Apocalypse: Just imagine : Anthrax bacteria is cheap, deadly and easy to produce. A knapsack-full sprayed over Vancouver by a bio-terrorist might kill 100,000 people and cost ... Nexis® Search Folders Alerts History History Filters Filters "Robert Kadlec" AND Vancouver AND anthrax Dennis Wagner Document: Apocalypse: Just imagine : Anthrax bacteria Select is cheap, deadly and… Disclaimer Language​ ▼ Disclaimer All terms Go to 1 of 2 Actions Actions Search Document 38 Results list Apocalypse: Just imagine : Anthrax bacteria is cheap, deadly and easy to produce. A knapsack-full sprayed over Vancouver by a bio-terrorist might kill 100,000 people and cost billions to contain and clean up. Sun senior reporter Stephen Hume visited The Vancouver Sun (British Columbia) April 11, 1998, Saturday, FINAL EDITION Copyright 1998 CanWest Interactive, a division of CanWest Global Communications Corp. All Rights Reserved Section: SATREV; Pg. G1 / Front Length: 4309 words Byline: STEPHEN HUME; VANCOUVER SUN Body Imagine a languid, sunny West Coast afternoon before a long weekend, just around the time people begin streaming out of the schools and office buildings on their way home to the barbecue, the kids' ball game or the country retreat. The strollers are out around English Bay, the frisbees are flying at Kitsilano and lovers are necking at Jericho 4 Beach. No kites, though. Not enough wind. Somewhere along Vancouver's tranquil western fringe, just as the cooling land draws a prevailing breeze toward the city from the sea, a light aircraft drones past, one of the many that come and go from the airports scattered across the Lower Mainland. https://advance.lexis.com/...lderlocatorid=NOT_SAVED_IN_WORKFOLDER&ecomp=pfq9k&earg=sr0&prid=5024d78f-f88e-41e4-8cb3-bc10140b43df[3/22/2020 9:34:53 AM] Apocalypse: Just imagine : Anthrax bacteria is cheap, deadly and easy to produce. A knapsack-full sprayed over Vancouver by a bio-terrorist might kill 100,000 people and cost ... And that's it, that's the apocalypse. Not the vaporizing light from a Russian SS-18 warhead at ground zero, just a small plane nobody notices, the caress of a summer breeze and the faint perfume of sea air and flowers that is normal for a soft Vancouver evening. In this scenario - a worst-case scenario, let's be clear - the light plane that nobody notices is using off-the-shelf crop dusting equipment to lay down an invisible cloud of an easily produced and handled bacteria engineered to drift over the city on the lightest of airs. The victims themselves, flooding home on their holiday weekend commute, become an ingenious extension of the terrorists delivery system, just as a crowded subway or commercial passenger aircraft or the contained air conditioning system of a great building might be adopted to aid dispersal. The bacteria is anthrax, an organism so potent that inhaling a millionth of a gram means a probable death sentence. Anthrax is increasingly identified by experts as a weapon of choice for anyone contemplating what those authorities who must think about the unthinkable now call "strategic crime," that is, potential acts of terrorism involving mass murder or economic damage on a previously unimaginable scale. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, for example, calculate that the cost of a terrorist attack using anthrax against an unprotected civilian target of 100,000 people would have an economic cost of more than $ 34 billion. For the bioterrorist, anthrax has several profound advantages. Where other biological agents degrade quickly in sunlight, it is persistent. Gruinard Island off the coast of Scotland, contaminated during a British test more than 50 years ago, remains uninhabitable today. "It's like nuclear fallout. It will just keep going as long as it's present," says Kent Harding. He is a medical countermeasures expert and administrator at the Canadian military's biological warfare laboratories, an austere cluster of containment labs and deep cold freezers at Suffield, Alta., about 250 kilometres southwest of Calgary. Small quantities of anthrax can be dispersed using proven industrial techniques and equipment to contaminate large areas - as few as 8,000 invisible spores are considered an infective dose. Under the right circumstances, anthrax can be incredibly lethal. On the skin, it is fatal in about 25 per cent of cases. Inhaled or ingested, it is fatal in almost 100 per cent of cases. Anthrax is cheap and easy to produce. A recent report from the United States government's Office of Technology Assessment estimates the cost of producing even a massive biological weapons arsenal at around $ 10 million compared to $ 200 million for a single small nuclear device. "If an attacker has access to the target area, a simple mechanism to aerosolize a substance, and a basic biology laboratory, the prerequisites are complete," warns a paper on biological weapons by Lieutenant-Colonel Terry Mayer. He's the U.S. Air Force commander who was responsible for finding a way to launch a preemptive strike against Iraq's biological warfare labs and storage facilities and whose unit received a commendation from the Central Intelligence Agency. And modern industrial infrastructures, designed to move large numbers of people rapidly and to create selfcontained environments in the work place, offer deadly distribution systems that are already functioning efficiently. Had Japanese cultists deployed anthrax instead of a nerve gas in their 1995 attack on Tokyo's subway system, Mayer observes, the fatality rate might have risen from 0.2 per cent to 90 per cent - or 5,000 people. Or consider how much more effective the bombing of the New York World Trade Center might have been if a fire extinguisher loaded with a virulent infectious agent like small pox had been set at the bottom of each stairwell and https://advance.lexis.com/...lderlocatorid=NOT_SAVED_IN_WORKFOLDER&ecomp=pfq9k&earg=sr0&prid=5024d78f-f88e-41e4-8cb3-bc10140b43df[3/22/2020 9:34:53 AM] Apocalypse: Just imagine : Anthrax bacteria is cheap, deadly and easy to produce. A knapsack-full sprayed over Vancouver by a bio-terrorist might kill 100,000 people and cost ... rigged to begin spraying just as the bomb went off. Thousands of fleeing occupants would have passed through the mist. Who would consider a fire extinguisher unusual in such circumstances? But each one infected would have had the capacity to infect 20 more people outside, and each of them another 20 people, and so on. "This is not a high-tech arena that requires specialized equipment or core material as do nuclear weapons; this is basic college biology coupled with motivation," Mayer writes. "Nearly every grocery or drug store sells small aerosol deodorizers that periodically spray a fragrant mist. If an adversary wanted to neutralize the military brainstem of the United States, they might refill these deodorizers with a biological agent and clandestinely place one in each restroom of the Pentagon. After a few days, the entire population of the department of defence headquarters would be incapacitated, causing mass confusion and widespread terror." Like other biological warfare agents, in the absence of highly specialized equipment recently developed by Canadian military scientists, anthrax is virtually undetectable while in transit. If a terrorist were to carry it into Canada only a detailed physical search by a trained and lucky searcher would be likely to find it. A World Health Organization research paper from 1996 estimates that in ideal meteorological conditions, 50 kilograms dispersed by aerosol from an aircraft two kilometres upwind of a population centre would create a plume 20 kilometres long. Depending upon the vagaries of convection currents, the plume would reach from Vancouver to Coquitlam, or over to New Westminster, or across Richmond and into Surrey. Wherever it fell it would leave a footprint of death. For every 500,000 unprotected people it passes over in our worst-case scenario, 220,000 are killed or incapacitated. At first there are no symptoms. That's the beauty of anthrax as a weapon - it's odorless, tasteless, invisible and its incubation period leaves its deployers plenty of time to escape the scene of their attack. But then, the inevitable algorithms of suffering kick in. "Patients would present in unprecedented numbers, and demands for medical care might overwhelm medical resources." warns a clinical paper published six months ago in the rigorous and respected Journal of the American Medical Association. The first symptoms are fever, malaise and fatigue. There's a dry cough and a vague feeling of discomfort in the chest. Then comes an abrupt onset of severe breathing difficulty, a tell-tale rattle in the throat, heavy sweats and a characteristic blue pallor called cyanosis, caused by the failure of the blood to absorb oxygen as tissue in the chest cavity begins to die. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have calculated the accelerating epidemic curve for an aerial anthrax attack on an urban landscape with 100,000 unprotected people exposed. For our hypothetical attack on Vancouver the calculations would translate roughly this way. Day One: no cases. Day Two: 11,000 cases - that is twice the total number of hospital beds available across the whole Lower Mainland. Day Three: 77,000 cases and the peak of the epidemic. Day Four: 44,000 cases. Day Five: 22,000 cases. Day Six: 11,000 cases. https://advance.lexis.com/...lderlocatorid=NOT_SAVED_IN_WORKFOLDER&ecomp=pfq9k&earg=sr0&prid=5024d78f-f88e-41e4-8cb3-bc10140b43df[3/22/2020 9:34:53 AM] Apocalypse: Just imagine : Anthrax bacteria is cheap, deadly and easy to produce. A knapsack-full sprayed over Vancouver by a bio-terrorist might kill 100,000 people and cost ... Day Seven, 11,000 cases. By the second day, when our Jericho Beach lovers' skins begin to go black and erupt with malignant abscesses, when what felt like the onset of a common chest cold for the Little Leaguer suddenly begins to resemble a raging, choking pneumonia followed by the convulsions of acute meningitis, when frightened parents arrive at St. Paul's Hospital to find emergency wards overwhelmed and no help for their child, those surviving at the epicentre of this biological apocalypse might be forgiven for thinking themselves eye-deep in hell. And, indeed, they will be. From here, it gets worse. To begin with, there's the matter of overlapping jurisdictions and the division of powers. Technically, terrorist acts are civil crimes and thus the responsibility of the police and municipal authorities. Epidemics, on the other hand, are the responsibility of public health authorities. But crimes that involve hundreds of thousands of people resemble military operations rather than civil emergencies. In Canada, any involvement of biological, chemical or nuclear weapons immediately falls under federal jurisdiction. But first authorities must know what's actually happening. Which means that during the initial stages of our scenario, the burden falls most heavily on local authorities. In the streets, equally-frightened police and fire units are called upon to contain public panic, maintain civil order and to prevent wholesale flight into the surrounding countryside and the further spreading of possible contagion. Meanwhile, the chronically underfunded and understaffed provincial emergency measures unit, centred at the Justice Institute on McBride Boulevard in New Westminster, will be struggling to coordinate communications between the federal, provincial, municipal and private agencies; the military's biological warfare research team; and the Canadian army's NBC unit, a highly-trained team of operational specialists in nuclear, biological and chemical warfare. Epidemiologists from B.C.'s Centre for Disease Control will be racing to identify the nature and parameters of the outbreak while front line medical authorities - those that can be found on a long weekend and are not sick themselves - will begin making the traumatizing decisions of triage, identifying who can be saved and who must be left to die. There are many of those. Extrapolating loosely from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control model estimating case fatalities in an anthrax attack on an unprepared city, there would be 9,350 deaths among those showing symptoms on the first day. Then 61,600 deaths among those showing symptoms on the second day. There are effective vaccines for anthrax but they require a course of 28 days and are most effective either as a preventative measure or in dealing with the less virulent cutaneous form of the disease. Once the symptoms of inhalational anthrax appear, treatment is almost invariable ineffective and death follows within 24 to 36 hours. The scenes will be reminiscent of medieval plagues, with corpses accumulating faster than the authorities' immediate capacity to dispose of them. Which is why one medical team from the military hospital at Bethesda, Md., researching the public health implications of such an event, warns that in such circumstances many of the survivors themselves will also become "acute and chronic psychiatric casualties." To microbiologists, anthrax has an inherent beauty of its own. It is an elegant, rod-shaped organism that is naturally present in the soil and propagates itself by disseminating spores as tiny as one micron - a millionth of a metre - in diameter. Anthrax often infects grazing animals like sheep, cattle - and bison. Canada has had its own domestic anthrax outbreak among the herds in Wood Buffalo National Park. Human infection is most often acquired from animals and, in its inhaled form, it's popularly called Wool-sorter's disease. Yet it is only one of a number of disease-causing bacteria and viruses that occur in the natural world but can be https://advance.lexis.com/...lderlocatorid=NOT_SAVED_IN_WORKFOLDER&ecomp=pfq9k&earg=sr0&prid=5024d78f-f88e-41e4-8cb3-bc10140b43df[3/22/2020 9:34:53 AM] Apocalypse: Just imagine : Anthrax bacteria is cheap, deadly and easy to produce. A knapsack-full sprayed over Vancouver by a bio-terrorist might kill 100,000 people and cost ... easily modified for use as lethal weapons of mass destruction. Most experts acknowledge that with breakthroughs in genetic engineering, the stage has been reached where virtually any known disease agent can be produced, not only in laboratories but on an industrial scale using easily acquired industrial resources. These include such organisms as plague, which killed 25 million Europeans in the four years between 1347 and 1351; the explosive hemorrhagic fevers like ebola; vanquished killers like small pox, which once almost wiped aboriginal people from the face of North America; and still-potent ones like viral encephalitis, dengue fever, cholera, typhus, hanta virus, Rocky Mountain fever and botulism, which produces the single most toxic agent on the planet. It's now theoretically possible to create a lethal designer virus that would kill only a specific ethnic group, or a particular gender, or people with specified genetic characteristics, points out Robert Wright in an article in the New Republic. Other biological weapons research is investigating the possibility of affecting brain enzymes that regulate physiological systems. "There's some pretty nasty stuff out there," says retired brigadier-general James Cotter, the rangy, vaguely professorial executive director of the Biological and Chemical Defence Review Committee, the federal body that monitors all Canadian military research involving biological weapons. "There is a lot going on. Probably a lot more than any of you think. The work the Russians are doing on strange beasts, on hybrids, is really frightening," he says. "You can manufacture in your bathtub stuff that would take out a major city. The ability to move this stuff around the world is not that difficult." Cotter says the technological sophistication of protective devices - the best of them were designed in Canada - for troops required to operate in a toxic environment is a major deterrent to the military use of such weapons. Terrorism is another matter because the objectives are neither territory nor the neutralizing of an enemy threat while minimizing casualties. Instead, the immediate objectives lie in the psychological landscape - the creation of fear and the undermining of trust in government through the maximization of casualties. "Metropolitan areas are the most at risk. At the present, major cities in the United States and around the world remain indefensible to a biological weapons terrorist attack," writes Jeffrey Simon, a risk assessment consultant who studies the issue. [[["Even if a noncontagious agent were used, the public health consequences would be overwhelming," warns a paper by Lt.-Col. Robert Kadlec, a U.S. Air Force physician who specializes in biological warfare issues. "If several kilograms of an agent like anthrax were disseminated in New York City today, conservative estimates put the number deaths occurring in the first few days at 400,000. Thousands of others would be at risk of dying within several days if proper antibiotics and vaccination were not started immediately. "Millions of others would be fearful of being exposed and seek or demand medical care as well. Beyond the immediate health implications of such an act, the potential panic and civil unrest would create an equally large response." ]]] Although 140 nations have ratified the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, which seeks to outlaw the production and stockpiling of "weaponized" biological agents, the number of countries known or suspected to have such capability has doubled since the agreement came into force in 1975. At least 17 nations are believed to have biological weapons capability. Nine - Iran, Iraq, Israel, North Korea, China, Libya, Syria, Taiwan and Russia - are thought to be developing offensive weapons. Five of these countries already have known links to state-supported terrorist activity. https://advance.lexis.com/...lderlocatorid=NOT_SAVED_IN_WORKFOLDER&ecomp=pfq9k&earg=sr0&prid=5024d78f-f88e-41e4-8cb3-bc10140b43df[3/22/2020 9:34:53 AM] Apocalypse: Just imagine : Anthrax bacteria is cheap, deadly and easy to produce. A knapsack-full sprayed over Vancouver by a bio-terrorist might kill 100,000 people and cost ... And in the race for what's been called the poor country's nuclear bomb, lies, deceit and hypocrisy are the order of the day. Iraq signed the non-proliferation treaty then developed a clandestine $ 100 million biological weapons program. Russia signed it and then installed more than 40 biological weapons labs and production factories. A defecting Iraqi microbiologist told a British newspaper that as early as 1983, Iraq was working to develop and stockpile "very resilient anthrax." And Russia's work with anthrax was confirmed in 1994 when President Boris Yeltsin admitted that a mysterious epidemic that killed 66 people at Sverdlovsk in 1979 was actually the result of an accident at a biological weapons plant. What the experts fear most is the leakage of knowledge from big powers to less stable governments - as Russia unravels economically, a brain drain carries weapons technology to countries like Iraq - and the subsequent leakage from less stable states into terrorist hands. For example, while United Nations inspectors have found Saddam Hussein's biological warfare facilities, they have still not found his biological weapons stockpiles, which are small and unobtrusive. "Bio-chem is scary as hell," says Cotter. "You could be into it and the first hint you would get is people dropping dead around you. The terrorist side is frightening. It's frightening." How realistic is the fear that such weapons might fall into the hands of terrorists prepared to use them? The chilling answer is that they already have. In 1984, when French police raided a safe house for the German Red Army Faction, they found documents that revealed a strong working knowledge of biological agents and, in the bathtub, vials filled with the bacteria that produced botulism, a toxin 100,000 times more potent than some standard military nerve gases. The same year, the Rajneeshee religious cult in Oregon contaminated food in many Oregon restaurants with salmonella, causing 751 cases of infection. In 1995, while investigating the nerve gas attack on a Tokyo subway by the Aum Shinrikyo religious cult that killed 11 people and injured hundreds, authorities discovered sophisticated molecular engineering software and uncovered an elaborate secret infrastructure for testing and production of botulism and anthrax. And while it pales by comparison, a recent threat by animal rights extremists in Vancouver that they were poisoning Christmas turkeys certainly falls in this continuum. Some, like Jessica Stern, writing this week in the New York Times, take comfort from the incompetence of the Aum Shinrikyo organization in Japan, which did attempt several attacks using biological agents, all of which failed. Others, however, think it's merely a matter of time. "Biological warfare terrorist attacks could have catastrophic effects in terms of lives lost and create a medical, political and social crisis unparalleled in our history," writes Jeffrey Simon, "it is important to prepare now for this new age of terrorism. "While preventive measures must continue to be pursued, the greatest payoff in fighting biological warfare terrorism lies in improving our response time. "The medical and health communities will therefore play the most significant role in combatting biological warfare terrorism and they will have to carry out their duties at a time of unprecedented crisis and fear." Luckily for British Columbians, say the experts at Canada's military research facility for biological warfare at Suffield, Alberta, the province is already blessed with a first-rate emergency measures team. The skills developed in planning for a great earthquake along the B.C. coast are readily transferrable to response planning for some kind of biological terrorist attack. And planners at the Provincial Emergency Program have been proactive in talking about the emerging issue with military specialists. https://advance.lexis.com/...lderlocatorid=NOT_SAVED_IN_WORKFOLDER&ecomp=pfq9k&earg=sr0&prid=5024d78f-f88e-41e4-8cb3-bc10140b43df[3/22/2020 9:34:53 AM] Apocalypse: Just imagine : Anthrax bacteria is cheap, deadly and easy to produce. A knapsack-full sprayed over Vancouver by a bio-terrorist might kill 100,000 people and cost ... "You can feel pretty comfortable about your response team [in Vancouver] - they are good," says Cam Boulet, an organic chemist who specializes in detection and identification of biological warfare agents for the military. "You live in a place that has really well-evolved medical and emergency measures services." That would be cold comfort in the kind of catastrophic emergency visualized by the Centers for Disease Control, the U.S. military and the American Medical Association. Meanwhile, says Cotter, thinking constantly about the unthinkable, "the best defence against biological and chemical agents is intelligence. If you don't stay on top of the problem you get so far behind the power curve that you're soon in a world of hurt." BIOLOGICAL WARFARE - OUR DISHONOURABLE HISTORY Biological warfare is generally considered one of the Strangelovian nightmares of the 21st century, a symptom of the increasing brutalization of human values. In fact, it has a long and dishonourable history. One of the earliest documented uses of a biological weapon occurred in North America during the French and Indian Wars. With Indians loyal to the French holding Fort Carillon in what's now northeastern New York state, the British commander Sir Jeffrey Amherst proposed the use of smallpox to "reduce" those tribes hostile to the British. A Captain Ecuyer, acting on Amherst's suggestion, obtained pus-contaminated blankets from a smallpox hospital at Fort Pitt where an epidemic was underway among the troops. On June 24, 1763, the same year that King George III issued the Royal Proclamation that became a talisman for aboriginal rights, the smallpox blankets were delivered as a gift to the Indians at Fort Carillon. When the subsequent epidemic ripped through the defenders, the British attacked, captured Fort Carillon and renamed it Fort Ticonderoga. The full impact of smallpox on North American Indians can't be solely blamed on Captain Ecuyer, of course, but over the next 100 years, the disease swept westward across the continent with such speed and ferocity that when George Vancouver reached the Northwest Coast 30 years later, he found survivors pitted by the disease. Its virulence was such that one German aristocrat riding up the Missouri River into the Canadian Prairies wrote: "The prairie all around is a vast field of death, covered with unburied corpses and, spreading for miles, pestilence and infection. The Assiniboines, 9,000 in number, roaming over a hunting territory to the north of the Missouri as far as the trading posts of the Hudson's Bay Company are, in the literal senses of the expression, nearly exterminated." Perhaps the horror and despair are best described by the reaction of an Assiniboine named Little Dog. After the first of his children died in agony, he consulted with his wife and, with her permission, shot his dogs and horses, then her, then cut his children's throats, then shot himself. A second wave of smallpox reached what's now the British Columbia coast in 1862, spreading north when the inhabitants drove off the sick Indians camped outside the fort. How many people it killed has never been fully established, but many abandoned village sites are testament to the depopulation of the coast. APOCALYPTIC COCKTAIL Biological weapons research involves everything from exotic virulent hemorrhagic viruses like ebola to old familiars like influenza. Parrot fever, fowl plague, hog cholera, yellow fever, hepatitis, staphylococcus are all candidates for "weaponizing." Among those that most feared and frequently found in biological warfare arsenals are the following: Anthrax -- Symptoms: malignant pustules on the skin, respiratory collapse and meningitis. Incubation period: one to seven days. Mortality: 25 per cent for skin-based infection, almost 100 per cent for pulmonary and https://advance.lexis.com/...lderlocatorid=NOT_SAVED_IN_WORKFOLDER&ecomp=pfq9k&earg=sr0&prid=5024d78f-f88e-41e4-8cb3-bc10140b43df[3/22/2020 9:34:53 AM] Apocalypse: Just imagine : Anthrax bacteria is cheap, deadly and easy to produce. A knapsack-full sprayed over Vancouver by a bio-terrorist might kill 100,000 people and cost ... intestinal. Botulinum - This bacteria is prized for the toxins it produces -- the most lethal chemical compound on earth, 100,000 times more toxic than the standard nerve gas sarin. Symptoms: vomiting, constipation, thirst, general weakness, headache, fever, dizziness, double vision, paralysis of the throat. Mortality: directly dependent upon the amount ingested, but generally fatal. Brucellosis (Undulant Fever) - Symptoms: profuse sweating, chills, muscle and joint pain, fatigue. Incubation period: six to 60 days. Mortality: two to six per cent, but once infected the illness can last for years. Cholera -- Symptoms: sudden nausea, vomiting, profuse watery diarrhea with a cloudy appearance, rapid dehydration, toxemia and collapse. Incubation period: one to five days. Mortality: up to 50 per cent if untreated. Plague (The Black Death) - Symptoms: rapid onset of high fever, chills, violent headaches, extreme weakness, glandular swelling, pneumonia and/or hemorrhages in the skin and mucous membranes. Incubation period: one to seven days. Mortality: 30 to 60 per cent in untreated bubonic form, 90 to 100 per cent in pneumonic form. Smallpox - Symptoms: high fever, small skin blisters containing pus. Highly contagious. When a bus traveller visiting New York died of smallpox in 1947 the threat was considered so profound that 6.35 million people were vaccinated in less than a month. Incubation period: seven to 21 days. Mortality: up to 30 per cent. Tularemia ( rabbit fever) - Symptoms: sudden onset of chills, fever, prostration, susceptibility to pneumonia. Incubation: one to 10 days. Mortality: four to eight per cent. Typhus - Symptoms: severe headaches, sustained high fever, general pain and a skin rash. Incubation period: six to 26 days. Mortality: up to 80 per cent. Viral encephalitis -- Symptoms: headache and fever accompanying brain inflammation, dizziness, drowsiness, stupor, tremors, convulsions, loss of muscular coordination, paralysis. Incubation period: two to 15 days. Mortality: unknown -- probably five to 60 per cent, depending upon the strain. Graphic Color Photo: Photo-illustration by Vic Bonderoff, Vancouver Sun / MAN IN THE MASK: Without sophisticated protective gear, few could escape an outbreak of anthrax bacteria (shown in red, greatly magnified). Classification Language: ENGLISH Subject: CHEMICAL & BIOLOGICAL TERRORISM (89%); DISEASES & DISORDERS (89%); TERRORISM (89%); CHEMICAL & BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS (89%); BACTERIA (89%); COASTAL AREAS (89%); ANTHRAX (87%); TERRORIST ATTACKS (86%); MILITARY WEAPONS (74%); ISLANDS & REEFS (73%); LIFE FORMS (73%); INFECTIOUS DISEASE (73%); HOLIDAYS & OBSERVANCES (73%); EPIDEMIOLOGY (67%); PUBLIC HEALTH (67%); PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION (63%); CAPITAL PUNISHMENT (63%); HEALTH DEPARTMENTS (61%) Industry: CHEMICAL & BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS (89%); PASSENGER & CARGO AIRCRAFT (89%); HVAC SYSTEMS (78%); AIRPORTS (75%); COMMERCIAL & GENERAL AVIATION AIRCRAFT (75%); MILITARY WEAPONS (74%); OFFICE PROPERTY (73%); EPIDEMIOLOGY (67%); HEALTH DEPARTMENTS (61%) Geographic: VANCOUVER, BC, CANADA (88%); CALGARY, AB, CANADA (73%); BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA (72%); ALBERTA, CANADA (57%); CANADA (79%); SCOTLAND (79%) https://advance.lexis.com/...lderlocatorid=NOT_SAVED_IN_WORKFOLDER&ecomp=pfq9k&earg=sr0&prid=5024d78f-f88e-41e4-8cb3-bc10140b43df[3/22/2020 9:34:53 AM] Apocalypse: Just imagine : Anthrax bacteria is cheap, deadly and easy to produce. A knapsack-full sprayed over Vancouver by a bio-terrorist might kill 100,000 people and cost ... Load-Date: April 12, 1998 About About Notes Notes Use the Notes tab for all the notes you want to add or view for this document. Learn more about the Notes tab. Got it! About LexisNexis® Privacy Policy Cookie Policy Terms & Conditions Sign Copyright © 2020 LexisNexis. All rights Out reserved. https://advance.lexis.com/...lderlocatorid=NOT_SAVED_IN_WORKFOLDER&ecomp=pfq9k&earg=sr0&prid=5024d78f-f88e-41e4-8cb3-bc10140b43df[3/22/2020 9:34:53 AM]