Iefile GRAPHIC print - DO NOT PROCESS As Filed Data - DLN: 93493316018379 990 Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax OMB 15450047 Form 1H Under section 501(c), 527, or 4947(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code (except private foundations) 2 0 1 8 Do not enter soaal security numbers on this form as it may be made public Go to for instructions and the latest information. Open to Public Dc?pnitincni Of the Trenstin Inspection Internal Re\ enue Sen ice A For the 2019 calendar year, or tax year beginning 01-01-2018 and ending 12-31-2018 Name of organization Employer identification number Cheek 'f appl'cab'e 1851 CENTER FOR CONSTITUTIONAL LAW El Address change El Name change 27-1636436 El Initial return DOing busmess as l:l Final return/terminated El Amended return Number and street (or 0 box if mail is not delivered to street address) Room/smte 122 MAIN STREET Telephone number Application pending (614) 340-9817 City or town, state or provmce, country, and ZIP or foreign postal code COLUMBUS, OH 43215 Gross receipts 209,764 Name and address Of prinCIpal Officer H(a) Is this a group return for MAURICE A THOMPSON 122 MAIN STREET subordinates? l:lYes .NO 43215 H(b) Arel adll Egberdmates l:lYes l:lNo inc I 501(c)(3) l:l 501(c)( 4 (insert no) l:l 4947(a)(1) or l:l 527 If attach a list (see instructions) Website: Group exemption number i Year of formation 2010 State of legal domICIle Form Of organization Corporation l:l Trust l:l l:l Other? OH Summary 1 Briefly describe the organization?s mi55ion or most Significant actIVIties 0 TO DEFEND HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS 3 2 Check this box l:l if the organization discontinued its Operations or disposed of more than 25% Of its net assets :3 3 Number of voting members of the governing body (Part VI, line 1a) 3 a: 4 Number of independent voting members of the governing body (Part VI, line 1bTotal number of indiViduals employed in calendar year 2018 (Part V, line 2a) 5 1 6 Total number of volunteers (estimate if necessary) 6 2 7a Total unrelated busmess revenue from Part column (C), line Net unrelated busmess taxable income from Form 990-T, line Prior Year Current Year 8 Contributions and grants (Part line 1h182,397 209,764 9 Program serVIce revenue (Part line 29Investment income (Part column (A), lines Other revenue (Part column (A), lines 5, 6d, 8c, 9c, 10c, and lie) 0 12 Total revenue?add lines 8 through 11 (must equal Part column (A), line 12) 182,397 209,764 13 Grants and Similar amounts paid (Part IX, column (A), lines 1?3 . . . 14 Benefits paid to or for members (Part IX, column (A), line Salaries, other compensation, employee benefits (Part IX, column (A), lines 5?10) 119,006 136,815 3?3 163 Profe55ional fundraismg fees (Part IX, column (A), line HeTotal fundraismg expenses (Part IX, column (D), line 25) P0 ?3 17 Other expenses (Part IX, column (A), lines 11a?11d, 11f?24e) . . . . 44,992 46,779 18 Total expenses Add lines 13?17 (must equal Part IX, column (A), line 25) 163,998 183,594 19 Revenue less expenses Subtract line 18 from line 18,399 26,170 3 3 Beginning of Current Year End of Year 13% 20 Total assets (Part X, line 16900,338 926,508 :2 21 Total liabilities (Part X, line 26251?. 22 Net assets or fund balances Subtract line 21 from line 20 . . . . . 900,338 926,508 Mnature Block Under penalties of perjury, I declare that I have examined this return, including accompanying schedules and statements, and to the best of my knowledge and belief, it is true, correct, and complete Declaration Of preparer (other than officer) is based on all information of which preparer has any knowledge 2019-11-11 Signature Of Officer Date Sign Here MAURICE A THOMPSON EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Type or print name and title Print/Type preparer's name Preparer's Signature Date l:l PTIN 2019-11-11 Check If P00514332 Pald self?employed Preparer Firm 5 name RADEL SMITH 81 ASSOCIATES Firm 5 EIN 34-1710233 U59 Only Firm's address 175 WASHINGTON ST Phone no (419) 352-2541 BOWLING GREEN, OH 43402 May the IRS discuss this return With the preparer shown above? (see instructionsFor Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the separate instructions. Cat No 11282Y Form 990 (2018) Form 990 (2018) Page 2 Part Statement of Program Service Accomplishments Check if Schedule 0 contains a response or note to any line In this Part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l:l 1 Briefly describe the organization's mi55ion T0 DEFEND HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS 2 Did the organization undertake any Significant program serVIces during the year which were not listed on thepriorForm9900r990-EZl:lYes .No If "Yes," describe these new serVIces on Schedule 0 3 Did the organization cease conducting, or make Significant changes in how it conducts, any program l:lYes-No If "Yes," describe these changes on Schedule 0 4 Describe the organization's program serVIce accomplishments for each of its three largest program serVIces, as measured by expenses Section 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) organizations are reqUIred to report the amount of grants and allocations to others, the total expenses, and revenue, if any, for each program serVIce reported 43 (Code (Expenses including grants of (Revenue See Additional Data 4b (Code (Expenses including grants of (Revenue 4c (Code (Expenses including grants of (Revenue 4d Other program serVIces (Describe in Schedule 0 (Expenses including grants of$ (Revenue 4e Total program service expenses? Form 990 (2018) Form 990 (2018Page 3 Part IV Checklist of Required Schedules Yes No Is the organization described in section 501(c)(3) or 4947(a)(1) (other than a private foundation)? If "Yes,? complete Yes Schedule A 93' . . 1 Is the organization reqUIred to complete Schedule B, Schedule of Contributors (see instructions)? . 2 YES Did the organization engage in direct or indirect political campaign actIVIties on behalf of or in oppOSItion to candidates No for public office? If ?Yes, complete Schedule C, Part I 3 Section 501(c)(3) organizations. Did the organization engage in lobbying actIVIties, or have a section 501(h) election in effect during the tax year? If ?Yes, complete Schedule C, Part ll 4 N0 Is the organization a section 501(c)(4), 501(c)(5), or 501(c)(6) organization that receives membership dues, assessments, or Similar amounts as defined in Revenue Procedure 98-19? If ?Yes, complete Schedule C, Part Ill 5 N0 Did the organization maintain any donor adVIsed funds or any Similar funds or accounts for which donors have the right to prowde adVIce on the distribution or investment of amounts in such funds or accounts? If ?Yes, complete Schedule D, Pari?l 5 N0 Did the organization receive or hold a conservation easement, including easements to preserve open space, the enVIronment, historic land areas, or historic structures? If ?Yes, complete Schedule D, Part ll 7 N0 Did the organization maintain collections of works of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets? If ?Yes, complete Schedule D, Part 8 N0 Did the organization report an amount in Part X, line 21 for escrow or custodial account liability, serve as a custodian for amounts not listed in Part X, or prowde credit counseling, debt management, credit repair, or debt negotiation serVIces?If ?Yes, complete Schedule D, Part lV 9 0 Did the organization, directly or through a related organization, hold assets in temporarily restricted endowments, 10 No permanent endowments, or quaSI-endowments? If ?Yes, complete Schedule D, Pan? If the organization?s answer to any of the followmg questions is "Yes," then complete Schedule D, Parts VI, VII, IX, or as applicable Did the organization report an amount for land, bUIIdings, and eqUIpment in Part X, line 10? If ?Yes, complete Schedule D, Part Vl 11a N0 Did the organization report an amount for investments?other securities in Part X, line 12 that is 5% or more of its total assets reported in Part X, line 16? If "Yes, complete Schedule D, Part VII 11b N0 Did the organization report an amount for investments?program related in Part X, line 13 that is 5% or more of its total assets reported in Part X, line 16? If "Yes, complete Schedule D, Part 11c N0 Did the organization report an amount for other assets in Part X, line 15 that is 5% or more of its total assets reported in Part X, line 16? If ?Yes, complete Schedule D, Part IX 11d N0 Did the organization report an amount for other liabilities in Part X, line 25? If "Yes," complete Schedule D, PartX 11e No Did the organization?s separate or consolidated financial statements for the tax year include a footnote that addresses 11f No the organization's liability for uncertain tax p05itions under FIN 48 (ASC 740)? If ?Yes," complete Schedule D, Pan?X Did the organization obtain separate, independent audited finanCIaI statements for the tax year? If ?Yes, complete Schedule D, Parts XI and XII 12a No Was the organization included in consolidated, independent audited finanCIaI statements for the tax year? 12b No If ?Yes, and if the organization answered ?No? to line 123, then completing Schedule D, Parts XI and XII is optional Is the organization a school described in section If ?Yes," complete Schedule 13 0 Did the organization maintain an office, employees, or agents outSIde of the United States? 14a No Did the organization have aggregate revenues or expenses of more than $10, 000 from grantmaking, fundraismg, busmess, investment, and program serVIce actIVIties outSIde the United States, or aggregate foreign investments valued at $100, 000 or more? If' ',Yes complete Schedule F, Parts I and IV . 14b N0 Did the organization report on Part IX, column (A), line 3, more than $5,000 of grants or other a55istance to or for any foreign organization? If ?Yes, complete Schedule F, Parts II and IV . 15 N0 Did the organization report on Part IX, column (A), line 3, more than $5,000 of aggregate grants or other a55istance to or for foreign indiViduals? If "Yes, ?complete Schedule F, Parts and IV . 16 N0 Did the organization report a total of more than $15,000 of expenses for profes5iona fundraising serwces on Part IX, 17 No column (A), lines 6 and 11e? If ?Yes," complete Schedule G, Pan l(see instructions) Did the organization report more than $15,000 total of fundraising event gross income and contributions on Part lines 1c and 8a? If "Yes, complete Schedule G, Part II . 18 No Did the organization report more than $15,000 of gross income from gaming actIVIties on Part line 9a? If ?Yes," complete Schedule G, Part . 19 N0 Did the organization operate one or more hospital faCIlities? If ?Yes, complete Schedule . 20a No If "Yes" to line 20a, did the organization attach a copy of its audited finanCIaI statements to this return? 20b Did the organization report more than $5,000 of grants or other a55istance to any domestic organization or domestic 21 No government on Part IX, column (A), line 1? If "Yes, complete Schedule I, Parts I and II . Did the organization report more than $5,000 of grants or other a55istance to or for domestic on Part IX, 22 0 column (A), line 2? If ?Yes, complete Schedule I, Parts I and . Form 990 (2018) Form 990 (2018) Page 4 Part IV Checklist of Required Schedules (continued) Yes No 23 Did the organization answer "Yes" to Part VII, Section A, line 3, 4, or 5 about compensation of the organization's current and former officers, directors, trustees, key employees, and highest compensated employees? If "Yes,? complete 23 N0 Schedule}. 24a Did the organization have a tax- -exempt bond issue With an outstanding prinCIpaI amount of more than $100, 000 as of the last day of the year, that was issued after December 31, 2002? If "Yes,? answer lines 24b through 24d and complete Schedule If "No, ?90 to line 25a . . . . . 24a No Did the organization invest any proceeds of tax-exempt bonds beyond a temporary period exception? 24b Did the organization maintain an escrow account other than a refunding escrow at any time during the year to defease any tax-exempt bonds? 24c Did the organization act as an "on behalf of" issuer for bonds outstanding at any time during the year? 24d 25a Section 501(c)(3), 501(c)(4), and 501(c)(29) organizations. Did the organization engage in an excess benefit transaction With a disqualified person during the year? If ?Yes," complete Schedule L, Partl . 25a No Is the organization aware that it engaged in an excess benefit transaction With a disqualified person in a prior year, and that the transaction has not been reported on any of the organization?s prior Forms 990 or 25b No If ?Yes, complete Schedule L, Pan?l . 26 Did the organization report any amount on Part X, line 5, 6, or 22 for receivables from or payables to any current or former officers, directors, trustees, key employees, highest compensated employees, or disqualified persons? 26 No If ?Yes, complete Schedule L, Part ll . 27 Did the organization prowde a grant or other a55istance to an officer, director, trustee, key employee, substantial contributor or employee thereof, a grant selection committee member, or to a 35% controlled entity or family member 27 No of any of these persons? If "Yes, complete Schedule L, Part . 28 Was the organization a party to a busmess transaction With one of the fo 0Wing parties (see Schedule L, Part IV instructions for applicable filing thresholds, conditions, and exceptions) a A current or former officer, director, trustee, or key employee? If "Yes," complete Schedule L, Parth. 28a No A family member of a current or former officer, director, trustee, or key employee? If ?Yes, complete Schedule L, Parth . 28b No An entity of which a current or former officer, director, trustee, or key employee (or a family member thereof) was an officer, director, trustee, or direct or indirect owner? If "Yes, complete Schedule L, Part IV . 28c N0 29 Did the organization receive more than $25,000 in non-cash contributions? If ?Yes,? complete Schedule . 29 No 30 Did the organization receive contributions of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets, or qualified conservation contributions? If ?Yes, complete Schedule 30 N0 31 Did the organization liqUIdate, terminate, or dissolve and cease operations? If "Yes," complete Schedule N, Pan?l . 31 32 Did the organization sell, exchange, dispose of, or transfer more than 25% of its net assets? If ?Yes,? complete Schedule N, Part ll . 32 N0 33 Did the organization own 100% of an entity disregarded as separate from the organization under Regulations sections 301 7701-2 and 301 7701-3? If ?Yes," complete Schedule R, Partl . 33 N0 34 Was the organization related to any tax-exempt or taxable entity? If ?Yes, complete Schedule R, Part ll, or IV, and 34 No Part V, line 1 . . . 35a Did the organization have a controlled entity Within the meaning of section 512(b)(13)? 35a N0 If ?Yes' to line 35a, did the organization receive any payment from or engage in any transaction With a controlled entity Within the meaning of section 512(b)(13)? If ?Yes, complete Schedule R, Part V, line 2 35b 36 Section 501(c)(3) organizations. Did the organization make any transfers to an exempt non-charitable related organization? If "Yes," complete Schedule R, Part V, line 2 . 36 N0 37 Did the organization conduct more than 5% of its actIVIties through an entity that is not a related organization and that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes? If "Yes, complete Schedule R, Part VI 37 N0 38 Did the organization complete Schedule 0 and prowde explanations in Schedule 0 for Part VI, lines 11b and 19? Note. All Form 990 filers are reqUIred to complete Schedule 0 38 Yes Statements Regarding Other IRS Filings and Tax Compliance Check if Schedule 0 contains a response or note to any line in this PartV . l:l Yes No 1a Enter the number reported in Box 3 of Form 1096 Enter -0- if not applicable . . 1a Enter the number of Forms W-2G included in line 1a Enter -0- if not applicable 1b Did the organization comply With backup Withholding rules for reportable payments to vendors and reportable gaming (gambling) Winnings to prize Winners? 1c Yes Form 990 (2018) Form 990 (2018) Page 5 23 Enter the number of employees reported on Form W-3, Transmittal of Wage and Tax Statements, ?led for the calendar year ending With or Within the year covered by 23 1 If at least one is reported on line 2a, did the organization file all reqUIred federal employment tax returns? 2b Yes Note.If the sum of lines 1a and 2a is greater than 250, you may be reqUIred to e-file (see instructions) 33 Did the organization have unrelated busmess gross income of $1,000 or more during the year? 33 No If ?Yes," has it Filed a Form 990-T for this year?If "No? to line 3b, prowde an explanation in Schedule 0 . 3b 43 At any time during the calendar year, did the organization have an interest in, or a Signature or other authority over, a 43 No finanCIal account in a foreign country (such as a bank account, securities account, or other finanCIal account)? If "Yes," enter the name of the foreign country See instructions for filing reqUIrements for Form 114, Report of Foreign Bank and FinanCIal Accounts (FBAR) 53 Was the organization a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction at any time during the tax year? 53 No Did any taxable party notify the organization that it was or IS a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction? 5b No If "Yes," to line 5a or 5b, did the organization file Form 5c 63 Does the organization have annual gross receipts that are normally greater than $100,000, and did the organization 63 No any contributions that were not tax deductible as charitable contributions? If "Yes," did the organization include With every solimtation an express statement that such contributions or gifts were not tax deductible? 6b 7 Organizations that may receive deductible contributions under section 170(c). 3 Did the organization receive a payment in excess of $75 made partly as a contribution and partly for goods and serVIces 73 No provided to the payor? If "Yes, did the organization notify the donor of the value of the goods or serVIces prowded? 7b Did the organization sell, exchange, or otherWIse dispose of tangible personal property for which it was reqUIred to file Form8282"Yes," indicate the number of Forms 8282 filed during the year . . . . 7d Did the organization receive any funds, directly or indirectly, to pay premiums on a personal benefit contract? 7e No Did the organization, during the year, pay premiums, directly or indirectly, on a personal benefit contract? 7f No 9 If the organization received a contribution of qualified intellectual property, did the organization file Form 8899 as reqUIredthe organization received a contribution of cars, boats, airplanes, or other vehicles, did the organization file a Form . 7h No 8 Sponsoring organizations maintaining donor advised funds. Did a donor adVIsed fund maintained by the sponsoring organization have excess business holdings at any time during the year? 8 No 93 Did the sponsoring organization make any taxable distributions under section 4966? 93 No Did the sponsoring organization make a distribution to a donor, donor adVIsor, or related person? 9b No 10 Section 501(c)(7) organizations. Enter 3 Initiation fees and capital contributions included on Part line 12 . . . 103 Gross receipts, included on Form 990, Part line 12, for public use of club faCIlities 10b 11 Section 501(c)(12) organizations. Enter 3 Gross income from members or shareholders . . . . . . . . . 113 Gross income from other sources (Do not net amounts due or paid to other sources against amounts due or received from them . . . . . . . . . . 11b 12a Section 4947(a)(1) non-exempt charitable trusts. Is the organization filing Form 990 in lieu of Form 1041? 12a If "Yes," enter the amount of tax-exempt interest received or accrued during the year 12 13 Section 501(c)(29) qualified nonprofit health insurance issuers. 3 Is the organization licensed to issue qualified health plans in more than one state? Note. See the instructions for additional information the organization must report on Schedule 0 133 Enter the amount of reserves the organization is reqUIred to maintain by the states in which the organization is licensed to issue qualified health plans . . . . 13b Enter the amount of reserves on hand . . . . . . . . . . . . 13c 14a Did the organization receive any payments for indoor tanning serVIces during the tax year? 14a No If "Yes," has it filed a Form 720 to report these payments?If ?No, prowcle an explanation in Schedule 0 14b 15 Is the organization subject to the section 4960 tax on payment(s) of more than $1,000,000 in remuneration or excess parachute payment(s) during the year? If "Yes," see instructions and file Form 4720, Schedule . . 15 N0 16 Is the organization an educational institution subject to the section 4968 eXCIse tax on net investment income? If "Yes," complete Form 4720, Schedule 0 . 15 N0 Form 990 (2018) Form 990 (2018) Page 6 Part VI Governance, Management, and Disclosure For each ?Yes" response to lrnes 2 through 7b below, and for a "No" response to ?nes 8a, 8b, or 10!: below, the Circumstances, processes, or changes In Schedule 0 See mstructtons Check If Schedule contaIns a response or note to any ?ne In thIs Part Section A. Governing Body and Management Yes No 1a Enter the number of votIng members of the governIng body at the end of the tax year 1a 4 If there are materIal dIfferences In votIng among members of the body, or If the governIng body delegated broad authorIty to an executIve commIttee or committee, explam In Schedule 0 Enter the number of votIng members Included In lIne 1a, above, who are Independent 1b 3 2 any of?cer, dIrector, trustee, or key employee have a famIIy relatIonshIp or a busmess relatIonshIp WIth any other of?cer, dIrector, trustee, or key employeethe organIzatIon delegate control over management dutIes customarlly performed by or under the dIrect superVISIon 3 No of of?cers, dIrectors or trustees, or key employees to a management company or other person? 4 the organIzatIon make any sIgnI?cant changes to Its governIng documents smce the prIor Form 990 was ?led? . 4 N0 5 the organIzatIon become aware durIng the year of a SIgnI?cant dIverSIon of the organIzatIon's assets? . 5 No the organIzatIon have members or stockholders? 6 No 7a the organIzatIon have members, stockholders, or other persons who had the power to elect or appomt one or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7a No Are any governance deCISIons of the organIzatIon reserved to (or subject to approval by) members, stockholders, or 7b No persons other than the bodythe organIzatIon contemporaneously document the meetIngs held or ertten actIons undertaken durIng the year by the followmg SaYes Each commIttee WIth authorIty to act on behalf of the governIng bodythere any of?cer, dIrector, trustee, or key employee Isted In Part VII, SectIon A, who cannot be reached at the organIzatIon?s address? If ?Yes," prowde the names and addresses In Schedule Section B. Policies (Thrs Sectron requests Informatlon about polICIes not reqwred by the Internal Revenue Code.) Yes No 10a the organIzatIon have local chapters, branches"Yes," dId the organIzatIon have ertten po ICIes and procedures the actIVItIes of such chapters, and branches to ensure theIr operatIons are conSIstent WIth the organIzatIon's exempt purposes? 10b 11a Has the organIzatIon prowded a complete copy of thIs Form 990 to all members of Its body before ?lIng the DescrIbe In Schedule 0 the process, If any, used by the organIzatIon to reVIew thIs Form 990 12a the organIzatIon have a ertten coanIct of Interest pollcy? If "No12a Yes Were of?cers, dIrectors, or trustees, and key employees reqUIred to dIsclose annually Interests that could gIve me to 12bYes the organIzatIon regularly and conSIstently monItor and enforce complIance WIth the pollcy? If ?Yes," descrIbe the organIzatIon have a ertten poIIcy7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 No 14 the organIzatIon have a ertten document retentIon and destructIon poIIcythe process for determInIng compensatIon of the followmg persons Include a rewew and approval by Independent persons, data, and contemporaneous substantIatIon of the deIIberatIon and dEC 5 0n7 The organIzatIon?s CEO, ExecutIve DIrector, or top management offICIaI . . . . . . . . . . . 15a Yes Other of?cers or key employees of the organIzatIon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15b No If "Yes" to ?ne 15a or 15b, descrIbe the process In Schedule 0 (see InstructIons) 16a the organIzatIon Invest In, contrIbute assets to, or partICIpate In a venture or arrangement WIth "Yes," dId the organIzatIon follow a ertten polIcy or procedure reqUIrIng the organIzatIon to evaluate Its partICIpatIon In venture arrangements under appIIcabIe federal tax law, and take steps to safeguard the organIzatIon?s exempt status WIth respect to such arrangements16b Section C. Disclosure 17 LIst the States WIth a copy of thIs Form 990 Is reqUIred to be ?led? 18 SectIon 6104 reqUIres an organIzatIon to make Its Form 1023 (or 1024-A If appIIcable), 990, and 990-T (501(c)(3)s only) avaIlable for pubIIc InspectIon IndIcate how you made these avaIIable Check all that apply l:l Own WEbSlte l:l Another's webSIte Upon request l:l Other (explaIn In Schedule 0) 19 DescrIbe In Schedule 0 whether (and If so, how) the organIzatIon made Its govermng documents, coanIct of Interest pollcy, and ?nanCIal statements avaIlabIe to the pubIIc durIng the tax year 20 State the name, address, and telephone number of the person who possesses the organIzatIon's books and records PMAURICE A THOMPSON 122 MAIN STREET 43215 (614) 340-9817 Form 990 (2018) Form 990 (2018) Compensation of Officers, Directors,Trustees, Key Employees, Highest Compensated Employees, and Independent Contractors Check If Schedule 0 contains a response or note to any line In tl?lIS Part VII Section A. Officers, Directors, Trustees, Key Employees, and Highest Compensated Employees 1a Complete this table for all persons reqUIred to be listed Report compensation for the calendar year ending or WIthIn the organization?s tax ear 0 List all of the organization's current officers, directors, trustees (whether IndiViduals or organizations), regardless of amount of compensation Enter -0- in columns (D), (E), and (F) if no compensation was paid 0 List all of the organization?s current key employees, If any See instructions for definition of "key employee 0 List the organization's five current highest compensated employees (other than an officer, director, trustee or key employee) who received reportable compensation (Box 5 of Form W-2 and/or Box 7 of Form 1099-MISC) of more than $100,000 from the organization and any related organizations 0 List all of the organization?s former officers, key employees, or highest compensated employees who received more than $100,000 of reportable compensation from the organization and any related organizations 0 List all of the organization?s former directors or trustees that received, in the capaCIty as a former director or trustee of the organization, more than $10,000 of reportable compensation from the organization and any related organizations List persons in the followmg order Indiwdual trustees or directors, institutional trustees, officers, key employees, highest compensated employees, and former such persons Page 7 El l:l Check this box if neither the organization nor any related organization compensated any current of?cer, director, or trustee (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) Name and Title Average POSItion (do not check more Reportable Reportable Estimated hours per than one box, unless person compensation compensation amount of other week (list is both an of?cer and a from the from related compensation any hours director/trustee) organization organizations from the for related - I ,t I (W- 2/1099- (W- 2/1099- organization and i_J I I :n organizations .1 3 3.5, MISC) MISC) related below dotted a f? E7 3 organizations line.1. (1) MAURICE A THOMPSON 60 00 127,000 0 0 EXECUTIVE DI (2) BRADLY A SMITH 0 50 0 0 0 BOARD MEMBER (3) RONALD MCMASTER 0 50 0 0 0 BOARD MEMBER (4) CHRISTOPHER FINNEY 0 50 0 0 0 BOARD MEMBER Form 990 (2018) Form 990 (2018) Page 8 Part VII Section A. Officers, Directors, Trustees, Key Employees, and Highest Compensated Employees (continued) (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) Name and Title Average P05ition (do not check more Reportable Reportable Estimated hours per than one box, unless person compensation compensation amount of other week (list is both an officer and a from the from related compensation any hours director/trustee) organization (W- organizations (W- from the for related C: 3 7: m, I 'n organization and organizations :1 3 ,5 related below dotted g: 3 organizations lineSub-Total . . . . . . . . . Total from continuation sheets to Part VII, Section A . dTotal (add lines 1b and 1c) . 127,000 2 Total number of indIVIduals (including but not limited to those listed above) who received more than $100,000 of reportable compensation from the organization 1 Yes No 3 Did the organization list any former officer, director or trustee, key employee, or highest compensated employee on line 1a? If ?Yes, complete Schedule for such indiwdual . No 4 For any indiVidual listed on line 1a, is the sum of reportable compensation and other compensation from the organization and related organizations greater than $150,000? If ?Yes, complete Schedule for such indiwdual . No 5 Did any person listed on line 1a receive or accrue compensation from any unrelated organization or indiVidual for serVIces rendered to the organization'PIir ?Yes, complete Schedule for such person No Section B. Independent Contractors 1 Complete this table for your five highest compensated independent contractors that received more than $100,000 of compensation from the organization Report compensation for the calendar year ending With or Within the organization?s tax year (A) Name and busmess address (B) Description of serVIces (C) Compensation 2 Total number of independent contractors (including but not limited to those listed above) who received more than $100,000 of compensation from the organization Form 990 (2018) Form 990 (2018) Part Statement of Revenue Check if Schedule 0 contains a response or note to any line In this Part Page 9 (A) (B) (C) (D) Total revenue Related or Unrelated Revenue exempt busmess excluded from function revenue tax under sections revenue 512 - 514 'lar Amounts Contributions, Gifts, Grants imi and Other la Federated campaigns Membership dues Fundraismg events . Related organizations All other contributions, gifts, grants, and Similar amounts not included 1f above 9 Noncash contributions included in lines 1a - if Total. Add lines la-Government grants (contributions) I 1e I 209,764 209,764 Program Serwce Revenue 2a All other program serVIce revenue gTotal. Add lines 2a?2f . Busmess Code Other Revenue Similar amounts) 5 Royalties 3 Investment income (including diVidends, interest, and other 4 Income from investment of tax-exempt bond proceeds Real (ii) Personal 6a Gross rents Less rental expenses Rental income or (loss) Net rental income or (loss) Securities (ii) Other 7a Gross amount from sales of assets other than inventory Less cost or other ba5is and sales expenses Gain or (loss) Net gain or (loss) 83 Gross income from Fundraismg events (not including of contributions reported on line 1c) See Part IV, line 18 . . . . a bLess directexpenses . . . 9a Gross income from gaming actiwties See Part IV, line 19 (3 Net income or (loss) from fundraismg events . . bLess directexpenses . . . Net income or (loss) from gaming actIVIt loaGross sales of inventory, less returns and allowances Less cost of goods sold . . Net income or (loss) from sales of inventory . . Miscellaneous Revenue Busmess Code 11a All other revenue eTotal. Add lines 11a?11d 12 Total revenue. See Instructions 209,764 Form 990 (2018) Form 990 (2018) Page 10 Part IX Statement of Functional Expenses Section 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) organizations must complete all columns All other organizations must complete column (A) Check IfScheduleOcontainsaresponse or note to an IIne In this Part l:l (B) (C) (D) Program serVIce Management and FundraIsIngexpenses expenses general expenses Do not include amounts reported on lines 6bPart Total expenses l-l Grants and other a55Istance to domestic organizations and domestic governments See Part IV, IIne 21 2 Grants and other a55Istance to domestic IndIVIduals See Part IV, Me 22 3 Grants and other a55Istance to foreign organizations, foreign governments, and foreign IndIVIduals See Part IV, IIne 15 and 16 Bene?ts paid to or for members .h 5 Compensation of current officers, directors, trustees, and 127,000 127,000 key employees 6 Compensation not Included above, to disqualified persons (as defined under section 4958(f)(1)) and persons described In section 4958(c)(3)(B) . . 7 Other salaries and wages PenSIon plan accruals and contributions (Include section 401 and 403(b) employer contributions) 9 Other employee benefits 10 Payrolltaxes . . . . . . . . . . . 9,815 9,815 11 Fees for serVIces (non-employees) a Management Legal . . . . . . . . . 317 317 AccountIng . . . . . . . . . . . 1,200 1200 LobbyIng ProfeSSIonaI fundraIsmg serVIces See Part IV, IIne 17 Investment management fees 9 Other (If 11g amount exceeds 10% of line 25, column (A) amount, IIst Mm 119 expenses on Schedule O) 12 Advertising and promotion . . . . 4,168 4,168 13 OffIceexpenses7,177 7,177 14 Information technology 15 Royalties 16 Occupancy . . . . . . . . . . . 21,218 21,218 17 Travel . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,054 3,054 18 Payments of travel or entertainment expenses for any federal, state, or local pubIIc offICIals 19 Conferences, conventIons, and meetIngs . . . . 227 227 20 Interest 21 Payments to affiliates 22 DepreCIation, depletion, and amortization 23 Insurance 24 Other expenses ItemIze expenses not covered above (LIst miscellaneous expenses In line 24a If line 24e amount exceeds 10% of line 25, column (A) amount, list line 24e expenses on Schedule a WESTLAW LEGAL SEARCH SUBS 8,276 8,276 MISCELLANEOUS 588 588 REGULATORY AND FILING FEE 554 554 All other expenses 25 Total functional expenses. Add ?ms 1 through 24e 183,594 0 183,594 0 26 Joint costs. Complete this line only If the organization reported In column (B) costs from a combIned educatIonal campaIgn and fundraIsmg soIICItation Check here l:l If followmg SOP 98-2 (ASC 958-720) Form 990 (2018) Form 990 (2018) Page 11 Part Balance Sheet Check if Schedule 0 contains a response or note to any line In this Part IX . . l:l (A) (B) Beginning of year End of year 1 Cash?non-interest-bearing 900,338 1 925508 2 Savmgs and temporary cash Investments 2 3 Pledges and grants receivable, net 3 4 Accounts receivable, net 4 5 Loans and other receivables from current and former officers, directors, trustees, key employees, and highest compensated employees Complete 5 PartllofScheduleL . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Loans and other receivables from other disquali?ed persons (as defined under section 4958(f)(1)), persons described in section 4958(c)(3)(B), and contributing employers and sponsoring organizations of section 501(c)(9) 6 voluntary employees' beneFICIary organizations (see instructions) Complete Part II of Schedule . '33 7 Notes and loans receivable, net 7 8 Inventories for sale or use 8 9 Prepaid expenses and deferred charges 9 10a Land, and eqUIpment cost or other basis Complete Part VI of Schedule 103 Less accumulated depreCIation 10b 10c 11 Investments?publicly traded securities 11 12 Investments?other securities See Part IV, line 11 12 13 Investments?program-related See Part IV, line 11 13 14 Intangible assets 14 15 Other assets See Part IV, line 11 15 16 Total assets.Add lines 1 through 15 (must equal line 34) 900,338 16 926.508 17 Accounts payable and accrued expenses 17 18 Grants payable 18 19 Deferred revenue 19 20 Tax-exempt bond liabilities 20 vi 21 Escrow or custodial account liability Complete Part IV of Schedule 21 -9 22 Loans and other payables to current and former officers, directors, trustees, key employees, highest compensated employees, and disqualified A are persons Complete Part II of Schedule 22 ?1 23 Secured mortgages and notes payable to unrelated third parties 23 24 Unsecured notes and loans payable to unrelated third parties 24 25 Other liabilities (including federal income tax, payables to related third parties, 25 and other liabilities not included on lines 17 - 24) Complete Part of Schedule 26 Total liabilities.Add lines 17 through 25 0 26 0 Organizations that follow SFAS 117 (ASC 958), check here l:l and 2 complete lines 27 through 29, and lines 33 and 34. ?5 27 Unrestricted net assets 27 ?05 28 Temporarily restricted net assets 28 '9 29 Permanently restricted net assets 29 Organizations that do not follow SFAS 117 (ASC 958), 5 check here and complete lines 30 through 34. 30 Capital stock or trust prinCIpal, or current funds . 30 31 Paid-in or capital surplus, or land, or eqUIpment fund 31 a 32 Retained earnings, endowment, accumulated income, or other funds 900.338 32 926,508 a 33 Total net assets or fund balances 900.338 33 926,508 2 34 Total liabilities and net assets/fund balances 900.338 34 926,508 Form 990 (2018) Form 990 (2018) Reconcilliation of Net Assets Page 12 Check If Schedule 0 contaIns a response or note to any lIne In thIs Part XI mmummhqu-n 10 Total revenue (must equal Part column (A), lIne 12) 1 209,764 Total expenses (must equal Part IX, column (A), lIne 25) 2 183,594 Revenue less expenses Subtract MM 2 from 1 3 26,170 Net assets or fund balances at begInnIng of year (must equal Part X, lIne 33, column 4 900,338 Net unrealized gaIns (losses) on Investments 5 Donated serVIces and use of 6 Investment expenses 7 PrIor perIod adjustments 8 Other changes In net assets or fund balances (explaIn In Schedule 0) 9 Net assets or fund balances at end of year CombIne lInes 3 through 9 (must equal Part X, lIne 33, column 10 926,508 Part XII Financial Statements and Reporting Check If Schedule 0 contaIns a response or note to any lIne In thIs Part XII 2a 3a AccountIng method used to prepare the Form 990 Cash l:l Accrual l:l Other If the organIzatIon changed Its method of accountIng from a prIor year or checked "Other," explaIn In Schedule 0 Were the organIzatIon?s fInanCIal statements comleed or reVIewed by an Independent accountant? If ?Yes,? check a box below to IndIcate whether the fInanCIal statements for the year were complied or reVIewed on a separate consolIdated or both l:l Separate l:l ConsolIdated l:l Both consolldated and separate ba5Is Were the organIzatIon?s fInanCIal statements audIted by an Independent accountant? If ?Yes,? check a box below to IndIcate whether the fInanCIal statements for the year were audIted on a separate consoIIdated baSIs, or both l:l Separate baSIs l:l ConsolIdated baSIs l:l Both consolldated and separate baSIs If "Yes," to lIne 2a or 2b, does the organIzatIon have a commIttee that assumes for overSIght of the audIt, reVIew, or compIIatIon of Its fInanCIal statements and selectIon of an Independent accountant? If the organIzatIon changed eIther Its overSIght process or selectIon process durIng the tax year, explaIn In Schedule 0 As a result of a federal award, was the organIzatIon reqUIred to undergo an audIt or audIts as set forth In the SIngle AudIt Act and OMB CIrcular A-1337 If "Yes," dId the organIzatIon undergo the reqUIred audIt or audIts? If the organIzatIon dId not undergo the reqUIred audIt or audIts, explaIn why In Schedule 0 and descrIbe any steps taken to undergo such audIts Yes Form 990 (2018) Additional Data Software ID: Software Version: EIN: 27-1636436 Name: 1851 CENTER FOR CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Form 990 (2018) Form 990, Part Line 4a: TO DEFEND HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS Iefile GRAPHIC print - DO NOT PROCESS As Filed Data - DLN: 93493316018379 OMB No 1545-0047 SCHEDULE A Public Charity Status and Public Support (Form 990 01' Complete if the organization is a section 501(c)(3) organization or a section 2 0 1 8 990EZ) 4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trust. Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ. Depnmneni 0m?, Go to for the latest information. mi Inspection Name of the organization Employer identification number 1851 CENTER FOR CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 27-1636436 Reason for Public Charity Status (All organizations must complete this part.) See instructions. The organization is not a private foundation because it is (For lines 1 through 12, check only one box 1 A church, convention of churches, or assooation of churches described in section 2 A school described in section (Attach Schedule (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 3 A hospital or a cooperative hospital serVIce organization described in section 4 A medical research organization operated in conjunction With a hospital described in section Enter the hospital's name, City, and state An organization operated for the benefit of a college or univerSIty owned or operated by a governmental unit described in section 170 (Complete Part II) A federal, state, or local government or governmental unit described in section ID El l:ll:ll:ll:l An organization that normally receives a substantial part of its support from a governmental unit or from the general public described in section (Complete Part II A community trust described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(vi) (Complete Part II An agricultural research organization described in 170(b)(1)(A)(ix) operated in conjunction With a land-grant college or univerSIty or a non-land grant college of agriculture See instructions Enter the name, City, and state of the college or univerSIty El [ll] 10 An organization that normally receives (1) more than 331/30/0 of its support from contributions, membership fees, and gross receipts from actthies related to its exempt functions?subject to certain exceptions, and (2) no more than 331/30/0 of its support from gross investment income and unrelated busmess taxable income (less section 511 tax) from busmesses achIred by the organization after June 30, 1975 See section 509(a)(2). (Complete Part 11 An organization organized and operated excluswely to test for public safety See section 509(a)(4). 12 An organization organized and operated excluswely for the benefit of, to perform the functions of, or to carry out the purposes of one or more publicly supported organizations described in section 509(a)(1) or section 509(a)(2). See section 509(a)(3). Check the box in lines 12a through 12d that describes the type of supporting organization and complete lines 12e, 12f, and 129 Type I. A supporting organization operated, superwsed, or controlled by its supported organization(s), typically by giVing the supported organization(s) the power to regularly appomt or elect a majority of the directors or trustees of the supporting organization You must complete Part IV, Sections A and B. Type II. A supporting organization superVIsed or controlled in connection With its supported organization(s), by havmg control or management of the supporting organization vested in the same persons that control or manage the supported organization(s) You must complete Part IV, Sections A and C. Type functionally integrated. A supporting organization operated in connection With, and functionally integrated With, its supported organization(s) (see instructions) You must complete Part IV, Sections A, D, and E. Type non-functionally integrated. A supporting organization operated in connection With its supported organization(s) that is not functionally integrated The organization generally must satisfy a distribution reqUIrement and an attentiveness reqUIrement (see instructions) You must complete Part IV, Sections A and D, and Part V. Check this box if the organization received a written determination from the IRS that it IS a Type I, Type II, Type functionally integrated, or Type non-functionally integrated supporting organization Enter the number of supported organizations 9 Prowde the followmg information about the supported organization(s) Name of supported (ii) EIN Type of (iv) Is the organization listed Amount of (vi) Amount of organization organization in your governing document? monetary support other support (see (described on lines (see instructions) instructions) 1- 10 above (see instructions)) Yes No Total For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Cat No 11285F Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018 Form 990 or 990-EZ. Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018 Page 2 [m Support Schedule for Organizations Described in Sections and 170 (Complete only if you checked the box on line 5, 7, 8, or 9 of Part I or if the organization failed to qualify under Part If the organization fails to qualify under the tests listed below, please complete Part Section A. Public Support Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in) 1 Gifts, grants, contributions, and membersh p fees received (Do not 102,306 88,444 901,799 182,397 209,764 1,484,710 include any "unusual grant 2 Tax revenues leVIed for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf 3 The value of serVIces or faCIlities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization Without charge 4 Total. Add lines 1 through 3 102,306 88,444 901,799 182,397 209,764 1,484,710 5 The portion of total contributions by each person (other than a governmental unit or publicly supported organization) included on line 1 that exceeds 2% of the amount shown on line 11, column 6 Public support. Subtract line 5 from 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Total 1,484,710 line 4 Section B. Total Support Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in) (a)2014 (b)2015 ((2)2016 (d)2017 (e)2018 (f)Tota 7 Amounts from line 4 102,306 88,444 901,799 182,397 209,764 1,484,710 8 Gross income from interest, diVidends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from Similar sources 9 Net income from unrelated busmess actIVIties, whether or not the busmess is regularly carried on 10 Other income Do not include gain or loss from the sale of capital assets (Explain in Part VI) 11 Igtal support. Add lines 7 through 1,484,710 12 Gross receipts from related actIVIties, etc (see instructions) I 12 I 13 First five years. If the Form 990 iS for the organization's first, second, third, fourth, or fifth tax year as a section 501(c)(3) organization, Section C. Computation of Public Support Percentage 14 Public support percentage for 2018 (line 6, column diVided by line 11, column 14 100 000 0/0 15 Public support percentage for 2017 Schedule A, Part II, line 1/3?/o support test?2018. If the organization did not check the box on line 13, and line 14 is 33 1/3% or more, check this box and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization I 33 1/3?/o support test?2017. If the organization did not check a box on line 13 or 16a, and line 15 is 33 1/3?/o or more, check this box and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization l:l 17a 10%-facts-and-circumstances test?2018. If the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, or 16b, and line 14 is 10% or more, and if the organization meets the "facts-and-CIrcumstances" test, check this box and stop here. Explain in Part VI how the organization meets the "facts-and-CIrcumstances" test The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization l:l 10?lo-facts-and-circumstances test?2017. If the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, 16b, or 17a, and line 15 is 10% or more, and if the organization meets the "facts-and-CIrcumstances" test, check this box and stop here. Explain in Part VI how the organization meets the "facts-and-CIrcumstances" test The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization l:l 18 Private foundation. If the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, 16b, 17a, or 17b, check this box and see instructions l:l Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018 Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018 Page 3 Support Schedule for Organizations Described in Section 509(a)(2) (Complete only If you checked the box on Ine 10 of Part I or If the organIzatIon faIIed to quaIIfy under Part II. If the organIzatIon faIls to quaIIfy under the tests IIsted below, please complete Part II.) Section A. Public Support Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in) 1 GIfts, grants, contrIbutIons, and membershIp fees recered (Do not Include any "unusual grants 2 Gross receIpts from admISSIons, merchandIse sold or serVIces performed, or furnIshed In any actIVIty that Is related to the organIzatIon's tax-exempt purpose 3 Gross receIpts from actIVItIes that are not an unrelated trade or busIness under sectIon 513 4 Tax revenues IeVIed for the organIzatIon's bene?t and alther paId to or expended on Its behalf 5 The value of serVIces or furnIshed by a governmental unIt to the organIzatIon WIthout charge 6 Total. Add Ines 1 through 5 7a Amounts Included on Ines 1, 2, and 3 recered from persons Amounts Included on Ines 2 and 3 recered from other than persons that exceed the greater of $5,000 or 1% of the amount on Ine 13 for the year (2 Add Ines 7a and 7b 8 Public support. (Subtract Ine 7c from Ine 6) (a)2014 (b)2015 (c)2016 (d)2017 (e)2018 Total Section B. Total Support Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning in) 9 Amounts from Ine 6 10a Gross Income from Interest, dIvIdends, payments recered on securItIes loans, rents, royaltIes and Income from sources Unrelated busmess taxable Income (less sectIon 511 taxes) from busmesses achIred after June 30, 1975 Add Ines 10a and 10b 11 Net Income from unrelated busmess actIVItIes not Included In Ine 10b, whether or not the busmess Is regularly earned on 12 Other Income Do not Include gaIn or loss from the sale of capItaI assets (ExplaIn In Part VI) 13 Total support. (Add Ines 9, 10c, 11, and 12) (a)2o14 (b)2015 (c)2016 (d)2017 (e)2018 Total 14 First five years. If the Form 990 Is for the organIzatIon's ?rst, second, thIrd, fourth, or ?fth tax year as a sectIon 501(c)(3) organIzatIon, check thIs box and stop here Section C. Computation of Public Support Percentage 15 PubIIc support percentage for 2018 ( Ine 8, column dIVIded by Ine 13, column 15 15 PubIIc support percentage from 2017 Schedule A, Part Ine 15 15 Section D. Computation of Investment Income Percentage 17 Investment Income percentage for 2018 ( Ine 10c, column lelded by Ine 13, column 17 13 Investment Income percentage from 2017 Schedule A, Part Ine 17 13 19a 331/3?/o support tests?2018. If the organIzatIon dId not check the box on Ine 14, and Ine 15 I5 more than 33 and Ine 17 Is not more than 33 check box and stop here. The organIzatIon as a pubIIcly supported organIzatIon PEI 33 1/3?/o support tests?2017. If the organIzatIon dId not check a box on Ine 14 or Ine 19a, and Ine 16 IS more than 33 1/3% and Ine 18 Is not more than 33 check thIs box and stop here. The organIzatIon as a publIcly supported organIzatIon 20 Private foundation. If the organIzatIon dId not check a box on Ine 14, 19a, or 19b, check thIs box and see InstructIons Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018 Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018 Supporting Organizations (Complete only if you checked a box on line 12 of Part I If you checked 12a of Part I, complete Sections A and If you checked 12b of Part I, complete Sections A and If you checked 12c of Part I, complete Sections A, D, and If you checked 12d of Part I, complete Page 4 Sections A and D, and complete Part V) Section A. All Supporting Organizations the organization's supported organizations listed by name In the organization's governing documents? If ?No, describe in Part VI how the supported organizations are deSignated If deSignated by class or purpose, describe the deSignation If historic and continUing relationship, explain Did the organization have any supported organization that does not have an IRS determination of status under section 509 1) or If ?Yes, explain in Part VI how the organization determined that the supported organization was described in section 509(a)(1) or (2) Did the organization have a supported organization described in section 501(c)(4), (5), or If ?Yes," answer and below 3a Did the organization confirm that each supported organization qualified under section 501(c)(4), (5), or (6) and satisfied the public support tests under section 509(a)(2)? If ?Yes, describe in Part VI when and how the organization made the determination 3b Did the organization ensure that all support to such organizations was used excluswely for section 170(c)(2)(B) purposes? If ?Yes, explain in Part VI what controls the organization put in place to ensure such use 3c Was any supported organization not organized in the United States ("foreign supported organization")? If "Yes? and if you checked 12a or 12b in Part I, answer and below Did the organization have ultimate control and discretion in deCIding whether to make grants to the foreign supported organization? If "Yes,? describe in Part VI how the organization had such control and discretion despite being controlled or superwsed by or in connection With its supported organizations 4b Did the organization support any foreign supported organization that does not have an IRS determination under sections 501(c)(3) and 509(a)(1) or If ?Yes,? explain in Part VI what controls the organization used to ensure that all support to the foreign supported organization was used excluswely for section 1 purposes 4c Did the organization add, substitute, or remove any supported organizations during the tax year? If "Yes, answer and below (if applicable) Also, proVide detail in Part VI, including the names and EIN numbers of the supported organizations added, substituted, or removed, (ii) the reasons for each such action, the authority under the organization '5 organizmg document authorizmg such action, and (iv) how the action was accomplished (such as by 5a amendment to the organiZing document) Type I or Type 11 only. Was any added or substituted supported organization part of a class already de5ignated in the organization's organizmg document? 5b Substitutions only. Was the substitution the result of an event beyond the organization's control? 5c Did the organization prowde support (whether in the form of grants or the proyi5ion of serVIces or facilities) to anyone other than its supported organizations, (ii) IndIVIdualS that are part of the charitable class benefited by one or more of its supported organizations, or other supporting organizations that also support or benefit one or more of the filing organization?s supported organizations? If "Yes, ?prowde detail in Part VI. Did the organization prowde a grant, loan, compensation, or other Similar payment to a substantial contributor (defined in section a family member of a substantial contributor, or a 35% controlled entity With regard to a substantial contributor? If ?Yes, complete Part I of Schedule (Form 990 or 990-EZ) Did the organization make a loan to a disqualified person (as defined in section 4958) not described in line 7? If ?Yes,? complete Part I of Schedule (Form 990 or 990-EZ) Was the organization controlled directly or indirectly at any time during the tax year by one or more disqualified persons as defined in section 4946 (other than foundation managers and organizations described in section 509(a)(1) or If "Yes,? prowde detail in Part VI. 9a Did one or more disqualified persons (as defined in line 9a) hold a controlling interest in any entity in which the supporting organization had an interest? If "Yes, ?prowde detail in Part VI. 9b Did a disqualified person (as defined in line 9a) have an ownership interest in, or derive any personal benefit from, assets in which the supporting organization also had an interest? If ?Yes, ?prowde detail in Part VI. 9c Was the organization subject to the excess busmess holdings rules of section 4943 because of section 4943(f) (regarding certain Type II supporting organizations, and all Type non-functionally integrated supporting organizations)? If "Yes,? answer line 10b below 10a Did the organization have any excess busmess holdings in the tax year? (Use Schedule C, Form 4720, to determine whether the organization had excess busmess holdings) 10b Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018 Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018 Page 5 Supporting Organizations (continued) 11 a Yes No Has the organization accepted a gift or contribution from any of the followmg persons? A person who directly or Indirectly controls, either alone or together With persons described in and below, the governing body of a supported organization? 11a A family member of a person described In above? 11b A 35% controlled entity of a person described In or above? If "Yes? to a, b, or c, prowde detail in Part VI 11c Section B. Type I Supporting Organizations Yes No Did the directors, trustees, or membership of one or more supported organizations have the power to regularly appomt or elect at least a majority of the organization's directors or trustees at all times during the tax year? If "No, ?describe in Part VI how the supported organization(s) effectively operated, superVised, or controlled the organization?s actiVities If the organization had more than one supported organization, describe how the powers to appomt and/or remove directors or trustees were allocated among the supported organizations and what conditions or restrictions, if any, applied to such powers during the tax year Did the organization operate for the bene?t of any supported organization other than the supported organization(s) that operated, superVIsed, or controlled the supporting organization? If ?Yes, explain in Part VI how prowding such benefit carried out the purposes of the supported organization(s) that operated, superwsed or controlled the supporting organization Section C. Type II Supporting Organizations 1 Yes No Were a majority of the organization?s directors or trustees during the tax year also a majority of the directors or trustees of each of the organization's supported organization(s)? If ?No, describe in Part VI how control or management of the supporting organization was vested in the same persons that controlled or managed the supported organization(s) 1 Section D. All Type Supporting Organizations Yes No Did the organization prowde to each of its supported organizations, by the last day of the fifth month of the organization's tax year, a written notice describing the type and amount of support prOVIded during the prior tax year, (ii) a copy of the Form 990 that was most recently filed as of the date of notification, and copies of the organization?s governing documents in effect on the date of notification, to the extent not preVIously prowded" Were any of the organization?s officers, directors, or trustees either appomted or elected by the supported organization (5) or (ii) servmg on the governing body of a supported organization? If ?No, explain in Part VI how the organization maintained a close and continuous working relationship With the supported organization(s) By reason of the relationship described in (2), did the organization?s supported organizations have a Significant v0ice in the organization?s investment and in directing the use of the organization?s income or assets at all times during the tax year? If "Yes, describe in Part VI the role the organization?s supported organizations played in this regard Section E. Type Functionally-Integrated Supporting Organizations 1 Check the box next to the method that the organization used to satisfy the Integral Part Test during the year (see instructions) a The organization satisfied the ActIVIties Test Complete line 2 below CI The organization is the parent of each of its supported organizations Complete line 3 below CI The organization supported a governmental entity Describe in Part VI how you supported a government entity (see instructions) ActIVIties Test Answer and below. Yes No a Did substantially all of the organization?s actIVIties during the tax year directly further the exempt purposes of the supported organization(s) to which the organization was responswe? If ?Yes," then in Part VI identify those supported organizations and explain how these actiwties directly furthered their exempt purposes, how the organization was responSive to those supported organizations, and how the organization determined that these actiwties constituted substantially all of its actiVities 2a Did the actIVIties described in constitute actIVIties that, but for the organization's involvement, one or more of the organization?s supported organization(s) would have been engaged in? If ?Yes," explain in Part VI the reasons for the organization?s pOSition that its supported organization(s) would have engaged in these actiVities but for the organization ?5 involvement 2b Parent of Supported Organizations Answer and below. a Did the organization have the power to regularly appomt or elect a majority of the officers, directors, or trustees of each of 3a the supported organizations? Prowde details in Part VI. Did the organization exerCIse a substantial degree of direction over the programs and actIVIties of each of its supported organizations? If "Yes, describe in Part VI. the role played by the organization in this regard 3b Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018 Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018 Page 6 Type Non-Functionally Integrated 509(a)(3) Supporting Organizations 1 Check here If the organIzation satis?ed the Integral Part Test as a qualifying trust on Nov 20, 1970 (explain In Part VI) See instructions. All other Type non-functIonally Integrated supportIng organizations must complete Sections A through Section A - Adjusted Net Income (A) Pr'or Year currentYear (optIonal) Net short-term capItal gaIn RecoverIes of prIor-year distributions Other gross Income (see instructions) Add Ines 1 through 3 DeprECIatIon and depletion dim-thi-I aim-thi-I Portion of operating expenses paId or Incurred for production or collection of gross income or for management, conservation, or maIntenance of property held for production of Income (see InstructIons) \l \l Other expenses (see Instructions) Adjusted Net Income (subtract lines 5, 6 and 7 from line 4) Section - Minimum Asset Amount (A) Prlor Year optIona 1 Aggregate fair market value of all non-exempt-use assets (see InstructIons for short tax year or assets held for part of year) 1 Average value of securItIes la Average cash balances 1b Fair market value of other non-exempt-use assets 1c Total (add lines la, lb, and 1c) 1d Discount claimed for blockage or other Factors (explaIn In detail In Part VI) 2 AchISItion Indebtedness appIIcabIe to non-exempt use assets Subtract lIne 2 from line 1d .h Cash deemed held for exempt use Enter 1-1/20/0 of Ine 3 (for greater amount, see InstructIons) Net value of non-exempt-use assets (subtract Ine 4 from line 3) MultIply line 5 by 035 RecoverIes of prIor-year distributions Minimum Asset Amount (add Ine 7 to Ine 6) Section - Distributable Amount Current Year Adjusted net Income for prIor year (from SectIon A, Ine 8, Column A) Enter 85% of line 1 MInImum asset amount for prior year (from Section B, line 8, Column A) Enter greater of line 2 or line 3 Income tax Imposed In prior year aim-thI-I aim-thi-I Distributable Amount. Subtract line 5 from lIne 4, unless subject to emergency temporary reductIon (see InstructIons) \l Check here If the current year IS the organization?s first as a non-functionaIIy-Integrated Type supportIng organIzatIon (see InstructIons) Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018 Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018 Page 7 Type Non-Functionally Integrated 509(a)(3) Supporting Organizations (continued) Section - Distributions Current Year 1 Amounts paid to supported organizations to accomplish exempt purposes Amounts paid to perform actIVIty that directly furthers exempt purposes of supported organizations, In excess of income from actiwty Administrative expenses paid to accomplish exempt purposes of supported organizations Amounts paid to achIre exempt-use assets Qualified set-aSIde amounts (prior IRS approval reqUIred) Other distributions (describe in Part VI) See instructions Total annual distributions. Add lines 1 through 6 mummhw details in Part VI) See instructions Distributions to attentive supported organizations to which the organization is responswe (prowde 9 Distributable amount for 2018 from Section C, line 6 10 Line 8 amount diVided by Line 9 amount Section - Distribution Allocations (see instructions) Excess Distributions (ii) Underdistributions Distributable Pre-2018 Amount for 2018 1 Distributable amount for 2018 from Section C, line 6 2 Underdistributions, if any, for years prior to 2018 (reasonable cause reqUIred-- explain in Part VI) See instructions 3 Excess distributions carryover, if any, to 2018 a From 2013. From 2014. From 2015. From 2016. From 2017. Total of lines 3a through 9 Applied to underdistributions of prior years Applied to 2018 distributable amount i Carryover from 2013 not applied (see instructions) Remainder Subtract lines 39, 3h, and Bi From 3f 4 Distributions for 2018 from Section D, line 7 a Applied to underdistributions of prior years Applied to 2018 distributable amount Remainder Subtract lines 4a and 4b from 4 5 Remaining underdistributions for years prior to 2018, if any Subtract lines 39 and 4a from line 2 If the amount is greater than zero, explain in Part VI See instructions 6 Remaining underdistributions for 2018 Subtract lines 3h and 4b from line 1 If the amount is greater than zero, explain in Part VI See instructions 7 Excess distributions carryover to 2019. Add lines 3] and 4c 8 Breakdown of line 7 Excess from 20 14. Excess from 2015. Excess from 2016. Excess from 2017. (PROUD) Excess from 2018. Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) (2018) Additional Data Software ID: Software Version: EIN: 27-1636436 Name: 1851 CENTER FOR CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2018 Page 8 Supplemental Information. Prowde the explanations reqUIred by Part II, line 10, Part II, line 17a or 17b, Part line 12, Part IV, Section A, lines 9a, 9b, 9c, 11a, 11b, and 11c, Part IV, Section B, lines 1 and 2, Part IV, Section C, line 1, Part IV, Section D, lines 2 and 3, Part IV, Section E, lines 1c, 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b, Part V, line 1, Part V, Section B, line 1e, Part Section D, lines 5, 6, and 8, and Part V, Section E, lines 2, 5, and 6 Also complete part for any additional Information (See instructions) Facts And Circumstances Test Iefile GRAPHIC print - DO NOT PROCESS As Filed Data - OMB No 1545-0047 SCHEDULE 0 Supplemental Information to Form 990 or 990-EZ (Form 990 01? 990' Complete to provide information for responses to specific questions on 2 0 1 8 El) Form 990 or 990-EZ or to provide any additional information. Attach to Form 990 or 990-EZ. Open to Public Department 0mm Tremm Go to for the latest information. MmelB?thelp?glaF?Zatlon Employer identification number 1851 CENTER FOR CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 27-1636436 990 Schedule 0, Supplemental Information Return Explanatlon Reference FORM 990 EIN 27-1636436 1851 CENTER FOR CONSTITUTIONAL LAW FORM 990, SCHEDULE 0 LIST OF ACTIONS TA KEN PURSUANT TO EXEMPT PURPOSE IN 20181 PUND CITY OF BEDFORD AND THOMPSON CITY OF 0 AKWOOD THE 1851 CENTER BEGAN THESE COMPANION CASES IN THE CLEVELAND AND DAYTON AREA CHALL ENGING THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF AND OF PROGRAMS, I PROHIBITIONS ON SELLING HOME WITHOUT OBTAINING AND PASSING A GOVERNMENT INSPECTION THAT THE HOME OWNER IS REQUIRED TO FUND EACH CITY HAS ALTERED ITS LAW SINCE WE FILED SUIT THE 1851 CEN TER PREVAILED IN EACH CASE THE INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS WERE ALL ENJOINED UNDER THE FOURTH AMENDMENT, CLASSES OF THOUSANDS OF HOMEOWNERS WERE CERTIFIED, AND CITIES WERE ORDERED TO RETURN INSPECTION FEES TO THE CLASSES IN 2018, THE CITIES DID RETURN INSPECTION FEES TO ITIZENS 2 YODER CITY OF BOWLING GREEN THE 1851 CENTER INITIATED THIS CASE IN 2017 TO PROTECT THE PROPERTY RIGHTS OF HOMEOWNERS AND ASSOCIATIONAL RIGHTS OF TENANTS FROM A MUNIC IPAL ZONING REGULATION PROHIBITING GREATER THAN THREE UNRELATED ADULTS FROM RESIDING TOGET HER IN ONE HOME, REGARDLESS OF THE SIZE OF THE HOME THE 1851 CENTER ULTIMATELY PREVAILED IN THIS CASE IN EARLY 2019 3 WHITE CITY OF CINCINNATI THE 1851 CENTER INITIATED THIS CASE IN 2018 TO PROTECT THE PROPERTY RIGHTS AND FREE EXPRESSION RIGHTS OF CINCINNATI HOMEO WNERS AND BUSINESS OWNERS DESIRING TO USE HOME SECURITY ALARMS TO PROTECT THEIR HOMES AND OFFICES FROM CRIMINALS THE CITY CHARGES AN ARBITRARY FEE OF 50 TO 100 BEFORE ONE MAY INST ALL ANY TYPE OF ALARM OR CONTACT THE POLICE TO REPORT THE RESULTS OF A TRIGGERED ALARM TH IS LITIGATION IS ONGOING 4 PROJECT VERITAS OHIO ELECTIONS COMMISSION THE 1851 CENTER BEGAN LAYING THE GROUNDWORK FOR THIS CASE IN 2018 AND FILED IT IN 2019 TO PROTECT THE FIRS AMENDMENT RIGHTS OF THOSE SEEKING TO GATHER NEWS THROUGH UNDERCOVER REPORTING ON OHIO PO LITICAL CAMPAIGNS THIS LITIGATION IS ONGOING 5 THE 1851 DIRECTOR DISCUSSED CONS TITUTIONAL RIGHTS AT A MYRIAD OF LIVE EVENTS, AND THROUGH A MYRIAD OF MEDIA OUTLETS, INCLU DING TELEVISION, RADIO, AND PRINT 6 THE 1851 CENTER INVESTIGATED NUMEROUS CASES THAT DID NOT RESULT IN LITIGATION, FOCUSING ON PROPERTY RIGHTS, FREE SPEECH, PARENTAL RIGHTS, CORPO RATE WELFARE, AND EXCESSIVE FINES M0738 SI H008 AEI S830VNVW CINV 80: 3HJ. S80J_3 8c 08d CINV CINV ?8808833088 SV 3HJ. AEI SI X3 3HJ. 80: EIQL OJ. ANV W083 0380038 N3H SI CINV ANV OZ OJ. 066 N3HJ. 3HJ. M3IA38 80: W3HJ. CINV C 38Vc 38c XVJ. 3HJ. 8 Ll ?066 W803 aauajapa mmau uoneuuow: 21uawa ddns 'o aInpaqas 055 990 Schedule 0, Supplemental Information Return Explanation Reference FORM 990, THE INDEPENDENT TAX ACCOUNTANT PREPARED THESE FORMS AND RETURNED THEM TO THE DIRECTOR FOR PAGE 6, REVIEW THE DIRECTOR THEN PROVIDED THE 990 TO THE BOARD PART VI, LINE 118 990 Schedule 0, Supplemental Information Return Explanation Reference FORM 990, ANY BOARD MEMBER WITH A POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSES THAT INTEREST AND IS THEN PAGE 6, RECUSED FROM ANY VOTE RELATED TO THE MATTER PART VI, LINE 12C J. EIMHVIN M0138 SI H308 A?c'l SHEISVNV IN CINV ISAEINHOLLV SELLVH EIH VSL J. EIAISNEILXEI EIAVH CINV iHVd ON CINV SINHH NVINHIVHC) 8V EIAIJ. ?9 HOEIXEI CIHVOEI EIHJ. A8 SI HOLOEIHICI EIALLHOEIXEI EIHJ. '066 aouaJapu mmea uoneuuow: e1uawa ddns 'o ampeqas 066 990 Schedule 0, Supplemental Information Return Reference Explanation FORM 990, PAGE 6, PART VI, LINE 19 THE GOVERNING DOCUMENTS ARE MADE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST