City’s fair housing goals and within one-half mile of major transit stops and supportive facilities. At the conclusion of this process, HCIDLA staff develop funding recommendations that are submitted to multiple oversight committees, the City Council, and Mayor.18 18 The Proposition HHH Citizens Oversight Committee is comprised of four members appointed by the Mayor and three members appointed by the City Council. The committee is tasked with: (1) reviewing and proposing expenditures of bond proceeds under HHH; and (2) advising and making recommendations to the AOC on items relating to HHH, including policies and projects. The Proposition HHH Administrative Oversight Committee is comprised of the Mayor, the City Administrative Officer, and the Chief Legislative Analyst, or their respective designees. This committee is tasked with making recommendations to the Council about the expenditure of bond proceeds as well as HHH policies and projects. 13 PROPOSITION HHH - RESULTS TO DATE HCIDLA evaluates project feasibility, determines compliance with Proposition HHH program regulations, drafts project summary reports, and issues funding recommendations. Proposition HHH Citizens Oversight Committee (COC) reviews HCIDLA's recommendations, proposes any necessary changes, and determines which projects should move forward. Proposition HHH Administrative Oversight Committee (AOC) considers COC's recommendations, proposes any necessary changes, and determines which projects should move forward. The City Council considers the AOC's recommendations and votes on which projects should move forward. Funding recommendations are submitted to the Mayor for approval. Each project selected through this initial phase receives a letter of commitment from the City. Letters of commitment provide developers with a two-year conditional funding award that is contingent on factors such as ongoing compliance with Proposition HHH regulations and obtaining the necessary funding from other sources to fully fund the completion of a project. The City designed the Proposition HHH program to provide letters of commitment early in the development process in order to improve developers’ ability to compete for funding from non-City sources. Once developers assemble funding, obtain land use approvals, and are ready to move toward construction, their projects are subject to another round of review and approval – using the same general sequence outlined above – in order to be added to the City’s annual Proposition HHH Project Expenditure Plan (PEP). Projects must be added to the PEP before the City and developer can execute a formal loan agreement (i.e., contract) that authorizes the expenditure of Proposition HHH funds. Understanding the distinction between the legal authority provided through each of these documents (i.e., letters of commitment and loan agreements) is critical to evaluating the City’s potential options for projects that have been conditionally funded. Most Proposition HHH housing projects are in the early or middle development stages, and therefore, formal loan agreements have not been executed. The absence of a contract raises an important question – can the City reallocate funding to a different project or require developers to modify previously-approved projects? Although this may result in legal action by the affected developer, there may be opportunities to better utilize Proposition HHH funding. 14 PROPOSITION HHH - RESULTS TO DATE Status of Proposition HHH facilities projects The City Administrative Officer (CAO) – who oversees the facilities portion of the Proposition HHH program – recently requested an additional $10.5 million in funding, which would increase the total budget for facilities projects to $60 million. The CAO stated the funding shortfall was caused by higher than anticipated construction costs for four facilities projects that are being managed by the City’s General Services Department (GSD).19 If the request is approved (along with the pending housing developments), the additional funding will push the total amount of Proposition HHH funding commitments beyond the $1.2 billion originally authorized by voters. The CAO’s proposed plan is to make up for the shortfall by using current and future interest proceeds that accrue after Proposition HHH bonds are issued. Although the City allocated some of the Proposition HHH facilities funding for emergency housing solutions such as shelters and transitional housing, the City’s primary strategy for adding beds is through the Mayor’s A Bridge Home (ABH) program. The program was launched in April 2018 and sought to build crisis and bridge housing – primarily on land owned or leased by the City – until permanent supportive housing projects are completed. The City has approved approximately $90 million for the construction and multiyear operation of a total of 1,450 beds, of which 247 have been completed.20 In addition, the City is in the process of allocating $34 million for bridge housing projects that will provide an additional 610 beds. COST OF PROPOSITION HHH HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS Proposition HHH funds represent approximately 30 percent of the aggregate total development cost across projects that have been approved by the City. On a per unit basis, the maximum allowable Proposition HHH subsidy for supportive housing was $140,000 per unit during the most recent funding cycle and $220,000 per unit for previous funding cycles. Although the City is not fully subsidizing each project, significant amounts of funding come from private sources or other government entities. 19 20 GSD staff, labor from hiring halls, and preapproved subcontractors are working on these projects. Operating costs for four of these projects are being supported by the County or other non-City sources. 15 PROPOSITION HHH - RESULTS TO DATE These resources are finite; it is critical that the City and developers minimize development costs in order to build as many housing units as possible. The City’s Comprehensive Homelessness Strategy (January 2016) estimated that the cost of building each studio/one-bedroom supportive housing unit would be $350,000 and a two-bedroom unit or larger would cost $414,000.21 While construction costs have increased across-the-board since these estimates were developed, the current costs far exceed the original projections. Whether building market rate or supportive housing, development costs are typically driven by three major components: cost of acquiring land; labor and materials for construction; and soft costs (e.g., non-construction activities such as architectural, engineering, financing, legal services). The Proposition HHH program regulations include multiple tools intended to contain costs throughout the development process.  HCIDLA is tasked with approving all contracts related to Proposition HHH projects and has the authority to disallow any costs which it believes to be excessive, avoidable, or unwarranted.  Developers and general contractors are required to award construction contracts through a competitive process that considers the cost.22  Within 60 days of issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy by the City, developers must submit a completed audit of construction costs performed by an independent Certified Public Accountant. 21 The estimates are attributed to LAHSA in an October 2015 report to the Mayor and City Council (Council File 15-1091). The $350,000 per unit estimate was also cited in news reports at the time of the November 2016 ballot initiative. Gale Holland, “L.A. Officials Launch Campaign for Homeless Housing Bond Measure,” Los Angeles Times, September 12, 2016, https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-lnhomeless-bond-kickoff-20160912-snap-story.html; Doug Smith, “Q&A: Proposition HHH Would Raise Funds to Build Homeless Housing in L.A.,” Los Angeles Times, October 19, 2016, https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-ln-prop-hhh-qa-20161017-snap-story.html; A Martinez, “10 Things You Need to Know About Measure HHH,” 89.3 KPCC, November 11, 2016, https://www.scpr.org/programs/take-two/2016/11/04/52952/10-things-you-need-to-know-aboutmeasure-hhh/. 22 Developers who have not identified a general contractor at the time of application must conduct a competitive bidding process using a Request for Qualifications (RFQ) and award a contract based on price and other criteria. General contractors who are identified a part of the project team at the time of application must provide at least three subcontractor bids for each major trade such as carpentry, electrical, and plumbing. 16 PROPOSITION HHH - RESULTS TO DATE Despite these tools, projected per-unit costs remain high. The median cost of building these units ($531,373) approaches – and in many cases, exceeds – the median sale price of a condominium in the City of Los Angeles ($546,000) and a single-family home in Los Angeles County ($627,690).23 Cost of housing developments under construction Almost three years after voters approved Proposition HHH, only 19 projects are under construction. When completed, these developments will provide 1,260 total units, 892 of which are supportive housing units. According to data provided by HCIDLA, more than 90 percent of the units under construction are compact studios and one-bedroom apartments ranging from 275 to 750 square feet. The data below provides additional details about these projects.    Total development cost Lowest Average Highest $11,440,379 $34,607,610 $55,050,829 Lowest Average Highest $346,678 $521,861 $690,692 Per-unit development cost24 Cost breakdown – The cost of land in Los Angeles has been cited as a significant factor in the high cost of Proposition HHH projects, but the data shows that this is overstated relative to the other categories.25 As a result, finding ways to lower construction costs and soft costs is critical to maximizing the impact of Proposition HHH funding. 23 Zillow, Los Angeles Home Prices and Values, https://www.zillow.com/los-angeles-ca/home-values/; California Association of Realtors, California Housing Market Update: Monthly Sales and Price Statistics August 2019, https://www.car.org/marketdata/data/countysalesactivity. 24 The average cost per unit was calculated by using the total development cost of projects under construction ($657,544,591) and dividing it by the total number of units (1,260) in those projects. 25 HCIDLA noted that some financing sources do not cover the cost of land. As a result, a higher Proposition HHH subsidy is often required to close the funding gap. 17 PROPOSITION HHH - RESULTS TO DATE The high level of soft costs indicates that developers are spending large amounts on non-construction activities such as fees, consultants, and financing costs. The overall magnitude of construction costs underscores the importance of identifying alternate models such as pre-fabricated or shared housing.  The total development cost of projects under construction has increased by 12 percent since receiving the City’s conditional commitment, and five projects increased by more than 25 percent.26 These cost increases underscore the importance of getting units built as quickly as possible. Cost of projects in pre-development There are an additional 60 projects that have been conditionally funded by the City, and are in various stages of pre-development and have not yet begun construction. Predevelopment includes activities such as applying for funding, securing land use approvals, engaging the community, and obtaining permits – many of which occur concurrently. When completed, these projects will provide 4,150 total units, of which 3,240 will be supportive housing. Similar to the projects under construction, the large majority (82 percent) of the total units are compact studio or one-bedroom apartments.  Total development cost Lowest Average Highest $9,440,000 $35,058,859 $72,022,642 Given that many of these projects are in the early stages of a lengthy process, it is likely that total development costs will be even higher by the time construction begins.  Per-unit development cost27 Lowest Average Highest $228,908 $511,386 $701,072 26 These estimates were calculated by comparing the original total development cost listed in each project’s HCIDLA staff report to updated costs provided by HCIDLA in August 2019. The number of units for each project in this analysis remained the same during this period. 27 The average per unit development cost was calculated by using the total development cost of projects in pre-development ($2,122,251,550) and dividing it by the total number of units (4,150) in those projects. 18 PROPOSITION HHH - RESULTS TO DATE There are 15 housing developments in this group that exceed $600,000 per unit. The most expensive project, located in Koreatown/Pico-Union, exceeds $700,000 per unit and consists of 41 units with a mix of studios, one-, two-, and threebedroom apartments.  The projected cost breakdown for these housing developments is approximately 11% land, 54% construction, and 35% soft costs. Cost of housing developments pending City approval The City is considering issuing conditional funding commitments to an additional 35 housing developments.28 If approved, these projects would provide 2,230 total housing units, of which 1,741 would be supportive units. More than 80 percent of these units are studios and one-bedroom apartments.  Total development cost Lowest Average Highest $11,657,496 $31,841,156 $61,952,493 Given that many of these projects are in the early stages of a lengthy process, it is likely that total development costs will be even higher by the time construction begins.  Per-unit development cost29 Lowest Average Highest $333,071 $499,749 $686,443 Four housing developments in this group that exceed $600,000 per unit. 28 One of these projects was initiated outside the traditional call for projects model in order to identify an innovative approach to building housing on a City-owned property located at 11010 Santa Monica Blvd. For purposes of this analysis, this project was included. In addition, Council Districts 8 and 12 recently requested 30-day delays for three projects located within their districts, in order to conduct additional community outreach. For purposes of this analysis, these projects were included. 29 The average per unit development cost was calculated by using the total development cost of projects pending Council approval ($1,114,440,463) and dividing it by the total number of units (2,230) in those projects. 19 PROPOSITION HHH - RESULTS TO DATE QUESTION 1: Why do Proposition HHH housing developments cost so much? Although implementing a program of this magnitude and complexity carries inherent uncertainty, the original per unit cost projections ($350,000 to $414,000) have been inaccurate. City officials and other stakeholders have cited the following as factors contributing to the high cost of projects funded through Proposition HHH.  Funding complexity – In addition to Proposition HHH funds, developers typically assemble several loans and grants to fully fund a project. On average, each development approved by the City had seven funding sources (including Proposition HHH). The complexity of this model adds costs and delays housing production because each funding source has its own set of policy priorities and approval timelines.  Regulatory framework – Projects built using public subsidies typically include requirements that can increase soft costs due to the need for additional consulting services to address legal or accounting issues. In addition, projects built using Proposition HHH funds can incur higher construction costs due to accessibility requirements – each project must include at least 4 percent of units set aside for persons with sensory impairments and 10 percent of units for persons with mobility impairments. Developers, general contractors, and subcontractors may instead choose to pursue market-rate projects that yield greater profits, thereby shrinking the overall pool of available firms and driving up costs.  Limited pool of eligible developers – Proposition HHH regulations require lead developers to demonstrate a history of building and managing supportive housing projects. This reduces the overall level of risk and increases the likelihood that projects funded by the City are successful. However, this requirement can also impede competition and prevent developers from outside the traditional supportive housing community – who may bring new and innovative ideas – from participating.  Labor costs – Projects built using Proposition HHH funds are subject to State Prevailing Wage Requirements. In addition, housing developments of 65 or more units must include a project labor agreement that promotes the hiring and 20 PROPOSITION HHH - RESULTS TO DATE continued employment of local residents, including those that may be classified as transitional or disadvantaged workers. TIMELINES FOR PROPOSITION HHH HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS Like most business endeavors, time is money when it comes to property development. HCIDLA estimates that the timeline for completing a Proposition HHH project from start to finish (i.e., conceptualization to occupancy) ranges from three to six years. The length of time needed to complete these projects does not meet the level of urgency needed to match the magnitude of our homelessness crisis. The timeline below identifies significant milestones since Proposition HHH was approved by City voters in November 2016. Assuming it is completed on time, the first project will have taken nearly three years and may represent a best-case scenario because it was already in the HCIDLA development pipeline at the time of the ballot measure. Timelines for housing developments under construction In order to estimate timelines, we measured the length of time from when projects were conditionally approved by the City to the estimated construction completion date. These estimates do not include time spent on activities before applications were submitted to HCIDLA, or time spent on required tasks after the completion of construction (e.g., closing out the project and obtaining a certificate of occupancy). 21 PROPOSITION HHH - RESULTS TO DATE  Timeline from conditional approval to the projected end of construction (years) Fastest Average Slowest 1.9 2.8 3.5  Although these projects will add 1,260 much-needed housing units in the coming years, the pace at which they are being completed falls significantly short of the urgency of the City’s homelessness crisis.  More than 90 percent of these units are located in seven Council Districts (1, 4, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14). Timelines for projects in pre-development The upcoming completion of the initial wave of Proposition HHH housing developments presents an opportunity for the City to apply lessons learned and ensure that future supportive housing projects can be built more quickly. However, the estimated timelines (measured from conditional approval to estimated completion of construction) for the 60 projects currently in pre-development indicate that these projects will likely take even longer to complete.  Timeline from conditional approval to the projected end of construction (years) Fastest Average Slowest 2.1 3.0 3.7  Most of the 4,150 units in predevelopment are not projected for completion until 2021.  Almost 70 percent of these units are located in Council Districts 1, 8, 9, 11, 13, and 14. 22 PROPOSITION HHH - RESULTS TO DATE Timelines for projects pending City approval Because these projects have not yet been approved by the City, it is not possible to develop timeline estimates using the same methodology as the previous sections. When completed, 70 percent of the 2,230 total units will be distributed across Council Districts 1, 2, 6, 8, 9, 11, and 13. Potential future delays for projects in pre-development The City encouraged developers to build Proposition HHH housing developments near high-quality transit areas through the Transit Oriented Communities (TOC) program. The TOC concept was also approved by voters in November 2016, within the larger framework of Measure JJJ. TOC allows developers to add density, reduce parking requirements, and utilize ministerial (i.e., administrative) approvals in exchange for including supportive or income-restricted housing units. Accordingly, many projects in the Proposition HHH development pipeline were approved through TOC. A recent lawsuit accused the City of violating the legislative procedures for amending the General Plan and zoning ordinance when it implemented the TOC guidelines. According to the City, there is currently no court order that prevents a previouslyapproved TOC project from moving forward, nor is there currently anything preventing developers from submitting TOC applications for new projects. However, the uncertainty caused by the litigation may cause developers already in the Proposition HHH pipeline to pursue a different pathway to obtaining land use approval. For example, a developer that has already received approval through TOC may decide to modify their project and utilize the State’s density bonus program, or a different entitlement pathway. This would likely require the developer to obtain a new approval from the Department of City Planning. If the changes are significant, developers may need to re-apply for approvals from multiple funding sources, which would likely add costs and delay the project. 23 PROPOSITION HHH - RESULTS TO DATE QUESTION #2: Why are Proposition HHH housing developments taking so long to complete? Many of the cost drivers outlined in the previous section also contribute to extended timelines, just as extended timelines contribute to higher development costs. The City has initiated a number of strategies – such as the Permanent Supportive Housing Ordinance and Executive Directive #13 (“Support for Affordable Housing Development”) – to speed up the process by which Proposition HHH housing developments can be built.30 Beyond those efforts, departmental liaisons are tasked with troubleshooting issues as they arise. However, the lengthy development timelines suggest that much more work is needed. A major factor is the design of the program itself – Proposition HHH funds are awarded at the very early stages of the development process, and the developer must seek out and obtain the necessary funding to begin the project. Because developers are often seeking funding from other public entities with varying deadlines, the City provides up to two years to complete this phase. Projects cannot proceed without the necessary funding in place to successfully build and operate supportive housing. Beyond obtaining funding, there are the permitting and approval processes that apply to any development project in the City. Developers must navigate departments such as City Planning, Building and Safety, Water and Power, Fire, and Public Works (Engineering and Contract Administration) to ensure that safe, high-quality projects are built in accordance with all applicable regulations. Ensuring this framework operates efficiently and effectively is critical to the City’s efforts to reduce Proposition HHH development timelines. At the request of the Proposition HHH Citizens Oversight Committee, the City initiated a survey in late 2018 to obtain feedback from stakeholders about how to improve the Proposition HHH Supportive Housing Program. The City received 34 responses, and more than half were from developers who build affordable and market-rate housing. The most frequent recommendation was for the City to streamline permitting processes across the various departments that are involved with reviewing and approving Proposition HHH housing projects. One respondent described the City’s permitting processes as a “nightmare.” 30 The Permanent Supportive Housing Ordinance and Executive Directive #13 will be discussed in greater detail later in this report. 24 PROPOSITION HHH - RESULTS TO DATE The Proposition HHH Citizens Oversight Committee and external stakeholders have called on the City to make improvements in these areas. As described below, the City recently took steps to build upon its ongoing efforts. STRATEGIES TO REDUCE COSTS AND EXPEDITE TIMELINES FOR PROPOSITION HHH HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS Effectively implementing a program of this magnitude requires extensive planning and the ability to pause and, if necessary, pivot to a different approach before the available funding is depleted. All viable alternatives need to be weighed against the growing urgency of our homelessness crisis. As early as the middle of 2017, it was apparent that the cost of building Proposition HHH housing developments was higher than expected, and other issues were contributing to lengthy timelines. The City took action and identified ways to streamline processes, reduce development costs, and foster innovation. But instead of waiting until those promising strategies could be fully implemented or other obstacles were removed, the City conditionally awarded nearly all of the remaining Proposition HHH funding. The strategies outlined below do not represent the entirety of the City’s efforts to reduce costs and timelines. However, they have significant potential and may prove to be beneficial in the future using state and federal funding streams such as the No Place Like Home Program and the HOME Investment Partnerships Program. But those funding streams have their own regulations, and it is unclear whether the City will be able to unilaterally determine how those funds can be spent. Given these constraints, the City’s decision to push forward and conditionally award nearly all remaining funds represents a missed opportunity to maximize the impact of Proposition HHH. Proposition HHH Challenge In response to growing concerns from the Citizens Oversight Committee, the City set aside $120 million in January 2019 and initiated the Proposition HHH Housing Challenge. The primary goal was to identify innovative construction and financing models to produce 1,000 new supportive housing units in less than two years. The City issued a request for proposals in May 2019 and allowed respondents to submit project applications before obtaining site control. In order to be considered for funding, applicants needed to demonstrate that their proposed approach is not eligible or 25 PROPOSITION HHH - RESULTS TO DATE feasible under current Proposition HHH program regulations. Development strategies submitted by applicants were evaluated by a multidisciplinary team of subject matter experts for creativity, achievability, and scalability. The City recently selected six projects that aim to provide 975 supportive housing units at an estimated cost between $200,000 and $479,000 per unit, and an average of $351,965 per unit. The projects approved by the City include modular construction, shared housing, and simplified financing. Although the long-term feasibility of these innovative approaches remains to be seen, they have the potential to significantly lower costs and shorten development timelines. The strategies outlined by the selected developers are promising; however, there is some uncertainty about whether they will all successfully reach the finish line. Each developer still needs to enter into a Memorandum of Understanding with HCIDLA and secure a location to build their projects before they can proceed. Given that some of these projects are a departure from the traditional supportive housing model, it is unclear whether future funding allocations from the State and the federal government will embrace these innovative approaches. The City’s plan to conduct an outside evaluation of the process and outcomes associated with the Proposition HHH Challenge will improve the ability to replicate successes and apply lessons from unsuccessful projects. Permanent Supportive Housing Ordinance The City initiated an effort to make changes to its zoning code to reduce project costs and speed up land use approvals for Proposition HHH-funded projects. Existing land use entitlements such as the State’s Density Bonus program or the City’s Transit-Oriented Communities (TOC) program can be used to accomplish similar goals. However, these pathways do not account for the unique characteristics of supportive housing projects (e.g., smaller units, space for supportive services). In April 2018, the City passed the Permanent Supportive Housing Ordinance. Key components of the ordinance are outlined below.  Facilitate ministerial approvals and increase the threshold that triggers site plan reviews from 50 units to 120 units (200 units in the Greater Downtown Housing Incentive Area). Site plan review can increase the time needed to begin construction, create uncertainty, and increase total project costs due to time delays. 26 PROPOSITION HHH - RESULTS TO DATE In addition, the Department of City Planning noted that the 50 unit threshold has historically pushed some developers to reduce their projects to 49 units or less in order to avoid site plan reviews, even though the zoning capacity allows for additional units.  Increase the number of permanent supportive housing units that can be built by easing zoning restrictions that cause projects consisting entirely of studio apartments to reach their density limit before they fully maximize the amount of buildable space.  Ensure that space used for supportive services and community gathering areas within each housing development do not count toward total allowable floor area (FAR) restrictions.  Reduce development costs by eliminating the requirement to build parking spaces for supportive housing units. Vehicle ownership is significantly lower among the target population, and removing the requirement can save tens of thousands of dollars per parking space, especially those located in underground garages.31 Shortly after the ordinance was approved, two lawsuits were filed by community groups claiming that the City violated the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). Given the uncertainty caused by the lawsuits, Proposition HHH permanent supportive housing projects have been unable to take advantage of the tailored benefits offered by the ordinance The City recently partnered with the State and crafted a bill (AB 1197) to make it easier to build supportive housing and emergency shelters without fulfilling certain CEQA requirements. According to the City, the legislation will increase the likelihood that the lawsuit against the Permanent Supportive Housing Ordinance will be dismissed or otherwise favorably resolved. The bill was signed by the Governor on September 26, 2019. 31 The target population is defined as “persons with qualifying lower incomes who: (i) have one or more disabilities, including mental illness, HIV or AIDS, substance abuse, or other chronic health condition, and are homeless as defined by any Los Angeles City, Los Angeles County, State of California, or Federal guidelines; or (ii) are chronically homeless, as defined by any Los Angeles City, Los Angeles County, State of California, or Federal guidelines.” 27 PROPOSITION HHH - RESULTS TO DATE Executive Directive #13 and Proposition HHH Concierge The Mayor issued Executive Directive #13 (ED13) in October 2015 to facilitate streamlined and prioritized case processing for all affordable housing developments. Although it was issued before Proposition HHH, the strategies outlined within ED13 apply to supportive housing developments. Three departments were included in ED13 – City Planning, Building and Safety, and HCIDLA. Despite the existence of ED13 and other efforts to expedite projects, external stakeholders and respondents to the Proposition HHH survey completed in January 2019 provided critical feedback that indicated more needed to be done.  Expand the scope of authority of Executive Directive 13 by establishing priority case processing in other City departments such as Engineering, Department of Water and Power, and Fire Department.  Increase the number of dedicated staff across multiple departments to shepherd supportive housing projects through the approvals process.  Create a “one-stop-shop” for all permanent supportive housing projects. This interdepartmental task force would help expedite and prioritize permitting. The City recently received a $1.5 million grant from United Way of Greater Los Angeles to create and fund the Housing Crisis Response Team within the Mayor’s Office of Citywide Homeless Initiatives. The funding covers a three-year period, and the team’s primary function is to oversee and implement the Proposition HHH Challenge. The grant also provided funding for the establishment of an Affordable Housing Production Manager position (also referred to as the “HHH Concierge”). The HHH Concierge is responsible for designing policies and coordinating with HCIDLA staff, developers, and City departments to move projects to completion. In addition, the HHH Concierge is tasked with the development of a tracking system to improve information sharing and notification protocols across City departments. The establishment of this position is encouraging and increases the likelihood that the 60 projects currently in pre-development will begin and complete construction as quickly as possible. However, given the City’s longstanding challenges in these areas, it is unclear why this did not occur sooner. 28 PROPOSITION HHH - RESULTS TO DATE QUESTION #3: What should the City do? The performance of the program to date (i.e., high costs and lengthy development timelines) suggests that a course correction is required. Proposition HHH will eventually increase the overall supply of permanent supportive housing, but the City’s decision to conditionally award nearly all of the remaining funds without taking advantage of some of the strategies outlined above may represent a missed opportunity. Recent developments indicate that some Proposition HHH funds that have been conditionally awarded may warrant a fresh look, either today or in the future. For example, the Proposition HHH Challenge has the potential to significantly reduce perunit development costs and complete construction within two years. In comparison, the City’s traditional approach provides developers with two years to assemble funding. Similarly, developers who previously obtained land use entitlements may benefit from the Permanent Supportive Housing Ordinance, if it becomes available. Most Proposition HHH housing projects are in the early or middle pre-development stages, and therefore, formal loan agreements have not been executed. This may provide an opportunity to reevaluate planned construction and financing activities. Making significant changes to projects that are at the latter stages of the predevelopment process may not be feasible. However, the City should encourage developers to emulate what has been successful in other projects and incorporate emerging approaches to reducing Proposition HHH project costs and development timelines. City Policymakers should consider the following recommendations in order to maximize the impact of Proposition HHH funds. Recommendation #1 Evaluate the feasibility of reallocating some Proposition HHH funds that have been conditionally funded, especially funds committed to housing projects with outlier development costs. This may free up funding for projects with lower per-unit costs or for temporary shelters and other facilities. a. If shared housing, prefabricated construction, or simplified financing are demonstrated to be meaningful and scalable strategies through the Proposition HHH Challenge, allow developers that have been previously awarded Proposition HHH funding to modify their project proposals. 29 PROPOSITION HHH - RESULTS TO DATE b. If AB 1197 facilitates timely resolution of ongoing litigation challenging the City’s Permanent Supportive Housing Ordinance, allow and encourage developers to reconfigure previously-approved HHH projects so that the unique characteristics of supportive housing units are incorporated into land use approvals. c. If previously-committed Proposition HHH funding becomes available, prioritize the development of facilities such as shelters, clinics, storage, and showers to help better manage the immediate needs of Angelenos experiencing homelessness. Recommendation #2 Support the Proposition HHH Concierge’s efforts to streamline permitting and other processes to ensure that projects that are currently – or will soon be – in the development pipeline are completed as quickly as possible. a. Require City departments not covered by Executive Directive #13 (e.g., Water and Power, Fire, Engineering) to publicly and regularly report their progress on moving Proposition HHH housing developments to completion. b. If necessary, consider adding dedicated staff (either in City departments or on the Housing Crisis Response Team) to focus on these issues. 30 II. Proposition HHH FY2018 Financial Audit Proposition HHH tasks the Controller’s Office with performing financial audits for every year in which bonds are outstanding, or any bond proceeds remain unspent. The financial audit for FY2018 did not identify any significant irregularities or improprieties; however, there are two specific issues that needed to be resolved. We will continue to monitor these issues moving forward and conduct subsequent financial audits, as required. TIMING OF PROPOSITION HHH BOND ISSUANCES As part of our review, we found that the City issued a Proposition HHH bond too early and incurred debt before projects were ready to begin using the funds. The City issued its first Proposition HHH bond ($86,370,000) in July 2017. Due to the length of time it takes for projects to begin construction, only $3,676,308 was actually spent during that fiscal year. Rather than spending down the remaining available funds from the initial bond issuance, the City subsequently issued another bond ($276,200,000) in July 2018. As of June 30, 2019, the City spent only $26.8 million of the first bond and $35.7 million of the second bond.32 While the City Administrative Officer’s (CAO) Debt Management Group sought to issue the 2018 Proposition HHH bond in order to have funds available for a speedy rollout of planned projects, it is challenging to predict when bond proceeds will be needed for actual disbursement. Conditional commitments of Proposition HHH funds are made early in the process, and developers must secure additional funding and successfully navigate the City’s permitting framework before the loan is executed and construction begins. As a result, only a small portion of the available Proposition HHH bond proceeds have actually been spent. Although the City is currently earning an estimated average annualized rate of 1.80% for the unused HHH bond proceeds, it is paying approximately 3.45% for Proposition HHHissued bonds, resulting in an estimated loss of 1.64%.33 As of June 30, 2019, the July 2018 bond issuance triggered an estimated $5.2 million in early net interest expense 32 This data was extracted from the City’s Financial Management System (FMS). This concept is known as “negative arbitrage” and occurs when the interest rate a borrower pays on its debt is higher than the interest rate the borrower earns on the monies deposited or invested. 33 31 PROPOSITION HHH – FY2018 FINANCIAL AUDIT (estimated interest expense to be paid to bondholders less estimated interest earned on the issued bond proceeds) being incurred by City property taxpayers. Going forward, the City should spend down proceeds from these previously-issued bonds and evaluate whether there are enough projects that are likely to begin construction before another Proposition HHH bond is issued. The City acknowledged these issues and decided to forego issuing an additional Proposition HHH bond in 2019. DECENTRALIZED ACCOUNTING AUTHORITY Another issue we identified during the FY2017-18 financial audit was a structural weakness where no single City department is responsible for program-wide accounting decisions. HCIDLA is responsible for managing the housing component of the Proposition HHH program, as well as fulfilling the corresponding accounting activities. However, administration of the facilities component of the Proposition HHH program is split between the Office of the City Administrative Officer, which oversees program operations, and the Board of Public Works Office of Accounting, which is responsible for accounting-related activities. This arrangement caused confusion during the audit, demonstrated a lack of consistent understanding of the departments’ roles and responsibilities, and created unnecessary financial risk. We recommended clarifying this process, and the City made some improvements. However, the lack of centralized accounting authority remains and may present problems in the future, as additional funds are spent. Recommendation #3 City Policymakers should formally establish centralized accounting authority for the Proposition HHH program. 32 Appendix A FY2018 Financial Audit RON ?Alp?3m CITY DIE LUIS .LWGELES, PRGPOSHIDN BEE (Speeial Revenue fund, Capital Pl'ejeets Innti and Debt Service fund of the City.~ of Les Angeli-s]: Independent Auditor?s Reports and Financial Statements From Inception tn June 30. 2013 Certi?ed Public Accnu?tdnu 33 APPENDIX A FY2018 FINANCIAL AUDIT CITY LCIS AFGELES, F0: the Year Ended June 30: 21313 Table nffomems Independentlud?ttnr?a Repart financial Statements: Page Balance Sheet 3 Statement of Revenues, Expenditutes. and Changes in Fund Balance 4 Notes to the Financial Statements 5 Other Report: Independent Auditat' 5 Repeat an Internal Contra-1 Deer Financial Reporting and on and Other Matters Based on an Audit nf Financial Statements Performed in Accmdance with Gm'emmemdad?ing Standard: RON 13 34 APPENDIX A FY2018 FINANCIAL AUDIT Eel Futllr: Accountants IndependentAuditor?s Report CityConocil City of Los Angeles, California Report on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying ?nancial statements of the Proposition HEB Special Eevnnrethd, Capital Projects Fund and Debt Service Fund {collectively the ?Funds?; of the City of Los Angeles, California {City}, as of and for the year ended. ere and the related notes to the ?nancial statements, as listed in the table of contents. Management?s Responsibilityfor tire F?roneiol Statements Management is responsible for the preparation and fair [sesentation of these ?nancial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America: this includes thedesigu, presentation of ?nancial statements that are free from. material misstatement, whether due to fraud or corn. Auditor?s Dru responsibility is to express an opinion on ?iese ?nancial statements based on our audit We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of Anterica and the standards applicable to ?nancial audits contained in Government Auditing Standards, issued by the Comptroller General of the United Stams. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the ?nancial statements are ?ne from material misstatement. An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the ?nancial statements The procedures selected depend on the auditor's judgment, including the assessment ofthe risks ofmaterial misstatement of the ?nancial statements, whether due to ?aud or error. Inmalring those risk assessments, the auditor considers intinnal control relevantto the entity?s preparation thatare appropriatein the circtunstances, but not for the purpose of an opinion on the effectiveness ofthe entity's internal control. Accordingly, we espress no such opinion. An audit also evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of signi?cant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation ofthe ?nancial statements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is suf?cient and approtuiate to provide a basis for our audit opinionAPPENDIX A FY2018 FINANCIAL AUDIT ?pt'nt'on In our opinion. the ?nancial statements referred to above present fairly. in all material respects. the ?nancial position of the Proposition Special Revenue Fund. Capital Projects Fimd and Debt Service Fund as of Tune 30. l?lE. and the changes in ?nancial position thereof for the year then ended in accordance with accounting principlm generall}r accepted in the United States of America. Enlp nnrt's ofEtIntter As discussed in Note 2. the accompanying ?nancial statements present only the Funds and do not purport to. and do not. present fairly.F the ?nancial position of the {it}r as of June 30. 2013. and the changes in its ?nancitd position for the year then ended in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Our opinion is not modi?ed with respect to this matter. Other Reporting Required by ent Auditing In accordance with Government Auditing we have also issued our report dated Dctober 3. 2019 on our consideration of the City?s internal control over ?nancial reporting as it relates to the Funds and on our tests of its compliance 1with certain provisions of laws: regulations. contracts and grant agreements. and other matters. The purpose of that report is solely to describe the scope of our testing of internal control otter ?nancial reporting and compliance and the results of that testing. and not to proiide an opinion on the internal control otter ?nancial reporting or on compliance related to the Funds. That report is an integral part of an audit perforated in accordance with Government Standards in considering the City?s internal control over ?nancial reporting and compliance related to the Funds. Means 6n 5 O?C?aneff Los Angeles. California October 2. 3019 Id RON 36 in E?n?lMJuEl APPENDIX A FY2018 FINANCIAL AUDIT CITY OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA PROPOSITION HEIH FUNDS Balance Sheet June 30, .20 18 GOVERVSEENTAL FUND 5 SPECIAL CAPITAL DEBT REVENUE PROJECTS SERVICE FUYD FUND TOTAL ASSETS Cash and Pooled Investments 5 71.106.371 12.261906 .1) 6.82 5.145 90.193422 Loans Receivable (Net of Allowance for Uncolleclibles of 3.676.308 3,676 .308 Taxes Receivable (Net of Allowance for Unconectibles of $36,973) 957.752 957.752 Investment Income Receivable 292.492 47,846 23.3 20 363 .658 TOTAL ASSETS 75.075.171 12309752 7.806.217 95.191.140 S. DEFERRED LVFL OF RE SOURCE BLVD FUND EAL-LVCES 5 Accounts Payable 11.602 3 11.602 Obligations Under Securities Lending Transactions 1.290.536 211.105 122 .935 1624,1376 Other Liabilities 392.229 64.161 3 7.3 64 493 .754 TOTAL LIABILITIES 1.682.765 286,868 160.299 2.129.932 DEFERRED OF RES OURC ES Property Taxes 618,410 618.410 Interest 60.108 9.833 5 .634 75.575 Loan Interest 12.005 12.005 TOTAL DEFERRED OF RESOURCES 72.113 9.833 624.044 705.990 5 Restricted 73.320293 12.013051 7.021.874 92.355.218 OTAL S, DEFERRED OF RESOLRCES FUND BALANCES 75.075.171 5 12.309752 3 7.806.217 95.191.140 See accompanying notes to the financial statements. 3 RON @5962!" 37 APPENDIX A FY2018 FINANCIAL AUDIT Property- Taxe 5 [me stment Earnings Change 11.1 F1111 Value of Investments Other TOTAL omnmr?ty evelopme?t Capital Outlay Cost ofTs'smmce Debt Service: Interest TO EXPENDITIRES EXCESS (DEFICIENCY) OF REVENUE OVER (TNDE OTHER HNAXCIFG ES (USES) Trans fers In Transfers Out Issuance ofLong?term Debt Premium on Issuance of Long?term Debt TOTAL OTHER FINANCING SOURCES NET CHASGE TN FEED H31) JULY 1. 201.7 FIT-D BALANCES, JUNE 2018 RON CITY OF LOS ANGELES. PROPOSITION Ill-[H FUSDS Statement of Revenues. Expenditures and Changes in Fund Bala ures For the Year Ended June 30. 2018 GOVERSMEYTAL FUNDS SPECIAL CAPITAL DEBT 1131125111" PROJECTS SERVICE EDT: F1302 TO IAL 3 3 3.575673 5 8,575,678 1.003.979 164.230 33.643 1.206.352 (1.156.023) (139.102) (110.122) (1.455.247) 72 72 (151.972) (24.372) 3.504.199 3327.355 75 5.572 - 755,572 104.241 104.241 427.011 69.350 - 496.361 - 1567.497 1567.497 1.132.533 174.091 1.567.497 2.924.171 (1,334.555) (193.963) 6.936.702 5.403.134 35.172 35.172 (73.193) (11.974) (35.172) 74.227336 12.142164 36.370000 500.210 31.324 - 532.034 74.654.343 12.212.014 35.172 36.952034 73.320.293 12.013.051 7.021.374 92.355213 3 73.320.293 3 12.013051 7.021.374 92 355 213 See notes to the financial statements. .1 38 APPENDIX A FY2018 FINANCIAL AUDIT CITY DI: AEGEIIS, EHH FIE-BS Notes to the Financial Statements For the Year Ended June 3t]. 1913 In November 2015.. registered voters of tie City of Los Angelea California {City} approved Proposition HEH. Homelessness Reduction and Prevention. Housing and Facilities Bond [Bond]- authori'cing the issuance and sale of tar-table goreral obligation bonds not to ettceed to be used to ?nanoe the acquisition or unpros'ement ofreal property to provide: sippor?liye housing for extremely low income or very low income indisiduals and ?rnilies who are homeless or chronically homeless. which includes ?c?ities from which assistance and sen-ices. such as mental health treatment, health care. drug and alcohol treatment. education and job training, may be presided; temporary shelter facilities. storage facilities. shower fatalities and other ?cilities to be used to preside supportive senices or goods to. or otherwise bene?t. those who are homeless: cloonically honnaless or at rislc of honJelessness', (cl affordable housing including veterans housing for extremely low income. s-?ery low inconae and-'or low income and ?nsilies. incha?ng those who are at rislc and (Id) associated in?astructure and landscaping- including utilities: sidewalks and sheets to be used in connection with the a?srenientioned housing units and other facilities: any of which may be operated: managed. owned or used by the City, other public entities. nonpro?t entities or private entities. as permitted by law. The table below as ofJ-?uneJD, 2918: Amount Date Voter authorization November it. 2015 Bonds issued: Series Itlli?A Bond 85.3 July IE. Authorized but unissued i l_.l 151.630.th The following projects were mcluded in the Series 2911A Bond: 8311' St Vermont PATH Metro 1 tTillaas Phase 1 Sir: Four Nine Lofts, McCadden Plaza Youth Housing. lEssa Del Sol, Flor 401 Lo?s. Rise Aparmaents. SP 7' Apartments the Pointe on South Campus. CD 3 Nasigation Center. 38* St Vermont Youth and Comnninity Center. Joshua House Health Center. of Hope and Homeless 1inlets at the Marital Subsequent to June it}. 2013- agreements 1with ICounter ofHope and Homeless Vets- at the Mission were not executed I PDIJCIES Bart's ofPresenton'ot: The accompanying ?nancial statements present only the ?nancial position and the changes in ?nancial position of the Proposition Funds [Funds] and do not purport to- and do not. present City" 5 financial position as ofJnne St}. 21313 and the changes in its ?nancial position ofthe for the year then ended in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The Funds are comprised ofthe following governmental funds: The mecial re't'enue ?uid is used to account for ?nancial resources for loans to developers for ?nancing ofpercnanent supportive housing. afordable housing and supportive facilities for the homeless. The capital projects fund is used to account for ?nancial resources for capital outlays for the City's supportive housing facilities for homeless activities. RON ?Atptam 39 in caulk-Juli" APPENDIX A FY2018 FINANCIAL AUDIT CITY 01: LBS ANGELEE, BEE Notes to the Financial StatenEnts {Continued} For the Year Ended June 3t}. 1313 2 Elm-1R1." DI ACCDETIEG POLICIES The debt service fund is used to account for the payment of the matucing principal and interest ?om property tart collections. The Funds' activities are reported using the current ?nancial resources measurement focus and the modi?ed accrual basis of accounting- Revenues are recognized as soon as they are both measurable and available. Revenues are considered to be available when Ihey are collectible within the current period or soon enough therea?er to pay liabilities of the current period The City considers revenues to be available if collected within ?ll days of the end of the current ?scal period Revenue ?om property taxes are recognized in the ?scal year for which the tastes are levied. Expenditures are generally recorded when a liability is incurred, as under accrual accounting, However, debt services expendibires are recorded only when payment rs due. Cash and PooledIm'esrms-Hts Cash and pooled investments represents the Funds" allocated portion of the City:s pooled cash and investments. Cash and pooled investments are stated at fair value based on quoted market prices or values of comparable investments. except for money market investments that have remaining maturities of one year or less at the time which are reported at amortized cost. Interest earned on such pooled is allocated to the City ?rnds based on each fund's average daily cash balance timing the allocation period. As permitted by the California Government l[L'ode {Code}- the City engages in securities lending activities. The Funds? share of assets and liabilities arising from the reinvested cash collateral hm been recognized in the ?nancial statements. Loans Receivable Prop loans are recorded when a warrant is issued for an approved expenditure of the prayect. Interest at the rate ofthree percent per annum accrues on the principal amount outstanding horn the date of the warrant, until the loan is repaid No allowance for doubtful loans receivable has been established for loans during construction. Deferred In?ows nfResonrrer A deferred in?ow of resources is de?ned as an acquisition of ?uid balance that applies to a future periodtjs) and so will not be recognized as an inlflorvr ofresonrces {revenues} until that time. Revenues and other governmental fund ?nancial resources. are recognises-d in the accounting period in which they become both measurable and available. Deferred in?ows of resources reported on the balanoe sheet represent revenues that were not received within the ICity's ISO?day availability period. ?tlter Liabilities Other liabilities represents the Funds? share of the Fool's pending investments trade at year-end Fund Balances The balance sheets of governmental ?rnds classify fund balances based primarily on the extent to which the lIC?ity is bound to honor constraints on the speci?c purposes for which those funds can be spent. The Funds only have restricted fund balances at June 30. 2013. Restricted fund balance represents amounts when constraints placed on use of resources are either externally imposed by creditors {such as through debt covenants}, gamers. contributions: or laws or regulations of other governments; or imposed by law through constitutional provisions or enabling legislation. RON ?Aiesam 40 in APPENDIX A FY2018 FINANCIAL AUDIT CITY L05 .LWGIELES, CALIF DENT-1 33-111 Notes to the Financial Statements {Continued} For the Year Ended June it}- 3313 NOTE 2 UT ACCUTJ-THG romcns cam?sen; [he offs n'umtes The preparation of ?nancial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that a?ect the reported and disclosures. Accordingly. actual results may di??er from those estimates. NOTE 3 CASH PDDLED The Fields maintain their cash in the City's cash and pooled investments [the Pool}. The ICity categorizes its fair value measurements within the fair vahre hierarchy established by generally accepted accounting principles. The hierarchy is based on me valuation inputs used to measure the ?ir vahre of'the asset. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active marl-sets identical assets: Level 2 inputs are signi?cant other observable inputs; Level El inputs are signi?cant unobservable inputs. is oflnne 1018. Ihe Funds share of the Pool was 599,193,421 1:Ivhich represents approainmtely 1.00% of the Pool There are no speci?c belonging to the Funds. The Pool is not rated as of June 30.. 2013. The City issues a publicly available ?nancial report that complete disclos 3 related to the entire cash and investment pool. The report may be obtained by writing to the lCity of Los ?ngeles: Of?ce of the Controller. l?l} North Pilain Street. City Hall East Suite Los Angeles- CA 90012. or by calling {213} or at fin oflor Angela's lending Program The Sectnittes Lending Program is permitted and limited under pro-Linens of California Government Code Section 535m. The City Council approved the SLP on October 32. 1991 under Council File No. 91? which complies with the Califonna Gmernment Code. The objectives of the SLIP in paintity order are sa?ety of loaned securities and prudent hivestment of cash collateral to enhance revenue ?'om the investment program The ELF is governed by a separate policy and guidelines. with oversight responsibility by the Investment Advisory Committee. The City?s custodial bank acts as the securities lending agent. In the event a counterparty defaults by reason ofan act of insolvency: the bank shall talce all actions which it deems necessary or appropriate to liquidate permitted investments and collateral in connection with such transaction and shall make a reasonable effort for two busrress days {Replacement Period} to apply the proceeds thereof to the purchase of sectnities identical to the loaned securities not returned Ifmning the Replacement Period the collateral liquidation proceeds are insuf?cient to replace any of the loaned securities not returned the hauls shalL subject to payment by the City of the amount of any losses on any permitted investments. pay such additional commits as necessaiyto make such replacement- Under the provisicals ofthe SLR and in accordance 1.1!th the Government Code, no more than 20% ofthe market value of the Pool is available for lending. The City receives cash. government securities. and ?ederal agency issued sectaities as collateral on loaned securities. The cash collateral is reinvested in securities. permitted under the msesmienr policy. In accordance with the Code. the securities lending agent marl-rs to market the value of both the collateral and the reinveslinents dailv. Except for open loans where either can terminate a lending contract on demand term loans have a maximum life of?? days. lending basistoallPool participants- RON ?Arpram 41 in caulk-Ilsa" APPENDIX A FY2018 FINANCIAL AUDIT CITY DE LOS EDIE Notes to the Financial Statements {Continued} for the Year Ended June 30. 2013 3 CASH Al's?D PDDLED The Funds participate in the City?s securities lending program through the pooled investment fluid. The Funds recognize their proportionate share ofme cash collateral received for securities loaned and the related obligation for the general invesunent pool. At Tune 341 2018- the Funds' portion ofthe cash collateral and the related securities lending obligalicn was $1534.5'r'6. The Funds" portion ofthe securities pin'clmsed ?'om the reinvested cash collateral at June 30. 3913 was $1624ji'?. Such are reported at fair value. The Funds' portion ofthe noncash collateral at lime 3D. 2018 was $2,324,4Tl. During the ?scal year. collateraliaation on all loaned securities were within the required 102% of market value. The {Cit}r can sell collateral securities only in the EVEN. ofborrower default. The lending agent provides indemni?cation for borrower default. There were no violations of legal or contracural provisions and no borrower or heading agent default losses during the year. There was no credit rislceiqtosme to the City at June 30. 2x013. Loaned securities are held by the City?s agents in the City?s name and are not subject to custodial credit risk. NOTE -I LG.LTS RECEIVABLE Loans receivable consists of two ?pes of loan programs as follows: The Housing Loan Program provides funding to project sponsors who meet speci?c criteria- This program is designed to leverage existing and future City. County. State and Federal funding streams to consnuct permanent supportive housing and a?ordahle housing units. The principal and accused interest is due and payable on the earliest of [Sitting-seven year covenant from the date of the execution of the loan. the date the property is sold assigned transferred or re?nanced. or an Event of Default by Borrower. Interest at the rate of three percent per annurn accrues on the principal amount outstanding ?om the date ofthe warrant. until paid. The Facilities Loan Program provides funding for the deteloprnent. acquisition or improvement of facilities used to provide supportive services or goods to or otherwise bene?t mouse who are homeless. chronically homeless or at risk ofhomelessness. Thane loans will he a service repayment agreement with a term corresponding to the useful life of Ihe ?cilitv. The provider is required to provide supportive services. goods. or other bene?ts to persons who are homeless for the greater of ten {Ill} years or {53} percent of the ?cilities useful life. There are no Facilities Loan Program Loans Receivable at June 30. 3513. Loans receivable consists ofthe following: 'i'l'aject Amount PATH Metro Villas Phase 2 2.331.764] 38th .St 'i-Teimont 233.54% Total 5 34576.3 3 RON ?Arpram 42 in commute APPENDIX A FY2018 FINANCIAL AUDIT CITY DE LOS BITE Notes to the Financial Statements {Continued} for the Year Ended June 30- 21313 4? RECEIVABLE In December 2017'. he City entered into a loan agreement with ls-ien'n Villas Phase 1 Los Angeles LP for an amoiult not to exceed $151332] and secured by a City Deed recorded against the property. The loan hears interest at the rate of three percent {34-15} per annum on the principal amount outstanding the date of the warrant for approved expenditures imtil paid. interest is computed based upon a ld?-day year. and a Ell?day month. The principal and accrued interest is due antlpayable on the earliest of?a} ?fty??ve {55} years from the date ofo-ccnpancy. the date the property is sold assigned. transferred. or re?nanced. or an Event ofDefIauIt by the Borrower. The loan receivable balance of?l?l Tij?? includes interest offal 1,545] at June 301 1013. In March 2018. the City entered into a loan agreement 1with 33a; .5: Vermont LP for an amount not to exceed sensuous and seemed initially by a Fee and Leasehold Deed of Trust recorded against certain fee and leasehold parcels ofthe property. and ?irther secured by the Deed of Trust recorded against the remaining fee parcels of the property. The loan bears interest at the rate of three percent per annum on the principal amount outstanding from the date of the warrant for approyed expenditures until paid Interest is computed basedupon a BEE?day year: and a 30?day month. The principal and accrued interest ts due and payable on the earliest of ?fty-?re {55} years ?'orn the date of occupancy. the date the property is sold. assigned. transferred or re?nanced. or an Event of Default by the Bormwer. The loan receivable balance of 5.833-543 includes mteaest offal-=14 at June 30. 2013. No allowance for doubt?tl accoums has been established due to management's assessment that the loans are in thetrpreliminm?y stage and will be rolled into the Permanent Supportive Housing Loan. FDTE 5 1303]] De July 13. 301.7. the City issued taxable General Obligation Bonds ((3033) Series E?ll?A in the amount of 536370300 payable through September 1. 34337. with a premium of $581334 and interest rates ranging from to The GUE- is secured by and payable it"rth property tastes. The ?rst interest payment was due and paid on March 1. 343113 in the amount of and sentiannually ?neieafter on. September 1 and March 1 of each year until maturity. The outstanding balance at June 30.. 31313 is Balance at Balance at July 1. It'll? Additions Reductions June I?roam-Juri- APPENDIX A FY2018 FINANCIAL AUDIT CITY UT LUIS -LWGIELES, Notes to the Financial Statements {Continued} For the Year Ended June 30. 1013 6 AID- At Jtme 30. 1010- the following outstanding project loan enemnbraneea are as follows: Project Amount 88th .3: Vermont Homing 5 0.041-796 Youth and {Immunity Center 3145.154 PATH Metro Villas Phase 3 501.533 Total project encumbrances 5 11114.5?! At June 30. 3013- the 3 Natrrgalim Center project. a City project- had an Manning eneumhranee of 53.140359. At June 30. 2013- the following outstanding loan connuitrnenta are as follows: Project Amount Six. Fom' Nine Lofts. 5 5.500.000 McFadden Plaza Youth Homing 5.010-290 Easa Del Sol 3.055.043 Flor-"101 lofts; 11.930000 Rise Aparhnents. 9.500.000 EFT Apartments 11000000 The Poi-ate on ?Uemtont 7.900.000 South Campus 1.302.500 Joshua House Health Center 3.300.000 Corner of Hope 4-3 5.000 Homeless Veta at ?le Marion 320.055 Total loan commitment: 5 155-033-400 NOTE SUBS-EQUEZNT Bond Repolt'meirts for the Series 2011-1 Prineipal and interest in the amount of 54.320000 and 51.231493. reapeelit-?ehr were paid on September 1. 1010 and mtereat in the amount of 51205-746 waapaid on March 1. 2019. On September 1- 3019- gumeipal and interest were paid in the amount of 54.330000 and reap-acutely. of (903 Series On Jul].r 13. 2010. the iasued taxable General ?hligation Bonds Series. 201E-A Propositionl-lI-II-I in the pemdpal mum of 53395-240000 payable throng-t Time 2039 with a premium of 51.1121660 and interest ratea ranging from 2.90% to The GDB is recur-ed by and payable with property taxes. The that interest payment was due and paid on March I. 2019 in the amount of 515-471?1354 and aemionnuallj; thertea?er on September 1 and Mardl 1 of each year tort-i] On September 1- 1019- principal and interest were paid in the amoum and respectively. 10 RON 44 APPENDIX A FY2018 FINANCIAL AUDIT CITY 105 JJTGELES, Notes to the Fi?ancial Statements.- {[?nn?nued?j For the Yea: Ended June 30. 2013 EVENTS {Continued} Pmpnii'l'fmr founm'mmn's iject as cf August 2019. fut permanem 110mg pmjects are approxm?ely 57393411162 for 314?} units and for ?tihtes. projects totaling RON 45 APPENDIX A FY2018 FINANCIAL AUDIT This page is left intentionally bIank RON ?Alfmm 46 APPENDIX A FY2018 FINANCIAL AUDIT tortilla-c Dub?: AtmLurenn Independent Auditor?s. Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and on Complianee Ind [Ither blatters Billed on ?Audit omenneinl Stelennents Performed in Accordance with HmoeahleMaon oftheCitf Colmei] Git}! ofLoe Angelo; Cnl??omia We have audited, inaoeol'dance with ?rnuditingemndenh generally.l aoeeptedin ?le United State; of Amie: and the atan?arde States, dze?naneial I'Ioposr'timHElI-I ?Funde?of?le CityofLoaAngelee, stat?nenta- Internal Conh'IIl ?wrfilnneial Repoa?tg nltelnaleomrol. of?leCitfa eontolrelatedm?le Funds. Ada?dmey ofde?elmoles, inintemel comm], enoh'?nt these is a reasonable paeeibi?ty?lat a material n?aelntement. .rign?mnt de?dangr is a de?ciency, or a combination of de?cien?ea, in intenul control that is less mommamtenal wealnean charged with gon?anaoce. bematerla] weaknesses. Compliance and Dther Matters Elnamjalatatementaale?ee?om provision: The results H64- I-oew-liv-Iml' Li RON 47 APPENDIX A FY2018 FINANCIAL AUDIT Purpose :3st Report The purpose oflhis report 1s solely" to describe the scope ofour testing ofiaiernal control and compliance and the results of that tes?ng, and not to promdde an. opinion on. The ofthe Ciw's intemal control or on compliance related to the Funds. This report is an integral pa-n? of an audit performed in accordance with .dlufin'ng in considering the City?s internal control and compliance related to the Funds. Accordingly. ?ns oomrtumication is not suitable for any other purpose. Maui-.5 @315 (?59 Los Angeles. California Dotoher 3319 14 RON 48 Ln E?n?lMJuEl Appendix B – Proposition HHH Housing Developments Project Developer Sun Commons - 6329 Depot at Hyde Park - Adams Terrace N CLYBOURN AVE CA 6527 S CRENSHAW 4347 W ADAMS 91606 BLVD CA 90043 BLVD CA 90018 Abbey Road, Inc. CD Stage GTM Holdings, LLC; Women Organizing Resources, Abode Communities PATH Ventures Knowledge and Services ("WORKS") 2 8 Pre-development PATH Villas Hollywood - 5627 W FERNWOOD AVE HOLLYWOOD, CA 90028 10 Pre-development Missouri & Bundy Housing - 11950 W MISSOURI AVE CA 90025 Thomas Safran & Associates 13 Pre-development 11 Pre-development Pre-development Total Units 103 43 86 60 74 Studio 16 0 27 49 0 1 BR 29 21 57 10 40 2 BR 32 11 2 1 19 3 BR Supportive Housing Units Mgr Unit 26 11 0 0 15 51 25 43 59 44 2 1 2 1 1 HHH Amount $ 12,000,000 $ 8,160,000 $ 12,000,000 $ 12,320,000 $ 11,520,000 TDC Amount $ 53,017,962 $ 25,116,685 $ 42,363,034 $ 41,337,495 $ 44,649,982 Land Costs $ 4,568,890 $ 2,425,000 $ 3,241,000 $ 3,586,750 $ 250,000 Construction Costs $ 36,607,159 $ 13,106,115 $ 24,004,174 $ 19,518,820 $ 22,097,000 Soft Costs $ 11,841,913 $ 9,585,570 $ 15,117,860 $ 18,231,925 $ 22,302,982 TDC Per Unit Construction Start Date $ 514,737 $ 584,109 $ 492,593 $ 688,958 $ 603,378 Construction End Date 2/3/2020 1/3/2020 1/3/2020 11/11/2019 8/12/2019 7/1/2021 7/6/2021 7/6/2021 6/4/2021 5/14/2021 49 APPENDIX B - PROPOSITION HHH HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS Project Developer PATH Villas Isla de Los Angeles Montclair (New Site Firmin Court - 418 N 283 W IMPERIAL 1 of 2) - 4220 W FIRMIN ST CA 90026 HWY CA 90061 MONT CLAIR ST CA 90018 Clifford Beers Housing; American Family Housing CD Stage Decro Corporation 8 PATH Ventures 1 Pre-development Summit View Building 205 - 11301 Apartments - 11681 WILSHIRE BLVD CA W FOOTHILL BLVD 90073 CA 91342 11681 Foothill, L.P. 10 Pre-development Figueroa Economical Housing Development Corporation 7 Pre-development 11 Pre-development 49 Pre-development 67 Total Units 54 64 46 Studio 54 29 45 37 36 1 BR 0 18 0 11 31 2 BR 0 13 1 1 0 3 BR Supportive Housing Units Mgr Unit 0 4 0 0 0 53 45 45 48 66 1 1 1 1 1 HHH Amount $ 11,660,000 $ 11,700,000 $ 9,900,000 $ 10,560,000 $ TDC Amount $ 23,728,229 $ 39,399,058 $ 31,320,269 $ 26,464,827 $ 37,994,432 Land Costs $ 1,325,000 $ 2,600,000 $ 5,288,077 $ 255,000 $ 11,000,000 Construction Costs $ 12,546,666 $ 18,722,669 $ 14,503,268 $ 14,474,307 $ 14,545,700 Soft Costs $ 9,856,563 $ 18,076,389 $ 11,528,924 $ 11,735,520 $ 12,448,732 TDC Per Unit Construction Start Date $ 439,412 $ 615,610 $ 680,875 $ 540,099 $ 567,081 Construction End Date 12,000,000 4/13/2020 11/1/2019 1/17/2020 11/1/2019 9/10/2019 11/1/2021 6/4/2021 8/25/2021 6/18/2021 3/26/2021 50 APPENDIX B - PROPOSITION HHH HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS Project Developer Hartford Villa Building 208 - 11301 Apartments - 445 S WILSHIRE BLVD #208 Hartford AVE Los CA 90073 Angeles, CA 90017 Figueroa Economical Single Room Housing Affirmed Housing Occupancy Housing Development Group, Inc Corporation Corporation CD Stage Aria Apartments (fka Cambria Apts) 1532 W CAMBRIA ST CA 90017 11 1 Pre-development McCadden Campus Senior (aka Residences on Main McCadden Plaza 6901 S MAIN ST CA Senior) - 1127 N Las 90003 Palmas AVE Los Angeles, CA 90038 Thomas Safran & Associates 1 Residences on Main, L.P. 4 9 Under Construction Under Construction Under Construction Under Construction Total Units 54 101 57 98 50 Studio 26 100 48 19 21 1 BR 28 1 8 75 15 2 BR 0 0 1 4 5 3 BR Supportive Housing Units Mgr Unit 0 0 0 0 9 53 100 56 25 49 1 1 1 1 1 HHH Amount $ 11,660,000 $ 12,000,000 $ 12,000,000 $ 5,500,000 $ 10,780,000 TDC Amount $ 35,135,102 $ 44,859,535 $ 28,478,153 $ 50,639,484 $ 26,568,641 Land Costs $ 11,000,000 $ 6,721,867 $ 3,600,000 $ 4,930,158 $ 1,770,635 Construction Costs $ 13,077,720 $ 22,787,876 $ 14,361,784 $ 23,316,800 $ 14,117,693 Soft Costs $ 11,057,382 $ 15,349,792 $ 10,516,369 $ 22,392,526 $ 10,680,313 TDC Per Unit Construction Start Date $ 650,650 $ 444,154 $ 499,617 $ 516,729 $ 531,373 Construction End Date 9/10/2019 11/8/2018 12/5/2018 12/20/2018 4/2/2019 3/26/2021 1/12/2021 9/30/2020 5/31/2020 10/30/2020 51 APPENDIX B - PROPOSITION HHH HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS Gramercy Place Apartments - 2375 W WASHINGTON BLVD CA 90018 Vermont Corridor Apartments (aka 433 West Third Vermont Apts) - 433 Apartments - 1900 S VERMONT AVE CA W 3RD ST CA 90057 90020 Project Casa de Rosas Campus - 2600 S HOOVER ST CA 90007 Western Avenue Apartments - 5501 S WESTERN AVE CA 90062 Developer WARD Economic Development Corporation Figueroa Economical Hollywood Housing Meta Housing Community Housing Development Corporation Corporation Corporation CD Stage 9 8 10 Figueroa Economical Housing Development Corporation 10 1 Under Construction Under Construction Under Construction Under Construction Loan Closed Total Units 37 33 64 72 137 Studio 15 34 0 0 137 1 BR 19 0 58 57 0 2 BR 3 0 6 15 0 3 BR Supportive Housing Units Mgr Unit 0 0 0 0 0 36 32 31 36 136 1 1 2 1 1 HHH Amount $ 7,920,000 $ 4,660,033 $ 9,920,000 $ 7,200,000 $ 10,291,998 TDC Amount $ 20,398,954 $ 11,440,379 $ 41,642,224 $ 49,729,859 $ 42,389,586 30,000,000 Land Costs $ 5,731,722 $ 6,800,000 $ 2,349,000 $ 7,400,000 $ Construction Costs $ 7,601,916 $ 1,427,250 $ 22,220,443 $ 29,627,645 $ 4,753,900 Soft Costs $ 7,065,316 $ 3,213,129 $ 17,072,781 $ 12,702,214 $ 7,635,686 TDC Per Unit Construction Start Date $ 551,323 $ 346,678 $ 650,660 $ 690,692 $ 309,413 Construction End Date 3/13/2019 12/27/2018 4/30/2019 3/27/2019 12/27/2018 5/4/2020 1/31/2020 1/20/2021 2/18/2021 3/31/2021 52 APPENDIX B - PROPOSITION HHH HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS Project Developer Ingraham Villa Rose Apartments Apartments - 1218 720 E ROSE AVE CA W INGRAHAM ST CA 90291 90017 Ingraham Apartments, L.P. CD Stage Weingart Tower II Bryson II - 2701 W (HHH PSH 1A) - 555 WILSHIRE BLVD CA 1/2 S CROCKER ST CA 90057 90013 Chelsea Investment Venice Community Corporation; Housing Corporation Weingart Tower II, LP 1 11 Pre-development 14 Pre-development Pre-development Weingart Tower (HHH PSH 1A) - 555 1/2 S CROCKER ST CA 90013 Los Angeles Housing Partnership; The Chelsea Investment Richman Group of Corporation; California Weingart Tower, LP Development Company 1 14 Pre-development Pre-development Total Units 121 35 144 64 134 Studio 120 30 122 32 106 1 BR 1 4 22 32 28 2 BR 0 1 0 0 0 3 BR Supportive Housing Units Mgr Unit 0 0 0 0 0 90 34 122 32 106 1 1 2 1 1 HHH Amount $ 12,000,000 $ 7,308,489 $ 16,000,000 $ 10,095,000 $ 16,000,000 TDC Amount $ 52,472,377 $ 18,220,401 $ 72,022,642 $ 22,518,068 $ 72,022,642 Land Costs $ 8,450,000 $ 1,182,200 $ 3,166,186 $ 1,045,000 $ 3,166,186 Construction Costs $ 27,396,323 $ 10,783,516 $ 41,552,193 $ 11,950,000 $ 41,552,193 Soft Costs $ 16,626,054 $ 6,254,685 $ 27,304,263 $ 9,523,068 $ 27,304,263 TDC Per Unit Construction Start Date $ 433,656 $ 520,583 $ 500,157 $ 351,845 $ 537,482 Construction End Date 5/23/2020 4/13/2020 4/3/2020 1/6/2020 4/3/2020 12/1/2021 11/11/2021 9/1/2021 8/2/2021 9/1/2021 53 APPENDIX B - PROPOSITION HHH HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS Project Developer Emerson Apartments (fka 67th & Main Street - 68th & Main Street Melrose 6706 S MAIN ST CA 6714 S MAIN ST CA Apartments) - 4766 90003 90003 W MELROSE AVE CA 90029 Metamorphosis on Foothill - 13574 W FOOTHILL BLVD CA 91342 Rosa De Castilla Apartments - 4208 E HUNTINGTON DR SOUTH CA 90032 Coalition for Responsible Community Development Clifford Beers Housing Inc East LA Community Corportion CD Stage Coalition for Responsible Community Development 9 Affirmed Housing Group, Inc. 9 Pre-development 13 Pre-development 7 Pre-development 14 Under Construction Under Construction Total Units 52 60 43 48 Studio 0 29 30 25 9 1 BR 0 30 12 22 55 2 BR 39 1 1 1 11 3 BR Supportive Housing Units Mgr Unit 13 0 0 0 10 26 59 42 47 63 1 1 1 1 85 2 HHH Amount $ 7,180,000 $ 12,000,000 $ 8,360,000 $ 10,340,000 $ 12,000,000 TDC Amount $ 32,485,590 $ 25,852,727 $ 29,298,093 $ 23,795,012 $ 49,065,112 Land Costs $ 3,770,965 $ 3,770,965 $ 3,625,000 $ 160,000 $ 4,564,700 Construction Costs $ 15,852,601 $ 15,852,601 $ 12,160,881 $ 14,802,934 $ 28,447,384 Soft Costs $ 12,862,024 $ 6,229,161 $ 13,512,212 $ 8,832,078 $ 16,053,028 TDC Per Unit Construction Start Date $ 624,723 $ 430,879 $ 681,351 $ 495,729 $ 577,237 Construction End Date 5/22/2020 1/6/2020 11/1/2019 2/27/2019 5/2/2019 12/1/2021 7/14/2021 6/18/2021 10/27/2020 10/1/2020 54 APPENDIX B - PROPOSITION HHH HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS Project Developer Broadway Apartments - 301 W 49TH ST 1-30 CA 90037 Figueroa Economical Housing Abode Communities Development Corporation CD Stage Grandview Apartments - 714 S GRAND VIEW ST CA 90057 9 1 Loan Closed Pre-development Southside Seniors Temple View - 3200 1655 W W TEMPLE ST CA MANCHESTER AVE 90026 CA 90047 Innovative Housing Opportunities; John Stanley, Inc.; LINC Housing Concerned Citizens Corporation Community Involvement 8 13 Pre-development Pre-development The Brine Residential - 1829 N HANCOCK ST CA 90031 Decro Corporation 1 Pre-development Total Units 35 100 50 64 97 Studio 26 0 18 63 62 29 1 BR 8 53 32 0 2 BR 1 28 0 1 6 3 BR Supportive Housing Units Mgr Unit 0 19 0 0 0 34 54 36 58 49 1 1 1 1 1 HHH Amount $ 4,443,480 $ 12,000,000 $ 9,320,000 $ 12,760,000 $ 11,560,000 TDC Amount $ 11,520,534 $ 63,975,453 $ 24,801,907 $ 28,920,289 $ 49,521,687 Land Costs $ 700,000 $ 7,597,100 $ 2,166,000 $ 2,295,000 $ 3,509,936 Construction Costs $ 1,513,750 $ 35,085,443 $ 14,569,622 $ 17,141,276 $ 26,935,458 Soft Costs $ 9,306,784 $ 21,292,910 $ 8,066,285 $ 9,484,013 $ 19,076,293 TDC Per Unit Construction Start Date $ 329,158 $ 639,755 $ 496,038 $ 451,880 $ 510,533 Construction End Date 6/6/2019 12/7/2020 3/2/2020 1/31/2020 3/18/2020 3/31/2021 6/1/2022 9/15/2021 8/13/2021 10/1/2021 55 APPENDIX B - PROPOSITION HHH HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS Project Developer Washington View The Pointe on La Apartments - 1912 S Brea - 843 N LA BREA BONSALLO AVE CA AVE CA 90038 90007 Reseda Theater Senior Housing (Canby Woods West) - 7221 N CANBY AVE CA 91335 Main Street Berendo Sage - 1035 Apartments - 5501 S S BERENDO ST CA MAIN ST CA 90037 90006 Western Pacific Housing, LLC Thomas Safran & Associates Highridge Costa Development Company, LLC CD Stage EAH INC 1 5 Pre-development 3 Pre-development West Hollywood Community Housing Corporation 9 Pre-development 1 Pre-development Pre-development Total Units 122 50 26 57 Studio 26 49 0 42 8 1 BR 95 0 24 1 22 42 2 BR 1 1 2 14 6 3 BR Supportive Housing Units Mgr Unit 0 0 0 0 6 91 49 13 56 21 1 1 1 1 1 HHH Amount $ 12,000,000 $ 8,624,000 $ 4,060,000 $ 8,512,000 $ 6,620,000 TDC Amount $ 50,363,460 $ 25,785,374 $ 12,882,549 $ 32,824,507 $ 26,813,981 Land Costs NA $ 5,215,000 $ 1,210,000 $ 3,271,000 $ 2,100,000 Construction Costs NA $ 12,387,557 $ 6,269,000 $ 20,040,522 $ 14,552,036 $ 8,182,817 $ 5,403,549 $ 9,512,985 $ 10,161,945 $ 515,707 $ 495,483 $ 575,869 $ 638,428 Soft Costs TDC Per Unit Construction Start Date Construction End Date NA $ 412,815 1/17/2020 3/2/2020 1/31/2020 3/6/2020 1/31/2020 7/1/2021 9/15/2021 8/16/2021 9/15/2021 11/1/2021 56 APPENDIX B - PROPOSITION HHH HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS Project Developer Montecito II Senior The Dahlia (aka Housing - 6668 W Serenity - 923 S South Main Street FRANKLIN AVE KENMORE AVE CA Apartments) - 12003 HOLLYWOOD, CA 90006 S MAIN ST CA 90061 90028 Solaris - 1141 S Talisa - 9502 N VAN CRENSHAW BLVD CA NUYS BLVD CA 91402 90019 Affirmed Housing Group, Inc. Domus GP LLC CD Stage Thomas Safran & Associates 15 Domus GP LLC 13 Pre-development 10 Pre-development Domus GP LLC 10 Pre-development 6 Pre-development Pre-development Total Units 56 64 75 43 49 Studio 43 28 40 0 0 1 BR 12 36 35 23 5 2 BR 1 0 0 16 30 3 BR Supportive Housing Units Mgr Unit 0 0 0 4 14 55 32 74 42 48 1 1 1 1 1 HHH Amount $ 12,000,000 $ 10,140,000 $ 13,520,000 $ 9,240,000 $ 10,560,000 TDC Amount $ 29,767,145 $ 38,463,674 $ 37,551,673 $ 24,403,352 $ 29,458,224 Land Costs $ 1,675,000 $ 170,000 $ 6,758,690 $ 3,650,000 $ 5,100,000 Construction Costs $ 18,160,881 $ 23,729,500 $ 23,349,241 $ 13,590,751 $ 14,859,900 Soft Costs $ 9,931,264 $ 14,564,174 $ 7,443,742 $ 7,162,601 $ 9,498,324 TDC Per Unit Construction Start Date $ 531,556 $ 600,995 $ 500,689 $ 567,520 $ 601,188 Construction End Date 3/2/2020 1/31/2020 3/2/2020 3/18/2020 3/18/2020 9/15/2021 8/16/2021 9/15/2021 10/1/2021 10/1/2021 57 APPENDIX B - PROPOSITION HHH HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS Project Developer Santa Monica & Vermont Sherman Oaks Deepwater - 1424 N 11408 S Central Ave PICO - 4200 W PICO Apartments Phase 2 - Senior - 14536 W DEEPWATER AVE CA 11408 S CENTRAL BLVD CA 90019 4718 W SANTA BURBANK BLVD 90744 AVE CA 90059 MONICA BLVD CA VAN NUYS, CA 91411 90029 LINC Community Development Corporation CD Stage Wakeland Housing and Development Corporation 15 SMV Housing, L.P. 10 Pre-development Mercy Housing California 13 Pre-development LINC Housing Corporation 4 Pre-development 15 Pre-development Pre-development Total Units 56 54 93 55 Studio 0 53 32 54 0 1 BR 55 1 37 1 63 64 2 BR 1 0 22 0 0 3 BR Supportive Housing Units Mgr Unit 0 0 2 0 1 55 53 47 54 63 1 1 1 1 1 HHH Amount $ 12,100,000 $ 11,410,000 $ 12,000,000 $ 11,880,000 $ 10,112,000 TDC Amount $ 28,277,269 $ 30,585,648 $ 54,922,118 $ 26,287,515 $ 34,090,083 Land Costs $ 1,385,000 NA $ 7,382,826 $ 2,854,446 $ 3,090,000 Construction Costs $ 16,955,280 NA $ 32,362,057 $ 13,814,823 $ 19,795,232 Soft Costs $ 9,936,989 $ 15,177,235 $ 9,618,246 $ 11,204,851 TDC Per Unit Construction Start Date $ 504,951 $ 590,560 $ 477,955 $ 532,658 Construction End Date NA $ 566,401 3/18/2020 6/17/2020 12/1/2020 5/18/2020 5/25/2020 10/1/2021 1/7/2022 12/1/2022 12/1/2021 11/30/2021 58 APPENDIX B - PROPOSITION HHH HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS Project Developer Enlightenment Plaza Los Lirios - Phase I - 316 N Apartments - 119 S JUANITA AVE CA SOTO ST CA 90033 90004 Stage Gospel Truth CDC, BRIDGE Housing Inc.; Innovative Corporation; BRIDGE Housing Housing Corporation Opportunities; John Stanley, Inc. Flexible PSH Solutions CD Vermont/Manchest Normandie 84 - 8401 Weingart Tower 1B er - 8400 S S NORMANDIE AVE HHH PSH - 554 S SAN VERMONT AVE CA CA 90044 PEDRO ST CA 90013 90044 13 14 Pre-development Weingart Tower 1B, LP; Chelsea Investment Corporation 8 Pre-development 14 Pre-development Pre-development BRIDGE Housing Corporation; Coalition for Responsible Community Development 8 Pre-development Total Units 105 64 42 104 180 Studio 83 13 10 103 N/A 1 BR 20 18 32 1 N/A 2 BR 2 17 0 0 N/A 3 BR Supportive Housing Units Mgr Unit 0 16 0 0 N/A 103 20 34 83 90 2 1 1 1 2 HHH Amount $ 9,600,000 $ 2,000,000 $ 8,180,000 $ 16,000,000 $ 12,400,000 TDC Amount $ 40,101,000 $ 35,719,050 $ 18,849,299 $ 64,622,612 $ 41,203,528 Land Costs NA $ 1,280,000 $ 1,293,000 $ 2,420,000 $ 15,000 Construction Costs NA $ 24,885,942 $ 11,478,916 $ 40,347,367 $ 25,670,366 $ 9,553,108 $ 6,077,383 $ 21,855,245 $ 15,518,162 $ 558,110 $ 448,793 $ 621,371 $ 228,908 Soft Costs TDC Per Unit Construction Start Date Construction End Date NA $ 381,914 4/3/2020 12/2/2020 5/18/2020 11/17/2020 5/18/2020 10/16/2021 7/20/2022 12/1/2021 6/1/2022 12/1/2021 59 APPENDIX B - PROPOSITION HHH HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS Project Developer Sun King First and Boyle - 100 La Veranda - 2420 E 6th and San Julian - Ambrosia - 823 W Apartments - 12128 S BOYLE AVE CA CESAR E CHAVEZ 401 E 6TH ST CA MANCHESTER AVE SHELDON ST Los 90033 AVE CA 90033 90014 CA 90044 Angeles, CA 91352 Many Mansions, a California nonprofit MANY MANSIONS corporation; Azure Development Inc. CD Stage 14 Abode Communities 6 Pre-development Mercy Housing California 14 Pre-development The Skid Row Housing Trust 14 Pre-development 8 Pre-development Pre-development Total Units 44 26 77 94 100 Studio 19 0 0 0 99 1 BR 19 12 0 93 0 2 BR 6 11 54 1 1 3 BR Supportive Housing Units Mgr Unit 0 3 23 0 0 43 25 38 75 80 1 1 1 1 1 HHH Amount $ 9,460,000 $ 5,500,000 $ 9,120,000 $ 15,320,000 $ 15,900,000 TDC Amount $ 24,270,021 $ 14,615,050 $ 53,111,065 $ 53,866,560 $ 54,957,044 Land Costs $ 1,636,750 $ 800,000 $ 7,240,000 $ 6,225,500 $ 6,256,196 Construction Costs $ 13,223,077 $ 8,603,147 $ 28,946,150 $ 24,827,095 $ 27,446,401 Soft Costs $ 9,410,194 $ 5,211,903 $ 16,924,915 $ 22,813,965 $ 21,254,447 TDC Per Unit Construction Start Date $ 551,591 $ 562,117 $ 689,754 $ 573,049 $ 549,570 Construction End Date 5/8/2020 5/18/2020 5/18/2020 5/18/2020 12/1/2020 7/2/2021 12/1/2021 12/1/2021 12/1/2021 6/1/2022 60 APPENDIX B - PROPOSITION HHH HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS Project Developer Santa Monica & Vermont Confianza - 14142 W 4719 Normandie Sylmar II - 12667 N Apartments Phase 1 VANOWEN ST VAN 4719 S NORMANDIE SAN FERNANDO 4718 W SANTA NUYS, CA 91405 AVE CA 90037 ROAD CA 91342 MONICA BLVD CA 90029 SMV Housing, L.P. CD Stage The Skid Row Housing Trust 13 Wakeland Housing and Development Corporation 2 Pre-development West Hollywood Sylmar II, LP; Meta Community Housing Housing Corporation Corporation 8 Pre-development Mariposa Lily - 1055 S MARIPOSA AVE CA 90006 7 Pre-development 43 1 Pre-development Pre-development 41 Total Units 94 71 Studio 31 70 42 53 10 1 BR 38 0 1 3 15 2 BR 22 1 0 0 11 3 BR Supportive Housing Units Mgr Unit 3 0 0 0 5 47 70 42 45 20 1 1 1 1 56 1 HHH Amount $ 12,000,000 $ 13,200,000 $ 8,990,000 $ 10,900,000 $ 5,120,000 TDC Amount $ 54,930,603 $ 37,040,803 $ 25,079,176 $ 25,088,985 $ 28,743,963 Land Costs $ 7,382,826 $ 3,541,613 NA $ 2,001,090 $ 2,130,000 Construction Costs $ 32,362,052 $ 19,462,456 NA $ 13,009,933 $ 15,413,997 Soft Costs $ 15,185,725 $ 14,036,734 $ 10,077,962 $ 11,199,966 TDC Per Unit Construction Start Date $ 584,368 $ 521,701 $ 448,018 $ 701,072 Construction End Date NA $ 583,237 12/1/2020 6/1/2020 5/18/2020 5/18/2020 4/15/2020 12/1/2022 12/1/2021 12/1/2021 12/1/2021 1/15/2022 61 APPENDIX B - PROPOSITION HHH HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS Project Developer Asante Apartments 803 E. 5th St - 803 E 11001 S BROADWAY 5TH ST CA 90013 CA 90061 Affirmed Housing Group, Inc. CD Stage Coalition for Responsible Community Development 8 410 E. Florence Watts Works - 9502 Avenue - 410 E S COMPTON AVE CA FLORENCE AVE CA 90002 90003 NEIGHBORHOOD Unique Construction WORKS 9502 DDCM Incorporated; & DEVELOPMENT, LLC; RCC MGP LLC Development, Inc. Decro Corporation 14 Pre-development 15 Pre-development Colorado East - 2453 W COLORADO BLVD CA 90041 9 Pre-development 14 Pre-development Pre-development Total Units 55 95 25 51 Studio 35 94 25 50 0 1 BR 19 0 0 0 26 2 BR 1 1 0 1 14 3 BR Supportive Housing Units Mgr Unit 0 0 0 0 1 54 94 24 50 40 1 1 1 1 41 1 HHH Amount $ 11,880,000 $ 15,120,000 $ 2,400,000 $ 7,000,000 $ 8,800,000 TDC Amount $ 28,204,968 $ 37,960,970 $ 9,340,000 $ 15,719,266 $ 22,149,944 Land Costs $ 1,615,000 $ 12,600,000 $ 403,500 $ 1,048,066 $ 3,820,000 Construction Costs $ 17,210,881 $ 16,438,800 $ 5,150,433 $ 12,469,000 $ 12,396,300 Soft Costs $ 9,379,087 $ 8,922,170 $ 3,886,067 $ 2,202,200 $ 5,933,644 TDC Per Unit Construction Start Date $ 512,818 $ 399,589 $ 373,600 $ 308,221 $ 540,243 Construction End Date 2/1/2020 10/15/2019 10/1/2019 10/1/2019 9/16/2019 7/30/2021 7/21/2021 4/15/2021 4/15/2021 7/14/2021 62 APPENDIX B - PROPOSITION HHH HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS Project Developer The Pointe on Vermont - 7600 S VERMONT AVE CA 90044 Stage Total Units Skid Row Housing Trust EAH INC CD SP7 Apartments 519 E 7TH ST CA 90014 8 McCadden Plaza Youth Housing 1136 N MCCADDEN PL CA 90038 Thomas Safran & Associates 14 4 RISE Apartments - Casa del Sol - 10966 4050 S FIGUEROA ST W RATNER ST CA CA 90037 91352 Highridge Costa Development Company, LLC; A Community of Single Room Friends Occupancy Housing Corporation 9 6 Under Construction Under Construction Under Construction Under Construction Under Construction 100 26 57 44 50 Studio 8 99 26 56 17 1 BR 27 0 0 1 26 2 BR 8 1 0 0 1 3 BR Supportive Housing Units Mgr Unit 7 0 0 0 0 25 55 25 56 43 1 1 1 1 1 HHH Amount $ 7,900,000 $ 12,000,000 $ 5,018,298 $ 9,500,000 $ 8,065,143 TDC Amount $ 27,262,166 $ 49,879,526 $ 13,036,552 $ 31,744,893 $ 21,789,065 Land Costs $ 1,120,000 $ 5,287,785 $ 1,425,000 $ 1,845,065 $ 1,900,000 Construction Costs $ 14,672,420 $ 15,050,676 $ 7,586,261 $ 13,347,487 $ 10,893,009 Soft Costs $ 11,469,746 $ 29,541,065 $ 4,025,291 $ 16,552,341 $ 8,996,056 TDC Per Unit Construction Start Date $ 545,243 $ 498,795 $ 501,406 $ 556,928 $ 495,206 Construction End Date 6/27/2019 9/28/2018 9/24/2018 10/30/2018 9/27/2018 12/14/2020 11/6/2020 11/6/2020 7/31/2020 4/1/2020 63 APPENDIX B - PROPOSITION HHH HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS Project Developer 649 LOFTS (aka Six FLOR 401 Lofts - 401 Four Nine Lofts) E 7TH ST CA 90014 649 S WALL ST CA 90014 Skid Row Housing Trust CD Stage Skid Row Housing Trust 14 Hope on 6th - 576 W. 6th Street Los Angeles, CA 90731 PATH Metro Villas Phase 2 - 320 N MADISON AVE CA 90004 88th & Vermont 8730 S VERMONT AVE CA 90044 PATH Ventures Women Organizing Resources, 1010 Development Knowledge and Corporation Services 14 13 8 Under Construction Under Construction Under Construction Under Construction 15 Under Review (as of Sep 30, 2019) Total Units 99 55 122 62 49 Studio 98 54 60 12 15 1 BR 0 0 60 20 16 2 BR 1 1 2 24 18 3 BR Supportive Housing Units Mgr Unit 0 0 0 6 0 49 28 90 46 31 1 1 2 2 1 HHH Amount $ 11,980,000 $ 5,500,000 $ 3,513,721 $ 9,680,000 $ 6,040,000 TDC Amount $ 49,687,818 $ 28,407,343 $ 55,050,829 $ 34,069,046 $ 28,615,371 Land Costs $ 6,060,000 $ 2,109,420 $ 4,000,000 $ 4,496,025 $ Construction Costs $ 20,240,844 $ 15,498,918 $ 30,441,256 $ 17,048,602 Soft Costs $ 23,386,974 $ 10,799,005 $ 20,609,573 $ 12,524,419 TDC Per Unit Construction Start Date $ 501,897 $ 516,497 $ 451,236 $ 549,501 Construction End Date 1,207,285 NA NA $ 583,987 12/4/2018 12/19/2017 12/13/2017 3/28/2018 4/1/2020 10/16/2020 10/16/2019 3/20/2020 11/30/2019 10/1/2021 64 APPENDIX B - PROPOSITION HHH HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS Project Developer CD Stage Silver Star II - 65766604 S. West Boulevard Los Angeles, CA 90043 Lorena Plaza - 3401 East 1st Street, Los Angeles, CA 90063 The Main - 15302 W. Rayen Street Los Angeles, CA 91343 Chavez & Fickett The Rigby - 15314 W. 338 N. Mathews Rayen Street Street Los Angeles, CA Los Angeles, CA 91343 90033 A Connnunity of Friends A Connnunity of Friends Abbey Road, Inc. Abbey Road, Inc. Abode Conmunities 8 Under Review 14 Under Review 6 Under Review 6 Under Review 14 Under Review (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) Total Units 64 49 64 64 Studio 14 3 12 12 0 1 BR 29 18 20 20 20 2 BR 20 20 20 20 25 3 BR Supportive Housing Units Mgr Unit 1 8 12 12 15 56 32 33 33 30 1 1 1 1 60 1 HHH Amount $ 6,404,900 $ 2,903,202 $ 6,795,000 $ 6,795,000 $ 6,300,000 TDC Amount $ 26,623,932 $ 25,819,084 $ 41,018,669 $ 41,970,484 $ 41,186,592 Land Costs $ 2,400,000 $ 2,030,000 $ 2,875,000 $ 2,875,000 $ 3,060,000 Construction Costs NA NA NA NA Soft Costs NA NA NA NA TDC Per Unit Construction Start Date Construction End Date $ 415,999 $ 526,920 $ 640,917 $ NA NA 655,789 $ 686,443 7/1/2020 12/20/2020 3/1/2021 8/1/2020 1/1/2022 12/1/2021 6/1/2022 12/1/2022 5/1/2022 10/1/2023 65 APPENDIX B - PROPOSITION HHH HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS Project Developer CD Stage Hope on Hyde Park 6501 S. Crenshaw Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90043 Hope on Broadway 5138 S. Broadway Los Angeles, CA 90037 Topanga Apartments - 10243 North Topanga Canyon Boulevard Los Angeles, CA 91311 Barry Apartments 2454 S. Barry Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90064 2745-2759 Francis Ave - 2745- 2759 Francis Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90005 Aedis Aedis Affirmed Housing Group, Inc. Affirmed Housing Group, Inc. Affordable Housing CDC, Inc. 8 Under Review 9 Under Review 12 Under Review 11 Under Review 1 Under Review (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) Total Units 98 49 64 61 Studio 74 48 63 32 0 1 BR 24 1 0 17 63 64 2 BR 0 0 1 9 1 3 BR Supportive Housing Units Mgr Unit 0 0 0 3 0 97 48 63 34 63 1 1 1 1 1 HHH Amount $ 9,280,000 $ 6,720,000 $ 8,290,800 $ 6,918,400 $ 6,610,000 TDC Amount $ 40,093,334 $ 22,162,568 $ 28,617,938 $ 31,932,359 $ 30,851,806 Land Costs $ 3,500,000 $ 1,500,000 $ 1,500,000 $ 4,200,000 $ 6,000,000 Construction Costs NA NA NA NA Soft Costs NA NA NA NA TDC Per Unit Construction Start Date Construction End Date $ 409,116 $ 452,297 $ 447,155 $ NA NA 523,481 $ 482,059 10/1/2019 10/1/2019 2/1/2021 3/1/2021 9/1/2020 9/1/2020 9/1/2020 8/1/2022 9/1/2022 1/1/2022 66 APPENDIX B - PROPOSITION HHH HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS Project Developer CD Stage NoHo 5050 - 5050 5050 Yz N. Bakman Ave., Los Angeles, CA 91601 Florence Ave Apartments 2160,2164,2172 W Florence Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90047 Community Affordable Housing Century Affordable Development CDC, Inc. Development, Inc. Partners Decro Corporation Deep Green Housing and Community Development 4 Under Review 15 Under Review 1 Under Review 2 Under Review 8 Under Review (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) 537-541 N. Western Ave. - 541 N. Western Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90004 841 N. Banning - 841 N. Banning Boulevard Los Angeles, CA 90744 Westlake Housing (The Lake House) 437 S. Westlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90057 Total Units 64 64 63 40 56 Studio 27 0 28 4 25 1 BR 36 63 35 28 31 2 BR 1 1 0 8 0 3 BR Supportive Housing Units Mgr Unit 0 0 0 0 0 63 63 62 32 55 1 1 1 1 1 HHH Amount $ 6,614,118 $ 8,000,000 $ 6,510,000 $ 3,833,200 $ 6,300,000 TDC Amount $ 30,997,101 $ 31,648,058 $ 34,270,198 $ 17,564,853 $ 29,669,115 Land Costs $ 6,000,000 $ 3,500,000 $ 4,490,000 $ 1,750,000 $ 435,000 Construction Costs NA NA NA NA Soft Costs NA NA NA NA TDC Per Unit Construction Start Date Construction End Date $ 484,330 $ 494,501 $ 543,971 $ NA NA 439,121 $ 529,806 9/1/2020 9/1/2020 11/1/2020 7/1/2020 11/1/2020 3/1/2022 5/1/2022 3/1/2022 1/1/2022 9/1/2022 67 APPENDIX B - PROPOSITION HHH HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS 1615 Montana Street - 1615 W. Montana St., Los Angeles, CA 90292 4507 Main Street 4505-4507 South Main Street, Los Angeles, CA 90037 7650 Van Nuys 7650 N. Van Nuys Boulevard Los Angeles, CA 91405 Sepulveda Apartments - 8428 N Sepulveda Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 91343 Developer Domus GP llC EAH Housing Inc. EAH Housing Inc. Figueroa Economical Figueroa Economical Housing Dev. Corp. Housing Dev. Corp. CD 13 Under Review 9 Under Review 2 Under Review 6 Under Review 2 Under Review (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) Project Stage Sherman Way Apt. Preservation - 13561 W. Sherman Way, Los Angeles, CA 91405 Total Units 64 64 96 76 56 Studio 49 18 47 75 55 1 BR 14 45 48 1 0 2 BR 1 1 1 0 1 3 BR Supportive Housing Units Mgr Unit 0 0 0 0 0 63 33 49 75 55 1 1 1 1 1 HHH Amount $ 6,614,000 $ 7,239,000 $ 11,460,000 $ 10,500,000 $ 7,700,000 TDC Amount $ 30,913,179 $ 24,839,171 $ 47,426,085 $ 29,821,884 $ 20,808,990 Land Costs $ 6,200,000 $ 3,275,000 $ 5,500,000 $ 3,074,100 $ 1,456,800 Construction Costs NA NA NA NA Soft Costs NA NA NA NA TDC Per Unit Construction Start Date Construction End Date $ 483,018 $ 388,112 $ 494,022 $ NA NA 392,393 $ 371,589 10/1/2020 9/1/2020 10/1/2020 1/1/2020 1/1/2020 4/1/2022 1/1/2021 4/1/2022 8/1/2020 7/1/2020 68 APPENDIX B - PROPOSITION HHH HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS Project Developer CD Stage Enlightenment Plaza Central Apartments SOLA at 87th - 8707 S - Phase II - 316 N. 2106,2108,2112 S Western Avenue Juanita Avenue, Central Avenue Los Angeles, CA Los Angeles, CA Los Angeles, CA 90047 90004 90011 Westlake 619 The Angel - 8547 N. 619,623 S Westlake Sepulveda Avenue Boulevard, Los Los Angeles, CA Angeles, CA 91343 90057 Flexible PSH Solutions Highridge Costa Development Company Innovative Housing LA Family Housing Opportunities, Inc. Meta Housing Corporation 13 Under Review 9 Under Review 8 Under Review 6 Under Review 1 Under Review (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) Total Units 72 57 100 54 Studio 65 56 0 53 0 1 BR 6 1 51 0 36 2 BR 1 0 44 1 20 3 BR Supportive Housing Units Mgr Unit 0 0 5 0 22 71 56 51 53 30 1 1 2 1 78 1 HHH Amount $ 9,940,000 $ 7,840,000 $ 9,000,000 $ 5,565,000 $ 3,149,580 TDC Amount $ 29,956,000 $ 30,227,967 $ 61,952,493 $ 28,226,850 $ 34,276,576 Land Costs $ 4,320,000 $ 3,300,000 $ 7,600,000 $ 1,800,000 Construction Costs NA NA NA NA Soft Costs NA NA NA NA TDC Per Unit Construction Start Date Construction End Date $ 416,056 $ 530,315 $ 619,525 $ NA NA NA 522,719 $ 439,443 7/1/2020 3/1/2020 3/1/2021 11/1/2020 6/1/2020 10/1/2021 10/1/2021 6/1/2022 5/1/2022 10/1/2021 69 APPENDIX B - PROPOSITION HHH HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS Project Developer CD Stage Bell Creek Apartments - 6940 N. Owensmouth Avenue Los Angeles, CA 91303 Washington Arts Collective 4600,4601,4609,4615 W Washington Boulevard Los Angeles, CA 90016 West LA VA Campus 5th Street PSH - 411 Bldg #207 - 11301 E. 5th Street, Wilshire Blvd. #207 Los Angeles, CA Los Angeles, CA 90013 90025 Meta Housing Corporation Meta Housing Corporation Relevant Group Thomas Safran & Associates Thomas Safran & Associates 3 Under Review 10 Under Review 14 Under Review N/A Under Review 11 Under Review (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) Thatcher Yard Housing - 3233 S. Thatcher Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90292 Total Units 80 56 35 64 Studio 0 0 0 57 0 1 BR 40 30 35 7 76 2 BR 20 11 0 0 13 3 BR Supportive Housing Units Mgr Unit 20 15 0 0 9 41 20 34 63 49 1 1 1 1 98 1 HHH Amount $ 6,226,546 $ 2,097,200 $ 4,760,000 $ 8,820,000 $ 11,660,000 TDC Amount $ 39,949,602 $ 29,780,273 $ 11,657,496 $ 31,367,161 $ 54,684,712 Land Costs $ 4,560,000 $ 903,974 NA Construction Costs NA NA Soft Costs NA NA TDC Per Unit Construction Start Date Construction End Date $ 499,370 $ 531,791 $ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 333,071 $ NA 490,112 $ 558,007 5/1/2020 3/1/2020 3/1/2020 2/1/2020 3/1/2021 2/1/2022 8/1/2021 3/1/2021 7/1/2021 3/1/2023 70 APPENDIX B - PROPOSITION HHH HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS Project Developer CD Stage 4906-4926 Santa Monica - 4912 W. Santa Monica Boulevard Los Angeles, CA 90029 2652 Pico Apartments - 2652 W. Pico Boulevard Los Angeles, CA 90006 11010 Santa Monica Blvd - 11010 Santa Monica Boulevard Los Angeles, CA 90025 Wakeland Housing Venice Community & Development Housing Corporation Corp. Wakeland Housing & Development Corp. Weingart Center Association and Valued Housing 11 Under Review 13 Under Review 1 Under Review 5 Under Review (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) (as of Sep 30, 2019) Lincoln Apartments 2467 S. Lincoln Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90291 Total Units 40 62 54 51 Studio 28 61 53 50 1 BR 9 0 0 0 2 BR 3 1 1 1 3 BR Supportive Housing Units Mgr Unit 0 0 0 0 39 61 53 50 1 1 1 HHH Amount $ 5,460,000 $ 5,225,000 TDC Amount $ Land Costs $ 19,537,023 $ 3,100,000 $ 1 $ 3,550,000 $ 36,038,114 $ 29,992,408 $ 6,400,000 $ 4,100,000 7,000,000 19,943,017 NA Construction Costs NA NA NA NA Soft Costs NA NA NA NA TDC Per Unit Construction Start Date Construction End Date $ 488,426 $ 581,260 $ 555,415 $ 391,040 9/1/2020 3/1/2020 6/1/2020 7/1/2020 1/1/2022 6/1/2021 9/1/2021 4/1/2021 71