ECONOMIC AND TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND
THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

PHASE ONE

 ECONOMIC AND TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND
THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES
TRADE REPRESENTATIVE

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT
OF THE TREASURY

AMBASSADOR ROBERT E. LIGHTHIZER

SECRETARY STEVEN T. MNUCHIN

PHASE ONE
JANUARY 15, 2020

 ECONOMIC AND TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
PREAMBLE
The Government of the United States of America and the Government of the People’s Republic
of China (collectively the “Parties”),
RECOGNIZING the importance of their bilateral economic and trade relationship;
REALIZING that it is in the interests of both countries that trade grow and that there is
adherence to international norms so as to promote market-based outcomes;
CONVINCED of the benefits of contributing to the harmonious development and expansion of
world trade and providing a catalyst to broader international cooperation;
ACKNOWLEDGING the existing trade and investment concerns that have been identified by
the Parties; and
RECOGNIZING the desirability of resolving existing and any future trade and investment
concerns as constructively and expeditiously as possible,
HAVE AGREED as follows:

 CHAPTER 1
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Section A: General Obligations
The United States recognizes the importance of intellectual property protection. China
recognizes the importance of establishing and implementing a comprehensive legal system of
intellectual property protection and enforcement as it transforms from a major intellectual
property consumer to a major intellectual property producer. China believes that enhancing
intellectual property protection and enforcement is in the interest of building an innovative
country, growing innovation-driven enterprises, and promoting high quality economic growth.
Article 1.1:
China and the United States hereby affirm that they undertake provisions with
respect to intellectual property, as set forth in Sections A through K.
Article 1.2:
The Parties shall ensure fair, adequate, and effective protection and enforcement of
intellectual property rights. Each Party shall ensure fair and equitable market access to persons of
the other Party that rely upon intellectual property protection.
Section B: Trade Secrets and Confidential Business Information
The United States emphasizes trade secret protection. China regards trade secret
protection as a core element of optimizing the business environment. The Parties agree to ensure
effective protection for trade secrets and confidential business information and effective
enforcement against the misappropriation of such information.1
Article 1.3:

Scope of Actors Liable for Trade Secret Misappropriation

1.
The Parties shall ensure that all natural or legal persons can be subject to
liability for trade secret misappropriation.
1
The Parties agree that the term “confidential business information” concerns or relates to the trade secrets,
processes, operations, style of works, or apparatus, or to the production, business transactions, or logistics,
customer information, inventories, or amount or source of any income, profits, losses, or expenditures of any
person, natural or legal, or other information of commercial value, the disclosure of which is likely to have the
effect of causing substantial harm to the competitive position of such person from which the information was
obtained.

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 2.
China shall define “operators” in trade secret misappropriation to include all
natural persons, groups of persons, and legal persons.
3.
The United States affirms that existing U.S. measures afford treatment equivalent
to that provided for in this Article.
Article 1.4:

Scope of Prohibited Acts Constituting Trade Secret Misappropriation

1.
The Parties shall ensure that the scope of prohibited acts subject to liability for
trade secret misappropriation provides full coverage for methods of trade secret theft.
2.
China shall enumerate additional acts constituting trade secret misappropriation,
especially:

3.

(a)

electronic intrusions;

(b)

breach or inducement of a breach of duty not to disclose information that is secret
or intended to be kept secret; and

(c)

unauthorized disclosure or use that occurs after the acquisition of a trade secret
under circumstances giving rise to a duty to protect the trade secret from disclosure
or to limit the use of the trade secret.

China and the United States agree to strengthen cooperation on trade secret protection.

4.
The United States affirms that existing U.S. measures afford treatment equivalent
to that provided for in this Article.
Article 1.5:

Burden-Shifting in a Civil Proceeding

1.
The Parties shall provide that the burden of production of evidence or burden of
proof, as appropriate, shifts to the accused party in a civil judicial proceeding for trade secret
misappropriation where the holder of a trade secret has produced prima facie evidence, including
circumstantial evidence, of a reasonable indication of trade secret misappropriation by the accused
party.
2.

China shall provide that:
(a)

the burden of proof or burden of production of evidence, as appropriate, shifts to
the accused party to show that it did not misappropriate a trade secret once a holder
of a trade secret produces:

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 (b)

(i)

evidence that the accused party had access or opportunity to obtain a trade
secret and the information used by the accused party is materially the same
as that trade secret;

(ii)

evidence that a trade secret has been or risks being disclosed or used by the
accused party; or

(iii)

other evidence that its trade secret(s) were misappropriated by the accused
party; and

under the circumstance that the right holder provides preliminary evidence that
measures were taken to keep the claimed trade secret confidential, the burden of
proof or burden of production of evidence, as appropriate, shifts to the accused
party to show that a trade secret identified by a holder is generally known among
persons within the circles that normally deal with the kind of information in
question or is readily accessible, and therefore is not a trade secret.

3.
The United States affirms that existing U.S. measures afford treatment equivalent
to that provided for in this Article.
Article 1.6:

Provisional Measures to Prevent the Use of Trade Secrets

1.
The Parties shall provide for prompt and effective provisional measures to prevent
the use of misappropriated trade secrets.
2.
China shall identify the use or attempted use of claimed trade secret information as
an “urgent situation” that provides its judicial authorities the authority to order the grant of a
preliminary injunction based on the specific facts and circumstances of a case.
3.
The United States affirms that existing U.S. measures afford treatment equivalent
to that provided for in this Article.
Article 1.7:

Threshold for Initiating Criminal Enforcement

1.
The Parties shall eliminate any requirement that the holder of a trade secret
establish actual losses as a prerequisite to initiation of a criminal investigation for
misappropriation of a trade secret.
2.

China shall:
(a)

as an interim step, clarify that “great loss” as a threshold for criminal enforcement
under the trade secret provision in the relevant law can be fully shown by remedial
costs, such as those incurred to mitigate damage to business operations or planning

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 or to re-secure computer or other systems, and substantially lower all the thresholds
for initiating criminal enforcement; and
(b)

Article 1.8:

as a subsequent step, eliminate in all applicable measures any requirement that the
holder of a trade secret establish actual losses as a prerequisite to initiation of a
criminal investigation for misappropriation of a trade secret.
Criminal Procedures and Penalties

1.
The Parties shall provide for the application of criminal procedures and penalties to
address willful trade secret misappropriation.
2.
China’s criminal procedures and penalties shall at least encompass cases of trade
secret misappropriation through theft, fraud, physical or electronic intrusion for an unlawful
purpose, and the unauthorized or improper use of a computer system in the scope of prohibited
acts.
3.
The United States affirms that existing U.S. measures afford treatment equivalent
to that provided for in this Article.
Article 1.9: Protecting Trade Secrets and Confidential Business Information from
Unauthorized Disclosure by Government Authorities
1.
To further strengthen the protection of trade secrets, as well as better encourage
various enterprises to innovate, China shall prohibit the unauthorized disclosure of undisclosed
information, trade secrets, or confidential business information by government personnel or third
party experts or advisors in any criminal, civil, administrative, or regulatory proceedings
conducted at either the central or sub-central levels of government in which such information is
submitted.
2.

China shall require administrative agencies and other authorities at all levels to:
(a)

limit requests for information to no more than necessary for the legitimate exercise
of investigative or regulatory authority;

(b)

limit access to submitted information to only government personnel necessary for
the exercise of legitimate investigative or regulatory functions;

(c)

ensure the security and protection of submitted information;

(d)

ensure that no third party experts or advisors who compete with the submitter of
the information or have any actual or likely financial interest in the result of the
investigative or regulatory process have access to such information;

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 (e)

establish a process for persons seeking an exemption from disclosure and a
mechanism for challenging disclosures to third parties; and

(f)

provide criminal, civil, and administrative penalties, including monetary fines, the
suspension or termination of employment, and, as part of the final measures
amending the relevant laws, imprisonment, for the unauthorized disclosure of a
trade secret or confidential business information that shall deter such unauthorized
disclosure.

3.
The United States affirms that existing U.S. measures afford treatment equivalent to that
provided for in this Article.
Section C: Pharmaceutical-Related Intellectual Property
Pharmaceuticals are a matter concerning people’s life and health, and there continues to be
a need for finding new treatments and cures, such as for cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and
stroke, among others. To promote innovation and cooperation in the pharmaceutical sector and to
better meet the needs of patients, the Parties shall provide for effective protection and enforcement
of pharmaceutical-related intellectual property rights, including patents and undisclosed test or
other data submitted as a condition of marketing approval.
Article 1.10: Consideration of Supplemental Data
1.
China shall permit pharmaceutical patent applicants to rely on supplemental data to satisfy
relevant requirements for patentability, including sufficiency of disclosure and inventive step,
during patent examination proceedings, patent review proceedings, and judicial proceedings.
2.
The United States affirms that existing U.S. measures afford treatment equivalent to that
provided for in this Article.
Article 1.11: Effective Mechanism for Early Resolution of Patent Disputes
1.
If China permits, as a condition of approving the marketing of a pharmaceutical product,
including a biologic, persons, other than the person originally submitting the safety and efficacy
information, to rely on evidence or information concerning the safety and efficacy of a product
that was previously approved, such as evidence of prior marketing approval by China or in
another territory, China shall provide:
(a)

a system to provide notice to a patent holder, licensee, or holder of marketing
approval, that such other person is seeking to market that product during the term
of an applicable patent claiming the approved product or its approved method of
use;

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 (b)

adequate time and opportunity for such a patent holder to seek, prior to the
marketing of an allegedly infringing product, available remedies in subparagraph
(c); and

(c)

procedures for judicial or administrative proceedings and expeditious remedies,
such as preliminary injunctions or equivalent effective provisional measures, for
the timely resolution of disputes concerning the validity or infringement of an
applicable patent claiming an approved pharmaceutical product or its approved
method of use.

2.
China shall establish a nationwide system for pharmaceutical products consistent with
paragraph 1, including by providing a cause of action to allow the patent holder, licensee, or
holder of marketing approval to seek, prior to the marketing approval of an allegedly infringing
product, civil judicial proceedings and expeditious remedies for the resolution of disputes
concerning the validity or infringement of an applicable patent. China may also provide for
administrative proceedings for the resolution of such disputes.
3.
The United States affirms that existing U.S. measures afford treatment equivalent to that
provided for in this Article.
Section D: Patents
Article 1.12: Effective Patent Term Extension
1.
The Parties shall provide patent term extensions to compensate for unreasonable delays
that occur in granting the patent or during pharmaceutical product marketing approvals.
2.

China shall provide that:
(a)

China, at the request of the patent owner, shall extend the term of a patent to
compensate for unreasonable delays, not attributable to the applicant, that occur in
granting the patent. For purposes of this provision, an unreasonable delay shall at
least include a delay in the issuance of the patent of more than four years from the
date of filing of the application in China, or three years after a request for
examination of the application, whichever is later.

(b)

With respect to patents covering a new pharmaceutical product that is approved for
marketing in China and methods of making or using a new pharmaceutical product
that is approved for marketing in China, China, at the request of the patent owner,
shall make available an adjustment of the patent term or the term of the patent
rights of a patent covering a new product, its approved method of use, or a method
of making the product to compensate the patent owner for unreasonable
curtailment of the effective patent term as a result of the marketing approval
process related to the first commercial use of that product in China. Any such

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 adjustment shall confer all of the exclusive rights, subject to the same limitations
and exceptions, of the patent claims of the product, its method of use, or its method
of manufacture in the originally issued patent as applicable to the approved product
and the approved method of use of the product. China may limit such adjustments
to no more than five years and may limit the resulting effective patent term to no
more than 14 years from the date of marketing approval in China.
3.
The United States affirms that existing U.S. measures afford treatment equivalent to that
provided for in this Article.
Section E: Piracy and Counterfeiting on E-Commerce Platforms
In order to promote the development of e-commerce, China and the United States shall
strengthen cooperation and jointly and individually combat infringement and counterfeiting in the
e-commerce market. The Parties shall reduce piracy and counterfeiting, including by reducing
barriers, if any, to making legitimate content available in a timely manner to consumers and
eligible for copyright protection, and providing effective enforcement against e-commerce
platforms.
Article 1.13: Combating Online Infringement
1.
China shall provide enforcement procedures that permit effective and expeditious action
by right holders against infringement that occurs in the online environment, including an effective
notice and takedown system to address infringement.
2.

China shall:
(a)

require expeditious takedowns;

(b)

eliminate liability for erroneous takedown notices submitted in good faith;

(c)

extend to 20 working days the deadline for right holders to file a judicial or
administrative complaint after receipt of a counter-notification; and

(d)

ensure validity of takedown notices and counter-notifications, by requiring relevant
information for notices and counter-notifications and penalizing notices and
counter-notifications submitted in bad faith.

3.
The United States affirms that existing U.S. enforcement procedures permit action by right
holders for infringement that occurs in the online environment.
4.

The Parties agree to further cooperate, as appropriate, to combat infringement.

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 Article 1.14: Infringement on Major E-Commerce Platforms
1.
The Parties shall combat the prevalence of counterfeit or pirated goods on e-commerce
platforms by taking effective action with respect to major e-commerce platforms that fail to take
necessary measures against the infringement of intellectual property rights.
2.
China shall provide that e-commerce platforms may have their operating licenses revoked
for repeated failures to curb the sale of counterfeit or pirated goods.
3.
The United States affirms that it is studying additional means to combat the sale of
counterfeit or pirated goods.
Section F: Geographical Indications
The Parties shall ensure full transparency and procedural fairness with respect to the
protection of geographical indications, including safeguards for generic2 terms (also known as
common names), respect for prior trademark rights, and clear procedures to allow for opposition
and cancellation, as well as fair market access for exports of a Party relying on trademarks or the
use of generic terms.
Article 1.15: Geographical Indications and International Agreements
1.
China shall ensure that any measures taken in connection with pending or future requests
from any other trading partner for recognition or protection of a geographical indication pursuant
to an international agreement do not undermine market access for U.S. exports to China of goods
and services using trademarks and generic terms.
2.
China shall give its trading partners, including the United States, necessary opportunities
to raise disagreement about enumerated geographical indications in lists, annexes, appendices, or
side letters, in any such agreement with another trading partner.
3.
The United States affirms that existing U.S. measures afford treatment equivalent to that
provided for in this Article.
Article 1.16: General Market Access-related GI Concerns
1.

China shall ensure that:
(a)

competent authorities, when determining whether a term is generic in China, take
into account how consumers understand the term in China, including as indicated
by the following:

The term “generic” may be deemed by a Party to be synonymous with “a term customary in the common language
as the common name for the associated good.”

2

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 (b)

(i)

competent sources such as dictionaries, newspapers, and relevant websites;

(ii)

how the good referenced by the term is marketed and used in trade in
China;

(iii)

whether the term is used, as appropriate, in relevant standards to refer to a
type or class of goods in China, such as pursuant to a standard promulgated
by the Codex Alimentarius; and

(iv)

whether the good in question is imported into China, in significant
quantities, from a place other than the territory identified in the application
or petition, and in a way that will not mislead the public about its place of
origin, and whether those imported goods are named by the term, and

any geographical indication, whether granted or recognized pursuant to an
international agreement or otherwise, may become generic over time, and may be
subject to cancellation on that basis.

2.
The United States affirms that existing U.S. measures afford treatment equivalent to that
provided for in this Article.
Article 1.17: Multi-Component Terms
1.
Each Party shall ensure that an individual component of a multi-component term that is
protected as a geographical indication in the territory of a Party shall not be protected in that Party
if that individual component is generic.
2.
When China provides geographical indication protection to a multi-component term, it
shall publicly identify which individual components, if any, are not protected.
3.
The United States affirms that existing U.S. measures afford treatment equivalent to that
provided for in this Article.
Section G: Manufacture and Export of Pirated and Counterfeit Goods
Pirated and counterfeit goods severely undermine the interests of the general public and
harm right holders in both China and the United States. The Parties shall take sustained and
effective action to stop the manufacture and to block the distribution of pirated and counterfeit
products, including those with a significant impact on public health or personal safety.

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 Article 1.18: Counterfeit Medicines
1.
The Parties shall take effective and expeditious enforcement action against counterfeit
pharmaceutical and related products containing active pharmaceutical ingredients, bulk chemicals,
or biological substances.
2.

Measures China shall take include:
(a)

taking effective and expeditious enforcement action against the related products of
counterfeit medicines and biologics, including active pharmaceutical ingredients,
bulk chemicals, and biological substances;

(b)

sharing with the United States the registration information of pharmaceutical raw
material sites that have been inspected by Chinese regulatory authorities and that
comply with the requirements of Chinese laws and regulations, as well as any
necessary information of relevant enforcement inspections; and

(c)

publishing online annually, beginning within six months after the date of entry into
force of this Agreement, the data on enforcement measures, including seizures,
revocations of business licenses, fines, and other actions taken by the National
Medical Products Administration, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,
or any successor entity.

3.
The United States affirms that existing U.S. measures afford effective and expeditious
action against counterfeit pharmaceutical and related products.
Article 1.19: Counterfeit Goods with Health and Safety Risks
1.
The Parties shall ensure sustained and effective action to stop the manufacture and
distribution of counterfeit products with a significant impact on public health or personal safety.
2.
Measures China shall take include significantly increasing the number of enforcement
actions within three months after the date of entry into force of this Agreement, and publishing
data online on the measurable impact of these actions each quarter, beginning within four months
after the date of entry into force of this Agreement.
3.
The Parties shall endeavor, as appropriate, to strengthen cooperation to combat counterfeit
goods that pose health and safety risks.

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 Article 1.20: Destruction of Counterfeit Goods
1.

2.

3.

With respect to border measures, the Parties shall provide that:
(a)

goods that have been suspended from release by its customs authorities on grounds
that they are counterfeit or pirated, and that have been seized and forfeited as
pirated or counterfeit, shall be destroyed, except in exceptional circumstances;

(b)

the simple removal of a counterfeit trademark unlawfully affixed shall not be
sufficient to permit the release of the goods into the channels of commerce; and

(c)

in no event shall the competent authorities have discretion, except in exceptional
circumstances, to permit the exportation of counterfeit or pirated goods or to
subject such goods to other customs procedures.

With respect to civil judicial procedures, the Parties shall provide that:
(a)

at the right holder’s request, goods that have been found to be pirated or counterfeit
shall be destroyed, except in exceptional circumstances;

(b)

at the right holder’s request, its judicial authorities shall order that materials and
implements that have been predominantly used in the manufacture or creation of
such pirated or counterfeit goods be, without compensation of any sort, promptly
destroyed or, in exceptional circumstances and without compensation of any sort,
disposed of outside the channels of commerce in such a manner as to minimize the
risks of further infringements;

(c)

the simple removal of a counterfeit trademark unlawfully affixed shall not be
sufficient to permit the release of goods into the channels of commerce; and

(d)

at the right holder’s request, its judicial authorities shall order a counterfeiter to pay
right holders the profits from infringement or damages adequate to compensate for
the injury from the infringement.

With respect to criminal procedures, the Parties shall provide that:
(a)

its judicial authorities, except in exceptional cases, shall order the forfeiture and
destruction of all counterfeit or pirated goods and any articles consisting of a
counterfeit mark to be affixed to goods;

(b)

its judicial authorities, except in exceptional cases, shall order the forfeiture and
destruction of materials and implements that have been predominantly used in the
creation of pirated or counterfeit goods;

(c)

forfeiture and destruction shall occur without compensation of any kind to the
defendant; and

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 (d)

its judicial or other competent authorities shall keep an inventory of goods and
other material proposed to be destroyed, and these authorities shall have the
discretion to temporarily exempt these materials from the destruction order to
facilitate the preservation of evidence on notice by the right holder that it wishes to
bring a civil or administrative case against the defendant or any third-party
infringer.

4.
The United States affirms that existing U.S. measures afford treatment equivalent to that
provided for in this Article.
Article 1.21: Border Enforcement Actions
1.
The Parties shall endeavor to strengthen enforcement cooperation with a view to reducing
the amount of counterfeit and pirated goods, including those that are exported or in transit.
2.
China shall provide a sustained increase in the number of trained personnel to inspect,
detain, seize, effect administrative forfeiture, and otherwise execute customs’ enforcement
authority against counterfeit and pirated goods, with an emphasis on counterfeit and pirated goods
that are exported or in transit. Measures China shall take include significantly increasing training
of relevant customs enforcement personnel within nine months after the date of entry into force of
this Agreement. China also shall significantly increase the number of enforcement actions
beginning within three months after the date of entry into force of this Agreement, and publishing
online quarterly updates of enforcement actions.
3.
The Parties agree to carry out cooperation with respect to border enforcement as
appropriate.
Article 1.22: Enforcement at Physical Markets
1.
The Parties shall take sustained and effective action against copyright and trademark
infringement at physical markets.
2.
Measures China shall take include significantly increasing the number of enforcement
actions beginning within four months after the date of entry into force of this Agreement, and
publishing online quarterly updates of enforcement actions at physical markets.
3.
The United States affirms that existing U.S. measures afford effective enforcement against
copyright and trademark infringement at physical markets.

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 Article 1.23: Unlicensed Software
1.
The Parties shall ensure that all government agencies and all entities that the government
owns or controls install and use only licensed software.
2.
Measures China shall take include requiring annual audits by qualified third parties of
China with no government ownership or affiliation and the publication online of the audit results,
beginning within seven months after the date of entry into force of this Agreement.
3.
The United States affirms that existing U.S. measures require government agencies and
contractors to install and use only licensed software.
Section H: Bad-Faith Trademarks
Article 1.24:
With a view to strengthening trademark protection, the Parties shall ensure
adequate and effective protection and enforcement of trademark rights, particularly against bad
faith trademark registrations.
Article 1.25:
The United States affirms that existing U.S. measures afford treatment equivalent
to that provided for in this Section.
Section I: Judicial Enforcement and Procedure in Intellectual Property Cases
Article 1.26: Transfer from Administrative Enforcement to Criminal Enforcement
1.
China shall require the administrative authorities to transfer a case for criminal
enforcement, if, under an objective standard, there is “reasonable suspicion” based on articulable
facts that a criminal violation of an intellectual property right has occurred.
2.
The United States affirms that U.S. authorities have the authority to refer appropriate cases
for criminal enforcement.
Article 1.27: Deterrent-Level Penalties
1.
The Parties shall provide civil remedies and criminal penalties sufficient to deter future
intellectual property theft or infringements.

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 2.

China shall:
(a)

as an interim step, deter future intellectual property theft or infringements and
strengthen the application of existing remedies and penalties by imposing a heavier
punishment at or near the statutory maximum permitted under its laws related to
intellectual property to deter intellectual property theft or infringements; and

(b)

as a subsequent step, increase the range of minimum and maximum pre-established
damages, sentences of imprisonment, and monetary fines to deter future
intellectual property theft or infringements.

3.
The United States shall endeavor, as appropriate, to strengthen communication and
cooperation with China under the bilateral Intellectual Property Criminal Enforcement Working
Group and to consider opportunities for more experience-sharing and pragmatic cooperation
regarding criminal enforcement of intellectual property rights.
Article 1.28: Enforcement of Judgments
1.
The Parties shall ensure expeditious enforcement of any fine, penalty, payment of
monetary damages, injunction, or other remedy for a violation of an intellectual property right
ordered in a final judgment by its own court.
2.
Measures China shall take include executing work guidelines and implementation plans to
ensure expeditious enforcement of judgments, publishing its work guidelines and implementation
plans within one month after the date of entry into force of this Agreement, as well as publishing
online quarterly reports of implementation results.
3.
The United States affirms that existing U.S. measures afford expeditious enforcement of
judgments, including those pertaining to violations of intellectual property rights.
Article 1.29: Enforcement of Copyright and Related Rights
1.
In civil, administrative, and criminal proceedings involving copyright or related rights, the
Parties shall:
(a)

provide for a legal presumption that, in the absence of proof to the contrary, the
person whose name is indicated as the author, producer, performer, or publisher of
the work, performance, or phonogram in the usual manner is the designated right
holder in such work, performance, or phonogram and that the copyright or related
right subsists in such subject matter;

(b)

when the presumption in subparagraph (a) holds, waive requirements to present
copyright or related rights transfer agreements or other documentation in order to

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 establish ownership, licensing, or infringement of copyright or related rights, in the
absence of rebuttal evidence presented by the accused infringer; and
(c)

provide that the accused infringer has the burden of production of evidence or
burden of proof, as appropriate, to demonstrate that its use of a work protected by
copyright or related rights is authorized, including in a case where the accused
infringer claims to have obtained permission to use the work, such as through a
license, from the right holder.

2.
The United States affirms that existing U.S. measures afford treatment equivalent to that
provided for in this Article.
Article 1.30: Document Authentication (“Consularization”)
1.
In civil judicial procedures, the Parties shall not require formalities to authenticate
evidence, including requiring a consular official’s seal or chop, that can be introduced or
authenticated through stipulation, or witness testimony under penalty of perjury.
2.
For evidence that cannot be introduced or authenticated through stipulation, or witness
testimony under penalty of perjury, China shall streamline notarization and authentication
procedures.
3.
The United States affirms that existing U.S. measures afford treatment equivalent to that
provided for in this Article.
Article 1.31: Witness Testimony
1.
In civil judicial proceedings, China shall afford a party a reasonable opportunity to present
witnesses or experts in its case and cross-examine any witness testifying in the proceeding.
2.
The United States affirms that existing U.S. measures afford treatment equivalent to that
provided for in this Article.
Section J: Bilateral Cooperation on Intellectual Property Protection
Article 1.32:
Cooperation activities and initiatives undertaken in connection with the intellectual
property chapter of this Agreement shall be subject to the availability of resources, and on request,
and on terms and conditions mutually agreed upon between the Parties.

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 Article 1.33:
The Parties agree to strengthen bilateral cooperation on the protection of
intellectual property rights and promote pragmatic cooperation in this area. China National
Intellectual Property Administration and the United States Patent and Trademark Office will
discuss biennial cooperation work plans in the area of intellectual property, including joint
programs, industry outreach, information and expert exchanges, regular interaction through
meetings and other communications, and public awareness.
Section K: Implementation
Article 1.34:
Each Party shall determine the appropriate method of implementing the provisions of this
Agreement within its own system and practice. If necessary, each Party shall provide suggestions
for the amendment of laws to its legislative body according to its domestic legislation procedure.
Consistent with the Bilateral Evaluation and Dispute Resolution Chapter, each Party shall ensure
that its obligations under this Agreement are fully implemented.
Article 1.35:
Within 30 working days after the date of entry into force of this Agreement, China will
promulgate an Action Plan to strengthen intellectual property protection aimed at promoting its
high-quality growth. This Action Plan shall include, but not be limited to, measures that China
will take to implement its obligations under this Chapter and the date by which each measure will
go into effect.
Article 1.36:
The United States affirms that its existing measures are consistent with its obligations in this
Chapter.

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 CHAPTER 2
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
The Parties affirm the importance of ensuring that the transfer of technology occurs on
voluntary, market-based terms and recognize that forced technology transfer is a significant
concern. The Parties further recognize the importance of undertaking steps to address these
issues, in light of the profound impact of technology and technological change on the world
economy.
To enhance mutual trust and cooperation between the Parties with respect to technology
issues, protect intellectual property, promote trade and investment, and establish a foundation for
addressing long-standing structural concerns, the Parties have agreed as follows:
Article 2.1: General Obligations
1.
Natural or legal persons (“persons”) of a Party shall have effective access to and be able
to operate openly and freely in the jurisdiction of the other Party without any force or pressure
from the other Party to transfer their technology to persons of the other Party.
2.
Any transfer or licensing of technology between persons of a Party and those of the other
Party must be based on market terms that are voluntary and reflect mutual agreement.
3.
A Party shall not support or direct the outbound foreign direct investment activities of its
persons aimed at acquiring foreign technology with respect to sectors and industries targeted by
its industrial plans that create distortion.
Article 2.2: Market Access
Neither Party shall require or pressure persons of the other Party to transfer technology to
its persons in relation to acquisitions, joint ventures, or other investment transactions.
Article 2.3: Administrative and Licensing Requirements and Processes
1.
Neither Party shall adopt or maintain administrative and licensing requirements and
processes that require or pressure technology transfer from persons of the other Party to its
persons.
2.
Neither Party shall require or pressure, formally or informally, persons of the other Party
to transfer technology to its persons as a condition for, inter alia:
2-1

 (a)

approving any administrative or licensing requirements;

(b)

operating in the jurisdiction of the Party or otherwise having access to the Party’s
market; or

(c)

receiving or continuing to receive any advantages conferred by the Party.

3.
Neither Party shall require or pressure, formally or informally, persons of the other Party
to use or favor technology that is owned by or licensed to its persons as a condition for, inter
alia:
(a)
approving any administrative or licensing requirements;
(b)

operating in the jurisdiction of the Party, or otherwise having access to the Party’s
market; or

(c)

receiving or continuing to receive any advantages conferred by the Party.

4.
The Parties shall make their administrative and licensing requirements and processes
transparent.
5.
The Parties shall not require or pressure foreign persons to disclose sensitive technical
information not necessary to show conformity with the relevant administrative or regulatory
requirements.
6.
The Parties shall protect the confidentiality of any sensitive technical information
disclosed by foreign persons during any administrative, regulatory, or other review processes.
Article 2.4: Due Process and Transparency
1.
The Parties shall ensure that any enforcement of laws and regulations with respect to
persons of the other Party is impartial, fair, transparent, and non-discriminatory.
2.
The Parties shall ensure that rules of procedure for administrative proceedings related to
the subject matter of this Agreement are published and provide meaningful notice regarding, at a
minimum, the subject matter of the proceeding, applicable laws and regulations, rules of
evidence, and relevant remedies and sanctions.
3.

The Parties shall provide that persons of the other Party have the right to:
(a)

review evidence and have a meaningful opportunity to respond in any
administrative proceedings against them; and

(b)

be represented by legal counsel in administrative proceedings.

2-2

 Article 2.5: Scientific and Technological Cooperation
The Parties agree to carry out scientific and technological cooperation where appropriate.

2-3

 CHAPTER 3
TRADE IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS1
Article 3.1: General
1.
To enhance mutual trust and friendly cooperation between China and the United States
on issues affecting agricultural trade, to establish a foundation for addressing long-standing
concerns, and to make agriculture a strong pillar of the bilateral relationship, the Parties:
(a)

recognizing the importance of their agriculture sectors, of ensuring safe and
reliable supplies of food and agricultural products, and of helping to meet the
demand of the two countries’ peoples for food and agricultural products, intend to
intensify cooperation in agriculture, to expand each Party’s market for food and
agricultural products, and to promote the growth of trade in food and agricultural
products between the Parties;

(b)

considering that science- and risk- based sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS)
measures play a crucial role in the protection of human, animal, and plant life and
health, while the use of SPS measures for purposes of protectionism negatively
impacts the welfare of consumers and producers, and recognizing the importance
of ensuring that SPS measures are science-based, non-discriminatory, and account
for regional differences in sanitary and phytosanitary characteristics, agree that
neither Party shall apply sanitary or phytosanitary measures in a manner which
would constitute a disguised restriction on international trade;

(c)

considering that the benefits of an agricultural trading system are reduced when
importers and exporters are unfairly impeded from taking full advantage of
agricultural market access opportunities, recognize that tariff-rate quota (TRQ)
administration should not be employed as a means of preventing the full
utilization of agricultural TRQs;

(d)

noting the ability of agricultural biotechnology to improve lives by helping to feed
growing populations, by reducing the environmental impact of agriculture, and by
promoting more sustainable production, intend to maintain, for products of
agricultural biotechnology, science- and risk-based regulatory frameworks and
efficient authorization processes, in order to facilitate increased trade in such
products; and

1

Article 8.5 (Final Provisions) shall not apply with respect to any proposed or final measure, including
an amendment to an existing measure, intended to implement this Chapter, including its Annexes and
Appendices.

3-1

 (e)

2.

acknowledge the importance of each Party adhering to its World Trade
Organization (WTO) commitments with respect to the provision of domestic
support.

Annexes 1-17 set out further commitments.

Annex 1. Agricultural Cooperation
1.
The Parties intend to strengthen and promote cooperative activities, to be mutually agreed
upon by the Parties, in agricultural science and agricultural technology. Such activities may
include mutually agreed information exchanges and cooperation. The Parties intend their
cooperative activities to be based on, among other things, the principles of integrity, reciprocity,
openness, transparency, science, and rule of law.
2.
The Parties intend to conduct technical consultations with each other on areas of potential
cooperation related to pesticides for agricultural use. These consultations may include
discussions of the Parties’ pesticide registration data and pesticide trial data, and discussions on
the setting of maximum residue levels.
3.
The Parties intend to continue implementing and improving the China-United States
Scientific Cooperation and Exchange Program to promote further exchanges on agriculturerelated issues between U.S. and Chinese scientific and technical experts. Each Party intends to
ensure the participation, as appropriate, of relevant agencies or ministries of its government in
activities of the program.
4.
The Parties intend to encourage exchanges and dialogues on agricultural topics between,
as appropriate, U.S. and Chinese national and sub-national government authorities, farmers,
academics, businesses in the agriculture sector, and others. The Parties intend to continue
implementation and improvement of existing mechanisms for bilateral communication on
agricultural policy, such as the Joint Committee on Cooperation in Agriculture, and to facilitate
communication on agricultural policy through participation of officials from both the U.S. and
Chinese governments in relevant conferences on this topic, including the China Food Security
and Food Safety Strategy Summit and the United States’ and China’s respective Agricultural
Outlook conferences.
5.
The Parties intend to promote communication between U.S. and Chinese technical
experts on agricultural subjects of mutual interest, including, as appropriate, on production
agriculture, crop insurance, trade in agricultural products, sanitary and phytosanitary matters, and
rural development.
6.
The Parties intend to cooperate in technical discussions, as appropriate, related to
sustainable agricultural development.
7.
The Parties intend to enhance, as appropriate, their information sharing on animal and
plant pests and diseases, including through technical exchange visits. The Parties intend to
3-2

 communicate, as appropriate, their experiences with enhancing capacity to control animal and
plant pests and diseases, and through such communication to promote disease detection and the
research and development of technologies for the detection and control of such diseases and
pests.
8.
The Parties intend to engage each other cooperatively on agriculture-related technical,
and sanitary and phytosanitary, measures, including on the subject of risk communication. The
Parties intend to engage each other cooperatively on these subjects including by increasing
cooperation on them in international organizations, such as the WTO, Asia-Pacific Economic
Cooperation, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the Codex
Alimentarius Commission (Codex).
9.
The Parties intend to establish cooperation mechanisms, under the framework of the 2019
Osaka Declaration on Digital Economy, for the discussion of ways in which digital technologies
can benefit the agriculture sector.
10.
The Parties intend to include all relevant agencies of their governments in the
governmental activities discussed in this Annex.
11.
For greater certainty, nothing in this Annex shall obligate either Party to expend, obligate,
or transfer any funds, or to dedicate personnel or other resources to any cooperative activity.
Annex 2.

Dairy and Infant Formula

1.
As soon as practicable following the date of entry into force of this Agreement, the
General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China (GACC) and the U.S.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) shall initiate bilateral technical discussions to review
Import Alert 99-30 “Detention Without Physical Examination of All Milk Products, Milk
Derived Ingredients and Finished Food Products Containing Milk from China due to the
Presence of Melamine and/or Melamine Analogs” in order to clarify the steps necessary for the
removal of Import Alert 99-30.
Dairy Products
2.
Aiming to better meet Chinese consumers’ ever-growing needs for dairy products, China
shall:
(a)

upon entry into force of this Agreement, allow imports of U.S. dairy products that
are:
(i)

manufactured at a facility on a list compiled by the FDA; and

(ii)

accompanied by an Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) dairy sanitary
certificate;

3-3

 (b)

within 10 days of the date of entry into force of this Agreement, recognize the
U.S. dairy-safety system as providing at least the same level of protection as
China’s dairy-safety system;

(c)

each time the United States provides China with an updated and complete list of
dairy facilities and products under the jurisdiction of the FDA, within 20 working
days of receipt of the list:
(i)

register the facilities and publish the list of facilities and products on the
GACC website; and

(ii)

allow U.S. dairy imports into China from those facilities;

(d)

allow imports of U.S. dairy products of bovine, ovine, and caprine origins when
accompanied by an AMS dairy sanitary certificate;

(e)

with respect to extended shelf life (ESL) milk:

(f)

(g)

(i)

allow ESL milk produced in the United States to be imported and sold as
pasteurized milk in China;

(ii)

notify the draft standard to the WTO should China undertake development
of a new standard for ESL milk;

(iii)

ensure that the new standard and all implementing actions are consistent
with China’s WTO obligations; and

(iv)

allow imports of U.S. ESL milk consistent with Paragraph 2(a), (c), and
(d);

with respect to fortified milk:
(i)

allow fortified milk produced in the United States to be imported into
China subject to China’s National Food Safety Standard - Modified Milk
(GB25191), consistent with Paragraph 2(a), (c), and (d);

(ii)

allow such product to be labeled and sold to consumers as “pasteurizedmodified milk” provided the product is pasteurized;

(iii)

notify the draft standard to the WTO should China undertake development
of a new standard for fortified milk; and

(iv)

ensure that the new standard and all implementing actions are consistent
with China’s WTO obligations;

with respect to U.S. ultrafiltered fluid milk:
3-4

 (h)

(i)

allow U.S. ultrafiltered fluid milk to be imported into China referring to
China’s National Food Safety Standard - Modified Milk (GB25191),
consistent with Paragraph 2(a), (c), and (d) and such products should be
labeled with “ultrafiltration technology”;

(ii)

allow such products to be labeled as “pasteurized-modified milk” provided
the product is pasteurized;

(iii)

notify the draft standard to the WTO once China develops a draft of a new
standard for ultrafiltered milk; and

(iv)

ensure that the new standard and all implementing actions are consistent
with China’s WTO obligations; and

with respect to U.S. dairy permeate powder:
(i)

within 60 working days of the date of entry into force of this Agreement:
a.

complete the approval process for U.S. dairy permeate powder for
human consumption consistent with the requirements of the Notice
of the General Office of the National Health and Family Planning
Commission for Regulating the Review of Imported Foods for
Which There Is No Chinese National Food Safety Standards
(GuoWeiBanShiPinFa [2017] No.14); and

b.

allow the importation of U.S. dairy permeate powder;

(ii)

notify the draft standard to the WTO should China undertake development
of a new standard for dairy permeate powder; and

(iii)

ensure that the new standard and all implementing actions are consistent
with China’s WTO obligations.

Infant Formula
3.
Aiming to better meet Chinese consumers’ ever-growing needs for infant formula
products, China shall:
(a)

take into full consideration section 412 of the U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. § 350a) and its implementing regulations when China
reviews applications for, and decides on, the registration of U.S. infant formula
products;

3-5

 (b)

accept, complete review of, and issue a decision on product registration
applications regardless of whether the submitting entity is associated with an
already-registered facility;

(c)

complete technical reviews of infant formula product registration applications and
do so ordinarily within 45 working days from receipt of the application;

(d)

normally complete within 40 working days of completing the technical review,
provided the U.S. manufacturer provides timely access if needed, any audit,
inspection, sampling, or testing that is required in order to register an infant
formula product;

(e)

taking into consideration the FDA’s previous product reviews, inspections, and
determinations of the regulatory standing of the facility or facilities where the
product is manufactured, complete the product registration within 20 working
days following completion of the technical review or of any required audit,
inspection, sampling, or testing;

(f)

ensure non-disclosure of all trade secrets provided in the infant formula product
registration process;

(g)

each time the United States provides China with an updated and complete list of
infant formula facilities under the jurisdiction of the FDA, within 20 working
days of receipt of the list, register the facilities, publish the list on the GACC
website, and allow U.S. infant formula imports into China from those facilities,
provided the infant formula product is registered with the State Administration of
Market Regulation;

(h)

not require renewal of registration of:
(i)

infant formula facilities more frequently than once every four years; and

(ii)

infant formula products more frequently than once every five years;

(i)

take into account previous Chinese audit reports, U.S. regulatory information, and
any other relevant information, including information provided by the
manufacturer, when determining whether a facility inspection is required for
product registration or re-registration; and

(j)

within one week of the date of entry into force of this Agreement, register those
U.S. infant formula facilities whose products have been approved in China and
that have facility registration applications pending review by the GACC by
publishing the complete list of facilities on the GACC website.

3-6

 Audits and Inspections for Dairy Products and Infant Formula
4.

China shall:
(a)

at least 20 working days in advance of any inspection or audit at a U.S. dairy or
infant formula facility, notify the FDA, the U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA), and the facility;

(b)

to streamline procedures, improve efficiency, and advance trade facilitation, not
require an on-site audit or inspection as a pre-requisite to registering a dairy or
infant formula facility; and

(c)

ensure that any audit or inspection it conducts for an infant formula product
registration or for the registration of a dairy or infant formula facility is for
verification of either the U.S. system of oversight or of the ability of the facility to
meet the applicable requirements.

5.
China continues to have the right to audit the U.S. dairy and infant formula food safety
regulatory system, including a representative sample of U.S. dairy and infant formula facilities,
in coordination with the FDA. Such auditing shall be risk-based. China also continues to have
the right to conduct inspections of a risk-based selection of shipments of U.S. dairy and infant
formula products at the port of entry. If China determines, based on scientific inspection, that a
particular shipment of U.S dairy or infant formula products is in violation of applicable food
safety import requirements, China may refuse importation of that shipment. If China determines
that there is a significant, sustained or recurring pattern of non-conformity with an applicable
food safety measure by a particular facility, China may refuse to accept shipments from that
facility until the problem is resolved. China shall notify the FDA of such non-conformity. The
Parties shall exchange information on their dairy and infant formula food safety regulatory
systems and other public-health matters.
Annex 3.

Poultry

1.
The Parties shall sign and implement the Protocol on Cooperation on Notification and
Control Procedures for Certain Significant Poultry Diseases within 30 days of the date of entry
into force of this Agreement.
2.
For those U.S. poultry and poultry products imported into China prior to January 1, 2015,
China shall, within 30 days of the date of entry into force of this Agreement, issue, based on its
previously-conducted assessment of the U.S. regulatory system, a final decision on whether to
permit the importation of the product. China shall permit their importation consistently with
existing bilaterally-agreed import protocols.
3.
China shall maintain measures consistent with the 2018 World Organization for Animal
Health (OIE) Terrestrial Animal Health Code Chapter 10.4, or any successor provisions.

3-7

 4.
Within 30 days following receipt from China of a formal request for an evaluation of a
region of China for avian disease free recognition and a completed information package to
support such a request that addresses the eight factors outlined in 9 CFR Part 92, or any
successor provisions, the USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) shall
initiate such an evaluation.
Annex 4.

Beef

1.
The Parties shall continue implementing the 2017 Protocol for the importation of U.S.
beef and beef products into China; however, this Agreement shall prevail over any requirements
in the Protocol that are inconsistent with this Agreement. The two Parties may revise the
Protocol according to this Agreement if appropriate.
2.
China acknowledges that the United States has submitted all relevant and necessary
information as requested by China to enable completion of a risk assessment related to the
importation of all U.S. beef, beef products, and pet food containing ruminant ingredients. China
shall, within one month of the date of entry into force of this Agreement, eliminate the cattle age
requirements for the importation of U.S. beef and beef products.
3.
China recognizes the U.S. beef and beef products traceability system. The U.S.
Government, in accordance with U.S. regulations, continuously maintains measures, including
for traceability, that meet or exceed OIE guidelines for maintaining negligible risk status for the
bovine disease addressed in Chapter 11.4 of the 2018 OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code.
Provided the United States maintains its OIE negligible risk classification for that disease, China
shall not impose new import restrictions or requirements related to that disease on imports of
U.S. beef. Should the United States’ negligible risk status change, China shall administer the
regulations for imports of U.S. beef in accordance with the 2018 OIE Terrestrial Animal Health
Code, Chapter 11.4, Article 11.4.11 or any successor provisions.
4.
Aiming to better meet Chinese consumers’ ever-growing needs for meat, within one
month of the date of entry into force of this Agreement, China shall permit the importation into
China of those beef and beef products, except for those listed in Appendix I (Beef, Pork, and
Poultry Products Considered Not Eligible for Import into China), inspected by the USDA’s Food
Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) in an FSIS-approved facility.
5.
Within one month of the date of entry into force of this Agreement, China shall adopt
maximum residue limits (MRLs) for zeranol, trenbolone acetate, and melangesterol acetate for
imported beef. For beef tissues for which Codex has established MRLs for these hormones,
China shall adopt the Codex MRLs. For beef tissues for which Codex has not established MRLs
for these hormones, China shall adopt its MRLs by following Codex standards and guidelines
and referring to MRLs established by other countries that have performed science-based risk
assessments.

3-8

 Annex 5.

Live Breeding Cattle

1.
Based on the request and information provided by the United States on February 13,
2019, and on March 6, 2019, the Parties shall, within one month of the date of entry into force of
this Agreement, commence technical discussions on the preparation of a U.S. export health
certificate and a protocol for the importation into China of U.S. breeding cattle, with a view to
realizing trade as soon as possible.
Annex 6.

Pork

1.
The Parties intend to promote cooperative activities within the Global African Swine
Fever Research Alliance (GARA) to share publicly-available scientific knowledge and
information to contribute to the progressive control and eradication of African swine fever
(ASF).
2.
Aiming to better meet Chinese consumers’ ever growing needs for meat, within 10
working days of the date of entry into force of this Agreement China shall permit the importation
into China of those pork and pork products inspected by the FSIS in an FSIS-approved facility.
Annex 7.

Meat, Poultry and Processed Meat

1.
Upon entry into force of this Agreement, China shall recognize FSIS oversight of U.S.
meat, poultry meat, and processed meat and poultry meat facilities for purposes of allowing
imports of U.S. meat, poultry meat, and processed meat and poultry meat.
2.
Upon entry into force of this Agreement, China shall accept meat, poultry meat, and
processed meat and poultry meat, except for those products listed in Appendix I (Beef, Pork, and
Poultry Products Considered Not Eligible for Import into China), inspected by the FSIS in an
FSIS-approved facility and accompanied by a FSIS Export Certificate of Wholesomeness (FSIS
9060-5/FSIS 9295-1).
3.
Each time the United States provides China with an updated and complete list of FSISapproved facilities, China shall, within 20 working days of receipt, publish the list on the GACC
website and allow the importation into China of products from all facilities on the list.
4.
China continues to have the right to audit the U.S. meat and poultry food safety
regulatory system, including a representative sample of U.S. meat and poultry facilities, in
coordination with the FSIS. Such auditing shall be risk-based. China also continues to have the
right to conduct inspections of a risk-based selection of shipments of U.S. meat and poultry
products at the port of entry. If China determines, based on scientific inspection, that a particular
shipment of U.S. meat or poultry products is in violation of applicable food safety import
requirements, China may refuse importation of that shipment. If China determines that there is a
significant, sustained or recurring pattern of non-conformity with an applicable food safety
measure by a particular facility, China may refuse to accept shipments from that facility until the
3-9

 problem is resolved. China shall notify the FSIS of such non-conformity. The Parties shall
exchange information on their meat and poultry food safety regulatory systems and other publichealth matters.
5.
In consultation with U.S. experts, China shall conduct a risk assessment for ractopamine
in cattle and swine as soon as possible without undue delay, and in a manner consistent both with
Codex and FAO/World Health Organization (WHO) Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives
(JECFA) risk assessment guidance and with the risk assessment for ractopamine previously
conducted by the FAO/WHO JECFA. The risk assessment shall be based on verifiable data and
the approved conditions of ractopamine use in the United States. China and the United States
shall establish a joint working group to discuss the steps to be taken based on the results of the
risk assessment.
Annex 8.

Electronic Meat and Poultry Information System

1.
Aiming to streamline trade and deepen cooperation between the United States and China
with respect to certification, the GACC shall work with the USDA to finalize the technical
requirements for, and to implement, an electronic and automated system for China to access
FSIS export certificates accompanying U.S. exports to China of meat, poultry, and meat and
poultry products.
2.
Provided the United States has implemented the system, and demonstrates the reliability
and safety of the system, China shall also implement the system by February 2020. China shall
accept via the system all information, including FSIS certificates, necessary to allow shipments
of U.S. meat, poultry, and meat and poultry products into China and shall provide relevant
certificate information in a timely manner to the Chinese port customs officials.
3.
The USDA has a directive permitting replacement certificates in certain instances when
appropriate. The GACC shall accept replacement certificates, provided that the FSIS ensures
that replacement certificates are clearly identifiable. China shall accept replacement certificates
issued by the USDA for situations that include the following:
(a)

the original certificate did not contain required information;

(b)

the original certificate contained typographical errors;

(c)

the importer, exporter, consignee, or consignor changed, but is within the same
country that appears on the original certificate;

(d)

the certificate is lost or damaged; or

(e)

the port of entry changed.

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 Annex 9.

Aquatic Products

1.
As soon as practicable following the entry into force of this Agreement, the GACC and
the FDA shall resume bilateral meetings of the U.S.-China Technical Working Group on
Seafood. The Technical Working Group shall identify steps China can take to provide evidence
for FDA to assess whether China has controls that would ensure that Chinese aquatic products
exported to the United States meet U.S. requirements. The United States confirms that if a
Chinese aquatic product producer or exporter submits sufficient evidence to the FDA and the
FDA determines that the firm and product should be excluded from Import Alert 16-131, the
Chinese aquatic product producer or exporter shall be added to the Green List for Import Alert
16-131.
2.
Aiming to better meet Chinese consumers’ ever-growing needs for aquatic products, as
soon as practicable following the entry into force of this Agreement, the GACC and the U.S.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) shall meet to discuss the process for
approving the importation into China of the aquatic species that are sold in U.S. interstate
commerce but that are not authorized for sale in China. If the NOAA submits sufficient
evidence to the GACC concerning one of these aquatic species, the GACC shall determine
whether the species is safe to consume and will be allowed to be imported into China.
3.
Within 20 working days of the date of entry into force of this Agreement, China shall
allow imports into China from those:

4.

(a)

aquatic products facilities considered to be in good regulatory standing by the
FDA and also registered by the GACC, when the shipment is accompanied by the
bilaterally–agreed certificate issued by the NOAA; and

(b)

fish meal processing facilities considered to be in good regulatory standing by the
NOAA and also registered by the GACC, when the shipment is accompanied by
the bilaterally-agreed certificate issued by the NOAA.

China shall:
(a)

each time the United States provides China with an updated and complete list of
aquatic products facilities under the jurisdiction of the FDA, within 20 working
days of receipt of the list, register the facilities, publish the list of the facilities on
the GACC website, and allow U.S. aquatic product imports into China from those
facilities; and

(b)

each time the United States provides China with an updated and complete list of
fish meal processing facilities under the jurisdiction of the NOAA, within 20
working days of receipt of the list, register the facilities, publish the list of the
facilities on the GACC website, and allow U.S. fish meal imports into China from
those facilities.

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 5.
China continues to have the right to audit the U.S. aquatic products food safety regulatory
system, including a representative sample of U.S. aquatic product facilities, in coordination with
the FDA. Such auditing shall be risk-based. China also continues to have the right to conduct
inspections of a risk-based selection of shipments of U.S. aquatic products at the port of entry. If
China determines that a particular shipment of U.S. aquatic products is in violation of applicable
food safety import requirements, China may refuse importation of that shipment. If China
determines that there is a significant, sustained or recurring pattern of non-conformity with an
applicable food safety measure by a particular facility, China may refuse to accept shipments
from that facility until the problem is resolved. China shall notify the FDA of such nonconformity. The Parties shall exchange information on their aquatic products food safety
regulatory systems and other public-health matters concerning aquatic products.
Annex 10.

Rice

1.
Each time the United States provides China with a list of rice facilities approved by the
APHIS as compliant with the Phytosanitary Protocol on the Import of Rice from the United
States to China, within 20 working days of receipt of the list, China shall register the facilities,
publish the list of facilities, and allow the importation of U.S. rice from each of the APHISapproved rice facilities. China continues to have the right to conduct on-site phytosanitary audits
of registered rice facilities.
Annex 11.

Plant Health

1.
Within one month of the date of entry into force of this Agreement, the Parties shall start
technical consultations in order to sign, as soon as possible, a phytosanitary protocol on Chinese
Bonsai in growing mediums for export to the United States excluding orchids, with a view to
realizing trade as soon as possible.
2.
Within 45 days of the date of entry into force of this Agreement, USDA/APHIS shall
complete its regulatory notice process for imports of Chinese fragrant pear.
3.
Within two months of the date of entry into force of this Agreement, USDA/APHIS shall
complete its regulatory notice process for imports of Chinese citrus.
4.
Within one month of the date of entry into force of this Agreement, USDA/APHIS shall
complete its regulatory notice process for imports of Chinese Jujube.
5.
Within seven working days of the date of entry into force of this Agreement,
USDA/APHIS and the GACC shall sign and implement a phytosanitary protocol to allow the
importation of U.S. fresh potatoes for processing into China.
6.
Within one month of the date of entry into force of this Agreement, USDA/APHIS and
the GACC shall sign and implement a phytosanitary protocol to allow the importation of
California nectarines into China.
3-12

 7.
Within three months of the date of entry into force of this Agreement, USDA/APHIS and
the GACC shall sign and implement a phytosanitary protocol to allow the importation of U.S.
blueberries into China.
8.
Within three months of the date of entry into force of this Agreement, USDA/APHIS and
the GACC shall sign and implement a phytosanitary protocol to allow the importation of
California Hass avocadoes into China.
9.
Within three months of the date of entry into force of this Agreement, USDA/APHIS and
the GACC shall sign and implement a phytosanitary protocol to allow the importation of U.S.
barley into China. The GACC, in coordination with USDA/APHIS, may conduct an on-site visit
of U.S. barley production.
10.
Within one month of the date of entry into force of this Agreement, the GACC shall
meet with USDA/APHIS and conduct an on-site visit of U.S. production of U.S. alfalfa hay
pellets and cubes, U.S. almond meal pellets and cubes, and U.S. timothy hay. Within three
months of the date of entry into force of this Agreement, USDA/APHIS and the GACC shall
sign and implement a phytosanitary protocol to allow importation into China of these products.
11.
The Parties confirm they shall not require a phytosanitary certificate for the importation
from the other Party of frozen fruits and vegetables.
12.
The Parties shall continue technical consultations concerning facilitation of trade in grain
and oilseed products.
Annex 12.
Feed Additives, Premixes, Compound Feed, Distillers’ Dried Grains, and
Distillers’ Dried Grains with Solubles
1.
To streamline procedures, improve efficiencies, and advance trade facilitation, and to
better meet demand for feed to promote the development of animal husbandry, China shall:
(a)

not require an on-site audit or inspection as a condition for registering facilities or
for approving the importation into China of feed additives, premixes, compound
feed products, Distillers’ Dried Grains (DDG), and Distillers’ Dried Grains with
Solubles (DDGS);

(b)

not require an export protocol as a condition for permitting the importation into
China of feed additives, premixes, compound feed products, DDG, and DDGS;
and

(c)

ensure that its requirements for imports of feed additives, premixes, compound
feed products, DDG, and DDGS from the United States are consistent with
international standards and guidelines.

3-13

 2.
Each time that the United States provides China with an updated and complete list of
U.S. feed additive, premix, compound feed product, DDG, and DDGS facilities, China shall,
within 20 working days of receiving the information, register the facilities, publish the list on the
GACC website, and allow imports of feed additives, premixes, compound feed products, DDG,
and DDGS from U.S. facilities appearing on the list on the GACC website.
3.

China shall:
(a)

季
(b)

(i)

within three months of receiving an application from a U.S. DDG or
DDGS manufacturer for the approval of the importation into China of one
of its products, complete the review of that application; and

(ii)

within 20 working days of completing the review of that application, issue
a license allowing importation of the product into China; and

within 20 working days of receiving an application from a U.S. DDG or DDGS
manufacturer that holds or has held a license permitting importation into China of
one of its products, but whose license:
(i)

expired on or after January 1, 2017, or

(ii)

is scheduled to expire after that date,

issue a license to that manufacturer allowing imports of the product into China.
4.

China shall:
(a)

within nine months of receiving an application for the approval of the importation
into China of a new feed additive, premix, or compound feed product, complete
its review of that application and add the product onto China’s List of Feed and
Feed Additives;

(b)

within three months of receiving a new application for the approval of the
importation into China of a feed additive, premix, or compound feed product,
complete its review of that application and issue a license allowing importation of
the product; and

(c)

within 20 working days of receiving an application for renewal for a feed
additive, premix, or compound feed product license, issue a renewed license
allowing importation of the product.

5.
China continues to have the right to audit the U.S. feed additive, premix, compound feed,
DDG, and DDGS feed safety regulatory system, including a representative sample of U.S. feed
additive, premix, compound feed, DDG, and DDGS feed facilities, in coordination with the
relevant U.S. competent authority. Such auditing shall be risk-based. China also continues to
have the right to conduct inspections of a risk-based selection of shipments of U.S. feed additive,
3-14

 premix, compound feed, DDG, and DDGS feed products at the port of entry. If China
determines, based on scientific inspection, that a particular shipment of U.S. feed additives,
premix, compound feed, DDG, and DDGS feed is in violation of applicable feed safety import
requirements, China may refuse importation of that shipment. If China determines that there is a
significant, sustained or recurring pattern of non-conformity with an applicable feed safety
measure by a particular facility, China may refuse to accept shipments from that facility until the
problem is resolved. China shall notify the relevant U.S. competent authority of such nonconformity. The Parties shall exchange information on their feed additive, premix, compound
feed, DDG, and DDGS feed safety regulatory systems.
Annex 13.
1.

Pet Food and Non-ruminant Derived Animal Feed

China shall:
(a)

within one month of the date of entry into force of this Agreement:
(i)

lift its ban on U.S. pet food containing ruminant ingredients in accordance
with Annex 4.2 (Beef); and

(ii)

eliminate the use of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing on all U.S.
pet food products containing ruminant ingredients, and limit PCR testing
of U.S. pet food products not containing ruminant ingredients to a riskbased selection of shipments;

(b)

upon entry into force of this Agreement, allow the importation of U.S. pet foods
containing poultry products;

(c)

not require completion or submission of any facility questionnaire for registration
purposes, except that China may request completion of a facility questionnaire
with respect to a facility that China is auditing; and

(d)

allow the importation of pet foods with animal-origin ingredients from a 3rd
country as long as the ingredients are legally imported into the United States,
meet U.S. domestic requirements for inclusion in pet food, and are traceable to the
country of origin.

2.
Upon entry into force of this Agreement, the Parties shall engage in technical discussions
to discuss the importation of U.S. pet food into China. Within two months of the date of entry
into force of this Agreement, the Parties shall sign a protocol on U.S. pet food imports into
China. Before a new protocol is signed, China shall continue to allow imports of U.S. pet food
as detailed in the Protocol on the Veterinary Health Requirements for Non-Ruminant Derived
Animal Feed and Tallow to be Imported from the United States of America to the People’s
Republic of China, dated November 18, 2004.

3-15

 3.
China has completed its review of 24 new U.S. pet food and animal feed facilities and
shall, within five working days of the date of entry into force of this Agreement, include those
facilities on the list of facilities allowed to export to China pet food or non-ruminant derived
animal feed.
4.
The United States shall, on a monthly basis, provide to China any updates to the list of
U.S. pet food and non-ruminant derived animal feed facilities that the United States has
determined to be eligible to export pet food or non-ruminant derived animal feed to China. Upon
receipt of each update to the list, China shall, within 20 working days, register the facilities,
publish the updates to the list of facilities on the GACC website, and allow imports of pet food
and non-ruminant derived animal feed from U.S. facilities on the list on the GACC website.
5.
China continues to have the right to audit the U.S. pet food and non-ruminant derived
animal feed safety regulatory system, including a representative sample of U.S. pet food and
non-ruminant derived animal feed facilities, in coordination with the relevant U.S. competent
authority. Such auditing shall be risk-based. China also continues to have the right to conduct
inspections of a risk-based selection of shipments of U.S. pet food and non-ruminant derived
animal feed at the port of entry. If China determines, based on scientific inspection, that a
particular shipment of U.S pet food and non-ruminant derived animal feed is in violation of
applicable pet food and non-ruminant derived animal feed safety import requirements, China
may refuse importation of that shipment. If China determines that there is a significant,
sustained or recurring pattern of non-conformity with an applicable feed safety measure by a
particular facility, China may refuse to accept shipments from that facility until the problem is
resolved. China shall notify the relevant U.S. competent authority of such non-conformity. The
Parties shall exchange information on their pet food and non-ruminant derived animal feed safety
regulatory systems.
Annex 14.

Tariff Rate Quotas

1.
China shall ensure that, from December 31, 2019, its TRQ measures for wheat, rice, and
corn are in conformity with the Panel Report in China-Tariff Rate Quotas for Certain
Agricultural Products and the WTO agreements, including China’s commitments under the
Protocol on the Accession of the People’s Republic of China to the WTO and China’s Schedule
CLII, Part I, Section 1(B).
2.
The entirety of China’s TRQs for wheat, rice, and corn (WRC TRQs) for each year shall
be allocated by January 1 of that year to end-users. China shall ensure that it does not inhibit the
filling of its WRC TRQs.
3.
China’s requirements for WRC TRQ eligibility, allocation, return, reallocation, and
penalties shall not discriminate between State Trading Enterprises (STEs) and non-STEs and
shall apply equally to the STE share of the WRC TRQ and the non-STE share of the WRC
TRQ. For the purposes of China’s WRC TRQ administration measures, “end-users” and
“enterprises” include STEs when allocated a WRC TRQ.

3-16

 4.
China shall reallocate all unused and returned WRC TRQ amounts, including all unused
and returned amounts allocated to STEs or designated as part of the “STE share,” by October 1
of each year. Only new applicants and entities other than those returning unused quotas shall be
eligible to receive reallocated WRC TRQ amounts.
5.

China shall make all WRC TRQ allocations in commercially viable shipping amounts.

6.
China shall clearly specify and publish all eligibility criteria for its WRC TRQs and all
allocation principles for its WRC TRQ administration, and the allocation principles shall be
relevant to the importation, processing, or sale of the commodity subject to the WRC TRQ.
China shall ensure that a sufficient number of STE and non-STE entities, including new quota
applicants, are eligible to receive WRC TRQ allocations, and that the full utilization of its WRC
TRQs is not inhibited.
7.
Consistent with China’s WTO obligations, at the request of the United States, China shall
provide the relevant WRC TRQ allocation and reallocation information requested.
8.
Each Party shall make available on a public website existing laws, regulations, and
announcements on its administration of WRC TRQs, if any, and publish any change to them in a
timely manner. Upon request of a Party, the Parties shall hold consultations on TRQ
administration pursuant to the Bilateral Evaluation and Dispute Resolution Chapter.
Annex 15.

Domestic Support

1.
China shall respect its WTO obligations to publish in an official journal its laws,
regulations, and other measures pertaining to its domestic support programs and policies.
2.
For greater certainty, nothing in this Agreement limits the rights of the United States
under the WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding against China with respect to China’s
domestic support measures.
Annex 16.

Agricultural Biotechnology

1.
To help realize the benefits of agricultural biotechnology for sustainable agriculture, the
Parties agree to carry out exchanges on agricultural biotechnology, and intend to take steps to
enhance engagement with the public concerning agricultural biotechnology and public awareness
of scientific information relevant to agricultural biotechnology, with the aim of building public
confidence in, and acceptance of, the use of safe biotechnology in agriculture and the food
system.
2.
China shall implement a transparent, predictable, efficient, science- and risk-based
regulatory process for safety evaluation and authorization of products of agricultural
biotechnology. For agricultural biotechnology products for feed or further processing, China
shall significantly reduce, to no more than 24 months, the average amount of time between:
3-17

 (a)

the submission of a formal application for authorization of such a product; and

(b)

the final decision on approval or disapproval of the product.

China shall base its safety evaluation procedures on the relevant international standards and
recommendations of Codex and the International Plant Protection Convention. China shall base
any safety evaluation that it conducts on scientific data and information obtained using
appropriate methods and analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques.
3.
The Parties shall strengthen communication on biotechnology regulation, in order to
increase mutual understanding and to facilitate trade in products of agricultural biotechnology.
4.

China shall:
(a)

within five working days of receipt of the product dossier submitted in support of
a formal application for approval of a product of agricultural biotechnology, prescreen for completeness, by means of comparison against the requirements on the
application form, the dossier and inform the applicant of any deficiencies in the
sufficiency of information in the dossier;

(b)

accept complaints from applicants concerning the operation of the approval
procedure for agricultural biotechnology products to be used for purposes of food,
feed, and processing, and take corrective action upon receipt of a justified
complaint;

(c)

when additional information from an applicant is necessary for the National
Biosafety Committee (NBC) to finalize a safety evaluation, within 20 working
days of the NBC meeting at which the NBC ascertained its need for the additional
information, request all such information in writing and provide a written
explanation to the applicant of how the requested information would be relevant
to the safety of the product’s intended use;

(d)

when additional information has been submitted to the NBC by an applicant,
ensure that the NBC meets as soon as possible and as often as necessary thereafter
in order to finalize the NBC’s review of the application; and

(e)

convene at least two NBC meetings per year and increase, depending on the
number of applications, the frequency of NBC meetings as much as necessary.

5.
China shall establish an authorization period of at least five years for any agricultural
biotechnology product.
6.
China shall, within 12 months of the date of entry into force of this Agreement, establish
and make public a simplified, predictable, science- and risk-based, and efficient safety-

3-18

 assessment procedure for approval of food ingredients derived from genetically modified
microorganisms.
7.

8.

China shall:
(a)

accept applications for agricultural biotechnology product approvals on an ongoing, year-round basis;

(b)

if prior to receipt by China of a formal application for approval of an agricultural
biotechnology product but following the submission of the dossier for the product
to U.S. authorities, the dossier for the product is submitted to China, pre-screen
the dossier within five working days of receipt for completeness against the
Chinese requirements that will apply following the submission of a formal
application for approval of the product in China;

(c)

upon receipt of a formal application, begin review of any application for approval
of an agricultural biotechnology product;

(d)

not request information unnecessary for assessing the safety of a product for its
intended use; and

(e)

for any product that passes China’s safety evaluation, make the administrative
decision of approval and issue a biosafety certificate within 20 working days of
conclusion of the NBC meeting.

In the event of an occurrence of low-level presence (LLP) affecting a U.S. shipment
exported to China, China shall:
(a)

without undue delay, inform the importer or the importer’s agent of the LLP
occurrence and of any additional pertinent information that will be required to be
submitted to assist China to make a decision on the management of the LLP
occurrence;

(b)

provide to the United States a summary of any risk or safety assessment that
China has conducted in connection with the LLP occurrence;

(c)

ensure that the LLP occurrence is managed without unnecessary delay; and

(d)

take into account any relevant risk or safety assessment provided, and
authorization granted, by the United States or any foreign country when deciding
how to manage the LLP occurrence.

9.
China shall evaluate inadvertent or technically unavoidable LLP occurrences on a caseby-case basis to minimize trade disruptions.

3-19

 10.
The Parties agree to organize experts to conduct further studies on the issue of LLP and
to collaborate internationally on practical approaches to addressing LLP.
Annex 17.

Food Safety

1.
The Parties shall not implement food safety regulations, or require actions of the other
Party’s regulatory authorities, that are not science- or risk-based and shall only apply such
regulations and require such actions to the extent necessary to protect human life or health.

3-20

 Appendix I: Beef, Pork, and Poultry Products Considered Not Eligible for Import into
China
U.S. statutes and regulations require the condemnation of meat and poultry carcasses,
parts thereof, and products, found to be diseased, adulterated or otherwise unfit at the time of
slaughter, or during any subsequent inspection. The FSIS does not allow meat or poultry
products that are determined to be unqualified, or that are contaminated—for example, with
feces, foreign material, or cerebral fluid from cattle—to enter commerce. Animals that display
systemic signs of disease or pathologies are condemned. FSIS Public Health Veterinarians
certify on the FSIS certificate that the meat or poultry products are from animals that received
both antemortem and postmortem inspection and were found sound and healthy. In addition, the
product has been inspected and passed as provided by law and regulations of the USDA, and is
wholesome, and suitable for human consumption
The following is a list of products that are not eligible for importation into China,
including when incorporated into further-processed products:
(a)

beef and pork: thyroid glands, adrenal glands, uropygial glands, tonsils, major
lymph nodes exposed during slaughter and cutting, laryngeal muscle tissue, lungs,
pancreas, spleen, gallbladder, uterus, hair, hoofs, and lactating mammary glands;

(b)

horns from cattle;

(c)

mechanically separated beef and distal ileum from cattle of any age;

(d)

brain, skull, eyes, trigeminal ganglia, spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia, and
vertebral column (excluding the vertebrae of the tail, the transverse processes of
the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, and the wings of the sacrum), from cattle 30
months of age and older; and

(e)

feathers, heads, intestines, and tails of poultry.

3-21

 CHAPTER 4
FINANCIAL SERVICES
Article 4.1: Objectives
The Parties believe that they have a significant opportunity for cooperation and mutual
benefit in bilateral services trade. Each Party requests that the other Party ensure fair, effective,
and non-discriminatory participation in its market for services and services suppliers of the other
Party. The Parties shall work constructively to provide fair, effective, and non-discriminatory
market access for each other’s services and services suppliers. To that end, the Parties shall take
specific actions beginning with the actions set forth in this Chapter with respect to the financial
services sector.
Article 4.2: Banking Services
1.
The Parties acknowledge the importance of mutually beneficial cooperation to enhance
market access and strengthen the Parties’ respective banking services sectors.
2.
China commits that when a qualified subsidiary of a U.S. financial institution provides or
seeks to provide securities investment fund custody services, its parent company’s overseas assets
shall be taken into consideration in order to fulfill applicable asset requirements. Within five
months after the date of entry into force of this Agreement, China shall allow branches of U.S.
financial institutions to provide securities investment fund custody services, and the parent
company’s overseas assets shall be taken into consideration in order to fulfill applicable asset
requirements. China shall review and approve qualified applications by U.S. financial institutions
for securities investment fund custody licenses on an expeditious basis.
3.
China affirms that U.S. financial institutions applying to serve as Type-A lead underwriters
for all types of non-financial debt instruments shall be evaluated and granted licenses based on the
revised formula for granting lead underwriting licenses for non-financial enterprise debt
instruments, which takes into account U.S. financial institutions’ international qualifications in
order to fulfill applicable requirements for the entity seeking the license in China.
4.
The United States acknowledges current pending requests by Chinese institutions,
including by CITIC Group, and affirms that such requests will be considered expeditiously.

4-1

 Article 4.3: Credit Rating Services
1.
China affirms that a wholly U.S.-owned credit rating services supplier has been allowed to
rate domestic bonds sold to domestic and international investors, including for the interbank
market. China commits that it shall continue to allow U.S. service suppliers, including wholly
U.S.-owned credit rating services suppliers, to rate all types of domestic bonds sold to domestic
and international investors. Within three months after the date of entry into force of this
Agreement, China shall review and approve any pending license applications of U.S. service
suppliers to provide credit rating services.
2.
Each Party shall allow a supplier of credit rating services of the other Party to acquire a
majority ownership stake in the supplier’s existing joint venture.
3.
The United States affirms that it accords non-discriminatory treatment to Chinese credit
rating services suppliers.
Article 4.4: Electronic Payment Services
1.
China shall accept any applications from a U.S. electronic payment services supplier,
including an application of a supplier seeking to operate as a wholly foreign-owned entity, to begin
preparatory work to become a bank card clearing institution within five working days of
submission, and may make a one-time request within those five working days for any corrections
or supplementary information. If such a request is made, China shall accept the application within
five working days after the applicant has responded to that request. China shall make a
determination with respect to the application, including an explanation of any adverse
determination, within 90 working days of its acceptance.
2.
No later than one month after a U.S. service supplier notifies China that it has completed
its preparatory work, China shall accept the license application of such U.S. supplier, including
any license application of Mastercard, Visa, or American Express, and shall make a determination
with respect to the application, including an explanation of any adverse determination.
3.
The United States affirms it accords non-discriminatory treatment to Chinese electronic
payment service suppliers, including UnionPay.

4-2

 Article 4.5: Financial Asset Management (Distressed Debt) Services
1.
The Parties acknowledge the mutual beneficial opportunities in the distressed debt services
sector and will work together to promote further opportunities in this sector.
2.
China shall allow U.S. financial services suppliers to apply for asset management company
licenses that would permit them to acquire non-performing loans directly from Chinese banks,
beginning with provincial licenses. When additional national licenses are granted, China shall treat
U.S. financial services suppliers on a non-discriminatory basis with Chinese suppliers, including
with respect to the granting of such licenses.
3.
The United States will continue to allow Chinese financial services suppliers to engage in
acquisition and resolution of non-performing loans in the United States.
Article 4.6: Insurance Services
1.
No later than April 1, 2020, China shall remove the foreign equity cap in the life, pension,
and health insurance sectors and allow wholly U.S.-owned insurance companies to participate in
these sectors. China affirms that there are no restrictions on the ability of U.S.-owned insurance
companies established in China to wholly own insurance asset management companies in China.
2.
No later than April 1, 2020, China shall remove any business scope limitations,
discriminatory regulatory processes and requirements, and overly burdensome licensing and
operating requirements for all insurance sectors (including insurance intermediation), and shall
thereafter review and approve expeditiously any application by U.S. financial services suppliers
for licenses to supply insurance services. In accordance with this commitment, China affirms that
it has eliminated the requirement of thirty-years of insurance business operations for establishment
of new foreign insurance companies.
3.
The United States acknowledges current pending requests by Chinese institutions,
including by China Reinsurance Group, and affirms that such requests will be considered
expeditiously.
Article 4.7: Securities, Fund Management, Futures Services
1.
Each Party shall, on a non-discriminatory basis, review and approve a qualified application
of a financial institution of the other Party for a securities, fund management, or futures license.
The Parties affirm that licensed financial institutions of the other Party are entitled to supply the
same full scope of services in these sectors as licensed financial institutions of the Party.

4-3

 2.
No later than April 1, 2020, China shall eliminate foreign equity limits and allow wholly
U.S.-owned services suppliers to participate in the securities, fund management, and futures
sectors.
3.
China affirms that it substantially reduced the high net asset value requirement on majority
shareholders of securities services suppliers on July 5, 2019.
4.
China affirms that existing U.S.-invested securities joint ventures are allowed to retain their
existing licenses when they become U.S.-controlled, U.S. majority-owned, or wholly U.S.-owned
securities companies.
5.
The Parties shall ensure there are no discriminatory restrictions for private fund managers
of the other Party. China shall ensure that there is no prohibition on U.S.-owned private fund
managers investing in H shares (i.e., shares of mainland Chinese companies listed on the Hong
Kong stock exchange) and that qualified U.S.-owned private fund managers may be approved to
provide investment advisory services on a case-by-case basis.
6.
The Parties affirm that there are no discriminatory restrictions for institutions of the other
Party in futures products, including by allowing the institutions of the other Party to invest in the
full scope of futures products in which domestic institutions can invest (including financial,
interest-rate, and exchange-rate futures).
7.
The United States acknowledges current pending requests by Chinese institutions,
including by China International Capital Corporation, and affirms that such requests will be
considered expeditiously.

4-4

 CHAPTER 5
MACROECONOMIC POLICIES AND EXCHANGE RATE MATTERS
AND TRANSPARENCY
Article 5.1: General Provisions
1.
Each Party shall respect the other Party’s autonomy in monetary policy, in accordance
with its domestic law.
2.
The Parties recognize that strong fundamentals, sound policies, and a resilient
international monetary system are essential to the stability of exchange rates, contributing to
strong and sustainable growth and investment. Flexible exchange rates, where feasible, can
serve as a shock absorber.
3.
The Parties share the objective of pursuing policies that strengthen underlying economic
fundamentals, foster growth and transparency, and avoid unsustainable external imbalances.
4.
The Parties shall honor currency-related commitments each has undertaken in G20
communiqués, including to refrain from competitive devaluations and the targeting of exchange
rates for competitive purposes.
Article 5.2: Exchange Rate Practices
1.
Each Party confirms that it is bound under the International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Articles of Agreement to avoid manipulating exchange rates or the international monetary
system in order to prevent effective balance of payments adjustment or to gain an unfair
competitive advantage.
2.

Each Party should:
(a)

achieve and maintain a market-determined exchange rate regime; and

(b)

strengthen underlying economic fundamentals, which reinforces the conditions
for macroeconomic and exchange rate stability.

3.
The Parties shall refrain from competitive devaluations and not target exchange rates for
competitive purposes, including through large-scale, persistent, one-sided intervention in
exchange markets.
4.
The Parties will communicate regularly and consult on foreign exchange markets,
activities, and policies. The Parties will consult with each other regarding the IMF’s assessment
of the exchange rate of each Party.
5-1

 Article 5.3: Transparency
1.
The Parties affirm that they shall continue to disclose publicly within the prescribed
timeframes below:

2.

(a)

monthly foreign exchange reserves data and forward positions according to the
IMF’s Data Template on International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity,
no later than 30 days after the end of each month;

(b)

quarterly balance of payments for the sub-components of the financial account,
including direct investment, portfolio investment, and other investment (loans and
receivables), no later than 90 days after the end of each quarter; and

(c)

quarterly exports and imports of goods and services, no later than 90 days after
the end of each quarter.

The Parties reaffirm and shall continue to consent to the public disclosure by the IMF of:
(a)

each IMF Article IV Staff Report on the country of the Party, including the
exchange rate assessment, within four weeks of the IMF Executive Board
discussion; and

(b)

confirmation of the Party’s participation in the IMF COFER database.

3.
If the IMF does not disclose publicly any items listed in paragraph 2 with respect to a
Party, that Party shall request that the IMF disclose publicly those items.
Article 5.4: Enforcement Mechanism
1.
Issues related to exchange rate policy or transparency shall be referred by either the U.S.
Secretary of the Treasury or the Governor of the People’s Bank of China to the Bilateral
Evaluation and Dispute Resolution Arrangement established in Chapter 7 (Bilateral Evaluation
and Dispute Resolution).
2.
If there is failure to arrive at a mutually satisfactory resolution under the Bilateral
Evaluation and Dispute Resolution Arrangement, the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury or the
Governor of the People’s Bank of China may also request that the IMF, consistent with its
mandate:
(a)

undertake rigorous surveillance of the macroeconomic and exchange rate policies
and data transparency and reporting policies of the requested Party; or

(b)

initiate formal consultations and provide input, as appropriate.

5-2

 CHAPTER 6
EXPANDING TRADE
Article 6.1: Objectives
1.
The Parties acknowledge that trade and economic structural changes resulting from this
Agreement and from other actions being taken by China to open up its economy and improve its
trade regime should lead to improved trade flows, including significant increases in exports of
goods and services to China by the United States and other countries.
2.
The Parties believe that expanding trade is conducive to the improvement of their bilateral
trade relationship, the optimal allocation of resources, economic restructuring, and sustainable
economic development, given the high degree of complementarity in trade between them.
3.
The Parties recognize that the United States produces and can supply high-quality,
competitively priced goods and services, while China needs to increase the importation of quality
and affordable goods and services to satisfy the increasing demand from Chinese consumers.
4.
The Parties accordingly seek to work constructively and cooperatively toward an improved
bilateral trade relationship and to explore appropriate steps to facilitate increased trade.
Article 6.2: Trade Opportunities
1.
During the two-year period from January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2021, China shall
ensure that purchases and imports into China from the United States of the manufactured goods,
agricultural goods, energy products, and services identified in Annex 6.1 exceed the corresponding
2017 baseline amount by no less than $200 billion. Specifically, China shall ensure that:
(a)

For the category of manufactured goods identified in Annex 6.1, no less than $32.9
billion above the corresponding 2017 baseline amount is purchased and imported
into China from the United States in calendar year 2020, and no less than $44.8
billion above the corresponding 2017 baseline amount is purchased and imported
into China from the United States in calendar year 2021;

(b)

For the category of agricultural goods identified in Annex 6.1, no less than $12.5
billion above the corresponding 2017 baseline amount is purchased and imported
into China from the United States in calendar year 2020, and no less than $19.5
billion above the corresponding 2017 baseline amount is purchased and imported
into China from the United States in calendar year 2021;

(c)

For the category of energy products identified in Annex 6.1, no less than $18.5
billion above the corresponding 2017 baseline amount is purchased and imported
into China from the United States in calendar year 2020, and no less than $33.9
6-1

 billion above the corresponding 2017 baseline amount is purchased and imported
into China from the United States in calendar year 2021; and
(d)

For the category of services identified in Annex 6.1, no less than $12.8 billion above
the corresponding 2017 baseline amount is purchased and imported into China from
the United States in calendar year 2020, and no less than $25.1 billion above the
corresponding 2017 baseline amount is purchased and imported into China from
the United States in calendar year 2021.

2.
The Parties shall specify the increases in purchases and imports for the subcategories listed
in Annex 6.1 as appropriate.
3.
The Parties project that the trajectory of increases in the amounts of manufactured goods,
agricultural goods, energy products, and services purchased and imported into China from the
United States will continue in calendar years 2022 through 2025.
4.
The United States shall ensure to take appropriate steps to facilitate the availability of U.S.
goods and services to be purchased and imported into China.
5.
The Parties acknowledge that purchases will be made at market prices based on commercial
considerations and that market conditions, particularly in the case of agricultural goods, may
dictate the timing of purchases within any given year.
6.
Official Chinese trade data and official U.S. trade data shall be used to determine whether
this Chapter has been implemented. If an analysis of the respective trade data gives rise to
conflicting assessments of whether this Chapter has been implemented, the Parties shall engage in
consultations.
7.
If China believes that its ability to fulfill its obligations under this Chapter is being affected
by an action or inaction by the United States or by other circumstances arising in the United States,
China is entitled to request consultations with the United States.

6-2

 ANNEX 6.1
INCREASES IN U.S. EXPORTS TO CHINA OVER 2 YEARS
Unit: USD Billion

Additional U.S. Exports to China
on Top of 2017 Baseline

Product Category
1. Manufactured Goods
1
Industrial machinery
2
Electrical equipment and machinery
3
Pharmaceutical products
4
Aircraft (orders and deliveries)
5
Vehicles
6
Optical and medical instruments
7
Iron and steel
8
Other manufactured goodsa
2. Agricultureb
9
Oilseeds
10
Meat
11
Cereals
12
Cotton
13
Other agricultural commoditiesc
14
Seafoodd
3. Energy
15
Liquefied natural gas
16
Crude oil
17
Refined products
18
Coale
4. Servicesf
19
Charges for use of IP
20
Business travel and tourism
21
Financial services and insurance
22
Other services
23
Cloud and related services
TOTAL

Year 1

Year 2

2-Year Total

32.9

44.8

77.7

12.5

19.5

32.0

18.5

33.9

52.4

12.8

25.1

37.9

76.7

123.3

200.0

a
Includes solar-grade polysilicon and other organic and inorganic chemicals, hardwood lumber, integrated circuits
(manufactured in U.S.), and chemical products.
b
At the request of the United States, China will strive to purchase and import $5 billion per year of the U.S.
agricultural products covered by this Chapter, in addition to the minimum amounts set forth herein.
c
Includes all other agricultural products, including alfalfa, citrus, dairy, dietary supplements, distilled spirits, dried
distiller grains, essential oils, ethanol, fresh baby carrots, fruits and vegetables, ginseng, pet food, processed foods,
tree nuts, and wine.
d
Includes lobster.
e
Includes metallurgical coal.
f
All services numbers represent the cross-border supply of services (Mode 1), with the exception of the numbers for
financial services and insurance and cloud services, which include both the cross-border supply of services and the
supply of services through commercial presence (Mode 3).

6-3

 ATTACHMENT TO ANNEX 6.1
INCREASES IN U.S. EXPORTS TO CHINA OVER 2 YEARS
(This attachment is only authentic in English; when the Parties conclude and verify an agreed Chinese translation
of this attachment, both the English and Chinese versions shall be equally authentic)
1. Manufactured Goods
1

Industrial machinery
HS Code
8401
8402
8403
8404
8405

Product Description
Nuclear reactors; fuel elements (cartridges), non-irradiated, for nuclear reactors; machinery and apparatus for isotopic
separation; parts thereof
Steam or other vapor generating boilers (other than central heating hot water boilers capable also of producing low
pressure steam); super-heated water boilers;
Central heating boilers (other than those of heading 8402) and parts thereof
Auxiliary plant for use with boilers of heading 8402 or 8403 (for example, economizers, super-heaters, soot removers, gas
recoverers); condensers for steam or other vapor power units; parts thereof
Producer gas or water gas generators, with or without their purifiers; acetylene gas generators and similar water process
gas generators, with or without their purifiers; parts thereof

8406

Steam turbines and other vapor turbines, and parts thereof

8407

Spark-ignition reciprocating or rotary internal combustion piston engines

8408

Compression-ignition internal combustion piston engines (diesel or semi-diesel engines)

8409

Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the engines of heading 8407 or 8408

8410

Hydraulic turbines, water wheels and regulators therefor; parts thereof

8411

Turbojets, turbopropellers and other gas turbines, and parts thereof

8412

Other engines and motors, and parts thereof

8413
8414
8415
8416
8417
8418

8419

8420
8421
8422
8423
8424

Pumps for liquids, whether or not fitted with a measuring device; liquid elevators; part thereof
Air or vacuum pumps, air or other gas compressors and fans; ventilating or recycling hoods incorporating a fan, whether
or not fitted with filters; parts thereof
Air conditioning machines, comprising a motor-driven fan and elements for changing the temperature and humidity,
including those machines in which the humidity cannot be separately regulated; parts thereof
Furnace burners for liquid fuel, for pulverized solid fuel or for gas; mechanical stokers, including their mechanical grates,
mechanical ash dischargers and similar appliances; parts thereof
Industrial or laboratory furnaces and ovens, including incinerators, nonelectric, and parts thereof
Refrigerators, freezers and other refrigerating or freezing equipment, electric or other; heat pumps, other than the air
conditioning machines of heading 8415; parts thereof
Machinery, plant or laboratory equipment, whether or not electrically heated (excluding furnaces, ovens and other
equipment of heading 8514), for the treatment of materials by a process involving a change of temperature such as
heating, cooking, roasting, distilling, rectifying, sterilizing, pasteurizing, steaming, drying, evaporating, vaporizing,
condensing or cooling, other than machinery or plant of a kind used for domestic purposes; instantaneous or storage water
heaters, nonelectric; parts thereof
Calendering or other rolling machines, other than for metals or glass, and cylinders therefor; parts thereof
Centrifuges, including centrifugal dryers; filtering or purifying machinery and apparatus, for liquids or gases; parts thereof
Dishwashing machines; machinery for cleaning or drying bottles or other containers; machinery for filling, closing, sealing
or labeling bottles, cans, boxes, bags or other containers; machinery for capsuling bottles, jars, tubes and similar
containers; other packing or wrapping machinery (including heat-shrink wrapping machinery); machinery for aerating
beverages; parts thereof
Weighing machinery (excluding balances of a sensitivity of 5 cg or better), including weight-operated counting or
checking machines; weighing machine weights of all kinds; parts of weighing machinery
Mechanical appliances (whether or not hand operated) for projecting, dispersing or spraying liquids or powders; fire
extinguishers, whether or not charged; spray guns and similar appliances; steam or sand blasting machines and similar jet
projecting machines; parts thereof

8425

Pulley tackle and hoists other than skip hoists; winches and capstans; jacks

8426

Ships' derricks; cranes, including cable cranes; mobile lifting frames, straddle carriers and works trucks fitted with a crane

6-4

 8427

Fork-lift trucks; other works trucks fitted with lifting or handling equipment

8428

Other lifting, handling, loading or unloading machinery (for example, elevators, escalators, conveyors, teleferics)

8429
8430

Self-propelled bulldozers, angledozers, graders, levelers, scrapers, mechanical shovels, excavators, shovel loaders,
tamping machines and road rollers
Other moving, grading, leveling, scraping, excavating, tamping, compacting, extracting or boring machinery, for earth,
minerals
or ores; pile-drivers and pile-extractors; snowplows and snowblowers

8431

Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the machinery of headings 8425 to 8430

8432

Agricultural, horticultural or forestry machinery for soil preparation or cultivation; lawn or sports ground rollers; parts
thereof

8433

Harvesting or threshing machinery, including straw or fodder balers; grass or hay mowers; machines for cleaning, sorting
or grading eggs, fruit or other agricultural produce, other than machinery of heading 8437; parts thereof

8434

Milking machines and dairy machinery, and parts thereof

8435

Presses, crushers and similar machinery, used in the manufacture of wine, cider, fruit juices or similar beverages; parts
thereof

8436
8437
8438

Other agricultural, horticultural, forestry, poultry-keeping or bee-keeping machinery, including germination plant fitted
with mechanical or thermal equipment; poultry incubators and brooders; parts thereof
Machines for cleaning, sorting or grading seed, grain or dried leguminous vegetables, and parts thereof; machinery used in
the milling industry or for the working of cereals or dried leguminous vegetables, other than farm type machinery; parts
thereof
Machinery, not specified or included elsewhere in this chapter, for the industrial preparation or manufacture of food or
drink, other than machinery for the extraction or preparation of animal or fixed vegetable fats or oils; parts thereof

8439

Cellulose pulp, paper and board manufacturing or finishing machines

8440

Bookbinding machinery, including book-sewing machines, and parts thereof

8441

Other machinery for making up paper pulp, paper or paperboard, including cutting machines of all kinds, and parts thereof

8442

Machinery, apparatus and equipment (other than the machines of headings 8456 to 8465), for preparing or making plates,
cylinders or other printing components; plates, cylinders and other printing components; plates, cylinders and lithographic
stones, prepared for printing purposes (for example, planed, grained or polished); parts thereof

8443

Printing machinery used for printing by means of plates, cylinders and other printing components of heading 8442; other
printers, copying machines and facsimile machines, whether or not combined; parts and accessories thereof

8444

Machines for extruding, drawing, texturing or cutting man-made textile materials

8445

Machines for preparing textile fibers; spinning, doubling or twisting machines and other machinery for producing textile
yarns; textile reeling or winding (including weft winding) machines and machines for preparing textile yarns for use on the
machines of heading 8446 or 8447

8446
8447
8448
8449
8450
8451
8452
8453

Weaving machines (looms)
Knitting machines, stitch-bonding machines and machines for making gimped yarn, tulle, lace, embroidery, trimmings,
braid or net and machines for tufting
Auxiliary machinery for use with machines of heading 8444, 8445, 8446 or 8447 (for example, dobbies, Jacquards,
automatic stop motions and shuttle changing mechanisms); parts and accessories suitable for use solely or principally with
the machines of this heading or of heading 8444, 8445, 8446 or 8447 (for example, spindles and spindle flyers, card
clothing, combs, extruding nipples, shuttles, healds and heald-frames, hosiery needles)
Machinery for the manufacture or finishing of felt or nonwovens in the piece or in shapes, including machinery for making
felt hats; blocks for making hats; parts thereof
Household- or laundry-type washing machines, including machines which both wash and dry; parts thereof
Machinery (other than machines of heading 8450) for washing, cleaning, wringing, drying, ironing, pressing (including
fusing presses), bleaching, dyeing, dressing, finishing, coating or impregnating textile yarns, fabrics or made up textile
articles and machines for applying the paste to the base fabric or other support used in the manufacture of floor coverings
such as linoleum; machines for reeling, unreeling, folding, cutting or pinking textile fabrics; parts thereof
Sewing machines, other than book-sewing machines of heading 8440; furniture, bases and covers specially designed for
sewing machines; sewing machine needles; parts thereof
Machinery for preparing, tanning or working hides, skins or leather or for making or repairing footwear or other articles of
hides, skins or leather, other than sewing machines; parts thereof

6-5

 8454

Converters, ladles, ingot molds and casting machines, of a kind used in metallurgy or in metal foundries, and parts thereof

8455

Metal-rolling mills and rolls therefor; parts thereof

8456

Machine tools for working any material by removal of material, by laser or other light or photon beam, ultrasonic, electrodischarge, electro-chemical, electron-beam, ionic-beam or plasma arc processes; water-jet cutting machines

8457

Machining centers, unit construction machines (single station) and multistation transfer machines, for working metal

8458
8459
8460

Lathes (including turning centers) for removing metal
Machine tools (including way-type unit head machines) for drilling, boring, milling, threading or tapping by removing
metal, other than lathes (including turning centers) of heading 8458
Machine tools for deburring, sharpening, grinding, honing, lapping, polishing or otherwise finishing metal or cermets by
means of grinding stones, abrasives or polishing products, other than gear cutting, gear grinding or gear finishing machines
of heading 8461

8461

Machine tools for planing, shaping, slotting, broaching, gear cutting, gear grinding or gear finishing, sawing, cutting-off
and other machine tools working by removing metal or cermets, not elsewhere specified or included

8462

Machine tools (including presses) for working metal by forging, hammering or die-stamping; machine tools (including
presses) for working metal by bending, folding, straightening, flattening, shearing, punching or notching; presses for
working metal or metal carbides, not specified above

8463

Other machine tools for working metal or cermets, without removing material

8464

Machine tools for working stone, ceramics, concrete, asbestos-cement or like mineral materials or for cold working glass

8465

Machine tools (including machines for nailing, stapling, glueing or otherwise assembling) for working wood, cork, bone,
hard rubber, hard plastics or similar hard materials

8466

Parts and accessories suitable for use solely or principally with the machines of headings 8456 to 8465, including work or
tool holders, self-opening dieheads, dividing heads and other special attachments for the machines; tool holders for any
type of tool for working in the hand

8467

Tools for working in the hand, pneumatic, hydraulic or with self-contained electric or nonelectric motor, and parts thereof

8468

Machinery and apparatus for soldering, brazing or welding, whether or not capable of cutting, other than those of heading
8515; gas-operated surface tempering machines and appliances; parts thereof

8469

Typewriters other than printers of heading 8443; word processors

8470

Calculating machines and pocket-size data recording, reproducing and displaying machines with calculating functions;
accounting machines, postage-franking machines, ticket-issuing machines and similar machines, incorporating a
calculating device; cash registers

8471

Automatic data processing machines and units thereof; magnetic or optical readers, machines for transcribing data onto
data media in coded form and machines for processing such data, not elsewhere specified or included

8472

Other office machines (for example, hectograph or stencil duplicating machines, addressing machines, automatic banknote
dispensers, coin-sorting machines, coin-counting or wrapping machines, pencil-sharpening machines, perforating or
stapling machines)

8473
8474
8475

Parts and accessories (other than covers, carrying cases and the like) suitable for use solely or principally with machines of
headings 8470 to 8472
Machinery for sorting, screening, separating, washing, crushing, grinding, mixing or kneading earth, stone, ores or other
mineral substances, in solid (including powder or paste) form; machinery for agglomerating, shaping or molding solid
mineral fuels, ceramic paste, unhardened cements, plastering materials or other mineral products in powder or paste form;
machines for forming foundry molds of sand; parts thereof
Machines for assembling electric or electronic lamps, tubes or flashbulbs, in glass envelopes; machines for manufacturing
or hot working glass or glassware; parts thereof

8476

Automatic goods-vending machines (for example, postage stamp, cigarette, food or beverage machines), including moneychanging machines; parts thereof

8477

Machinery for working rubber or plastics or for the manufacture of products from these materials, not specified or
included elsewhere in this chapter; parts thereof

8478

Machinery for preparing or making up tobacco, not specified or included elsewhere in this chapter; parts thereof

8479

Machines and mechanical appliances having individual functions, not specified or included elsewhere in this chapter; parts
thereof

6-6

 2

8480

Molding boxes for metal foundry; mold bases; molding patterns; molds for metal (other than ingot molds), metal carbides,
glass, mineral materials, rubber or plastics

8481

Taps, cocks, valves and similar appliances, for pipes, boiler shells, tanks, vats or the like, including pressure-reducing
valves and thermostatically controlled valves; parts thereof

8482

Ball or roller bearings, and parts thereof

8483

Transmission shafts (including camshafts and crankshafts) and cranks; bearing housings, housed bearings and plain shaft
bearings; gears and gearing; ball or roller screws; gear boxes and other speed changers, including torque converters;
flywheels and pulleys, including pulley blocks; clutches and shaft couplings (including universal joints); parts thereof

8484

Gaskets and similar joints of metal sheeting combined with other material or of two or more layers of metal; sets or
assortments of gaskets and similar joints, dissimilar in composition, put up in pouches, envelopes or similar packings;
mechanical seals

8486

Machines and apparatus of a kind used solely or principally for the manufacture of semiconductor boules or wafers,
semiconductor devices, electronic integrated circuits or flat panel displays; machines and apparatus specified in Note 9 (C)
to this chapter; parts and accessories

8487

Machinery parts, not containing electrical connectors, insulators, coils, contacts or other electrical features, and not
specified or included elsewhere in this chapter

Electrical equipment and machinery
HS Code
8501

Product Description
Electric motors and generators (excluding generating sets)

8502

Electric generating sets and rotary converters

8503

Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the machines
of heading 8501 or 8502

8504

Electrical transformers, static converters (for example, rectifiers) and inductors; parts thereof

8505

Electromagnets; permanent magnets and articles intended to become permanent magnets after magnetization;
electromagnetic or permanent magnet chucks, clamps and similar holding devices; electromagnetic couplings, clutches
and brakes; electromagnetic lifting heads; parts thereof

8506

Primary cells and primary batteries; parts thereof

8507

Electric storage batteries, including separators therefor, whether or not rectangular (including square); parts thereof

8508

Vacuum cleaners; parts thereof

8509

Electromechanical domestic appliances, with self-contained electric motor, other than vacuum cleaners of heading 8508;
parts thereof

8510

Shavers, hair clippers and hair-removing appliances, with self-contained electric motor; parts thereof

8511

Electrical ignition or starting equipment of a kind used for spark-ignition or compression-ignition internal combustion
engines (for example, ignition magnetos, magneto-dynamos, ignition coils, spark plugs and glow plugs, starter motors);
generators (for example, dynamos, alternators) and cut-outs of a kind used in conjunction with such engines; parts thereof

8512

Electrical lighting or signaling equipment (excluding articles of heading 8539), windshield wipers, defrosters and
demisters, of a kind used for cycles or motor vehicles; parts thereof

8513

Portable electric lamps designed to function by their own source of energy (for example, dry batteries, storage batteries,
magnetos), other than lighting equipment of heading 8512; parts thereof

8514

Industrial or laboratory electric furnaces and ovens (including those functioning by induction or dielectric loss); other
industrial
or laboratory equipment for the heat treatment of materials by induction or dielectric loss; parts thereof

6-7

 8515

8516

8517

Electric (including electrically heated gas), laser or other light or photon beam, ultrasonic, electron beam, magnetic pulse
or plasma arc soldering, brazing or welding machines and apparatus, whether or not capable of cutting; electric machines
and apparatus for hot spraying of metals or cermets; parts thereof
Electric instantaneous or storage water heaters and immersion heaters; electric space heating apparatus and soil heating
apparatus; electrothermic hairdressing apparatus (for example, hair dryers, hair curlers, curling tong heaters) and hand
dryers; electric flatirons; other electrothermic appliances of a kind used for domestic purposes; electric heating resistors,
other than those of heading 8545; parts thereof
Telephone sets, including telephones for cellular networks or for other wireless networks; other apparatus for the
transmission or reception of voice, images or other data,
including apparatus for communication in a wired or wireless network (such as a local or wide area network), other than
transmission or reception apparatus of heading 8443, 8525,8527 or 8528; parts thereof

8518

Microphones and stands therefor; loudspeakers, whether or not mounted in their enclosures; headphones and earphones,
whether or not combined with a microphone, and sets consisting of a microphone and one or more loudspeakers; audiofrequency electric amplifiers; electric sound amplifier sets; parts thereof

8519

Sound recording or reproducing apparatus

8521

Video recording or reproducing apparatus, whether or not incorporating a video tuner

8522
8523
8525

Parts and accessories suitable for use solely or principally with the apparatus of heading 8519 or 8521
Discs, tapes, solid-state non-volatile storage devices, "smart cards" and other media for the recording of sound or of other
phenomena, whether or not recorded, including matrices and masters for the production of discs, but excluding products of
Chapter 37
Transmission apparatus for radio-broadcasting or television, whether or not incorporating reception apparatus or sound
recording or reproducing apparatus; television cameras, digital cameras and video camera recorders

8526

Radar apparatus, radio navigational aid apparatus and radio remote control apparatus

8527

Reception apparatus for radiobroadcasting, whether or not combined, in the same housing, with sound recording or
reproducing apparatus or a clock

8528

Monitors and projectors, not incorporating television reception apparatus; reception apparatus for television, whether or
not incorporating radio-broadcast receivers or sound or video recording or reproducing apparatus

8529

Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the apparatus of headings 8525 to 8528

8530

Electrical signaling, safety or traffic control equipment for railways, streetcar lines, subways, roads, inland waterways,
parking facilities, port installations or airfields (other than those of heading 8608); parts thereof

8531

Electric sound or visual signaling apparatus (for example, bells, sirens, indicator panels, burglar or fire alarms), other than
those of heading 8512 or 8530; parts thereof

8532

Electrical capacitors, fixed, variable or adjustable (pre-set); parts thereof

8533

Electrical resistors (including rheostats and potentiometers), other than heating resistors; parts thereof

8534

Printed circuits

8535

Electrical apparatus for switching or protecting electrical circuits, or for making connections to or in electrical circuits (for
example, switches, fuses, lightning arresters, voltage limiters, surge suppressors, plugs and other connectors, junction
boxes), for a voltage exceeding 1,000 V

8536
8537
8538
8539
8540
8541

Electrical apparatus for switching or protecting electrical circuits, or for making connections to or in electrical circuits (for
example, switches, relays, fuses, surge suppressors, plugs, sockets, lamp-holders and other connectors, junction boxes), for
a voltage not exceeding 1,000 V; connectors for optical fibers, optical fiber bundles or cables
Boards, panels, consoles, desks, cabinets and other bases, equipped with two or more apparatus of heading 8535 or 8536,
for electric control or the distribution of electricity, including those incorporating instruments or apparatus of chapter 90,
and numerical control apparatus, other than switching apparatus of heading 8517
Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the apparatus of heading 8535, 8536 or 8537
Electrical filament or discharge lamps, including sealed beam lamp units and ultraviolet or infrared lamps; arc lamps;
light-emitting diode (LED) lamps; parts thereof
Thermionic, cold cathode or photocathode tubes (for example, vacuum or vapor or gas filled tubes, mercury arc rectifying
tubes, cathode-ray tubes, television camera tubes); parts thereof
Diodes, transistors and similar semiconductor devices; photosensitive semiconductor devices, including photovoltaic cells
whether or not assembled in modules or made up into panels; light-emitting diodes (LED); mounted piezoelectric crystals;
parts thereof

6-8

 8543
8544
8545
8546
8547

8548
3

Electrical machines and apparatus, having individual functions, not specified or included elsewhere in this chapter; parts
thereof
Insulated (including enameled or anodized) wire, cable (including coaxial cable) and other insulated electric conductors,
whether or not fitted with connectors; optical fiber cables, made up of individually sheathed fibers, whether or not
assembled with electric conductors or fitted with connectors
Carbon electrodes, carbon brushes, lamp carbons, battery carbons and other articles of graphite or other carbon, with or
without metal, of a kind used for electrical purposes
Electrical insulators of any material
Insulating fittings for electrical machines, appliances or equipment, being fittings wholly of insulating material apart from
any minor components of metal (for example, threaded sockets) incorporated during molding solely for the purposes of
assembly, other than insulators of heading 8546; electrical conduit tubing and joints therefor, of base metal lined with
insulating material
Waste and scrap of primary cells, primary batteries and electric storage batteries; spent primary cells, spent primary
batteries and spent electric storage batteries; electrical parts of machinery or apparatus, not specified or included elsewhere
in this chapter

Pharmaceutical products
HS Code
3001
3002
3003
3004
3005
3006

4

Product Description
Glands and other organs for organotherapeutic uses, dried, whether or not powdered; extracts of glands or other organs or
of their secretions for organotherapeutic uses; heparin and its salts; other human or animal substances prepared for
therapeutic or prophylactic uses, not elsewhere specified or included
Human blood; animal blood prepared for therapeutic, prophylactic or diagnostic uses; antisera, other blood fractions and
immunological products, whether or not modified or obtained by means of biotechnological processes; vaccines, toxins,
cultures of micro-organisms (excluding yeasts) and similar products
Medicaments (excluding goods of heading 3002, 3005 or 3006) consisting of two or more constituents which have been
mixed together for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, not put up in measured doses or in forms or packings for retail sale
Medicaments (excluding goods of heading 3002, 3005 or 3006) consisting of mixed or unmixed products for therapeutic
or prophylactic uses, put up in measured doses (including those in the form of transdermal administration systems) or in
forms or packings for retail sale
Wadding, gauze, bandages and similar articles (for example, dressings, adhesive plasters, poultices), impregnated or
coated with pharmaceutical substances or put up in forms or packings for retail sale for medical, surgical, dental or
veterinary purposes
Pharmaceutical goods specified in note 4 to this chapter

Aircraft (orders and deliveries)
HS Code
8802

5

Product Description
Other aircraft (for example, helicopters, airplanes); spacecraft (including satellites) and suborbital and spacecraft launch
vehicles

Vehicles
HS Code

6

Product Description

8703

Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons (other than those of heading 8702),
including station wagons and racing cars

8704

Motor vehicles for the transport of goods

Optical and medical instruments
HS Code
9002

Product Description
Lenses, prisms, mirrors and other optical elements, of any material, mounted, being parts of or fittings for instruments or
apparatus, other than such elements of glass not optically worked; parts and accessories thereof

9003

Frames and mountings for spectacles, goggles or the like, and parts thereof

9011

Compound optical microscopes, including those for photomicrography, cinemicrography or microprojection; parts and
accessories thereof

9012
9018
9019
9020

Microscopes other than optical microscopes; diffraction apparatus; parts and accessories thereof
Instruments and appliances used in medical, surgical, dental or veterinary sciences, including scintigraphic apparatus,
other electro-medical apparatus and sight-testing instruments; parts and accessories thereof
Mechano-therapy appliances; massage apparatus; psychological aptitude-testing apparatus; ozone therapy, oxygen therapy,
aerosol therapy, artificial respiration or other therapeutic respiration apparatus; parts and accessories thereof
Other breathing appliances and gas masks, excluding protective masks having neither mechanical parts nor replaceable
filters; parts and accessories thereof

6-9

 9021

9022
7

Orthopedic appliances, including crutches, surgical belts and trusses; splints and other fracture appliances; artificial parts
of the body; hearing aids and other appliances which are worn or carried, or implanted in the body, to compensate for a
defect or disability; parts and accessories thereof
Apparatus based on the use of X-rays or of alpha, beta or gamma radiations, whether or not for medical, surgical, dental or
veterinary uses, including radiography or radiotherapy apparatus, X-ray tubes and other X-ray generators, high tension
generators, control panels and desks, screens, examination or treatment tables, chairs and the like; parts and accessories
thereof

Iron and steel
HS Code

Product Description

7201

Pig iron and spiegeleisen in pigs, blocks or other primary forms

7202

Ferroalloys

7203

Ferrous products obtained by direct reduction of iron ore and other spongy ferrous products, in lumps, pellets or similar
forms; iron having a minimum purity by weight of 99.94 percent, in lumps, pellets or similar forms

7204

Ferrous waste and scrap; remelting scrap ingots of iron orsteel

7205

Granules and powders, of pig iron, spiegeleisen, iron or steel

7206

Iron and nonalloy steel in ingots or other primary forms (excluding iron of heading 7203)

7207

Semifinished products of iron or nonalloy steel

7208

Flat-rolled products of iron or nonalloy steel, of a width of 600 mm or more, hot-rolled, not clad, plated or coated

7209

Flat-rolled products of iron or nonalloy steel, of a width of 600 mm or more, cold-rolled (cold-reduced), not clad, plated or
coated

7210

Flat-rolled products of iron or nonalloy steel, of a width of 600 mm or more, clad, plated or coated

7211

Flat-rolled products of iron or nonalloy steel, of a width of less than 600 mm, not clad, plated or coated

7212

Flat-rolled products of iron or nonalloy steel, of a width of less than 600 mm, clad, plated or coated

7213

Bars and rods, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils, of iron or nonalloy steel

7214

Other bars and rods of iron or nonalloy steel, not further worked than forged, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or hot-extruded, but
including
those twisted after rolling

7215

Other bars and rods of iron or nonalloy steel

7216

Angles, shapes and sections of iron or nonalloy steel

7217

Wire of iron or nonalloy steel

7218

Stainless steel in ingots or other primary forms; semi-finished products of stainless steel

7219

Flat-rolled products of stainless steel, of a width of 600 mm or more

7220

Flat-rolled products of stainless steel, of a width of less than 600 mm

7221

Bars and rods, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils, of stainless steel

7222

Other bars and rods of stainless steel; angles, shapes and sections of stainless steel

7223

Wire of stainless steel

7224

Other alloy steel in ingots or other primary forms; semi-finished products of other alloy steel

7225

Flat-rolled products of other alloy steel, of a width of 600 mm or more

7226

Flat-rolled products of other alloy steel, of a width of less than 600 mm

7227

Bars and rods, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils, of other alloy steel

7228

Other bars and rods of other alloy steel; angles, shapes and sections, of other alloy steel; hollow drill bars and rods, of
alloy or non-alloy steel

7229
7301
7302

Wire of other alloy steel
Sheet piling of iron or steel, whether or not drilled, punched or made from assembled elements; welded angles, shapes and
sections, of iron or steel
Railway or tramway track construction material of iron or steel, the following rails, check-rails and rack rails, switch
blades, crossing frogs, point rods and other crossing pieces, sleepers (cross-ties), fish-plates, chairs, chair wedges, sole
plates (base plates), rail clips, bedplates, ties and other material specialized for jointing or fixing rails

6-10

 7303

8

Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles, of cast iron

7304

Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles, seamless, of iron (other than cast iron) or steel

7305

Other tubes and pipes (for example, welded, riveted or similarly closed), having circular cross sections, the external
diameter of which exceeds 406.4 mm, of iron or steel

7307

Tube or pipe fittings (for example, couplings, elbows, sleeves), of iron or steel

Other manufactured goods
HS Code
2201
2202

Product Description
Waters, including natural or artificial mineral waters and aerated waters, not containing added sugar or other sweetening
matter nor flavored; ice and snow
Waters, including mineral waters and aerated waters, containing added sugar or other sweetening matter or flavored, and
other nonalcoholic beverages, not including fruit or vegetable juices of heading 2009

2801

Fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine

2802

Sulfur, sublimed or precipitated; colloidal sulfur

2803

Carbon (carbon blacks and other forms of carbon not elsewhere specified or included)

2804

Hydrogen, rare gases and other nonmetals (including solar-grade polysilicon)

2805

Alkali or alkaline-earth metals; rare-earth metals, scandium and yttrium, whether or not intermixed or interalloyed;
mercury

2806

Hydrogen chloride (Hydrochloric acid); chlorosulfuric acid

2807

Sulfuric acid; oleum

2808

Nitric acid; sulfonitric acids

2809

Diphosphorus pentaoxide; phosphoric acid;polyphosphoric acids, whether or not chemically defined

2810

Oxides of boron; boric acids

2811

Other inorganic acids and other inorganic oxygen compounds of nonmetals

2812

Halides and halide oxides of nonmetals

2813

Sulfides of nonmetals; commercial phosphorus trisulfide

2814

Ammonia, anhydrous or in aqueous solution

2815

Sodium hydroxide (Caustic soda); potassium hydroxide (Caustic potash); peroxides of sodium or potassium

2816

Hydroxide and peroxide of magnesium; oxides, hydroxides and peroxides, of strontium or barium

2817

Zinc oxide; zinc peroxide

2818

Artificial corundum, whether or not chemically defined; aluminum oxide; aluminum hydroxide

2819

Chromium oxides and hydroxides

2820

Manganese oxides

2821

Iron oxides and hydroxides; earth colors containing 70 percent or more by weight of combined iron evaluated as Fe2O3

2822

Cobalt oxides and hydroxides; commercial cobalt oxides

2823

Titanium oxides

2824

Lead oxides; red lead and orange lead

2825

Hydrazine and hydroxylamine and their inorganic salts; other inorganic bases; other metal oxides, hydroxides and
peroxides

2826

Fluorides; fluorosilicates, fluoroaluminates and other complex fluorine salts

2827

Chlorides, chloride oxides and chloride hydroxides; bromides and bromide oxides; iodides and iodide oxides

2828

Hypochlorites; commercial calcium hypochlorite; chlorites; hypobromites

2829

Chlorates and perchlorates; bromates and perbromates; iodates and periodates

6-11

 2830

Sulfides; polysulfides, whether or not chemically defined

2831

Dithionites and sulfoxylates

2832

Sulfites; thiosulfates

2833

Sulfates; alums; peroxosulfates (persulfates)

2834

Nitrites; nitrates

2835

Phosphinates (hypophosphites), phosphonates (phosphites) and phosphates; polyphosphates, whether or not chemically
defined

2836

Carbonates; peroxocarbonates (percarbonates); commercial ammonium carbonate containing ammonium carbamate

2837

Cyanides, cyanide oxides and complex cyanides

2839

Silicates; commercial alkali metal silicates

2840

Borates; peroxoborates (perborates)

2841
2842
2843
2844
2845

Salts of oxometallic or peroxometallic acids
Other salts of inorganic acids or peroxoacids (including aluminosilicates whether or not chemically defined), other than
azides
Colloidal precious metals; inorganic or organic compounds of precious metals, whether or not chemically defined;
amalgams of precious metals
Radioactive chemical elements and radioactive isotopes (including the fissile or fertile chemical elements and isotopes)
and their compounds; mixtures and residues containing these products
Isotopes other than those of heading 2844; compounds, inorganic or organic, of such isotopes, whether or not chemically
defined

2846

Compounds, inorganic or organic, of rare-earth metals, of yttrium or of scandium, or of mixtures of these metals

2847

Hydrogen peroxide, whether or not solidified with urea

2848

Phosphides, whether or not chemically defined, does not include ferrophosphorus

2849

Carbides, whether or not chemically defined

2850

Hydrides, nitrides, azides, silicides and borides, whether or not chemically defined, other than compounds which are also
carbides of heading 2849

2852

Inorganic or organic compounds of mercury, whether or not chemically defined, excluding amalgams

2853

Other inorganic compounds (including distilled or conductivity water and water of similar purity); liquid air (whether or
not rare gases have been removed); compressed air; amalgams, other than amalgams of precious metals

2901

Acyclic hydrocarbons

2902

Cyclic hydrocarbons

2903

Halogenated derivatives of hydrocarbons

2904

Sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of hydrocarbons, whether or not halogenated

2905

Acyclic alcohols and their halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives (excluding methanol, mannitol, and
sorbitol)

2906

Cyclic alcohols and their halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives

2907

Phenols; phenol-alcohols

2908
2909
2910
2911
2912
2913
2914
2915

Halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of phenols or phenol-alcohols
Ethers, ether-alcohols, ether-phenols, ether-alcohol- phenols, alcohol peroxides, ether peroxides, ketone peroxides
(whether or not chemically defined), and their halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives
Epoxides, epoxyalcohols, epoxyphenols and epoxyethers, with a three-membered ring, and their halogenated, sulfonated,
nitrated or nitrosated derivatives
Acetals and hemiacetals, whether or not with other oxygen function, and their halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or
nitrosated derivatives
Aldehydes, whether or not with other oxygen function; cyclic polymers of aldehydes; paraformaldehyde
Halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of products of heading 2912
Ketones and quinones, whether or not with other oxygen function, and their halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated, or nitrosated
derivatives
Saturated acyclic monocarboxylic acids and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated,
sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives

6-12

 2916

Unsaturated acyclic monocarboxylic acids, cyclic monocarboxylic acids, their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and
peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives

2917

Polycarboxylic acids, their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or
nitrosated derivatives

2918

Carboxylic acids with additional oxygen function and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their
halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives

2919

Phosphoric esters and their salts, including lactophosphates; their halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated
derivatives

2920

Esters of other inorganic acids of nonmetals (excluding esters of hydrogen halides) and their salts; their halogenated,
sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives

2921

Amine-function compounds

2922

Oxygen-function amino-compounds

2923

Quaternary ammonium salts and hydroxides; lecithins and other phosphoaminolipids, whether or not chemically defined

2924

Carboxyamide-function compounds; amide-function compounds of carbonic acid

2925

Carboxyimide-function compounds (including saccharin and its salts) and imine-function compounds

2926

Nitrile-function compounds

2927

Diazo-, azo- or azoxy-compounds

2928

Organic derivatives of hydrazine or of hydroxylamine

2929

Compounds with other nitrogen function

2930

Organo-sulfur compounds

2931

Other organo-inorganic compounds

2932

Heterocyclic compounds with oxygen hetero-atom(s) only

2933

Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only

2934

Nucleic acids and their salts, whether or not chemically defined; other heterocyclic compounds

2935

Sulfonamides

2936

Provitamins and vitamins, natural or reproduced by synthesis (including natural concentrates), derivatives thereof used
primarily as vitamins, and intermixtures of the foregoing, whether or not in any solvent

2937

Hormones, prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes, natural or reproduced by synthesis; derivatives and structural
analogues thereof, including chain modified polypeptides, used primarily as hormones

2938

Glycosides, natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives

2939

Alkaloids, natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives

2940

Sugars, chemically pure, other than sucrose, lactose, maltose, glucose and fructose; sugar ethers, sugar acetals and sugar
esters, and their salts, other than products of heading 2937, 2938 or 2939

2941

Antibiotics

2942

Other organic compounds

2933

Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only

2934

Nucleic acids and their salts, whether or not chemically defined; other heterocyclic compounds

2935

Sulfonamides

2936

Provitamins and vitamins, natural or reproduced by synthesis (including natural concentrates), derivatives thereof used
primarily as vitamins, and intermixtures of the foregoing, whether or not in any solvent

2937

Hormones, prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes, natural or reproduced by synthesis; derivatives and structural
analogues thereof, including chain modified polypeptides, used primarily as hormones

2938

Glycosides, natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives

2939

Alkaloids, natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives

2940

Sugars, chemically pure, other than sucrose, lactose, maltose, glucose and fructose; sugar ethers, sugar acetals and sugar
esters, and their salts, other than products of heading 2937, 2938 or 2939

6-13

 2941

Antibiotics

2942

Other organic compounds

3303

Perfumes and toilet waters

3304

Beauty or make-up preparations and preparations for the care of the skin (other than medicaments), including sunscreen or
sun tan preparations; manicure or pedicure preparations

3305
3306
3307
4401
4402

Preparations for use on the hair
Preparations for oral or dental hygiene, including denture fixative pastes and powders; yarn used to clean between the
teeth (dental floss), in individual retail packages
Pre-shave, shaving or after-shave preparations, personal deodorants, bath preparations, depilatories and other perfumery,
cosmetic or toilet preparations, not elsewhere specified or included; prepared room deodorizers, whether or not perfumed
or having disinfectant properties
Fuel wood, in logs, in billets, in twigs, in faggots or in similar forms; wood in chips or particles; sawdust and wood waste
and scrap, whether or not agglomerated in logs, briquettes, pellets or similar forms
Wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal), whether or not agglomerated

4403

Wood in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sap- wood, or roughly squared

4404

Hoopwood; split poles; piles, pickets and stakes of wood, pointed but not sawn lengthwise; wooden sticks, roughly
trimmed but not turned, bent or otherwise worked, suitable for the manufacture of walking-sticks, umbrellas, tool handles
or the like; chipwood and the like

4405

Wood wool (excelsior); wood flour

4406
4407
4408
4409
4410

Railway or tramway sleepers (cross-ties) of wood
Wood sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed, of a thickness
exceeding 6 mm
Sheets for veneering (including those obtained by slicing laminated wood), for plywood or for similar laminated wood and
other wood, sawn lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded, spliced or end-jointed, of a thickness not
exceeding 6 mm
Wood (including strips and friezes for parquet flooring, not assembled) continuously shaped (tongued, grooved, rebated,
chamfered, V-jointed, beaded, molded, rounded or the like) along any of its edges, ends or faces, whether or not planed,
sanded or end-jointed
Particle board, oriented strand board (OSB) and similar board (for example, waferboard) of wood or other ligneous
materials, whether or not agglomerated with resins or other organic binding substances

4411

Fiberboard of wood or other ligneous materials, whether or not bonded with resins or other organic substances

4412

Plywood, veneered panels and similar laminated wood

4413

Densified wood, in blocks, plates, strips or profile shapes

4414

Wooden frames for paintings, photographs, mirrors or similar objects

4415

Packing cases, boxes, crates, drums and similar packings, of wood; cable-drums, of wood; pallets, box-pallets and other
load boards, of wood; pallet collars of wood

4416

Casks, barrels, vats, tubs and other coopers' products and parts thereof, of wood, including staves

4417

Tools, tool bodies, tool handles, broom or brush bodies and handles, of wood; boot or shoe lasts and trees, of wood

4418

Builders' joinery and carpentry of wood, including cellular wood panels and assembled flooring panels; shingles and
shakes

4419

Tableware and kitchenware, of wood

4420

Wood marquetry and inlaid wood; caskets and cases for jewelry or cutlery and similar articles, of wood; statuettes and
other ornaments, of wood; wooden articles of furniture not falling within chapter 94

4421

Other articles of wood

4501

Natural cork, raw or simply prepared; waste cork; crushed, granulated or ground cork

4503

Articles of natural cork

4504

Agglomerated cork (with or without a binding substance) and articles of agglomerated cork

6-14

 4601
4602
8542

Plaits and similar products of plaiting materials, whether or not assembled into strips; plaiting materials, plaits and similar
products of plaiting materials, bound together in parallel strands or woven, in sheet form, whether or not being finished
articles (for example, mats, matting, screens)
Basketwork, wickerwork and other articles, made directly to shape from plaiting materials or made up from articles of
heading 4601; articles of loofah
Electronic integrated circuits; parts thereof

2. Agriculture
9

Oilseeds
HS Code
1201

10

Product Description
Soybeans, whether or not broken

Meat
HS Code

11

Product Description

0201

Meat of bovine animals, fresh or chilled

0202

Meat of bovine animals, frozen

0203

Meat of swine, fresh, chilled, or frozen

0204

Meat of sheep or goats, fresh, chilled or frozen

0206

Edible offal of bovine animals, swine, sheep, goats, horses, asses, mules or hinnies, fresh, chilled or frozen

0207

Meat and edible offal, of the poultry of heading 0105, fresh, chilled or frozen

0208

Other meat and edible meat offal, fresh, chilled or frozen

0209

Pig fat, free of lean meat, and poultry fat, not rendered or otherwise extracted, fresh, chilled, frozen, salted, in brine, dried
or smoked

0210

Meat and edible meat offal, salted, in brine, dried or smoked; edible flours and meals of meat or meat offal

1601

Sausages and similar products, of meat, meat offal or blood; food preparations based on these products

1602

Other prepared or preserved meat, meat offal or blood

1603

Extracts and juices of meat (not related to fish or crustaceans, molluscs or other aquatic invertebrates)

Cereals
HS Code

Product Description

1001

Wheat and meslin

1003

Barley

1004

Oats

1005

Corn (maize)

1006

Rice

1007

Grain sorghum

1008

Buckwheat, millet and canary seeds; other cereals (including wild rice)

1101

Wheat or meslin flour

1102

Cereal flours other than of wheat or meslin

1103

Cereal groats, meal and pellets

1104

Cereal grains, otherwise worked (hulled, rolled etc.), except rice (heading 1006); germ of cereals, whole, rolled, flaked or
ground

6-15

 12

1105

Flour, meal flakes, granules and pellets of potatoes

1106

Flour and meal of dried leguminous vegetables (hd. 0713), of sago or roots etc. (hd. 0714); flour, meal and powder of fruit
and nuts etc. (ch. 8)

1107

Malt, whether or not roasted

1108

Starches; inulin

1109

Wheat gluten, whether or not dried

Cotton
HS Code

13

Product Description

5201

Cotton, not carded or combed

5202

Cotton waste (including yarn waste and garnetted stock)

5203

Cotton, carded or combed

Other agricultural commodities
HS Code

Product Description

0101

Horses, asses, mules and hinnies, live

0102

Bovine animals, live

0103

Swine, live

0104

Sheep and goats, live

0105

Poultry, live; chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys and guineas

0106

Animals, live, nesoi

0205

Meat of horses, asses, mules or hinnies, fresh, chilled or frozen

0401

Milk and cream, not concentrated nor containing added sweetening

0402

Milk and cream, concentrated or containing added sweetening

0403

Buttermilk, curdled milk and cream, yogurt, kephir etc., whether or not flavored etc. or containing added fruit or cocoa

0404

Whey and other products consisting of natural milk constituents, whether or not concentrated or sweetened, nesoi

0405

Butter and other fats and oils derived from milk

0406

Cheese and curd

0407

Birds' eggs, in shell, fresh, preserved or cooked

0408

Birds' eggs, not in shell and egg yolks, fresh, dried, cooked by steam etc., molded, frozen or otherwise preserved,
sweetened or not

0409

Honey, natural

0410

Edible products of animal origin, nesoi

0501

Human hair, unworked, whether or not washed or scoured; waste of human hair

0502

Pigs', hogs' or boars' bristles and hair; badger and other brushmaking hair; waste of such bristles or hair

0504

Animal guts, bladders and stomachs (other than fish), whole and pieces thereof, fresh, chilled, frozen, salted, in brine,
dried or smoked

6-16

 0505
0506
0507
0510

Bird skins and other feathered parts of birds, feathers and parts of feathers and down, not further worked than cleaned etc.
Bones and horn-cores, unworked, defatted, simply prepared (not cut to shape), treated with acid etc.; powder and waste of
these products
Ivory, tortoise-shell, whalebone and whalebone hair, horns, hooves, claws etc., unworked or simply prepared, not cut to
shape
Ambergris, castoreum, civet and musk; cantharides; bile; glands and other animal products for use in pharmaceutical
products, fresh, frozen, etc.

0601

Bulbs, tubers, tuberous roots, corms etc., dormant, in growth or in flower; chicory plants and roots for planting

0602

Live plants nesoi (including their roots), cuttings and slips; mushroom spawn

0603
0604

Cut flowers and buds suitable for bouquets or ornamental purposes, fresh, dried, dyed, bleached, impregnated or otherwise
prepared
Foliage, branches, grasses, mosses etc. (no flowers or buds), for bouquets or ornamental purposes, fresh, dried, dyed,
bleached etc.

0701

Potatoes (other than sweet potatoes), fresh or chilled

0702

Tomatoes, fresh or chilled

0703

Onions, shallots, garlic, leeks and other alliaceous vegetables, fresh or chilled

0704

Cabbages, cauliflower, kohlrabi, kale and similar edible brassicas, fresh or chilled

0705

Lettuce (lactuca sativa) and chicory (cichorium spp.), fresh or chilled

0706

Carrots, turnips, salad beets, salsify, radishes and similar edible roots, fresh or chilled

0707

Cucumbers and gherkins, fresh or chilled

0708

Leguminous vegetables, shelled or unshelled, fresh or chilled

0709

Vegetables nesoi, fresh or chilled

0710

Vegetables (uncooked or cooked by steam or boiling water), frozen

0711

Vegetables provisionally preserved (by sulfur dioxide gas, in brine etc.), but unsuitable in that state for immediate
consumption

0712

Vegetables, dried, whole, cut, sliced, broken or in powder, but not further prepared

0713

Leguminous vegetables, dried shelled

0714

Cassava (manioc), arrowroot, salep, jerusalem artichokes, sweet potatoes and similar roots etc. (high starch etc. content),
fresh or dried; sago pith

0801

Coconuts, brazil nuts and cashew nuts, fresh or dried

0802

Nuts nesoi, fresh or dried

0803

Bananas, including plantains, fresh or dried

0804

Dates, figs, pineapples, avocados, guavas, mangoes and mangosteens, fresh or dried

0805

Citrus fruit, fresh or dried

0806

Grapes, fresh or dried

0807

Melons (including watermelons) and papayas (papaws), fresh

0808

Apples, pears and quinces, fresh

0809

Apricots, cherries, peaches (including nectarines), plums (including prune plums) and sloes, fresh

6-17

 0810

Fruit nesoi, fresh

0811

Fruit and nuts (uncooked or cooked by steam or boiling water), whether not sweetened, frozen

0812

Fruit and nuts provisionally preserved (by sulfur dioxide gas, in brine etc.), but unsuitable in that state for immediate
consumption

0813

Fruit, dried, nesoi (other than those of headings 0801 to 0806); mixtures of nuts or dried fruits of this chapter

0814

Peel of citrus fruit or melons (including watermelons), fresh, frozen, dried or provisionally preserved

0901

Coffee, whether or not roasted or decaffeinated; coffee husks and skins; coffee substitutes containing coffee

0902

Tea, whether or not flavored

0903

Mate

0904

Pepper of the genus piper; fruits of the genus capsicum (peppers) or of the genus pimenta, dried, crushed or ground

0905

Vanilla

0906

Cinnamon and cinnamon-tree flowers

0907

Cloves (whole fruit, cloves and stems)

0908

Nutmeg, mace and cardamons

0909

Seeds of anise, badian, fennel, coriander, cumin or caraway; juniper berries

0910

Ginger, saffron, tumeric (curcuma), thyme, bay leaves, curry and other spices

1002

Rye

1202

Peanuts (ground-nuts), not roasted or otherwise cooked, whether or not shelled or broken

1203

Copra

1204

Flaxseed (linseed), whether or not broken

1205

Rape or colza seeds, whether or not broken

1206

Sunflower seeds, whether or not broken

1207

Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits nesoi, whether or not broken

1208

Flours and meals of oil seeds or oleaginous fruits, other than those of mustard

1209

Seeds, fruit and spores, of a kind used for sowing

1210

Hop cones, fresh or dried, whether or not ground, powdered or in the form of pellets; lupulin

1211
1212

Plants and parts of plants (including seeds and fruits), used in perfumery, pharmacy, or for insecticidal or similar purposes,
fresh or dried
Locust beans, seaweeds etc., sugar beet and sugar cane; fruit stones and kernels and other vegetable products used for
human consumption, nesoi

1213

Cereal straw and husks, unprepared, whether or not chopped, ground, pressed or in the form of pellets

1214

Rutabagas (swedes), mangolds, hay, alfalfa (lucerne), clover, forage kale, lupines and similar forage products, whether or
not in the form of pellets

1301

Lac; natural gums, resins, gum-resins and balsams

1302

Vegetable saps and extracts; pectic substances, pectinates and pectates; agar-agar and other mucilages and thickeners,
derived from vegetable products

6-18

 1401

Vegetable materials used primarily for plaiting, including bamboos, rattans, reeds, rushes, osier, raffia, processed cereal
straw and lime bark

1404

Vegetable products, nesoi

1501

Pig fat (including lard) and poultry fat, other than of heading 0209 or 1503

1502

Fats of bovine animals, sheep or goats, other than those of heading 1503

1503

Lard stearin, lard oil, oleostearin, oleo-oil and tallow oil, not emulsified or mixed or otherwise prepared

1505

Wool grease and fatty substances derived therefrom, including lanolin

1506

Animal fats and oils and their fractions, nesoi, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified

1507

Soybean oil and its fractions, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified

1508

Peanut (ground-nut) oil and its fractions, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified

1509

Olive oil and its fractions, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified

1510

Olive-residue oil and blends of olive oil and oil-residue oil, not chemically modified

1511

Palm oil and its fractions, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified

1512

Sunflower-seed, safflower or cottonseed oil, and their fractions, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified

1513

Coconut (copra), palm kernel or babassu oil and their fractions, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified

1514

Rapeseed, colza or mustard oil and their fractions, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified

1515

Fixed vegetable fats and oils (including jojoba oil) and their fractions, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified

1516
1517
1518

Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their fractions, partly or wholly hydrogenated etc., whether or not refined, but not
further prepared
Margarine; edible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils or of fractions of different specified fats and
oils
Animal or vegetable fats, oils and their fractions, boiled, oxidized, etc.; inedible mixes or preparations of animal or
vegetable fats and oils, nesoi

1520

Glycerol (glycerine), whether or not pure; glycerol waters and glycerol lyes

1521

Vegetable waxes (other than triglycerides), beeswax, other insect waxes and spermaceti, whether or not refined or colored

1522

Degras; residues resulting from the treatment of fatty substances or animal or vegetable waxes

1701

Cane or beet sugar and chemically pure sucrose, in solid form

1702

Sugars nesoi, including chemically pure lactose, maltose, glucose and fructose in solid form; sugar syrups (plain); artificial
honey; caramel

1703

Molasses resulting from the extraction or refining of sugar

1704

Sugar confectionary (including white chocolate), not containing cocoa

1801

Cocoa beans, whole or broken, raw or roasted

1802

Cocoa shells, husks, skins and other cocoa waste

1803

Cocoa paste, whether or not defatted

1804

Cocoa butter, fat and oil

6-19

 1805

Cocoa powder, not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter

1806

Chocolate and other food preparations containing cocoa

1901
1902
1903
1904
1905

Malt extract; food preparations of flour, meal etc. containing under 40% cocoa nesoi; food preparations of milk etc.
containing under 50% cocoa nesoi
Pasta, whether or not cooked or stuffed or otherwise prepared, including spaghetti, lasagna, noodles etc.; couscous,
whether or not prepared
Tapioca and substitutes therefor prepared from starch, in the form of flakes, grains, pearls, siftings or similar forms
Prepared foods from swelling or roasting cereals or products; cereals (excluding corn), in grain form flakes or worked
grain prepared nesoi
Bread, pastry, cakes, biscuits and other bakers' wares; communion wafers, empty capsules for medicine etc., sealing
wafers, rice paper etc.

2001

Vegetables, fruit, nuts and other edible parts of plants, prepared or preserved by vinegar or acetic acid

2002

Tomatoes prepared or preserved otherwise than by vinegar or acetic acid

2003

Mushrooms and truffles, prepared or preserved otherwise than by vinegar or acetic acid

2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2101
2102

Vegetables, other than tomatoes, mushrooms and truffles, prepared or preserved otherwise than by vinegar or acetic acid,
frozen, excluding products of 2006
Vegetables, other than tomatoes, mushrooms and truffles, prepared or preserved otherwise than by vinegar or acetic acid,
not frozen excluding products of 2006
Vegetables, fruit, nuts, fruit-peel and other parts of plants preserved by sugar (drained, glace or crystallized)
Jams, fruit jellies, marmalades, fruit or nut puree and fruit or nut pastes, being cooked preparations, whether or not
containing added sweetening
Fruit, nuts and other edible parts of plants, otherwise prepared or preserved, whether or not containing added sweetening
or spirit, nesoi
Fruit juices not fortified with vitamins or minerals (including grape must) & vegetable juices, unfermented & not
containing added spirit, whether or not containing added sweetening
Extracts, essences and concentrates of coffee, tea or mate and preparations thereof; roasted chicory etc. and its extracts,
essences and concentrates
Yeasts; other single-cell micro-organisms, dead (other than medicinal vaccines of heading 3002); prepared baking
powders

2103

Sauces and preparations therefor; mixed condiments and mixed seasonings; mustard flour and meal and prepared mustard

2104

Soups and broths and preparations therefor; homogenized composite food preparations

2105

Ice cream and other edible ice, whether or not containing cocoa

2106

Food preparations not elsewhere specified or included

2203

Beer made from malt

2204

Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wines; grape must other than that of heading 2009

2205

Vermouth and other wine of fresh grapes flavored with plants or aromatic substances

2206

Other fermented beverages (for example, cider, perry, mead, sakè); mixtures of fermented beverages and mixtures of
fermented beverages and non-alcoholic beverages, not elsewhere specified or included

2207

Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength by volume of 80 percent vol. or higher; ethyl alcohol and other spirits,
denatured, of any strength

2208

Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength by volume of less than 80 percent vol.; spirits, liqueurs and other
spirituous beverages

2209

Vinegar and substitutes for vinegar obtained from acetic acid

2301

Flours, meals and pellets, of meat or meat offal, of fish or of crustaceans, mollusks or other aquatic invertebrates, unfit for
human consumption; greaves (cracklings)

6-20

 2302
2303
2304
2305
2306

Bran, sharps and other residues (in pellets or not), derived from the sifting, milling or other working of cereals or
leguminous plants
Residues of starch manufacture and other residues and waste of sugar manufacture, brewing or distilling dregs and waste,
whether or not in pellets
Soybean oilcake and other solid residues resulting from the extraction of soy bean oil, whether or not ground or in the
form of pellets
Peanut (ground-nut) oilcake and other solid residues resulting from the extraction of peanut (ground-nut) oil, whether or
not ground or in pellets
Oilcake and other solid residues (in pellets or not), resulting from the extraction of vegetable fats or oils (except from
soybeans or peanuts), nesoi

2307

Wine lees; argol

2308

Vegetable materials and waste, vegetable residues and by-products (in pellets or not), used in animal feeding, nesoi

2309

Preparations of a kind used in animal feeding

2401

Tobacco, unmanufactured (whether or not threshed or similarly processed); tobacco refuse

2402

Cigars, cheroots, cigarillos and cigarettes, of tobacco or of tobacco substitutes

2403

Tobacco and tobacco substitute manufactures, nesoi; homogenized or reconstituted tobacco; tobacco extracts and essences

290543/
290544
3301
3302
3501
3502
3503

Acyclic alcohols and their halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives
Essential oils, concentrates and absolutes; resinoid; extracted oleoresins; concentrations of essential oils and terpenic
byproducts; aqueous solutions etc. of essential oil
Mixtures of odoriferous substances and mixtures (including alcoholic solutions) with a basis of one or more of these
substances, of a kind used as raw materials in industry; other preparations based on odoriferous substances, of a kind used
for the manufacture of beverages
Casein, caseinates and other casein derivatives; casein glues
Albumins (including concentrates with two or more whey proteins, containing by weight more than 80% whey proteins
calculated on dry matter), albuminates & other albumin derivatives
Gelatin (including gelatin in rectangular or square sheets) and gelatin derivatives; isinglass; other glue of animal origin
(except casein glue) nesoi

3504

Peptones and derivatives; other proteins and derivatives, nesoi; hide powder, chromed or not

3505

Dextrins and other modified starches; glues based on starches, or on dextrins or other modified starches

380910
4101
4102

Finishing agents, dye carriers and other preparations (dressings, mordants etc.) used in the textile, paper, leather or like
industries, nesoi
Raw hides and skins of bovine or equine animals (fresh or preserved, but not tanned or further prepared), whether or not
dehaired or split
Raw skins of sheep or lambs, other than astrakhan, broadtail, caracul or similar skins (fresh or preserved, but not tanned or
further prepared)

4103

Raw hides and skins nesoi (fresh or preserved, but not tanned or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split

4301

Raw furskins nesoi (other than raw hides and skins usually used for leather), including heads, tails and pieces or cuttings
suitable for furriers' use

5001

Silkworm cocoons suitable for reeling

5002

Raw silk (not thrown)

5003

Silk waste (including cocoons unsuitable for reeling, yarn waste and garnetted stock)

5101

Wool, not carded or combed

5102

Fine or coarse animal hair, not carded or combed

5103

Waste of wool or of fine or coarse animal hair, including yarn waste but excluding garnetted stock

5301

Flax, raw or processed but not spun; flax tow and waste (including yarn waste and garnetted stock)

6-21

 5302
14

True hemp (cannabis sativa l.), raw or processed but not spun; tow and waste of true hemp (including yarn waste and
garnetted stock)

Seafood
HS Code

Product Description

0301

Live fish

0302

Fish, fresh or chilled, excluding fish fillets and other fish meat of heading 0304

0303

Fish, frozen, excluding fish fillets and other fish meat of heading 0304

0304
0305
0306

0307
0308

Fish fillets and other fish meat (whether or not minced), fresh, chilled or frozen
Fish, dried, salted or in brine; smoked fish, whether or not cooked before or during the smoking process; flours, meals and
pellets of fish, fit for human consumption
Crustaceans, whether in shell or not, live, fresh, chilled, frozen, dried, salted or in brine; smoked crustaceans, whether in
shell or not, whether or not cooked before or during the smoking process; crustaceans, in shell, cooked by steaming or by
boiling in water, whether or not chilled, frozen, dried, salted or in brine; flours, meals and pellets of crustaceans, fit for
human consumption
Molluscs, whether in shell or not, live, fresh, chilled, frozen, dried, salted or in brine; smoked molluscs, whether in shell or
not, whether or not cooked before or during the smoking process; flours, meals and pellets of molluscs, fit for human
consumption
Aquatic invertebrates other than crustaceans and molluscs, live, fresh, chilled, frozen, dried, salted or in brine;smoked
aquatic invertebrates other than crustaceans and molluscs, whether or not cooked before or during the smoking process;
flours, meals and pellets of aquatic invertebrates other than crustaceans and molluscs, fit for human consumption

1604

Prepared or preserved fish; caviar and caviar substitutes prepared from fish eggs

1605

Crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates, prepared or preserved

3. Energy
15

Liquefied natural gas
HS Code
271111

16

Product Description
Liquefied natural gas

Crude oil
HS Code
2709

17

Product Description
Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude

Refined products
HS Code
271112
271113
27111990

Liquefied propane
Liquefied butane
Other unlisted liquefied petroleum gases and gaseous hydrocarbons

271311

Uncalcined petroleum coke

271312

Calcined petroleum coke

271012250
290511
18

Product Description

Naphtha (Excluding Motor Fuel), blend Stock not containing biodiesel
Methanol

Coal
HS Code
2701

Product Description
Coal; briquettes, ovoids and similar solid fuels manufactured from coal

6-22

 4. Services
19

Charges for use of IP
BMP6 Category a

Charges for use of IP

20

Travel (for all purposes including
education)

Financial services
Insurance services

Industrial processes

30

Computer software

31

Trademarks

32

Franchise fees

33

Audio-visual and related products

37

Other

BEA Line
Number

BEA Category

13

Education-related travel

14

Other business travel and other personal travel

BEA Line
Number

BEA Category

21

Financial services

16

Direct insurance and auxiliary insurance services

17

Reinsurance

Other services
BMP6 Category

BEA Line
Number

BEA Category

Maintenance and repair

2

Maintenance and repair

Transport

3

Transport

47

Research and development

48

Professional and management consulting

53

Technical, trade-related, and other business services

Other business services

23

29

Financial services and insurance
BMP6 Category

22

BEA Category

Business travel and tourism
BMP6 Category

21

BEA Line
Number b

Cloud and related services
BMP6 Category
Information services
Telecommunication, computer,
and information services

BEA Line
Number

BEA Category

66

Data hosting, processing, and related services

43

Telecommunications services

44

Computer services

45

Information services

“BMP6 Category” refers to the services listed in the IMF’s Balance of Payments Manual 6, Table 10.1 (“Overview of the Goods
and Services Account”).
b
“BEA Line Number” refers to the line number in U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Table 2.3 (“U.S. Trade in Services, by
Country of Affiliation and by Type of Service”), with one exception: line number 66, which corresponds to the BEA Category
for “Data hosting, processing, and related services,” is found in U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Table 4.1 (“U.S. Services
Supplied to Foreign Persons by U.S. Multinational Enterprises through their Majority-Owned Foreign Affiliates, by Industry of
Affiliate and by Country of Affiliate”).
a

6-23

 CHAPTER 7
BILATERAL EVALUATION AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION
Article 7.1: Bilateral Evaluation and Dispute Resolution Arrangement
1.
To ensure prompt and effective implementation of this Agreement, the Parties establish
the following Bilateral Evaluation and Dispute Resolution Arrangement (the “Arrangement”).
2.
The purpose and mandate of the Arrangement are to effectively implement this
Agreement, to resolve issues in the economic and trade relationship of the Parties in a fair,
expeditious, and respectful manner, and to avoid the escalation of economic and trade disputes
and their impact on other areas of the Parties’ relationship. The Parties recognize the importance
of strengthened bilateral communications in this effort.
Article 7.2: Arrangement Structure
1.
High-level Engagement. The Parties shall create the Trade Framework Group to discuss
the implementation of this Agreement, which shall be led by the United States Trade
Representative and a designated Vice Premier of the People’s Republic of China. The Trade
Framework Group shall discuss (a) the overall situation regarding implementation of this
Agreement, (b) major problems with respect to implementation, and (c) arrangements for future
work between the Parties. The Parties shall resume macroeconomic meetings to discuss overall
economic issues, which shall be led by the United States Secretary of the Treasury and the
designated Vice Premier of the People’s Republic of China. Both Parties shall make every effort
to ensure that meetings of the Trade Framework Group and the macroeconomic meetings are
efficient and oriented toward solving problems.
2.
Daily Work. The Arrangement shall include a Bilateral Evaluation and Dispute
Resolution Office for each Party.
(a)

For the United States, the Bilateral Evaluation and Dispute Resolution Office
shall be headed by a designated Deputy United States Trade Representative. For
China, the Bilateral Evaluation and Dispute Resolution Office shall be headed by
a designated Vice Minister under the designated Vice Premier.

(b)

Each Party shall designate an official (the “designated official”) to assist in the
work of the Arrangement. By the date of entry into force of this Agreement, each
Party shall provide the contact information of its respective designated official.
Each Party shall update such information as necessary.

(c)

The Bilateral Evaluation and Dispute Resolution Offices shall (a) assess specific
issues relating to implementation of this Agreement, (b) receive complaints
regarding implementation submitted by either Party, and (c) attempt to resolve
disputes through consultations. In carrying out its work, each Bilateral Evaluation
7-1

 and Dispute Resolution Office may consult with government agencies with
relevant expertise.
Article 7.3: Requests for Information
A Party may request at any meeting, or prior to a meeting, information from the other Party
regarding a matter relating to the implementation of this Agreement. The other Party shall
provide a written response containing the requested information. In the event that a Party is not
able to provide the requested information, the response shall contain a specific explanation of
why the information cannot be provided within the time limit and the specific date when the
information will be provided. Nothing in this provision shall obligate a Party to provide
confidential information to the other Party.
Article 7.4: Dispute Resolution
1.
Appeal. Where one Party (the “Complaining Party”) believes that the other Party (the
“Party Complained Against”) is not acting in accordance with this Agreement, the Complaining
Party may submit an appeal (“Appeal”) to the Bilateral Evaluation and Dispute Resolution
Office of the Party Complained Against. An Appeal shall be in writing and shall contain
sufficient information to allow the Party Complained Against to make a proper assessment of the
matter. The Appeal may, but need not, include information that could identify any company at
issue or business confidential information. The Appeal and any information and matters related
to it are confidential and shall not be shared beyond the Bilateral Evaluation and Dispute
Resolution Office, absent the agreement of the Parties.
2.

Scope of Appeal.
(a)

The dispute resolution process covers all matters that occur after the date of entry
into force of this Agreement.

(b)

Any measure, including an action, of a Party taken prior to the date of entry into
force of this Agreement, which is maintained or continues to have effect after that
date, is also subject to the dispute resolution process. For an Appeal of such a
measure, the Complaining Party shall provide to the Party Complained Against an
explanation of the continuing effect of the measure.

3.
Assessment. The Party Complained Against shall carry out and complete an assessment
of the Appeal. The Party Complained Against shall consider the facts, nature, and seriousness of
the issues presented by the Appeal. After the assessment is completed, the designated officials
shall begin consultations.
4.
Dispute Procedures. Both Parties will attempt to resolve the Appeal in the most
efficient manner using the following procedures:
(a)

If the Appeal cannot be resolved by the designated officials, the concerns may be
raised to the designated Deputy United States Trade Representative and the
7-2

 designated Vice Minister. If the Appeal is not resolved at the deputy or viceministerial level, the Complaining Party may present the issue to the United States
Trade Representative and the designated Vice Premier of the People’s Republic of
China.
(b)

If the concerns of the Complaining Party are not resolved at a meeting between
the United States Trade Representative and the designated Vice Premier of the
People’s Republic of China, the Parties shall engage in expedited consultations on
the response to the damages or losses incurred by the Complaining Party. If the
Parties reach consensus on a response, the response shall be implemented. If the
Parties do not reach consensus on a response, the Complaining Party may resort to
taking action based on facts provided during the consultations, including by
suspending an obligation under this Agreement or by adopting a remedial
measure in a proportionate way that it considers appropriate with the purpose of
preventing the escalation of the situation and maintaining the normal bilateral
trade relationship. The Party Complained Against can initiate an urgent meeting
between the United States Trade Representative and the designated Vice Premier
of the People’s Republic of China before the effective date of the action to be
taken by the Complaining Party. If the Party Complained Against considers that
the action by the Complaining Party pursuant to this subparagraph was taken in
good faith, the Party Complained Against may not adopt a counter-response, or
otherwise challenge such action. If the Party Complained Against considers that
the action of the Complaining Party was taken in bad faith, the remedy is to
withdraw from this Agreement by providing written notice of withdrawal to the
Complaining Party.

5.
Notwithstanding the provisions of subparagraph 4(a), if either the United States Trade
Representative or the designated Vice Premier of the People’s Republic of China considers that
an implementation issue is a matter of urgency, either one may raise the matter directly at a
meeting between them without prior discussions at lower level meetings. If such a meeting
cannot be timely scheduled for this purpose, the Complaining Party may resort to taking action
as provided in subparagraph 4(b).
Article 7.5: Implementation Period
The Arrangement shall be in effect at the same time as this Agreement and shall remain in place
as long as this Agreement is in effect. The Parties may assess the Arrangement and discuss any
necessary adjustments to it at Trade Framework Group meetings.
Article 7.6: Miscellaneous
1.
The Parties affirm their existing rights and obligations with respect to each other under the
WTO Agreement and other agreements to which the Parties are party.

7-3

 2.
In the event that a natural disaster or other unforeseeable event outside the control of the
Parties delays a Party from timely complying with its obligations under this Agreement, the
Parties shall consult with each other.

7-4

 Annex 7-A
WORKING PROCEDURES OF THE
BILATERAL EVALUATION AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION ARRANGEMENT
Schedule of Meetings
1.

Meetings of the Trade Framework Group shall be held every six months.

2.

The macroeconomic meetings shall be held regularly.

3.
The heads of each Party’s Bilateral Evaluation and Dispute Resolution Office shall meet
on a quarterly basis.
4.

The designated officials of each Party shall meet at least once a month.

5.
During the first two years after this Agreement enters into force, the frequency of
meetings may be increased as appropriate. Meetings may be held in person or through any
means available to the Parties.
Responses to Requests for Information
Pursuant to Article 7.3, a Party shall respond within 15 working days to any requests for
information from the other Party.
Dispute Resolution Timeline
1.
Pursuant to Article 7.4.3, the Party Complained Against shall have 10 working days from
the date of the receipt of the Appeal to carry out and complete an assessment of the Appeal.
2.

Pursuant to Article 7.4.4(a):
a.

The designated officials shall have 21 calendar days from the date of the receipt
of the Appeal to reach a resolution.

b.

If the Appeal is not resolved by the designated officials, the designated Deputy
United States Trade Representative and the designated Vice Minister shall have
45 calendar days from the date of the receipt of the Appeal to reach a resolution.

c.

If the Appeal is not resolved at the deputy or vice-ministerial level and the
Complaining Party presents the issue to the United States Trade Representative
and the designated Vice Premier of the People’s Republic of China, these officials
shall hold a meeting within 30 calendar days from the date the Complaining Party
requests such a meeting.

7-5

 3.
Pursuant to Article 7.4.5, if either the United States Trade Representative or the
designated Vice Premier of the People’s Republic of China requests to meet on a matter of
urgency, a meeting shall be scheduled within 30 calendar days from the date of receipt of that
request.
4.

The Parties may agree, in writing, to extend the time periods set forth in this Annex.

5.
The calculation of working days in this Annex is based on the official calendar of the
government of the Party Complained Against.

7-6

 CHAPTER 8
FINAL PROVISIONS
Article 8.1: Annexes, Appendices, and Footnotes
The annexes, appendices, and footnotes to this Agreement constitute an integral part of
this Agreement.
Article 8.2: Amendments
1.

The Parties may agree, in writing, to amend this Agreement.

2.
An amendment shall enter into force 60 days after the date on which the Parties exchange
written notifications of the approval of the amendment in accordance with their respective
applicable domestic procedures, or such other date as the Parties may decide.
Article 8.3: Entry into Force and Termination
1.
This Agreement shall enter into force within 30 days of signature by both Parties or as of
the date on which the Parties have notified each other in writing of the completion of their
respective applicable domestic procedures, whichever is sooner.
2.
Either Party may terminate this Agreement by providing written notice of termination to
the other Party. The termination shall take effect 60 days after the date on which a Party has
provided that written notice to the other Party, or on such other date as the Parties may decide.
Article 8.4: Further Negotiations
The Parties will agree upon the timing of further negotiations.
Article 8.5: Notice and Comment on Implementing Measures
Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, each Party shall provide no less than 45
days for public comment on all proposed measures implementing this Agreement. Each Party

8-1

 shall consider concerns raised by the other Party in any final measure or amendment intended to
implement this Agreement.
Article 8.6: Authentic Texts
The English and Chinese versions of this Agreement are equally authentic.

8-2

 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized by their respective
Governments, have signed this Agreement.
DONE in duplicate at
Washington, District of Columbia, on January 15, 2020.

FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:

FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA:

 January 15, 2020
Ambassador Gregg Doud
Chief Agricultural Negotiator
Office of the U.S. Trade Representative
600 17th Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20250
Dear Ambassador Doud,
I have the honor to confirm the following agreement reached between representatives of the
Government of the People’s Republic of China (“China”) and representatives of the Government
of the United States of America (“United States”):
China shall not require certification for low risk food products from the United States,
including all U.S. products considered by the United States to be highly processed, shelfstable food products.
Additionally, China shall participate in the electronic working group established by the
Codex Alimentarius Commission Committee on Food Import and Export Inspection and
Certification Systems on food fraud and food integrity.
I have the honor to propose that this letter and your letter in reply confirming that your
Government shares this agreement shall constitute an agreement between our two governments,
which shall be subject to the provisions of the Bilateral Evaluation and Dispute Resolution
Chapter of the Economic and Trade Agreement Between the Government of the People’s
Republic of China and the Government of the United States of America, dated January 15, 2020,
and shall enter into force on the date of entry into force of that agreement.
Sincerely,

Vice Minister Han Jun

 January 15, 2020
Vice Minister Han Jun
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
11 Nongzhanguan Nanli
Beijing 100125
People’s Republic of China
Dear Vice Minister Han,
I am pleased to acknowledge your letter of January 15, 2020, which reads as follows:
I have the honor to confirm the following agreement reached between representatives
of the Government of the People’s Republic of China (“China”) and representatives
of the Government of the United States of America (“United States”):
China shall not require certification for low risk food products from the United
States, including all U.S. products considered by the United States to be highly
processed, shelf-stable food products.
Additionally, China shall participate in the electronic working group established
by the Codex Alimentarius Commission Committee on Food Import and Export
Inspection and Certification Systems on food fraud and food integrity.
I have the honor to propose that this letter and your letter in reply confirming that
your Government shares this agreement shall constitute an agreement between our
two governments which shall be subject to the provisions of the Bilateral Evaluation
and Dispute Resolution Chapter of the Economic and Trade Agreement Between the
Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of the United
States of America, dated January 15, 2020, and shall enter into force on the date of
entry into force of that agreement.
I have the further honor to confirm that my Government shares this agreement and that your
letter and this letter in reply shall constitute an agreement between our governments, which shall
be subject to the provisions of the Bilateral Evaluation and Dispute Resolution Chapter of the
Economic and Trade Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and
the Government of the People’s Republic of China, dated January 15, 2020, and shall enter into
force on the date of entry into force of that agreement.
Sincerely,
Ambassador Gregg Doud
Chief Agricultural Negotiator

 January 15, 2020
Ambassador Gregg Doud
Chief Agricultural Negotiator
Office of the U.S. Trade Representative
600 17th Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20250
Dear Ambassador Doud,
I have the honor to confirm the following agreement reached between representatives of the
Government of the People’s Republic of China (“China”) and representatives of the Government
of the United States of America (“United States”):
Based on its previously-concluded assessment of the U.S. aquatic-product regulatory
system, China shall, upon entry into force of the Economic and Trade Agreement
Between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of the
United States of America, dated January 15, 2020 (the “Trade Agreement”), approve the
importation into China from the United States of the aquatic species listed in Attachment
1 of this letter.
China shall, within 5 working days of the date of entry into force of the Trade
Agreement, include the 23 U.S. feed additives, premixes, and compound feed products
listed in Attachment 2 of this letter on China’s list of Traditionally Traded Products and
allow imports into China from the United States of those feed additives, premixes, and
compound feed products.
I have the honor to propose that this letter and your letter in reply confirming that your
Government shares this agreement shall constitute an agreement between our two governments,
which shall be subject to the provisions of the Bilateral Evaluation and Dispute Resolution
Chapter of the Trade Agreement, dated January 15, 2020, and shall enter into force on the date of
entry into force of that agreement.
Sincerely,

Vice Minister Han Jun

 January 15, 2020
Vice Minister Han Jun
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
11 Nongzhanguan Nanli
Beijing 100125
People’s Republic of China
Dear Vice Minister Han,
I am pleased to acknowledge your letter of January 15, 2020, which reads as follows:
I have the honor to confirm the following agreement reached between representatives of
the Government of the People’s Republic of China (“China”) and representatives of the
Government of the United States of America (“United States”):
Based on its previously-concluded assessment of the U.S. aquatic-product
regulatory system, China shall, upon entry into force of the Economic and Trade
Agreement Between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the
Government of the United States of America, dated January 15, 2020 (the “Trade
Agreement”), approve the importation into China from the United States of the
aquatic species listed in Attachment 1 of this letter.
China shall, within 5 working days of the date of entry into force of the Trade
Agreement, include the 23 U.S. feed additives, premixes, and compound feed
products listed in Attachment 2 of this letter on China’s list of Traditionally
Traded Products and allow imports into China from the United States of those
feed additives, premixes, and compound feed products.
I have the honor to propose that this letter and your letter in reply confirming that your
Government shares this agreement shall constitute an agreement between our two
governments, which shall be subject to the provisions of the Bilateral Evaluation and
Dispute Resolution Chapter of the Trade Agreement, dated January 15, 2020, and shall
enter into force on the date of entry into force of that agreement.
I have the further honor to confirm that my Government shares this agreement and that your
letter and this letter in reply shall constitute an agreement between our governments, which shall
be subject to the provisions of the Bilateral Evaluation and Dispute Resolution Chapter of the
Economic and Trade Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and
the Government of the People’s Republic of China, dated January 15, 2020, and shall enter into
force on the date of entry into force of that agreement.
Sincerely,
Ambassador Gregg Doud
Chief Agricultural Negotiator

 Attachment 1: U.S. Aquatic Species List
Aquatic Species
Antarctic Krill
Chinook/King Salmon
Chum Salmon
Coho Salmon
Pink Salmon
Sockeye Salmon
Freshwater Drum
Bowfin Roe
White Shrimp
Western White Shrimp
Southern White Shrimp
Alaska Skate, Skate wings
Conch Meats
Conch Meats
Conch Meats
Harlequin Rockfish
Yellow Tail Rockfish
Widow Rockfish
Shortraker Rockfish
Rougheye Rockfish
Black Rockfish
Redbanded Rockfish
Redstripe Rockfish
American Shad
Pollock (oil)
Pollock (oil)
Pacific whiting (oil)

Scientific Name
Euphausia superba
Oncorhynchustshawytscha
Oncorhynchus keta
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Oncorhynchusgorbuscha
Oncorhynchus nerka
Aplodinotus grunniens
Amia calva
Litopenaeus setiferus
Litopenaeus occidentalis
Litopenaeus schmitti
Bathyraja pramifera
Busycon canaliculatum
Busycoptus canaliculatus
Busycon carica
Sebastes variegatus
Sebastes flavidus
Sebastes entomelas
Sebastes borealis
Sebastes aleutianus
Sebastes melanops
Sebastes babcocki
Sebastes proriger
Alosa sapidissima
Gadus chalcogrammus
Theragra chalcogramma
Merluccius productus

Product Name
Antarctic Krill Oil
Fish Oil
Fish Oil
Fish Oil
Fish Oil
Fish Oil
Frozen Freshwater Drum Fish
Frozen Bowfin Roe
Frozen Shrimp
Frozen Shrimp
Frozen Shrimp
Alaska Skate, Skate wings
Conch Meats
Conch Meats
Conch Meats
Frozen fillet
Frozen fillet
Frozen fillet
Frozen fillet
Frozen fillet
Frozen fillet
Frozen fillet
Frozen fillet
Frozen/chilled
Fish Oil
Fish Oil
Fish Oil

 Attachment 2: Traditionally Traded Products
序号
No.
1

2

批准号
Register
Number

生产加工企业名称
Establishment Name
美国 ACG 产品有限公司
ACG Products Ltd., USA

产品名称
Product
Name
饲料宝
Feed Bond

产品用途
Usage of Product
饲料抗结块剂
Anti-caking Agent
所有动物
All animal
饲料添加剂尿素
Feed Additive Urea
母猪微量元素预混
合饲料
Trace Mineral
Premix for Sow
饲料添加剂
Feed Additive

水合硅铝酸钠钙
Hydrated Sodium
Calcium
Aluminosilicate
尿素
Urea
矿物质饲料添加剂
Natural Minerals

饲料添加剂尿素
Feed Additive Urea
(Dairy cows)
Enzyme Feed grade
养殖动物
(All species or
categories of
animals)
饲料添加剂
Feed Additive
家禽和猪
(Poultry and Swine)
混合型饲料添加剂
Mixed Feed Additive

尿素
Urea

美国奥特奇公司
Alltech Inc., USA
美国奥特奇公司
Alltech Inc., USA

奥迈乐
Optimase
优知乐
Sow
Advantage

美国生物系统有限公司
American Biosystems, Inc.,
USA
美国白尔康公司
Balchem Corporation, USA

超益
Super Dairy,
Combo
妞舒
NitroShure

6

美国 Biozyme 公司
BioZyme Incorporated

艾美福
AMAFERM

7

美国 Desert King 国际有限
公司
Desert King International
Inc., USA
美国福蓝迪他生物集团有
限公司
Frondita Biogroup, Inc.,
USA

惠康宝-30
DK
sarsaponin-30

美国国际原料公司
International Ingredient
Corporation
美国国际原料公司
International Ingredient
Corporation

金乳
Gold Star
Milk
五星宝
Five Star
Booster

蛋白饲料
Protein feed (Piglet
and Calf)
能量饲料
Energy Feed (Piglets)

11

美国国际原料公司
International Ingredient
Corporation

营养金奶粉
Nutri-Gold

12

美国国际原料公司
International Ingredient
Corporation

奇饲粉
Cheese Plus
Cheese

蛋白质饲料
Protein Feed
(Livestock,
aquaculture and pet)
能量饲料 Energy
Feed (Swine and calf)

3

4
5

8

9
10

益加
Super DFM
Plus

原料
Raw Material

酵母硒
Yeast

α—淀粉酶（产自
米曲霉）
α-Amylase (by
Aspergillus Oryzae)
天然类固醇萨洒皂
角苷（源自丝兰）
Yucca (Yucca
Schidigera) Extract
微生物
Feed Additives
Mixture
Live
Microorganisms
奶粉与奶酪
Dried Milk and
Dried Cheese
糖类食品副产品
Sugar Foods ByProduct
(Carbohydrates)
干奶粉
Dried Milk Powder
干奶酪产品
Dried Cheese
Product

 13

美国国际原料公司
International Ingredient
Corporation

巧饲粉
Milk
Chocolate
Product

能量饲料
Energy Feed (Swine
and calf)

14

美国国际原料公司
International Ingredient
Corporation

乳清宝
CW-11

蛋白质饲料
Protein Feed (Piglet,
pet and Aquaculture)

15

美国国际原料公司
International Ingredient
Corporation
美国国际原料公司
International Ingredient
Corporation

奇饲粉
AF-35
宝宝派
Carbo-Pal

奇能佳
Protein Feed (Piglet,
pet and Aquaculture)
饲料添加剂
Feed Additive

16

巧克力糖和巧克力
牛奶巧饲粉
Chocolate Candy &
Dried Chocolate
Milk
奶酪乳清
Whey and byproduct, Lactose
and Whey Protein
奶酪粉和大豆粉
Dried Cheese and
Soy Flour
谷物和糖类食品副
产品
cereal food and
sugar foods byproducts
奶粉与酵母硒
Milk Product and
Brewers Dried
Yeast
酵母硒
Yeast

17

美国国际原料公司
International Ingredient
Corporation

营养派
Nutri-Pal

蛋白饲料
Protein feed (Swine)

18

美国国际原料公司
International Ingredient
Corporation
美国建明工业有限公司
Kemin Industries, Inc., USA

百泰 A
GroBiotic A

饲料添加剂
Feed Additive

微生康锌 27
粉剂
KemTRACE
Zinc 27 Dry

丙酸锌
Zinc Propionate

20

拉曼特种益生菌公司
Lallemand Specialties, Inc.,
USA

倍特赛
Bactocel

21

美国乐斯福酵母公司乐斯
福饲料添加剂
Lesaffre Feed Additives, a
division of Lesaffre Yeast
Corporation, USA
美盛作物营养有限公司
美盛饲料添加剂部
Mosaic Global Sales, LLC
Mosaic Feed Ingredients, a
Division of Mosaic Corp
Nutrition, LLC
美国金宝动物营养国际有
限公司
Zinpro Animal Nutrition
International Inc, USA

赛福硒 3000
Selyeast 3000

混合型饲料添加剂
丙酸锌
Feed Additives
Mixture Zinc
Propionate (Swine,
Ruminent, Poultry)
饲料添加剂
Feed Additive
(Swine, Poultry,
Aquaculture)
饲料添加剂
Feed Additive

富磷（磷酸
二氢钙）
Biofos

矿物质饲料添加剂
Natural Mineral

磷酸氢钙
Monocalcium
Phosphate

氨维乐一锌
100 AvailaZn 100

矿物饲料添加剂
Mineral Feed
Additive

氨基酸锌络合物
Zinc Amino Acid
Complex

19

22

23

乳酸片球菌
Pediococcus
acidilactici
酵母硒
Selenium Yeast