No. ____________ ___________________________________________________ United States Court of Appeals For the District of Columbia Circuit ___________________________________________________ IN RE: MICHAEL T. FLYNN, Petitioner ______________________________________________ On Petition for a Writ of Mandamus to the United States District Court for the District of Columbia Case No. 1:17-cr-232 ___________________________________________________ APPENDIX ___________________________________________________ HARVEY & BINNALL, PLLC Jesse R. Binnall Lindsay McKasson Abigail Frye 717 King Street Suite 200 Alexandria, Virginia 22314 Tel: (703) 888-1943 SIDNEY POWELL, P.C. Sidney Powell Counsel of Record Molly McCann 2911 Turtle Creek Blvd., Suite 300 Dallas, Texas 75219 Tel: (214) 707-1775 ATTORNEYS FOR PETITIONER MICHAEL T. FLYNN May 19, 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO. TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………………………….. i APPENDIX 1 – TRANSCRIPT OF DEC. 18, 2018 HEARING……………………………………………………………....1 APPENDIX 2 – WATERGATE PROSECUTORS EMAIL AND FILING………………………………………………….. 64 APPENDIX 3 – MAY 12, 2020, MINUTE ORDER……………………………………………………………....... 74 APPENDIX 4 – MAY 13, 2020, ORDER APPOINTING GLEESON……………………………………………… 76 APPENDIX 5 – SIMILAR MOTIONS TO DISMISS AND ORDERS………………………………………………. 79 UNITED STATES V. STEVENS…………………………………. 80 UNITED STATES V. GONCALVES, ET AL (AFRICAN STING CASE) MOTION TO DISMISS……………. 85 UNITED STATES V. ALVIREZ ORDER….……………………. 88 UNITED STATES V. SPILLER ORDER.………………………..89 UNITED STATES V. GERI ORDER ……………………………. 90 CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE................................................ 91 i APPENDIX 1 TRANSCRIPT OF DEC. 18, 2018 HEARING 81,7(' 67$7(6 ',675,&7 &2857 )25 7 ( ',675,&7 2) &2/80 ,$ 81, 2 0 , &ULPL DO $FWLR 1R ODL WLII Y 0, 'HFHPEHU D P 11 :DVKL JWR HIH GD W 1 2 81, , 2 212 1 , 1 ,1 00 , 2 28 ' & ,1 8 , 1 -8 $33($5$1&(6 )RU WKH 8 LWHG 6WDWHV UD GR D J D UDFN VVLVWD W 8 WWRU H 8 6 '(3$570(17 2) -867,&( 6SHFLDO &R VHO V 2IILFH 3H V OYD LD $YH H 1: :DVKL JWR '& (PDLO YJ VGRM JRY DL DE 1DHHP KPDG VVLVWD W 8 WWRU H 8 6 '(3$570(17 2) -867,&( 3H V OYD LD $YH H 1: 5RRP :DVKL JWR '& (PDLO 6 RWW DOOD 5 5 -2- 55 D VGRM JRY 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R $33($5$1&(6 &R W )RU WKH 'HIH GD W REHUW . .HO HU VT &29,1 721 85/,1 //3 7H WK 6WUHHW 1: 2 H &LW &H WHU :DVKL JWR '& )D (PDLO 5NHO HU FRY FRP WHSKH LHUFH WKR &29,1 721 85/,1 //3 7H WK 6WUHHW 1: 2 H &LW &H WHU :DVKL JWR '& )D (PDLO )RU WKH 8 6 'HSDUWPH W 3UREDWLR 6D WKR .HOO .UDHPHU 2IILFHU H HH 0RVHV 2IILFHU &R UW 5HSRUWHU VT FRY FRP RDUHV UHJRU UREDWLR UREDWLR FRWW DOODFH 2IILFLDO &R UW 5HSRUWHU 5RRP 8 6 &R UWKR VH :DVKL JWR ' & VFRWWO DRO FRP 3URFHHGL JV UHSRUWHG E PDFKL H VKRUWKD G E FRPS WHU DLGHG WUD VFULSWLR 6 RWW DOOD 5 5 -3- 55 WUD VFULSW SURG FHG 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R 02 1,1 ,21 0 D P 7 ( &2857 RRG PRU L J 7 ( &28575220 &/(5. 7 ( &2857 RRG PRU L J R RU RRG PRU L J 7 ( &28575220 &/(5. 8 R U R U 6 R RU U F WKLV LV FULPL DO FDVH U 0 F :LOO DOO SDUWLHV SOHDVH FRPH IRUZDUG WR WKLV OHFWHU LGH WLI R UVHOYHV IRU WKH UHFRUG 05 UDFN R WDEOH LV 9$1 5$&. RRG PRU L J R RU UD GR D G ZLWK PH DW FR 9D VHO V DL DE $KPHG D G :LOOLDP 0F&D VOD G IURP WKH ) , 7 ( &2857 RRG PRU L J 06 $ 0$' RRG PRU L J 05 .(/1(5 &R VHO R U RRG PRU L J 7 ( &2857 JRRG PRU L J 7 ( '()(1'$17 7 ( &2857 R RU 5REHUW .HO HU ZLWK 0LFKDHO )O D G ZLWK PH $ WKR $OO ULJKW RZ DUH R RU R U UOL J IRU WKH GHIH GD W VHO WDEOH LV 6WHSKH 06 R U EHKDOI RI WKH 8 LWHG 6WDWHV &RYL JWR DW FR D G RRG PRU L J &R VHO 0U )O R " RRG )URP WKH 3UREDWLR .5$(0(5 62$5(6 'HSDUWPH W" RRG PRU L J .UDHPHU 6RDUHV D G 5H HH 0RVHV UHJRU R R U R RU .HOO EHKDOI RI 8 6 3UREDWLR 7 ( &2857 $OO ULJKW 6 RWW DOOD RRG PRU L J WR 5 5 -4- 55 R 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R ERWK 7KH FDVH LV L D YHU LT H SRVW UH $V HYHU R H N RZV WKH M GJH ZKR WRRN WKH SOHD RI J LOW IRF V R VH WH FL J LVV HV , ZD W WR VD UHDG HYHU GHDO RI , IURP 0U , ZDV )O HHG WR IRF V R RW VR EHIRUH , VRPH RWKHU LVV HV D FR SOH RI WKL JV EHIRUH , JHW WR WKRVH LVV HV ILOL J YHU FDUHI OO R S EOLF L IRUPDWLR L L WKLV FDVH WKLV FDVH , 7KHUH V D JUHDW D G , OO M VW OHDYH LW DW WKDW ,I D RI P T HVWLR V UHT LUH D SDUW R S EOLF L IRUPDWLR R S EOLF GR RU LI , EHJL W EH VK L KDYH OHDU HG WR GR WKLV , JHW L WR DUHDV ZKHUH PD RW VHH VRPHWKL J R SOHDVH WKDW VKR OG , GR FOHUNV RYHU WKH W JHW RIIH GHG LI W ZD W WR HDUV LI , JHW RII RI VFULSW RU LI R GR LW L WH WLR DOO VD VRPHWKL J WKH S EOLF GRFNHW 7KH JRYHU PH W ILOHG D VHDOHG PRWLR WKLV DOHUWL J WKH &R UW RPLWWHG R H GRF PH W IURP WKH JRYHU PH W V FDPHUD SURG FWLR 7KH &R UW GHUVWD GV WKDW WKH GHIH GD W UHFHLYHG WKLV GRF PH W IURP WKH JRYHU PH W R WK RI WKLV HDU 7KH &R UW UHFHLYHG D G UHDG WKH GRF PH W EHIRUH , FDPH R WKH EH FK D 1RYHPEHU WKH 'RHV WKH GHIH GD W KDYH D L DGYHUWH W RPLVVLR FR FHU V DER W WKLV EHIRUH WKLV KHDUL J SURFHHGV RU RWKHUZLVH REMHFWLR V" 6 RWW , R U KD GV RU VD HZ GRF PH W WKDW ZDV ILOHG DW WKDW LW L DGYHUWH WO L 0 S D G UDLVH RW EH UHYHDOHG R 7KHUH V D PRU L J , ZR VR VWD G WR GLVF VV VRPHWKL J WHOOL J PH L GLFDWL J WR GLVFORVH DOOD 5 5 -5- 55 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R 05 .(/1(5 1R 7 ( &2857 JRL J WR DVN 0U GHS W R RU $OO ULJKW EHFD VH , WKL N , RSL LR R U , ZD W WR IRF V R HHG WR )O $ G WKHUH DUH VRPH T HVWLR V WKDW , P D G EHFD VH WKLV LV D RI WKH SOHD FROORT GHU RDWK H WH VLR L P , P JRL J WR DVN WKH FR UWURRP DW WKDW WLPH WR DGPL LVWHU WKH RDWK ZH KDYH SOHD FROORT LHV WKH SOHD ILUVW EHFD VH RUPDOO ZKH ZH DOZD V UHT LUH D GHIH GD W WR EH D G WKDW V ZKDW , P JRL J WR GR WKLV PRU L J OHVV WKHUH DUH REMHFWLR V 05 .(/1(5 1R REMHFWLR 7 ( &2857 $OO ULJKW R U $ G L $LG RI 6H WH FL J KH VWDWHV KH WKH GHVFULSWLR FR WDL HG L RI WKH T RWH 0U T RWH )O GRHV V 0HPRUD G P L RW WDNH LVV H ZLWK DW UH D G FLUF PVWD FHV RI WKH RIIH VH WKH JRYHU PH W V VH WH FL J PHPRUD G P D G WKH SUHVH WH FH L YHVWLJDWLR KH KDV R RU IUD NO UHSRUW H G T RWH DFN RZOHGJHG H DOVR VWDWHV WKDW H G T RWH WKDW DFWLR V ZHUH ZUR J D G KH DFFHSWHG I OO UHVSR VLELOLW T RWH KLV IRU WKHP H G T RWH $W WKH VDPH WLPH PHPRUD G P R FHUWDL KRZHYHU T RWH 0U )O IRF VHV P FK RI KLV DGGLWLR DO IDFWV UHJDUGL J WKH FLUF PVWD FHV V UUR L WHUYLHZ DW ZKLFK 0U )O GL J WKH -D DGPLWWHGO H G T RWH DU ) , OLHG DER W VHYHUDO WRSLFV WR WKH ) , DJH WV 0U )O FR WH GV WKDW V FK DGGLWLR DO IDFWV ZDUUD W WKH &R UW V FR VLGHUDWLR 6 RWW DOOD 5 5 -6- 55 T RWH DV LW HYDO DWHV WKH VHULR V HVV 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R RI WKH RIIH VH UHODWLYH WR WKH FLUF PVWD FHV RI ZLW HVV L WHUYLHZV D G W SLFDO FDVHV FKDUJHG GHU 8 6 &RGH 6HFWLR H G T RWH 0U )O KLJKOLJKWV WKH IDFW WKDW IRUPHU 'HS W 'LUHFWRU $ GUHZ 0F&DEH H SODL HG WKDW WKH T RWH ZD T RWH ) , T LFNHVW H G WR FR G FW WKH L WHUYLHZ ZR OG EH ZLWKR W L YROYL J WKH :KLWH R VH FR 0U )O VHO V RIILFH WKH DJUHHG WR PHHW WKH DJH WV ZLWKR W D DGGLWLR DO SDUWLFLSD WV 0U )O L WH WLR DOO DOVR KLJKOLJKWV WKDW WKH ) , DJH WV GHFLGHG RW WR ZDU FULPH WR H V UH WKDW 0U $W WKH L WHUYLHZ LPSOLHV WKDW KH ZDV ZDU L J D G ZDV , )O 0U KLP WKDW O L J WR WKH ) , ZDV D ZR OG EH UHOD HG )O ZDV UHOD HG D G J DUGHG EHFD VH KH GLG RW UHSUHVH WHG E FR KLV VH WH FL J PHPRUD G P ) , PHPRUD G P D G D D G D $ J VW PHPRUD G P D G D G H RW UHFHLYH D VHO 0U )O $ J VW FRPPR O VWULNH WKDW $ J VW J DUGHG G FLWHG D -D UHIHUUHG WR DV D , PLVVSRNH )' DU ,W V WKH ZLWKR W SURYLGL J FRSLHV WR WKH &R UW 0U )O LPPHGLDWHO RWKHUZLVH L GLG RW FLWH RU T RWH WKH )' DIWHU KLV L WHUYLHZ WKH UHFRUG SUHSDUHG 7KHVH GRF PH WV ZHUH 7KH &R UW WKH RW RUGHUHG WKH GHIH GD W WR SURG FH WKH FLWHG PDWHULDO D G RUGHUHG WKH JRYHU PH W WR SURG FH D RWKHU PHPRUD GD RU )' 6 RWW DOOD UHOHYD W WR 0U 5 5 -7- 55 )O 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R V ) , L WHUYLHZ $IWHU UHYLHZL J WKH SURG FHG PDWHULDO WKDW WKH )' SUHSDUHG LPPHGLDWHO WKH &R UW FR FO GHG DIWHU 0U )O V L WHUYLHZ ZDV UHOHYD W WR VH WH FL J D G WK V RUGHUHG WKH JRYHU PH W WR ILOH D UHGDFWHG YHUVLR R WKH S EOLF GRFNHW 7KH &R UW WDNHV LWV UHVSR VLELOLW YHU )O V EULHIL J FR FHU HG WKH &R UW LVV HV WKDW PD DIIHFW RU FDOO L WR T HVWLR DW WKH YHU $V V FK 0U )O OHDVW FHUWDL VDWLVIDFWRU , FD L YLWH 0U SRGL P KLV J LOW RZ ILUVW DVN T HVWLR V WR H V UH WKDW KH H WHUHG KLV J LOW YRO WDULO DGYLFH RI FR RW UHFDOO D D G , GR )O L WHOOLJH WO D G ZLWK I OVRPH D G VHO L FLGH W L ZKLFK WKH &R UW KDV HYHU IURP VRPHR H ZKR PDL WDL HG WKDW KH ZDV W L WH G WR VWDUW WRGD D G KLV DWWRU H 6R , P JRL J WR RU DWWRU H V WR FRPH WR WKH D G , P JRL J WR DVN WKH FR UWURRP GHS W WKH RDWK WR 0U SOHD PD EH KLV DFFHSWD FH RI UHVSR VLELOLW DFFHSWHG D SOHD RI J LOW RW J LOW DV KH UDLVHG WKH &R UW FR FO GHV WKDW LW P VW SOHD N RZL JO WR DGPL LVWHU )O 0,& $(/ )/ 11 7 ( &2857 D DV DOZD V VHULR VO 0U D G KHUH WRGD '()(1'$17 ,1 7 ( &$6( $OO ULJKW IDOVH D VZHUV ZLOO JHW 6:251 $ G , ZLOO L IRUP R L PRUH WUR EOH GHUVWD G WKDW" 7 ( '()(1'$17 6 RWW HV DOOD 5 5 -8- 55 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R R VLU 'R R WKDW 7 ( &2857 GHUVWD G P R KDYH WR NHHS T HVWLR 6KR OG R ZD W WKH RSSRUW , ZLOO DIIRUG R 7 ( &2857 J LOW R LW HV 'R R FR V OW ZLWK R U 'R R GR W SRL W L WLPH R U SOHD GHUVWD G WKDW" R RU ZLVK WR FKDOOH JH WKH FLUF PVWD FHV R WKH ) ," 7 ( '()(1'$17 1R R U 7 ( &2857 R GHUVWD G WKDW E SOHD D G FR WL R WR DWWHPSW WR ZLWKGUDZ LW ZHUH L WHUYLHZHG E 'R ,I R U DWWRU H T HVWLR V RU DW D WKDW RSSRUW 7 ( '()(1'$17 ZKLFK PD EHIRUH D VZHUL J P R S SOHDVH WHOO PH D G , OO UHSKUDVH LW 0RVW LPSRUWD WO SULYDWHO R U YRLFH R RU L J ZLWK VH WH FL J PDL WDL L J R ULJKW IRUHYHU WR FKDOOH JH WKH FLUF PVWD FHV R U ZLOO JLYH GHU ZKLFK S R R U ZHUH L WHUYLHZHG" 7 ( '()(1'$17 7 ( &2857 J LOW 'R SOHD EHIRUH L IRUPDWLR HV R R R U R RU KDYH D RU FR FHU V WKDW 7 ( &2857 1R KHOSI O WR R U ZHUH R U GHIH VH" R RU $W WKH WLPH RI L WHUYLHZ ZLWK WKH ) , R U -D R DU 7 ( &2857 , ZDV R 7 ( '()(1'$17 6 RWW RW , ZDV DZDUH ZHUH DZDUH" HDK DOOD 5 5 -9- WK RW DZDUH WKDW O L J WR ) , L YHVWLJDWRUV ZDV D IHGHUDO FULPH" 7 ( '()(1'$17 H WHUHG R U DWWRU H V ZHUH DEOH WR UHYLHZ WKDW FR OG KDYH EHH 7 ( '()(1'$17 R 55 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R R U 7 ( &2857 R SOHG J LOW R U VH WH FL J PHPRUD G P DOVR VWDWHV WKDW EHIRUH FHUWDL ) , RIILFLDOV L YROYHG L T RWH WKH -D UHYHODWLR V WKDW FHUWDL DU WKH WK L WHUYLHZ ZHUH WKHPVHOYHV EHL J L YHVWLJDWHG IRU PLVFR G FW VHHN D RSSRUW LW WR ZLWKGUDZ H G T RWH R U SOHD L 'R R OLJKW RI WKRVH UHYHODWLR V" 7 ( '()(1'$17 7 ( &2857 , GR RW $OO ULJKW R U 1RZ R RU DJDL DW D WLPH , VKR OG KDYH VDLG WKLV EHIRUH , VWDUWHG DVNL J T HVWLR V N RZL J ZKDW , ZDV JRL J WR GR WR KDYH WKLV FROORT , YH PDGH DUUD JHPH WV IRU D SULYDWH URRP IRU DWWRU H V WR WDON DER W D 6R ZD W HYH WKR JK , YH WDNH LI DWWRU H V ZHOO R :R OG R 7 ( &2857 R LI WR VSHDN SULYDWHO DIIRUG 1R R U $OO ULJKW 7 ( '()(1'$17 , HDUV DSSRL WHG D GHIH GD W R U R WKDW RSSRUW R ZLWK LW R U DV OLNH WR GR WKDW" VHUYLFHV SURYLGHG E 7 ( &2857 LW R R U D VZHUV PEHU RI D VZHUV IURP , OO FHUWDL O 7 ( '()(1'$17 WKH D ZLWK D G RI WKHVH T HVWLR V D G ZD W WKDW RSSRUW WKH R E W R RU $UH R VDWLVILHG ZLWK WKH R U DWWRU H V" , DP FHUWDL VSHFLDO FLUF PVWD FHV L GHSH GH W DWWRU H UHYLHZ WKH GHIH GD W V ILOH , KDYH RYHU WR VSHDN ZLWK D D G FR G FW HFHVVDU UHVHDUFK WR UH GHU D VHFR G RSL LR IRU D GHIH GD W WKH &R UW WR FR VLGHU DSSRL WL J D L GHSH GH W DWWRU H 6 RWW DOOD 5 5 - 10 - 55 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R 'R R IRU ZD W R L WKLV FDVH WR JLYH R D VHFR G RSL LR " 7 ( '()(1'$17 , GR 7 ( &2857 R 'R RW R U IHHO WKDW FDSDEOH RI H WHUL J L WR D J LOW 'HFHPEHU VW , GR 7 ( &2857 R R R ZHUH FRPSHWH W D G SOHD ZKH R SOHG J LOW R " 7 ( '()(1'$17 DJDL VW R RU 'R R U R RU GHUVWD G WKH DW UH RI WKH FKDUJHV D G WKH FR VHT H FHV RI SOHDGL J J LOW " 7 ( '()(1'$17 7 ( &2857 &R WUHUDV , GR GHUVWD G R U R RU $ G WKDW ZDV FRYHUHG H WH VLYHO E - GJH , YH UHDG WKH WUD VFULSW $UH R FR WL L J WR DFFHSW UHVSR VLELOLW IRU R U IDOVH VWDWHPH WV" 7 ( '()(1'$17 , DP 7 ( &2857 R 'R R U VWLOO ZD W WR SOHDG J LOW ZD W PH WR SRVWSR H WKLV PDWWHU R U DWWRU H V I UWKHU R RU JLYH HLWKHU L R WKH FR UWURRP RU SULYDWHO D G SLFN D RWKHU GD FR IHUH FH" WR GR WKDW 7 ( '()(1'$17 7 ( &2857 D , DSSUHFLDWH WKDW $OO ULJKW )RU FR FHU V WKDW SRWH WLDO PDWHULDO ZDV 05 U RW SURYLGHG WR .(/1(5 7 ( &2857 1R R U DOOD E W DW IRU D VWDW V R R U DWWRU H V R U 'R R RU R KDYH PDWHULDO RU RWKHU UHOHYD W R " R RU $OO ULJKW 6 RWW R D FKD FH WR VSHDN ZLWK WKHLU RIILFH RU HOVHZKHUH $ G , P KDSS RU GR 'R 5 5 - 11 - 55 R FR WH G WKDW 0U 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R )O LV H WLWOHG WR D WR DGGLWLR DO L IRUPDWLR WKDW KDV RW EHH SURYLGHG R " 05 .(/1(5 1R 7 ( &2857 'R R U R R RU ZLVK WR VHHN D DGGLWLR DO L IRUPDWLR EHIRUH PRYL J IRUZDUG WR VH WH FL J" 05 .(/1(5 1R 7 ( &2857 WR ZDU 0U 05 'R )O 1R 7 ( &2857 05 EHOLHYH WKH ) , KDG D OHJDO REOLJDWLR R U ,V LW R RU R U FR WH WLR WKDW 0U )O ZDV WKH ) ," .(/1(5 1R 7 ( &2857 YLRODWHG E R R RU WKDW O L J WR WKH ) , ZDV D IHGHUDO FULPH" .(/1(5 H WUDSSHG E R U 'R R U R R RU EHOLHYH 0U WKH IDFW WKDW KH GLG )O V ULJKWV ZHUH RW KDYH D ODZ HU SUHVH W IRU WKH L WHUYLHZ" 7 ( '()(1'$17 1R 7 ( &2857 R 'R IDFW WKDW KH PD R U R RU EHOLHYH KLV ULJKWV ZHUH YLRODWHG E KDYH EHH WKH GLVV DGHG IURP KDYL J D ODZ HU SUHVH W IRU WKH L WHUYLHZ" 05 .(/1(5 7 ( &2857 0U )O FHUWDL ZHUH ,V LW 1R R U R RU 7KH VH WH FL J PHPRUD G P DOVR VWDWHV WKDW SOHG J LOW EHIRUH FHUWDL ) , RIILFLDOV L YROYHG L WKHPVHOYHV T RWH WKH -D DU UHYHODWLR V WKDW WK L WHUYLHZ EHL J L YHVWLJDWHG IRU PLVFR G FW R U FR WH WLR 6 RWW WKDW D DOOD 5 5 - 12 - PLVFR G FW E 55 H G T RWH D PHPEHU RI WKH ) , 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R UDLVHV D GHJUHH RI GR EW WKDW 0U )O L WH WLR DOO OLHG WR WKH ) ," 05 .(/1(5 7 ( &2857 L 1R R U R RU 7KH UHIHUH FHV WKDW , YH PH WLR HG WKDW DSSHDU R U VH WH FL J PHPRUD G P UDLVH VRPH FR FHU V R WKH &R UW $ G P T HVWLR DER W WKH FLUF PVWD FHV LV WKH SDUW RI KRZ LV UDLVL J WKRVH FR WH WLR V GHU ZKLFK 0U )O OLHG FR VLVWH W ZLWK DFFHSWD FH RI UHVSR VLELOLW " 05 .(/1(5 WKRVH SRL WV L FDVHV L L R U R RU WKH SUL FLSOH UHDVR WKH EULHI ZDV WR DWWHPSW WR GLVWL J LVK WKH WZR ZKLFK WKH 6SHFLDO &R L FDUFHUDWLR VHO V L YHVWLJDWLR WKH 3DSDGRSR ORV D G 9D ZKLFK WKH 6SHFLDO &R WKRVH GHIH GD WV GLG KDYH FR ZDV LPSRUWD W WR LGH WLI FLUF PVWD FHV GR EHJL FDVHV L H HUDO )O ZD D G ZH IHOW LW IRU WKH &R UW WKDW WKRVH DJJUDYDWL J RW H LVW L WKLV FDVH UHOHYD W WR VH WH FL J KDV EHH DFFHSWV UHVSR VLELOLW , WKL N VWD GV E WR R FOHDU IURP WKH WRGD KLV J LOW WKDW KH I OO SOHD ZKLFK ZDV PDGH N RZL J D G ZLOOI O FR G FW :H GLG WKL N WKHUH ZDV L IRUPDWLR SURFHVV WKDW VWULFWO ZDD ZDU HG D G WKH IDFW WKDW VHO D G OLHG D L J D G ZLOO EH FOHDU DJDL EDVHG R GHU KDV UHV OWHG VHO KDG SRL WHG R W DV DJJUDYDWL J IDFWRUV WKH IDFW WKDW WKRVH GHIH GD WV KDG EHH W ZH UDLVHG R U SURG FHG L R RU PLJKW ZD W WR VHH WR WKH T HVWLR RI WKH KLVWRU DOOD 5 5 - 13 - 55 U D G WKDW ZDV UHOHYD W D G FLUF PVWD FHV RI WKH FDVH IRU VH WH FL J S USRVHV 6 RWW WKH 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R 7KRVH DUH WKH UHDVR V WKDW ZDV L FO GHG 7 ( &2857 $OO ULJKW &R UW KDV VRPH FR FHU 05 W R FD GHUVWD G ZK WKH DIWHU .(/1(5 , FD 7 ( &2857 UHDGL J WKRVH SDVVDJHV L WKH VH WH FL J PHPR 05 R RU .(/1(5 :H DEVRO WHO GHUVWD G R U FR FHU V R U HV 7 ( &2857 $ G R UH JLYH PRUH WLPH WR ZKHWKHU ZLWKGUDZ 0U 05 L WH WLR DVNL J )O RW DVNL J IRU D SRVWSR HPH W WR R ZLVK WR ILOH D PRWLR V SOHD RI J LOW " .(/1(5 :H KDYH R L WH WLR WR ZLWKGUDZ WKH J LOW R U WR DWWHPSW WR SOHD R RU WR FR VLGHU WKDW D G WKH GHIH GD W KDV D G ZH UH FHUWDL O :H UH UHDG RW WR SURFHHG WR VH WH FL J 7 ( &2857 $OO ULJKW $ G R GR W HHG D I UWKHU WLPH WR WKL N DER W LW" 05 .(/1(5 7 ( &2857 ZHHN R $ G 05 )O R U .(/1(5 H SODL WKH ) , R -D FR FHU V R 7KH RWKHU S 6 RWW 5 5 - 14 - R U 0U WK E W WKH DOOD WKH ODVW R U SDUW DER W D R RU OL J T HVWLR IRU WKH UHFRUG ZK WKH ILOHG ZLWKL SOHD" 7KDW V FRUUHFW DU R RU RWKL J WKDW V EHH V J LOW 7 ( &2857 R RW WKH GRFNHW UDLVHV D DVSHFW RI 0U &D :H GR 55 )O , KDYH LV WKLV ZDV L WHUYLHZHG E FLWHG L 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R KLV VH WH FL J R PHPRUD G P LV GDWHG $ J VW WKH D G WKH -D 05 RSSRUW DU WK LV .(/1(5 LW FR I VLR R U WR DGGUHVV WKDW VSHFLILFDOO R RU R UHIHUH FH 7KD N R IRU WKH VRPH S EOLF 7KH RULJL DO GUDIW RI R U EULHI FLWHG WR WKH )' RULJL DOO 7KHUH V , WKL N WKHUH V EHH IRU WKH L WHUYLHZ RI 6SHFLDO $JH W 6WUR N D G FLWHG LW VSHFLILFDOO DFW DOO " RW KLJKOLJKWHG DW DOO HV DER W WKDW G WR WKH 0F&DEH PHPRUD G P D G ZH L WH GHG WR L FO GH WKRVH GRF PH WV ZLWK WKH ILOL J 3ULRU WR WKH ILOL J ZLWK WKH 6SHFLDO &R ZH VKDUHG D GUDIW FRS VHO V 2IILFH UHDOO ZDV WR PDNH V UH WKDW ZH ZHUH WKH SURWHFWLYH RUGHU ZR OG SHUKDSV RWKHU UHDVR UHDFWLR IRU WZR S USRVHV W L FO GL J D ZKLFK WKH ZDV JH HUDOO WR WKL J FRYHUHG E WKH 6SHFLDO &R GHU VHDO VHO V 2IILFH GLVF VVHG LW ZLWK 0F&DEH PHPRUD G P IURP WKH EULHI D G WR VLPSO R U SRVLWLR D G WKH WKH ILOL J V D G DVNHG WKDW ZH FR VLGHU UHPRYL J WKH 6WUR N LYH ZKLFK GHUVWD G ZKDW WKHLU PLJKW EH WR SDUWLF ODU SRL WV L $IWHU WKDW 2 H REMHFWHG WR R U L FO GL J KDYH WR EH UHGDFWHG RU ILOHG IUD NO RI R U EULHI DV FRRSHUDWL J L D G WKH FLWH WR WKHP WKH L YHVWLJDWLR ZH DFFHGHG WR WKDW :H WKH VH W WKHP D GUDIW RI WKH IRRW RWHV WKDW ZH ZR OG VH WR FLWH WR WKH UHOHYD W GRF PH WV IRRW RWHV VSHFLILFDOO DV GUDIWHG E D G V DOOD WKRVH DPHG WKH 0F&DEH PHPRUD G P DPHG WKH 6WUR N 6 RWW D G RULJL DOO 5 5 - 15 - 55 VSHFLILFDOO 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R VR WKDW LW ZR OG EH FOHDU WR WKH UHDGHU ZKLFK GRF PH WV ZH ZHUH WDONL J DER W 7KH 6SHFLDO &R VHO V 2IILFH UHT HVWHG WKDW ZH FKD JH WKRVH FLWDWLR V WR VLPSO WKH )' D G GDWH ZLWKR W WKH UHT HVW ZD UHIHUH FH WKH PHPRUD G P D G GDWH D G D G , ZR OG DGG ZR OG RI WKH 6SHFLDO &R 05 WKL J WKDW R 9$1 - GJH 5$&. FR 9$1 VHO L ZDV D WKH E W ZH UHVSHFWHG WKH SUHIHUH FHV $OO ULJKW 7 ( &2857 05 $ REMHFWLR WR ZKDW FR VHO ZLVK WR DGG WR WKDW" M VW R H SRL W RI FODULILFDWLR 6 UH 5$&. :KLFK LV ZKDW ZH YH UHSUHVH WHG WR GHIH VH WHUPV RI ZKDW WR D G WKL J L WKH 6WUR N RW WR L FO GH D G VKR OG EH L FO GHG L :KDW ZH DVNHG ZDV WKDW WKH GRF PH WV EHFD VH FR VLGHUDWLR V L ZKDW ZH L GLFDWHG D G WKH 0F&DEH PHPRUD G P WKDW WKR JKW ZDV UHOHYD W FD V EPLVVLR V D VHO V 2IILFH 7 ( &2857 $ :H DFFHGHG WR WKDW RW KDYH DFFHGHG WR LW LI L ZH IHOW LW ZDV PLVOHDGL J VDLG" DPHV DV WKH &R UW LV DZDUH WKHLU RW DWWDFK WKH WKHUH DUH RWKHU WKH PDWHULDO WKHUH WKDW ZH ZD WHG WR EH VH VLWLYH WR 7 ( &2857 $OO ULJKW 7KD N R &R VHO 7KD N R ERWK 0U )O D WKL J HOVH R U SOHD RI J LOW " WULFN R ,I R 6 RWW 7KLV LV R ZD W WR GLVF VV ZLWK PH DER W RW D WULFN , P ZD W VRPH WLPH WR ZLWKGUDZ DOOD 5 5 - 16 - 55 RW WU L J WR R U SOHD RU WU 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R WR ZLWKGUDZ R U SOHD SURFHHG EHFD VH DFFHSW R , OO JLYH R WKDW WLPH ,I DUH J LOW RI WKLV RIIH VH R ZD W WR , ZLOO IL DOO R U SOHD 7 ( '()(1'$17 7 ( &2857 , ZR OG OLNH WR SURFHHG $OO ULJKW HFD VH R R U R RU DUH J LOW RI WKLV RIIH VH" 7 ( '()(1'$17 7 ( &2857 HV R U $OO ULJKW H WHUHG KLV J LOW R RU , DP VDWLVILHG WKDW 0U SOHD ZKLOH FRPSHWH W D G FDSDEOH GHUVWRRG DW WKDW WLPH WKH H DW UH RI WKH FKDUJHV DJDL VW KLP D G WKH FR VHT H FHV RI SOHDGL J J LOW DYL J FDUHI OO WKH PDWHULDOV SURYLGHG WR WKH &R UW L WKLV FDVH PDWHULDOV UHYLHZHG GHU VHDO D G L FDPHUD RI J LOW $V V FK D G , OO WKHUHIRUH :KDW , ZR OG R WKHUH V PRYH R R UHDVR , FR FO GH WKDW V SOHD WR UHMHFW KLV J LOW GR DW WKLV SRL W D IHZ T HVWLR V DER W WKH SUHWULDO DYH )O SOHD WR WKH VH WH FL J SKDVH RUPDOO SUHVH WH FH UHSRUW UHDG DOO L FO GL J WKRVH WKHUH ZDV D G UHPDL V WR EH D IDFW DO EDVLV IRU 0U DVN )O R KDG D RSSRUW 0U )O LV WR VWULNH WKDW LW WKH WR UHDG WKH SUHVH WH FH UHSRUW" 7 ( '()(1'$17 7 ( &2857 , KDYH 'LG R 7 ( '()(1'$17 7 ( &2857 'R HV R UHDG LW" R U R RU KDYH D T HVWLR V WKDW PH DER W LW" 6 RWW DOOD 5 5 - 17 - 55 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R R ZD W WR DVN 7 ( '()(1'$17 7 ( &2857 WR VD 7R R $W VRPH SRL W , OO JLYH LI R R D GHFLGHG R U DWWRU H V WKHUH DUH D W EHOLHYH VR $OO ULJKW VRPHWKL J LW DJDL VW , GR R )O D LW KDV , ZR OG W ZD W WR VD FULPL DO KLVWRU R SULRU FULPL DO KLVWRU PR WKV D RW KROG WKL J WKH DGYLVRU 7KLV LV D ILYH FDWHJRU RW .(/1(5 7 ( &2857 1R R U J LGHOL H UD JH LV HDU VWDW WRU &R D G , HUR PR WKV IHOR $ G WKH DGYLVRU HDU WR WKUHH , P JRL J WR UHT HVW WKDW EHFD VH , ZD W WR RI $UH WKHUH VHO" R RU $OO ULJKW V SHUYLVHG UHOHDVH LV R H 7KLV D G WKH DGYLVRU REMHFWLR V WR WKH PDWKHPDWLFDO FDOF ODWLR V 05 ZR OG OLNH REMHFWLR V WR WKH PDWKHPDWLFDO FDOF ODWLR V HPSKDVL H WKDW ZRUG WR VL GLG R , P JRL J WR L T LUH ZKHWKHU RU LV D WRWDO RIIH VH OHYHO RI 0U RSSRUW LI R HDUV JH WOHPH IRU WKH UHFRUG UD JH IRU KDYH D VHDW D G DJDL WKH RULJL DO M GJH ZKR DFFHSWHG WKH SOHD L EHFD VH , ZDV W WKH ILUVW L VWD FH , ZD W WR WDON DER W WKH SOHD DJUHHPH W D G WKH IDFWV WKDW DUH UHOHYD W IRU WKH &R UW V FR VLGHUDWLR KDYH WR VWD G WKHUH L R FD .(/1(5 7 ( &2857 RI W R JH WOHPH IUR W RI PH ZKLOH , GR WKDW GR W DOO ULJKW KDYH D VHDW 05 &R D G 7KD N 6 UH RI WKH L IRUPDWLR 8 6 R 0U R U )O DJUHHG WR SOHDG J LOW PDNL J IDOVH VWDWHPH WV &RGH 6HFWLR 6 RWW R RU H VWDWHG WKDW KH DOOD 5 5 - 18 - 55 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R L WR YLRODWLR GHUVWRRG WKH PD LP P VH WH FH LV ILYH V SHUYLVHG UHOHDVH HDUV LPSULVR PH W D G D HUR WR VL DIWHU D WZR SRL W UHG FWLR IRU DFFHSWD FH RI UHVSR VLELOLW RI D G KH V L D G , EHOLHYH KH KDV LV RW EL GL J R 0U WKH &R UW D G WKDW WKH &R UW ZDV T RWH PRWLR . EH WR GHUVWRRG D G DJUHHG WKDW WKH JUD W D GRZ ZDUG GHSDUW UH S UV D W WR 6HFWLR H G T RWH D FULPL DO KLVWRU R SULRU FULPL DO KLVWRU LGHOL H IL H UD JH LV DWWHVWHG WKDW KH LGHOL H FDOF ODWLR PR WKV LV EDVH RIIH VH OHYHO LV FDWHJRU $ G HYH HDUV IL H 7KH SDUWLHV DOVR DJUHHG WKDW KLV UD JH ZDV WKUHH HYH )O DOVR LGHOL HV ZHUH RW REOLJDWHG WR LI WKH JRYHU PH W ILOHV D RI WKH 6H WH FL J LGHOL HV LI WKH SDUWLHV DJUHH WKDW WKHUH VKR OG WKHUH VKR OG EH D FHUWDL VH WH FH WKH &R UW V RW RW REOLJDWHG WR DFFHSW WKDW UHFRPPH GDWLR 0U &R )O DOVR DJUHHG WR FRRSHUDWH ZLWK WKH 6SHFLDO VHO V 2IILFH D G DJUHHG WKDW D UHI VDO WR FRRSHUDWH ZLOO FR VWLW WH D EUHDFK RI WKH SOHD DJUHHPH W H I UWKHU DJUHHG WKDW D EUHDFK RI WKH SOHD DJUHHPH W GRHV RW FR VWLW WH D EDVLV IRU KLP WR ZLWKGUDZ KLV SOHD 6SHFLDO &R VHO V 2IILFH DJUHHG WR ILOH D GHSDUW UH PRWLR S UV D W WR 6HFWLR . GHWHUPL HG WKDW 0U )O L WKH L YHVWLJDWLR 5HOHYD W KHUH 6 RWW RI WKH 8 6 T RWH 6H WH FL J LGHOL HV LI LW SURYLGHG V EVWD WLDO DVVLVWD FH H G T RWH 0U DOOD )O DOVR DJUHHG WKDW 5 5 - 19 - 55 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R T RWH VH WH FL J L WKLV FDVH PD FRRSHUDWH KDYH EHH EH GHOD HG WLO KLV HIIRUWV WR FRPSOHWHG DV GHWHUPL HG E WKH JRYHU PH W VR WKDW WKH &R UW ZLOO KDYH WKH EH HILW RI DOO UHOHYD W L IRUPDWLR EHIRUH D VH WH FH LV LPSRVHG H G T RWH :LWK UHVSHFW WR WKH 6WDWHPH W RI )DFWV J LOW 0U )O DJUHHG WR WKH IROORZ IDFWV DGYLVRU D G V UURJDWH IRU WKH 7U PS &DPSDLJ WHDP ZKH H VHUYHG DV D D G WKH WUD VLWLR H ODWHU VHUYHG DV WKH 1DWLR DO 6HF ULW 3UHVLGH W 7U PS VWDUWL J R PDWHULDOO -D DU KH SOHDGHG $GYLVRU IRU WK 0U )O IDOVH VWDWHPH WV D G RPLVVLR V G UL J D -D PDGH DU WK L WHUYLHZ ZLWK WKH ) , $W WKDW WLPH WKH ) , KDG D RSH L YHVWLJDWLR 5 VVLD V HIIRUWV WR L WHUIHUH ZLWK WKH HOHFWLR T RWH SUHVLGH WLDO $V SDUW RI WKDW L YHVWLJDWLR WKH FDPSDLJ DW UH RI D D G 5 VVLD FRRUGL DWLR 0U OL NV D G H G T RWH )O H G T RWH T RWH WKH ) , L YHVWLJDWHG EHWZHH WKH 7U PS ZKHWKHU WKHUH ZDV D EHWZHH WKH WZR DGPLWWHG WKDW KLV IDOVH VWDWHPH WV RU RPLVVLR V LPSHGHG D G KDG D PDWHULDO LPSDFW R , DVN T HVWLR V RI WKH JRYHU PH W KRZ KH LPSHGHG WKH L YHVWLJDWLR WKH L YHVWLJDWLR WKH L YHVWLJDWLR , WKH 5 VVLD 2 H D G ZKH HHG WR N RZ D VZHUV DER W D G ZKDW WKH PDWHULDO LPSDFW R ZDV 7KH 6WDWHPH W RI )DFWV I UWKHU GHVFULEHV 0U VWDWHPH WV L WR 0U )O IDOVHO $PEDVVDGRU 6HUJH 6 RWW DOOD VWDWHG WKDW KH GLG .LVO DN WR UHIUDL 5 5 - 20 - 55 )O 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R IURP V IDOVH RW DVN T RWH HVFDODWL J WKH VLW DWLR 2EDPD $GPL LVWUDWLR 2 KDG LPSRVHG 'HFHPEHU WKH ( HF WLYH 2UGHU WK H G T RWH L SR WK UHVSR VH WR VD FWLR V WKH 5 VVLD WKH 3UHVLGH W 2EDPD VLJ HG ZKLFK ZDV WR WDNH HIIHFW R 7KH H HF WLYH RUGHU D R 'HFHPEHU WKH FHG VD FWLR V DJDL VW 5 VVLD DV D UHVSR VH WR 5 VVLD V L WHUIHUH FH L WKH SUHVLGH WLDO HOHFWLR 2 0U 'HFHPEHU WKH )O 7KH WK H W GD WKH DPEDVVDGRU FR WDFWHG 0U )O FDOOHG D VH LRU WUD VLWLR RIILFLDO ZKR ZDV ZLWK RWKHU VH LRU RIILFLDOV DW WKH 0DU D /DJR 5HVRUW 7KH GLVF VVHG WKH VD FWLR V D G WKHLU VKDUHG GHVLUH WKDW 5 VVLD RW HVFDODWH WKH VLW DWLR ,PPHGLDWHO DPEDVVDGRU VLW DWLR DIWHU WKLV SKR H FDOO T RWH D G R O 6KRUWO T RWH )O IROORZ UHVSR G L DOVR IDOVHO ZR OG 'HFHPEHU LPSRVHG E 2 WKH )O H G T RWH VSRNH DJDL WKH FDOO H G T RWH T RWH L RW UHPHPEHU D ZKLFK WKH DPEDVVDGRU PRGHUDWHG LWV UHVSR VH WR WKRVH )O WK RW WDNH UHWDOLDWRU HU VWDWHG WKDW KH GLG S FR YHUVDWLR VD FWLR V DV D UHV OW RI 0U 0U FDOOHG WKH RW HVFDODWH WKH D UHFLSURFDO PD DIWHU WKLV FR YHUVDWLR VWDWHG WKDW 5 VVLD KDG 2 )O D G UHT HVWHG WKDW 5 VVLD ZLWK WKH VH LRU RIILFLDO WR UHSRUW R 0U 0U V UHT HVW 3UHVLGH W 3 WL PHDV UHV L H G T RWH D R FHG WKDW KH UHVSR VH WR WKH VD FWLR V 3UHVLGH W 2EDPD 'HFHPEHU 6 RWW WKH DPEDVVDGRU FDOOHG 0U DOOD 5 5 - 21 - 55 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R )O WR L IRUP KLP WKDW 5 VVLD KDG FKRVH FDOO 0U )O RW WR UHWDOLDWH $IWHU WKLV VSRNH ZLWK VH LRU PHPEHUV RI WKH WUD VLWLR DER W WKH FR YHUVDWLR D G 5 VVLD V GHFLVLR WHDP RW WR HVFDODWH WKH VLW DWLR 7KUHH 0U )O DOVR PDGH VWDWHPH WV KH PDGH WR 5 VVLD D G VHYHUDO RWKHU FR UHVRO WLR V EPLWWHG E &R 6HSWHPEHU FLO R 0U )O FR WU D RI WKH FR 2 WROG WKH ) , WKDW KH KDG R O WKH YRWH D G WKDW KH GLG WULHV WDNH D SDUWLF ODU DFWLR 'HFHPEHU DVNHG WKH RW UHT HVW WKDW R WKH (J SW V EPLWWHG D UHVRO WLR &R FLO R 7KH UHVRO WLR D FR WDFW RIILFLDOV IURP IRUHLJ OHDU T RWH D G WR T RWH JRYHU PH WV YHU H W GD VH LRU )O H G WR L FO GL J 5 VVLD WR WKH UHVRO WLR L IO H FH WKRVH JRYHU PH WV WR GHOD YRWH RU GHIHDW WKH UHVRO WLR 7KDW VDPH GD 6HF ULW WKH WHDP GLUHFWHG 0U ZKHUH HDFK JRYHU PH W VWRRG R T RWH 7KH 8 1 WKH UHVRO WLR G PHPEHU RI WKH WUD VLWLR T RWH WKH LVV H RI ,VUDHOL WHUULWRULHV FLO ZDV VFKHG OHG WR YRWH R 'HFHPEHU WKH WR WKH ZDV DLPHG DW SUHYH WL J ,VUDHOL VHWWOHPH WV D G 3DOHVWL LD T RWH T RWH H G T RWH VHWWOHPH WV 2 WULHV UHJDUGL J D (J SW WR WKH 8 LWHG 1DWLR V 6HF ULW 8 LWHG 1DWLR V 6HF ULW &R DER W FDOOV H G T RWH V SRVLWLR V R UHVRO WLR T RWH 0U )O DOOD WKH H G T RWH FR WDFWHG WKH DPEDVVDGRU DER W WKH YRWH D G L IRUPHG KLP WKDW WKH L FRPL J DGPL LVWUDWLR 6 RWW H G 5 5 - 22 - 55 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R ZDV RSSRVHG WR WKH UHVRO WLR RU GHOD H UHT HVWHG WKDW 5 VVLD YRWH DJDL VW WKH UHVRO WLR 2 'HFHPEHU UG 0U )O DJDL VSRNH WR WKH DPEDVVDGRU ZKR L IRUPHG KLP WKDW 5 VVLD ZR OG WKH UHVRO WLR )R U LI LW FDPH WR D YRWH )L DOO 0U )O PDGH IDOVH VWDWHPH WV RU RPLVVLR V UHJDUGL J KLV FR WDFWV ZLWK IRUHLJ VSHFLILFDOO RW YRWH DJDL VW WKH 5HS EOLF RI 7 UNH ZKH JRYHU PH WV ILOL J GRF PH WV ZLWK WKH 'HSDUWPH W RI - VWLFH S UV D W WR WKH )RUHLJ 5HJLVWUDWLR 2 $FW 0DUFK FRPPR O UHIHUUHG WR DV )$5$ WK 0U S UV D W WR WKH )RUHLJ )O ILOHG P OWLSOH GRF PH WV $JH WV 5HJLVWUDWLR KH PDGH IDOVH VWDWHPH WV RU RPLVVLR V E FRPSD WKH )O , WHO $JH WV UR S $FW , WKH ILOL JV VWDWL J WKDW KLV , FRUSRUDWHG GLG RW N RZ ZKHWKHU RU WKH H WH W WR ZKLFK 7 UNH ZDV L YROYHG L KLV FRPSD IRU WKH SUL FLSOH EH HILW RI 7 UNH SHUIRUPHG H G T RWH V SHUYLVHG T RWH ZKH DSSURYHG L IDFW D SURMHFW KH D G 7 UNLVK RIILFLDOV KDG D G GLUHFWHG WKH ZRUN KLV FRPSD SHUIRUPHG 0U FRPSD )O DOVR PDGH IDOVH VWDWHPH WV E V 7 UNH SURMHFW ZDV T RWH VWDWL J WKDW KLV IRF VHG R LPSURYL J 8 6 E VL HVV RUJD L DWLR V FR ILGH FH UHJDUGL J GRL J E VL HVV ZLWK 7 UNH WKDW ZDV H G T RWH )L DOO S EOLVKHG L ZKH 0U WKH )O LOO R 6 RWW DOOD RW WKH SULPDU S USRVH PDGH D IDOVH VWDWHPH W WKDW D RS HG KH 1RYHPEHU DW KLV 5 5 - 23 - 55 WK ZDV ZULWWH 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R RZ L LWLDWLYH ZKH DW LWV GLUHFWLR LW ZDV DFW DOO D G ZULWWH IRU 7 UNH V EH HILW GHU LWV V SHUYLVLR $W WKH WLPH WKH 7 UNLVK RIILFLDOV ZHUH GLUHFWL J D G V SHUYLVL J WKLV ZRUN DWLR DO VHF ULW 0U )O ZDV DOVR VHUYL J DV D VH LRU RIILFLDO R WKH 7U PS &DPSDLJ :LWK UHVSHFW WR WKH VH WH FL J T HVWLR V WKDW WKH &R UW HHGV WR IRF V R 8 6 D G UHVROYH WRGD &RGH VHFWLR D WKH &R UW WKH &R UW P VW LPSRVH D VH WH FH WKDW LW IL HV V IILFLH W E W RW JUHDWHU WKD UHIOHFW WKH VHULR V HVV RI WKH FULPH D G SURWHFW WKH S EOLF , S UV D W WR 7LWOH HFHVVDU DIIRUG DGHT DWH GHWHUUH FH DPR J RWKHU WKL JV GHWHUPL L J WKH SDUWLF ODU VH WH FH WR EH LPSRVHG &R UW P VW FR VLGHU VHYHUDO IDFWRUV DV VHW IRUWK L &RGH WR D 7KRVH IDFWRUV L FO GH R H WKH FLUF PVWD FHV RI WKH RIIH VH D G WKH KLVWRU RI WKH GHIH GD W WZR WKH LVKPH W 8 6 DW UH D G D G FKDUDFWHULVWLFV HHG IRU WKH VH WH FH WR UHIOHFW WKH VHULR V HVV RI WKH RIIH VH SURYLGH M VW S 7LWOH WKH WR SURPRWH UHVSHFW IRU WKH ODZ D G WKUHH DIIRUG DGHT DWH GHWHUUH FH WKH IR U HHG IRU WKH VH WH FH WR WKH HHG LI D IRU WKH VH WH FH WR SURWHFW WKH S EOLF IURP I UWKHU FULPHV RI WKH GHIH GD W ILYH WKH HHG FRUUHFWLR DO WUHDWPH W VH WH FL J UD JH L LI D VL D G D WR SURYLGH WKH GHIH GD W ZLWK WKH VH WH FHV DYDLODEOH DSSOLFDEOH SROLF 8 LWHG 6WDWHV 6H WH FL J LGHOL HV VWDWHPH WV VHW IRUWK VHYH WKH ZDUUD WHG VH WH FH GLVSDULWLHV DPR J VLPLODUO 6 RWW DOOD 5 5 - 24 - 55 WKH 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R HHG WR DYRLG VLW DWHG GHIH GD WV D G HLJKW WKH HHG LI D WR SURYLGH UHVWLW WLR WR YLFWLPV 7KH SURFHVV LV KLJKO WKHVH IDFWRUV DUH IDFWRUV L GLYLG DOL HG RW UHOHYD W L 0U $V V FK )O V FDVH D G VRPH L FO GL J WKH VHULR V HVV RI WKH FULPH HPSKDVL HV D G WKH KLVWRU ZHLJK YHU VRPH RI ZKLFK WKH &R UW D G FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI WKH GHIH GD W KHDYLO 7KLV LV D YHU VHULR V RIIH VH $ KLJK UD NL J VH LRU RIILFLDO RI WKH JRYHU PH W PDNL J IDOVH VWDWHPH WV WR WKH )HGHUDO UHD :KLWH RI , YHVWLJDWLR ZKLOH R WKH SK VLFDO SUHPLVHV RI WKH R VH 7KH &R UW ZLOO DOVR FR VLGHU WKH GHIH GD W V DFFHSWD FH RI UHVSR VLELOLW D G KLV V EVWD WLDO DVVLVWD FH L L YHVWLJDWLR V PRWLR , 0U )O V FDVH VHYHUDO WKH JRYHU PH W KDV ILOHG D IRU D GRZ ZDUG GHSDUW UH S UV D W WR 6HFWLR 6H WH FL J LGHOL HV 7KH PHPRUD G P VWDWHV WKDW 0U SURYLGHG V EVWD WLDO DVVLVWD FH WR FHUWDL :KH GHSDUW RW REOLJDWHG WR GR VR GHIH GD W WR D ORZHU VH WH FH WKD LGHOL HV &R UW PD , GHWHUPL L J ZKHWKHU D UHG FWLR GHIH GD W V DVVLVWD FH UHOLDELOLW WKH WU WKI O HVV RI WKH GHIH GD W V DVVLVWD FH RI WKH GHIH GD W V DVVLVWD FH 6 RWW DOOD 5 5 - 25 - D 55 )O WKH &R UW PD D G VH WH FH WKH FR WHPSODWHG E FR VLGHU WKH VLJ LILFD FH D G RI WKH L YHVWLJDWLR V WKH JRYHU PH W ILOHV V FK D PHPRUD G P WKH &R UW V . WKH LV ZDUUD WHG WKH VHI O HVV RI WKH FRPSOHWH HVV WKH D G DW UH D G H WH W JDL V RU L M U 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R WKH GHIH GD W PD KDYH H G UHG DV D UHV OW RI KLV DVVLVWD FH WLPHOL HVV RI WKH GHIH GD W V DVVLVWD FH D G WKH DPR J RWKHU FR VLGHUDWLR V 0U )O V WRWDO RIIH VH OHYHO LV FULPL DO KLVWRU KLV FULPL DO KLVWRU WKH DSSOLFDEOH L FDUFHUDWLR LGHOL H UD JH LV ZLWK R H WR WKUHH $OO WKDW EHL J VDLG DV , YH VDLG IR U ILYH FDWHJRU HUR WR VL LGHOL HV WLPHV 1RZ ULJKW 6HFWLR . DUH DGYLVRU 7KH &R UW FR OG VH WH FH WKH LGHOL HV PRWLR , G OLNH WR KHDU IURP WKH JRYHU PH W ILUVW :R OG R FRPH IRUZDUG R U FROOHDJ HV FD $ G DJDL MRL , P PDWWHUV WKDW VKR OG UHVSHFW 7KHUHIRUH PR WKV RI DJDL GHIH GD W WR D VH WH FH DERYH RU EHORZ WKH RWZLWKVWD GL J D LV R &R VHO LI WKH )O $ G ZKDWHYHU WU L J WR L WU GH R WKH S EOLF UHFRUG R U UHVLVWD FH WR D VZHU D T HVWLR ,V 0U DOO WR WKH PLFURSKR H ZLVK WR RW L WH WLR DOO RW EH R R RWKHU HDUV RI V SHUYLVHG UHOHDVH WKH VL $ G KDYL J VR , ZLOO DOO ULJKW VWLOO FRRSHUDWL J ZLWK D G SURYLGL J DVVLVWD FH WR WKH JRYHU PH W" 05 9$1 H HUDO )O 5$&. LV FR WL R U R RU LW UHPDL V D SRVVLELOLW L J WR FRRSHUDWH ZLWK WKH JRYHU PH W DW WKLV WLPH 7 ( &2857 05 9$1 7 ( &2857 $OO ULJKW 5$&. HV ,W V D SRVVLELOLW " R U $OO ULJKW 6 RWW WKDW DOOD R RU $ G WKH UHDVR 5 5 - 26 - 55 , DVN WKDW LV 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R EHFD VH DV FRRSHUDWLR R N RZ D G PRVW SHRSOH GR W N RZ DJUHHPH WV DUH FR G FWHG L WKH S EOLF GRHV L GLYLG DOV W UHDOO PRVW RI WKHVH VHDOHG FR UWURRPV N RZ D ORW DER W FRRSHUDWLR $ G LW V IRU WKDW UHDVR HIIRUWV E RW IRU WKDW UHDVR E W WKH FR UWV DUH UHO FWD W WR SURFHHG WR VH WH FL J WLO FRRSHUDWLR KDV EHH FRJH W UHDVR V I OO FRPSOHWHG PRUH RIWH HFD VH WKH &R UW ZD WV WR EH L OHVV D G WKD RW IRU D SRVLWLR WR HYDO DWH VRPHR H V HIIRUWV WR DVVLVW WKH JRYHU PH W DG , WDNH 0U D G )O WKH SOHD SUREDEO VRPHWKL J OLNH FRRSHUDWL J DUJ DEO 1RZ DOR J WKHVH OL HV DV , VD WKH PRUH KHOS , ZR OG KDYH KDG D GLVF VVLR L R HYHU , SUREDEO FDVH L ZLWK ZR OG KDYH VDLG ZKLFK VRPHR H LV DVVLVW WKH JRYHU PH W WKH PRUH R R UVHOI DW WKH WLPH RI VH WH FL J , PDNH R SURPLVHV DER W WKDW , PHD FR FHLYDEO WKH &R UW FR OG WKD N VRPHR H DW WKH H G RI WKHLU FRRSHUDWLR DIWHU PR WKV RU WKH PD LP P SRVVLELOLW , GR R LW H WHUHG WKH E W WKDW V D W , ZD W SHRSOH WR KDYH WR KHOS WKHPVHOYHV DW WKH WLPH RI 7KDW V ZK KDV WHVWLILHG L D G VH WH FH VRPHR H WR W UHFDOO HYHU GRL J WKDW PRUH RIWH WLO WKH JRYHU PH W VD V J LOW WKD N D G , WHOO SHRSOH WKDW WKH EHVW RSSRUW VH WH FL J HDUV D G VD WKLV SHUVR UD G - U WKHUH V WKD RU RW WKH &R UW ZLOO ZDLW LV IL LVKHG WKHUH KDYH EHH RWKL J HOVH KH FD WKLV SHUVR SOHDV RI GR WR KHOS W WKHUH V VWLOO D OLNHOLKRRG WKDW KH FR OG KHOS FRUUHFW" 6 RWW DOOD 5 5 - 27 - 55 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R V WKR JK 05 9$1 5$&. $ G R U R RU OHW PH FODULI WKDW SRL W 7 ( &2857 05 9$1 6 UH 5$&. :KLFK LV WKH GHWHUPL DWLR WKH JRYHU PH W WR SURFHHG LV IRU D R H EDVHG R WKH WRWDOLW GHSDUW UH R O PEHU RI UHDVR V ZKLFK LV :H EHOLHYH WKDW LW GLG PHULW WKH ILOL J RI D PRWLR D G ZH PDGH D V EPLVVLR 5HODWHG WR WKDW LV WKH SDWK RI RI WKH DVVLVWD FH WKDW WKH GHIH GD W KDG SURYLGHG DW WKDW SRL W V EVWD WLDO DVVLVWD FH L R EDVHG R WKH DVVLVWD FH KH SURYLGHG IRU D GRZ ZDUG V PPDUL L J WKDW WKH JRYHU PH W V YLHZ RI E W WKH RW DW UH RI WKH L YHVWLJDWLR V WKDW KH SURYLGHG WKDW WKH GHIH GD W KDG SURYLGHG WKH YDVW PDMRULW WKDW FR OG EH FR VLGHUHG VR L RI FRRSHUDWLR RUGHU WR I OO SRVLWLR L IRUP WKH &R UW WR FR VLGHU WKH YDVW PDMRULW FRRSHUDWLR WKH &R UW ZDV L RI L GLFWPH W LMD D RW M VW WKH E W WKH SRWH WLDO EH HILW RI WKDW FRRSHUDWLR ZH G OLNH WR EUL J WR WKH &R UW V DWWH WLR VHDOHG L 5DILHNLD WKH (DVWHU $ G $ G WKDW ZH M VW KDG D 'LVWULFW RI 9LUJL LD FKDUJL J D G (NLP $OSWHNL ZLWK YDULR V YLRODWLR V D G WKH GHIH GD W SURYLGHG V EVWD WLDO DVVLVWD FH WR WKH DWWRU H V L WKH (DVWHU 'LVWULFW RI 9LUJL LD L REWDL L J WKDW FKDUJL J GRF PH W 7 ( &2857 L GLFWHG L $OO ULJKW &R OG WKH GHIH GD W KDYH EHH WKDW L GLFWPH W" &R OG KH KDYH EHH L GLFWPH W" 6 RWW DOOD 5 5 - 28 - 55 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R FKDUJHG L WKDW 05 WKH UHDVR FDVH 9$1 5$&. $ G R U IRU WKDW LV WKDW L R RU WKH D VZHU LV HV D G WKH 6WDWHPH W RI 2IIH VH L WKH GHIH GD W UHIHUV WR IDOVH VWDWHPH WV L ILOL J WKDW DUH SDUW RI WKH L GLFWPH W ILOHG L WKLV WKDW )$5$ WKH (DVWHU 'LVWULFW RI 9LUJL LD 7 ( &2857 LGH WLILHG DV RW PH WLR 05 $OO ULJKW $ $ G , FD LV WKH GHIH GD W DVV PH WKDW WKH SHUVR FRUUHFW RU ZR OG R UDWKHU WKDW" 9$1 5$&. R U R RU DWWRU H V IURP WKH (DVWHU KDYL J RW FR IHUUHG ZLWK 'LVWULFW RI 9LUJL LD , M VW ZD W WR EH VH VLWLYH DER W 7 ( &2857 , WKL N WKDW V IDLU R U D VZHU LV KH FR OG KDYH EHH 05 9$1 5$&. 7 ( &2857 H SRV UH L 05 PRPH W HV R U , WKL N WKDW V IDLU FKDUJHG L R RU $ G WKDW ZR OG KDYH EHH 5$&. R U R RU , EHOLHYH , EHOLHYH LW ZDV D FR VSLUDF EHOLHYH LV D ILYH HDU RIIH VH ZKLFK LV HLWKHU D ILYH VWDWHPH WV DER W LW ZKDW V WKH WKDW L GLFWPH W LI VRPHR H LV IR 9$1 R RU LI R OO JLYH PH D ZKLFK , ,W ZDV D YLRODWLR RU WH SHUWDL G J LOW " 8 6 & HDU RIIH VH GHU WKRVH IDOVH VWDWHPH WV R U WKDW L GLFWPH W RI 8 6 & D G IDOVH RZ WKDW , WKL N WR (NLP $OSWHNL D G , GR W EHOLHYH WKH GHIH GD W KDG H SRV UH WR WKH IDOVH VWDWHPH WV RI WKDW L GLYLG DO 7 ( &2857 &R OG WKH VH WH FHV KDYH EHH 6 RWW DOOD 5 5 - 29 - 55 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R U FR VHF WLYH WR R H D RWKHU" 05 9$1 5$&. 7 ( &2857 6R WKH H SRV UH ZR OG KDYH EHH ZR OG KDYH EHH LW ZR OG KDYH EHH ZR OG KDYH EHH 05 FODULI , EHOLHYH VR 5$&. HV $ G WKH H SRV UH WR 0U VLJ LILFD W KDG KH EHH 9$1 JUDYH )O R U L GLFWHG" R RU LI , PD M VW 7KDW V VLPLODU WR WKH H SRV UH IRU SOHDGL J J LOW WR 8 6 & 7 ( &2857 DOO 5LJKW ,W V D ILYH 05 9$1 HV 7 ( &2857 SH DOW 9$1 IRU &R 5$&. &R VHO 8 6 & R RU , G FODULI LV D WH 7H HDUV R WKDW WKH PD LP P HDU IHOR $OO ULJKW D G ILYH 7KD N DW WKLV SRL W DWWRU H DW WKLV SRL W VDLG 0U )O 7 ( '()(1'$17 7 ( &2857 R YH SDLG DWWH WLR 6 RWW R 7KD N R WR ZKDW WKH FRUUHFW" HV R U R RU , ZD W WR H V UH WKDW ZLWK VH WH FL J HDUV , P JRL J WR L YLWH EDFN DW WKLV SRL W D G KLV DWWRU H V 6R WRGD R RU VHO R U , ZD W WR WKD N )O R U SURFHHGL JV HV 7 ( &2857 0U RW PL LPL L J WKDW DW ( F VH PH R H VHFR G ULHI SD VH L 05 , P HDU IHOR 5$&. 7 ( &2857 ( DFWO R ZD W WR PRYH IRUZDUG 7KH JRYHU PH W V S EOLFO DOOD 5 5 - 30 - 55 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R ILOHG $GGH G P L $LG RI 6H WH FL J GHVFULSWLR IURP T RWH VHHNV WR SURYLGH D FRPSUHKH VLYH RI WKH EH HILW WKH JRYHU PH W KDV WK V IDU REWDL HG R U V EVWD WLDO DVVLVWD FH VRPH RI WKDW EH HILW PD T RWH D G WKDW V 7KHUH FR OG EH D H G T RWH RW EH I OO E W FD WLR V WKDW UHDOL HG DW WKLV WLPH RW GLIIHUH W IURP ZKDW FR HHG IRU I UWKHU FRRSHUDWLR H G VHO M VW VDLG IURP R 'LG HV R U R GHUVWD G WKDW" 7 ( '()(1'$17 , EHOLHYH , GHUVWD G WKDW R RU 7 ( &2857 EH $OO ULJKW $ G , GR W N RZ ZKDW WKDW FR OG E W , DFFHSW WKH JRYHU PH W V UHSUHVH WDWLR V L YROYH WKDW FDVH L ZKLFK R YH VSRNH 9LUJL LD LW FR OG L YROYH RWKHU PDWWHUV IRU ZLWK WKH JRYHU PH W L WHUYLHZV ZLWK WKH JRYHU PH W 7 ( '()(1'$17 7 ( &2857 R HV EHFD VH R YH KDG FRUUHFW" R U R RU $OO ULJKW YH DVNHG WR SURFHHG WR VH WH FL J DW WKLV WLPH D G IRU WKH &R UW WR DVVHVV R U FRRSHUDWLR D G ZKDW LPSDFW WKDW ZLOO KDYH R WKDW V D G LW FR OG R U GHVLUH WKH &R UW V VH WH FL J WR SURFHHG ZLWK VH WH FL J WRGD 7 ( '()(1'$17 7 ( &2857 D G V EVWD WLDO DVVLVWD FH HV R U $OO ULJKW LV UDUH RZ DUH KHOG L R YH KHDUG PH VD 1RUPDOO WKDW DOOD 5 5 - 31 - KDV H GHG WKHVH GLVF VVLR V ZH UH KDYL J VHDOHG FR UWURRPV ZLWK SHRSOH 6 RWW FRUUHFW" R RU VH WH FL J D FRRSHUDWL J GHIH GD W EHIRUH FRRSHUDWLR LV UHOHYD W D G 55 D G PRUH RIWH 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R WKD RW , PD ZHLJK L D G VD H SHFWHG RI WKLV GHIH GD W OHW V ZDLW EHFD VH PRUH LV D G DUJ DEO KH RU VKH VKR OG KDYH D FKD FH WR DUJ H IRU WKH I OO EH HILW RI WKDW DVVLVWD FH $ G LW V R O UHFRPPH GDWLR V FD IDLU EHFD VH WKH &R UW V 7KH &R UW KDV WR EH L FR VLGHU HYHU WKL J RZ RW ER D SRVLWLR G E WKH WR VD , WKH I OO H WH W RI D GHIH GD W V FRRSHUDWLR , FD W GR WKDW L R U FDVH EHFD VH EH UHT LUHG WR SURYLGH PRUH FRRSHUDWLR R 7 ( &2857 HV 6R R U LI R 'R R U DVVLVWD FH 7 ( &2857 'R VRPH ODWHU SRL W R )O GR H RU RW GR H R FD GR &R UW LPSRVHV WRGD R R RU W N RZ ZKDW WKDW ODWHU SRL W ZLOO HFD VH DW WKDW WLPH , FD D G , FD R 0U )O ZR OG UHFHLYH DIWHU DOOD 5 5 - 32 - WKHUH V VD 55 WKH RWKL J HOVH HYDO DWH HYHU WKL J WKDW R YH WKDW WKH VH WH FH WKH LI VH WH FL J SURFHHGV 6 RWW DW UH ZD W WR SRVWSR H WKLV D G FRPH EDFN DW D G , GR , KDYH WR FD WLR VH WH FH WKDW WKH &R UW ZLOO KDYH WR LPSRVH WKH JRYHU PH W LV VDWLVILHG WKDW 0U ZKLFK GHUVWD G WKDW" R U WKDW V IL H ZLWK PH ERRN LV FORVHG R UV HV ,I R RU GHUVWD GL J WKH WU H H WH W D G 7 ( '()(1'$17 EH FR OG WR WKH JRYHU PH W SURFHHG WR VH WH FL J WRGD R U SUHURJDWLYH D G R O D VH WH FH ZLWKR W I OO RI R GHUVWD G WKDW" 7 ( '()(1'$17 LV DUJ DEO PD RW EH WKH R U FRRSHUDWLR 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R H GV , GR W N RZ WKDW WR EH D IDFW , GR , GR W N RZ W KDYH WKH SURYHUELDO FU VWDO EDOO VH WH FL J ZLWK D RSH PL G , PHD ZKR N RZV" E W , DOZD V DSSURDFK D G , P I OO SUHSDUHG WR OLVWH WR WKH DWWRU H V D G WKH GHIH GD W D G FR VLGHU WKH I OO H WH W RI VRPHR H V FRRSHUDWLR , RWKHU ZRUGV WKHUH V RWKL J HOVH WKLV GHIH GD W FD 6WDWHV RI $PHULFD WKH WKH &R UW OLNHV WR EH L D SRVLWLR GR WR KHOS WKH 8 LWHG H V GR H HYHU WKL J WKDW KH FD WKH &R UW IRF VHV R WR VD ZKDW LPSDFW WKDW KDV GR $ G GHU WKH DGYLVRU LGHOL HV , P JRL J WR EH IUD N ZLWK VHULR V $V , VWDWHG )HGHUDO UHD :KLWH R VH WKH :KLWH UD NL J VHF ULW 7KLV FULPH LV YHU LW L YROYHV IDOVH VWDWHPH WV WR WKH RI , YHVWLJDWLR L R DJH WV R R VH L RIILFHU ZLWK WKH SUHPLVHV RI WKH WKH :HVW :L J E S WR WKDW SRL W EOHPLVKHG FDUHHU RI VHUYLFH WR KLV FR WU D KLJK KDG D 7KDW V D YHU VHULR V RIIH VH R N RZ , P JRL J WR WDNH L WR FR VLGHUDWLR HDUV RI PLOLWDU VHUYLFH D G VDFULILFH L WR FR VLGHUDWLR R JRL J D G , P JRL J WR WDNH WKH V EVWD WLDO DVVLVWD FH RI VHYHUDO VHYHUDO R JRL J L YHVWLJDWLR V WDNH L WR FR VLGHUDWLR E W R 1RW R O OLHG WR VH LRU RIILFLDOV L 7HDP D G $GPL LVWUDWLR 6 RWW E W , P JRL J WR DOVR WKH DJJUDYDWL J FLUF PVWD FHV DJJUDYDWL J FLUF PVWD FHV DUH VHULR V WKH ) , WKH GLG 5 5 - 33 - 55 R OLH WR WKH 7U PS 7UD VLWLR 7KRVH OLHV FD VHG WKH WKH DOOD D G WKH 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R 9LFH 3UHVLGH W (OHFW 6HFUHWDU L FRPL J &KLHI RI 6WDII WR OLH WR WKH $PHULFD SHRSOH WKH ) , DER W WKUHH GLIIHUH W WRSLFV VWDWHPH WV ZKLOH R D G WKH 3UHVV 0RUHRYHU R D G R PDGH WKRVH IDOVH ZHUH VHUYL J DV WKH 1DWLR DO 6HF ULW $GYLVRU WKH 3UHVLGH W RI WKH 8 LWHG 6WDWHV VHF ULW DLG , FD PRVW VH LRU R DJDL PDGH IDOVH VWDWHPH WV L P OWLSOH GRF PH WV ILOHG S UV D W WR WKH )RUHLJ $FW RI D IRUHLJ FR DWLR DO W PL LPL H WKDW 7ZR PR WKV ODWHU 5HJLVWUDWLR OLHG WR 6R WU DOO DOR J R ZHUH D $JH WV UHJLVWHUHG DJH W ZKLOH VHUYL J DV WKH 1DWLR DO 6HF ULW $GYLVRU WR WKH 3UHVLGH W RI WKH 8 LWHG 6WDWHV , PHD DUJ DEO RYHU KHUH VWD GV IRU FR WU R W FD RW DVV UH WKDW GHUPL HV HYHU WKL J WKLV IODJ L GLFDWL J R WKDW LI LI D G ZKH R U FRRSHUDWLR R SURFHHG WRGD R E W , P VROG R U R , RW UHFHLYH R WKDW DW YH FR FO GHG ZLWK FR OG EH L FDUFHUDWHG D VH WH FH PD RW KLGL J P ZLOO W , KDYH WR DOVR WHOO VH WH FH RI L FDUFHUDWLR R U I UWKHU FRRSHUDWLR WLPH WKD R WKH JRYHU PH W VD V ,W FR OG EH WKDW D DIWHU R 7KH &R UW V JRL J WR FR VLGHU DOO RI WKDW D VH WH FH RI L FDUFHUDWLR VRPH SRL W $UJ DEO LV FRPSOHWHG ZR OG EH IRU OHVV EH WRGD GLVJ VW LPSRVHG P , FD GLVGDL W PDNH D J DUD WHHV IRU WKLV FULPL DO RIIH VH 7 ( '()(1'$17 7 ( &2857 HV W LW V 6 RWW DOOD R U R RU R U FDOO 5 5 - 34 - 55 0U )O 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R , P M VW EHL J S IUR W ZLWK R DV , ZR OG ZLWK D N RZV PH N RZV WKDW , FD W SURPLVH D WR D WKL J R GR VLU PD R VD R WKL J RWKHU WKD - GJH R D P LI , OO JLYH I OO FR VLGHUDWLR R ZD W WR VD D WKL J DW DOO ODZ HUV KDYH VDLG HYHU WKL J SRVVLEOH WKL J , ZR OG RW KROG WKDW DJDL VW , R GHUVWD G WKDW" 7 ( '()(1'$17 7 ( &2857 HV VLU W LI R ZD W VRPH PRUH WLPH D G WR FRPH EDFN ODWHU DIWHU LW V FOHDU WKDW SRVVLEO D G HYHU R H ZKR ZD W WR SURFHHG WR VH WH FL J WRGD ZLVK WR VD W ZD W WR VD 'R ,I R H HOVH FD R YH GR H HYHU WKL J IRU WKH 8 LWHG 6WDWHV RI $PHULFD R , P JRL J WR JUD W WKDW UHT HVW 1RZ LI R R U DWWRU H V ZHOO :R OG ZR OG OLNH WR WDNH D UHFHVV , P KDSS R VHDW R R L WKDW UHJDUG DV OLNH WR GR WKDW" 7 ( '()(1'$17 7 ( &2857 WR DFFRPPRGDWH RZ D G WDON WR HV R U $OO ULJKW R RU )DLU H R JK :K GR W R KDYH D /HW PH DVN WKH JRYHU PH W D IHZ PRUH T HVWLR V WKDW , ZD W WR FR VLGHU DV ZHOO &R VHO $ G WKHVH DUH T HVWLR V &R UW V JRL J WR FR VLGHU L DSSURSULDWH VH WH FH DPEDVVDGRU L 05 'HFHPEHU 9$1 7 ( &2857 5$&. DWWHPSWL J WR GHWHUPL H D 7KH FR YHUVDWLR ZLWK WKH 5 VVLD LV WKDW D YLRODWLR R U DOOD RI ODZ" R RU , KDWH WR EH VR EO 6 RWW D VZHUV WR ZKLFK WKH 5 5 - 35 - 55 W &R OG KH KDYH EHH 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R FKDUJHG ZLWK D FULPL DO RIIH VH" 05 9$1 5$&. 7 ( &2857 05 9$1 SRWH WLDOO LV 2ND 5$&. RI WKH /RJD SURVHF WHG ,V WKDW WKH $FW WKDW 9$1 5$&. 7KDW V ULJKW , ZD W WR EH WHUPV RI WKH JRYHU PH W V FR VLGHUDWLR H HUDO )O 7 ( &2857 7KDW LV )DLU H R JK RRG RI SRWH WLDO RW R H RI WKH FKDUJHV LWV L WHUIDFL J ZLWK 7KDW V WKH D VZHU , :HUH WKHUH RWKHU FKDUJHV WKDW FR OG KDYH EHH DJDL VW 0U )O 2WKHU WKD )$5$ YLRODWLR V EUR JKW IDOVH VWDWHPH WV" RW PL LPL L J HLWKHU R H RI WKRVH 05 9$1 5$&. 7KH JRYHU PH W V 6WDWHPH W RI 2IIH VH UHSUHVH WV D UHSUHVH WDWLR JRYHU PH W ZDV RI WKH ZHUH ODZI O DFWLYLW WKDW WKH EHOLHYHV WKDW WKH GHIH GD W FRPPLWWHG L RI EH R G D UHDVR DEOH GR EW WKH R R H KDV HYHU EHH ZKLFK LV ZK WKDW WKH JRYHU PH W ZDV FR VLGHUL J L , P ZKLFK , WKL N GHU" FKDUJHV DJDL VW ZD WHG $FW ZKDW WKH &R UW LV UHIHUUL J WR 7 ( &2857 FOHDU L :KLFK LV WKH IDFWV FR OG SRWH WLDOO V SSRUW D YLRODWLR SHUKDSV 05 /HW PH D VZHU WZR ZD V RW VRUW RI L $ G L FR VLGHUDWLR WHUPV WHUPV RI RWKHU RIIH VHV L R U L WHUIDFL J ZLWK WKH GHIH GD W 7 ( &2857 WKLV T HVWLR $OO ULJKW E W JLYH , UHDOO GR W N RZ WKH D VZHU WR WKH IDFW WKDW WKH WKH 3UHVLGH W RI WKH 8 LWHG 6WDWHV LPSRVHG VD FWLR V DJDL VW 5 VVLD IRU L WHUIHUL J 6 RWW DOOD 5 5 - 36 - 55 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R ZLWK IHGHUDO HOHFWLR V L WKLV FR WU LV WKHUH D RSL LR DER W WKH FR G FW RI WKH GHIH GD W WKH IROORZL J GD V WKDW ULVHV WR WKH OHYHO RI WUHDVR R V DFWLYLW 05 VKR OG 9$1 W VD 5$&. R KLV SDUW" 7KH JRYHU PH W GLG , VKR OG W VD GLG RW FR VLGHU RW FR VLGHU E W L RI WKH HYLGH FH WKDW WKH JRYHU PH W KDG DW WKH WLPH VRPHWKL J WKDW ZH ZHUH FR VLGHUL J L , WHUPV WKDW ZDV RW WHUPV RI FKDUJL J WKH GHIH GD W 7 ( &2857 $OO ULJKW SRWKHWLFDOO FR OG KH KDYH EHH FKDUJHG ZLWK WUHDVR " 05 9$1 5$&. R U R RU , ZD W WR EH FDUHI O ZKDW , UHSUHVH W 7 ( &2857 05 9$1 6 UH 5$&. $ G RW KDYL J WKDW L IRUPDWLR RI PH D G EHFD VH LW V V FK D VHULR V T HVWLR D VZHU LW HVSHFLDOO DVNL J GHU )$5$ RU LI WKHUH ZHUH RWKHU IRU H DPSOH 7 ( &2857 L IUR W , P KHVLWD W WR EHFD VH , WKL N LW V GLIIHUH W WKD LI KH FR OG EH FKDUJHG YLRODWLR V L 7KH JRYHU PH W ILOHG D VH WH FL J PHPRUD G P ZKLFK LW UHFRPPH GHG VH WH FL J DW WKH ORZ H G RI WKH LGHOL HV L FO GL J SUREDWLR JRYHU PH W ILOHG LWV UHSO L FO GL J SUREDWLR 6 EVHT H W WKHUHWR ZKLFK GLG 1RZ WKH RW L FO GH WKH OD J DJH , P JRL J WR DVV PH WKDW ZDV L WH WLR DO 05 9$1 5$&. 6 RWW R U DOOD R RU 5 5 - 37 - 55 WKD N R IRU WKH RSSRUW 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R LW WR FODULI 7KH JRYHU PH W V UHFRPPH GDWLR LV WKDW D VH WH FH DW WKH ORZ H G RI WKH LGHOL H UD JH LV DSSURSULDWH D G ZDUUD WHG SHULRG L $ G IDFW WKH FR FO VLR JRYHU PH W V VH WH FL J PHPR VWDWHV WKDW YHU FODULILFDWLR L WKDW RSH L J SDUDJUDSK RI R L FDUFHUDWLR WKH L FDUFHUDWLR WKDW $ G L L IDFW SDUWLF ODU RWKHU FDVHV L L FO GL J D WHUP RI ZH VD ORZ H G RI L J VHO V 2IILFH KDG PDGH 6R LW ZDV PHD W WR FODULI L FO GL J L R LW ZDV WR GLVWL J LVK VRPH ZKLFK WKHUH ZDV D VSHFLILF UHFRPPH GDWLR WHUP RI L FDUFHUDWLR IURP WKH EHJL 7KH FR OG L FO GH D WHUP RI RWKHU UHSUHVH WDWLR V WKDW WKH 6SHFLDO &R L SRL W ZDV WR UHSUHVH W WKDW ZKH LGHOL H UD JH RI WKH LWV UHSO IRU D WKH SRVLWLR ZDV L WH GHG WR EH FR VLVWH W 7 ( &2857 FR VLVWH W 05 $OO ULJKW 6R WKHUH ZDV D L WH WLR WR EH WKH " 9$1 5$&. HV HV 7KH JRYHU PH W V UHSUHVH WDWLR WKDW D VH WH FH DW WKH ORZ H G RI WKH LGHOL H UD JH LV ZDUUD WHG 7 ( &2857 $OO ULJKW 7KH SRL WV UDLVHG E KLV VH WH FL J PHPRUD G P FR FHU HG WKH &R UW RSL LR FLUF PVWD FHV V UUR DU R )O L KDYH D DV WR ZKHWKHU KH V IRUIHLWHG WKH DGM VWPH W SRL WV IRU DFFHSWD FH RI UHVSR VLELOLW -D 'R 0U WKH 05 9$1 E UDLVL J T HVWLR V DER W WKH GL J KLV L WHUYLHZ ZLWK WKH ) , DJH WV R WK" 5$&. 6 RWW R U DOOD R RU 5 5 - 38 - 55 ZH EHOLHYH WKDW KH KDV 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R DFFHSWHG UHVSR VLELOLW &R UW WRGD RW M VW IURP KLV VWDWHPH WV WR WKH E W WKUR JKR W WKH SURFHHGL JV VWDWHPH WV KH PDGH GHU RDWK L KDV DFFHSWHG UHVSR VLELOLW L FO GL J WKH IUR W RI - GJH &R WUHUDV WKDW KH D G DFN RZOHGJHV WKDW KLV IDOVH VWDWHPH WV ZHUH N RZL J D G ZLOOI O 7 ( &2857 $OO ULJKW DVV PL J KH FR WL VRPH GR EW L 05 HFD VH L R U PHPR HV WR DFFHSW UHVSR VLELOLW R U PL G WKDW KH ZDV ZDYHUL J R 9$1 5$&. R U R RU 6R VD ZDV WKHUH DFFHSWD FH" WKR JK WKH JRYHU PH W L WHUSUHWHG WKH GHIH GD W V V EPLVVLR SUHVH WHG WR WKH &R UW R L WKH ZD ZKLFK LV WR LGH WLI WKDW LW ZDV GLVWL J LVKL J FKDUDFWHULVWLFV WR WZR RWKHU PDWWHUV WKDW WKH 6SHFLDO &R 2IILFH KDG SURVHF WHG VHO V LW ZDV DOVR DZDUH RI WKH SRWH WLDO LPSOLFDWLR V WKDW WKH PHPRUD G P KDG PDGH D G ZD WHG WR FODULI GHU R FHUWDL WHUPV LWV SRVLWLR PLWLJDWL J FLUF PVWD FHV L D ZD WKDW WKRVH ZHUH D G LV VDWLVILHG ERWK L WHUPV RI WKH UHSUHVH WDWLR V WKH GHIH VH FR VWDWHPH WV WRGD WKDW ZH GR RW VHO KDV PDGH D G KLV RW GR EW WKDW KH KDV DFFHSWHG UHVSR VLELOLW 7 ( &2857 $OO ULJKW ULHI SD VH L 7 ( &2857 05 9$1 7 ( &2857 DW 0U )O HV 5$&. ( F VH PH R H VHFR G 6 RWW VHO SURFHHGL JV &R 1R VHO R U R RU 1RWKL J I UWKHU" V UHT HVW &R $OO ULJKW , P JRL J WR JLYH WKHP D DOOD 5 5 - 39 - 55 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R , P JRL J WR ZH UH JRL J WR WDNH D UHFHVV JODUH R , FD HYHU VHH WKDW FORFN EHFD VH WKHUH V D WKDW FORFN WKHUH ,W V 8 WLO :LOO WKDW EH H R JK WLPH" 05 .(/1(5 7 ( &2857 HV 'R R U R R RU KDYH D RWKHU T HVWLR V WKDW R ZD W WR DVN PH EHIRUH ZH WDNH D UHFHVV" 05 .(/1(5 7 ( &2857 05 9$1 $OO ULJKW 5$&. 7 ( &2857 WLO 1R 7KHUH V 7KHUH SR S P 7 ( &2857 ZLWK 7KD N &R VHO D G 0DUVKDO R WKH SURFHHGL JV RFF UUHG IURP S P $OO ULJKW 7KD N R U U F $OO ULJKW R R RU UHV PL J &ULPL DO &DVH U 0 F , M VW ZD W WR DVN D FR SOH RI T HVWLR V 7KLV LV GLUHFWHG WR HLWKHU JRYHU PH W FR GHIH VH FR VHO IRUHLJ , PDGH D VWDWHPH W DER W 0U DJH W ZKLOH VHUYL J L PLVVSRNH 05 'RHV WKDW 9$1 UHFHVV 7KHUH V D URRP DYDLODEOH IRU R U FOLH W R 6 7 ( &2857 VHO" HHG WR VWD G 7 ( &28575220 &/(5. 8 &R 7KH &R UW ZLOO VWD G L D UHFHVV L WLO R RU R RU 0DUVKDO 5 IIL ZLOO DFFRPPRGDWH R U T HVWLR V R U R WR VSHDN SULYDWHO 5 IIL $ $OO ULJKW 7 ( &2857 R 1RW DW WKLV WLPH 5$&. 6 RWW WKH :KLWH )O R VH VHO RU DFWL J DV D , PD KDYH HHG WR EH FRUUHFWHG" HV DOOD R U 5 5 - 40 - R RU 55 WKDW ZR OG EH FRUUHFW 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R ZKLFK LV WKDW WKH FR G FW H GHG 7 ( &2857 $OO ULJKW WHUULEOH DER W WKDW DJUHH ZLWK WKDW 05 YHU 2IILFH WKH R U D G , IHOW WKDW R R RU , DOVR DVNHG DER W D G WKLV LV , DOVR DVNHG DER W WKH 6SHFLDO &R VHO V , DOVR DVNHG T HVWLR V DER W WKH 6SHFLDO &R VHO D G D G RWKHU SRWH WLDO RIIH VHV IRU WKH S USRVH RI GHUVWD GL J WKH EH HILW WKH SOHD GHDO ZDV 7KDW V ZKDW , WKR JKW $OO ULJKW LPSRUWD W PLG 1RYHPEHU VHO" HV 7 ( &2857 L , M VW ZD W WKH UHFRUG FOHDU R &R .(/1(5 , EHOLHYH , ZDV LI D WKDW 0U )O W V JJHVWL J KH V FRPPLWWHG WUHDVR W V JJHVWL J KH FRPPLWWHG YLRODWLR V WR ZKHWKHU RU H DPSOHV RW KH FR OG KDYH EHH $ G R W WKHUH R , P KDV UHFHLYHG L N RZ , ZDV M VW F ULR V DV FKDUJHG D G , JDYH D IHZ WKHUH DUH D ORW RI FR VSLUDF RW WDNL J WKH HOHPH WV RI D RIIH VHV L WR FR VLGHUDWLR RI WKH DW WKH WLPH RI VH WH FL J WKHRULVWV FKDUJHG , ZDV M VW WU L J WR GHWHUPL H WKH EH HILW RI D G WKH JH HURVLW JRYHU PH W L UHDVR EHVWRZL J D EH HILW R )O RI WKH 7KDW ZDV WKH ZK 05 9$1 7 ( &2857 5$&. WUHDVR HV R U R RU $ G , VDLG HDUO WKH T HVWLR V , DVN W , P R 'R W UHDG WRR P FK L WR RW V JJHVWL J KH FRPPLWWHG , M VW DVNHG D OHJLWLPDWH T HVWLR 05 RSSRUW 0U , LW 9$1 5$&. WR FODULI 6 RWW HV R U R RU VRPHWKL J R DOOD 5 5 - 41 - 55 $ G WKDW DIIRUGV R U H G ZKLFK LV 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R ZLWK V D UHVSHFW WR WUHDVR VWDW WH L , VDLG , ZD WHG WR PDNH V UH , KDG WKH IUR W RI PH 7KH JRYHU PH W KDV WKDW WKH GHIH GD W FRPPLWWHG WUHDVR R UHDVR RW M VW DW WKH WLPH KDYL J SURIIHUHG ZLWK WKH GHIH GD W D G VSRNH L WHUYLHZV 5LJKW ULJKW WUHDVR R V RIIH VH D G FR OG ZD P FK D G , YH W WHOO , M VW DVNHG WKH T HVWLR RZ ZR OG 05 E W ZLWK KLP WKUR JK R FR FHU V ZLWK UHVSHFW WR WKH LVV H RI WUHDVR 7 ( &2857 D WR EHOLHYH R .(/1(5 R R RU ZKDW WKH HOHPH WV DUH $OO ULJKW OLNH WR SURFHHG R U HYHU SUHVLGHG RYHU D ZLWK &R 7KD N R YHU VHO R U L G OJH FH LI , FR OG PDNH D IHZ SRL WV 7 ( &2857 05 R RU 6 UH .(/1(5 )LUVW RI DOO WKDW WKH GHFLVLR V UHJDUGL J KRZ WR IUDPH VH WH FL J PHPRUD G P PDGH E 0U $ WKR DUH H WLUHO GLPL LVK L L D WKLV FDVH ZD FR VHO PDGH E R UV D G UHDOO H HUDO )O FOHDU H HUDO )O PH VKR OG R U PDGH E RW D G GR 7KDW SRL W LV ZHOO WDNH .(/1(5 E W R GHUVWD G , GR 7 ( &2857 EDFNSHGDOL J R HFD VH , P WKL NL J WKLV VR GV OLNH D WKH DFFHSWD FH RI UHVSR VLELOLW OHJLWLPDWH DUHD WR L T LUH DER W $ G , GR KDUVK ZKH R , VD RW V DFFHSWD FH RI UHVSR VLELOLW , KDG WR PDNH WKH L T LU " 05 V $ G , ZD W WR PDNH WKDW 7 ( &2857 ZK OHW PH PDNH YHU WKLV 6 RWW E W , N RZ DOOD 5 5 - 42 - 55 OO ,W ZDV D W ZD W WR EH WRR GHUVWD G 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R , ZR OG HYHU SH DOL H D , P FOLH W IRU ZKDW KLV RU KHU DWWRU H RW VD L J WKDW DEVRO WHO 05 ZK R PLVVSRNH DW DOO E W R KDV VDLG GHUVWD G , KDG WR PDNH WKH L T LU .(/1(5 , DEVRO WHO GHUVWD G :H GHUVWD G WKH &R UW V 7 ( &2857 HOVH $ G , ZR OG IRU WKDW PDWWHU 05 FR FHU .(/1(5 W WDNH LW R W R ZKDW WKH DWWRU H V VD 5LJKW :H UHDVR V WKDW WKRVH VHFWLR V L GLVWL J LVKDEOH L 7 ( &2857 JODG R SRL W VSHFLILF WKH EULHI ZHUH L FO GHG GHU ZDD IRU FDVHV WR ZKLFK GLG ZH WKL N DUH PHD L JI OO PD UHVSHFWV /HW PH VWRS UDLVHG WKDW R FOHDU WKH YHU GLVWL J LVK WKH 3DSDGRSR ORV D G 9D L FDUFHUDWLR R H GHUVWD G WKH &R UW V UHDVR , M VW ZD WHG WR PDNH YHU UHV OW L KLP RU D R R WKDW SRL W EHFD VH , P D G , ZDV JRL J WR UDLVH WKLV SRL W DW VRPH :H PLJKW DV ZHOO UDLVH LW 3DSDGRSR ORV D G 9D GHU ZDD WKRVH WZR FDVHV DUH W UHDOO RZ VL FH R EUR JKW S 7KH &R UW V RI WKH RSL LR D DORJR V WR WKLV FDVH WKDW , PHD HLWKHU R H RI WKRVH L GLYLG DOV ZDV D KLJK UD NL J JRYHU PH W RIILFLDO ZKR FRPPLWWHG D FULPH ZKLOH R WKH :HVW :L J RI WKH :KLWH RWKHU FDVHV WKDW KDYH EHH R VH $ G , FLWHG L WR RWKHU L GLYLG DOV VH WH FHG L RIIH VHV DEVRO WHO 6 RWW RWH WKDW WKHUH DUH WKH PHPRUD G P ZLWK UHVSHFW , EHOLHYH D G WKH SRL W EHL J PDGH JRRG SRL W WKH SUHPLVHV RI D G L D G , WKL N LW V D WKH SRL W EHL J PDGH WKDW DOOD 5 5 - 43 - 55 IRU 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R R R H UHFHLYHG D MDLO VH WH FH 0 J HVV LV WKDW RW R H RI WKRVH GHIH GD WV ZDV D KLJK UD NL J JRYHU PH W RIILFLDO ZKR 3UHVLGH W RI WKH 8 LWHG 6WDWHV RIILFHUV ZKLOH R :KLWH R VH GHUVWD G ZK WKDW R D FDWHJRU FLWHG WKHP .(/1(5 R U H HUDO )O 7 ( &2857 L LI , P ZUR J WKH R FD E LWVHOI ULJKW RZ E W , , DSSUHFLDWH WKDW R RU VHUYHG L LT H D G UHOHYD W 05 1RZ WKH :HVW :L J RI WKH R H RU PRUH RI WKRVH FDVHV 7KLV FDVH LV L 05 J HVV WKH PDGH IDOVH VWDWHPH WV WR WKH ) , WKH SUHPLVHV RI D G L 7KDW V P SRL W PH WR D ZKLOH HPSOR HG E ZH GR W GLVDJUHH :H UHFRJ L H D KLJK UD NL J SRVLWLR D G WKDW LV W , $EVRO WHO .(/1(5 W , ZR OG V EPLW WR R D FR SOH RI SRL WV UHVSR VH IRU WKH &R UW V FR VLGHUDWLR 1 PEHU R H EHFD VH RI KLV KLJK UD N D G EHFD VH RI KLV IRUPHU KLJK RIILFH L YHVWLJDWLR WKDW WRR ZKH LW FDPH WLPH WR GHDO ZLWK WKLV D G WR GHDO ZLWK WKH 6SHFLDO &R VHW D KLJKHU VWD GDUG IRU KLP VHO V 2IILFH D G KH GLG GHUVWD G WKDW DV D WKUHH VWDU JH HUDO D G D IRUPHU 1DWLR DO 6HF ULW $GYLVRU ZKDW KH GLG ZDV JRL J WR EH YHU 6SHFLDO &R DWLR VHO V L YHVWLJDWLR D G YHU VR KH PDGH GHFLVLR V HDUO WR PDNH UHJ ODU S EOLF VWDWHPH WV 7KDW ZDV DFN RZOHGJHG E 6 RWW DOOD R - 44 - 55 FR VHT H WLDO IRU WKH WR UHPDL ORZ SURILOH RW DV VRPH RWKHU SHRSOH GLG WKH 6SHFLDO &R 5 5 FR VHT H WLDO IRU WKH VHO V 2IILFH ZKH 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R ZH GLG ILUVW KHDU IURP WKHP $ G WKH FRPSOHWHO KH PDGH WKH GHFLVLR D G N RZL J WKDW WKH YDO H RI WKDW VLOH FH WWHUO S EOLFO L YHVWLJDWLR D G WR FRRSHUDWH ZLWK WKLV L YHVWLJDWLR EHFD VH RI KLV KLJK UD N VLJ DO WR HYHU D G FOHDUO WKDW ZDV JRL J WR VH G D RWKHU SRWH WLDO FRRSHUDWRU D G ZLW HVV L D G WKDW ZDV FR VHT H WLDO WKLV D G ZH DSSUHFLDWH WKH IDFW WKDW WKH 6SHFLDO &R VHO PHPRULDOL HG WKDW L KLV EULHI 7KDW GLG PDNH D GHFLVLR D G WKDW ZDV D RWKHU NL G RI KLJK VWD GDUG WKDW ZDV VHW IRU KLP D G WKDW KH URVH WR D G PHW GHFLVLYHO , DGGLWLR 7 ( &2857 R WRGD &D ZLVK WR SURFHHG" RU GR 05 R .(/1(5 R R U 2U DUH R OHDGL J , P OHDGL J .(/1(5 R U .(/1(5 RZ GR S WR WKDW SRL W" S WR WKDW R R DKHDG LI , PD 7KDW V IL H $ G OHW PH M VW IL LVK WKDW ODVW SRL W 1R .(/1(5 R R , P RW WU L J WR F UWDLO W PLVV D , P E LOGL J S WR LW , P E LOGL J $OO ULJKW 6 RWW DOOD 5 5 - 45 - 55 R WKL J R RU 7 ( &2857 ,V WKDW V IL H M VW ZD WHG WR PDNH V UH , GLG LW RZ" R RU - VW D ELW RI L G OJH FH 1R 7 ( &2857 05 ULJKW ZLVK WR SURFHHG ZLWK VH WH FL J R 1R 7 ( &2857 05 'R R 7KD N .(/1(5 7 ( &2857 05 , M VW VWRS RWKHU FDVHV ZD W WR GHIHU LW" 7 ( &2857 05 WKHUH KDYH EHH 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R S WR , 05 .(/1(5 , DGGLWLR RWKHU KLJK SURILOH FDVHV , ZR OG RWH WKHUH KDYH EHH R H L YROYL J D IR U VWDU JH HUDO H HUDO 3HWUDH V 7 ( &2857 E W GR , GR W DJUHH ZLWK WKDW SOHD DJUHHPH W W 05 .(/1(5 ,W V D FODVVLF 7 ( &2857 05 H SOHG WR D PLVGHPHD RU" .(/1(5 H ZDV DOORZHG DIWHU O L J WR WKH ) , 7 ( &2857 05 ULJKW .(/1(5 WR SOHDG WR D PLVGHPHD RU D G ZDV VH WH FHG WR SUREDWLR 7 ( &2857 FULWLFL H WKD $OO ULJKW , GR W N RZ D ZKDW , YH UHDG L 05 .(/1(5 7KH 6D G , P RW JRL J WR RI WKH IDFWV DER W WKDW FDVH ZKDW , YH UHDG , OO M VW EULHIO HUJHU FDVH $GYLVRU :HOO RWKHU VR KLJKOLJKW WKRVH H DPSOHV DOVR L YROYL J D IRUPHU 1DWLR DO 6HF ULW DOVR L FO GHG OLHV WR JRYHU PH W RIILFLDOV H ZDV DOVR DOORZHG WR SOHDG WR D PLVGHPHD RU D G DOVR VH WH FHG WR SUREDWLR 6R WKHUH LV SUHFHGH FH DEVRO WHO WDNH R U SRL W W , ZD W WR EH FOHDU H HUDO )O :H UHFRJ L HV WKH REOLJDWLR V WKDW FDPH ZLWK KLJK RIILFH D G WKDW WKLV LV D VHULR V RIIH VH :H GR W L D ZD W DW WKH VDPH WLPH VH RI LW L &R GLVS WH WKDW N RZL J WKDW KLJK VWD GDUG KH PDGH VH GL J D VLJ DO DV SDUW RI WKH ODUJHU 6SHFLDO VHO V L YHVWLJDWLR 6 RWW DOOD 5 5 - 46 - 55 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R R U R RU GHUVWD GL J , ZR OG OLNH WR DOVR HPSKDVL H WKDW R U D G , WKL N LW V EHH UHPDL V WKH SRVLWLR UHLWHUDWHG WRGD RI WKH 6SHFLDO &R VH WH FH DW WKH ORZ H G RI WKH D VH WH FH WKDW GRHV LV WKDW LW VHO V 2IILFH WKDW D LGHOL HV UD JH T RWH RW LPSRVH D WHUP RI L FDUFHUDWLR DSSURSULDWH D G ZDUUD WHG L WKH JRYHU PH W V YLHZ L FO GL J LV D G ZH YH M VW UHFR ILUPHG WKDW ZLWK WKHP , G OLNH WR KLJKOLJKW WKDW EDFN &R RWKL J L KLV H WH VLYH FRRSHUDWLR VHO V 2IILFH DVNHG H V D VZHUHG HYHU , EHOLHYH WKH D G KH KDV H HUDO )O T HVWLR KHOG EDFN 7KDW VDLG HVWHUGD LW V OLNHO H HUDO )O LW V OLNHO , ZR OG WKL N WKDW FDVH YHU WKDW :H KDYH W EHH PDGH ODUJHO LW LV WU H WKDW LV VWLOO SH GL J PD E W , WKL N $ G ZKLOH ZH EHOLHYH VHO V 2IILFH YLHZV KLV FRRSHUDWLR FRPSOHWH FRPSOHWHG DW WKLV SRL W WKDW WKHUH V WKLV DGGLWLR DO PRGLF P RI FRRSHUDWLR H SHFWV WR SURYLGH L SUHSDUHG WR WDNH R U WKH ('9$ FDVH R RU S R D G EH DVNHG WR WROG WKDW D G KH V SUHSDUHG WR WHVWLI WKDW WKH 6SHFLDO &R EHH WKDW V EHH UHT HVW WKDW V EHH WKLV ('9$ FDVH WKDW ZDV L GLFWHG L ZLWK WKH 6SHFLDO VHO 1RWKL J KDV EHH WHVWLI RWKL J IHHO WKDW KH V D VZHUHG WKHP WU WKI OO H V FRPSOLHG ZLWK HYHU DV KDV KLV FR KDV KHOG LW LV WU H WKDW KH D G IRU WKDW UHDVR WKH V JJHVWLR DV KDYL J ZH DUH RI GHOD L J VH WH FL J VR WKDW KH FD HNH R W WKH ODVW PRGLF P RI FRRSHUDWLR L WKH EHVW SRVLWLR WKH ('9$ FDVH WR EH L 6 RWW DOOD 5 5 - 47 - 55 WR DUJ H WR WKH 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R &R UW WKH JUHDW YDO H RI KLV FRRSHUDWLR 7 ( &2857 /HW PH WHOO PH WR GR WKDW IRUZDUG WRGD R VRPHWKL J , M VW UDLVHG WKH WKR JKW E W , WKL N LW V R O ,W GLG W RFF U WR , P SUHSDUHG WR JR IDLU WR VD H DFWO ZKDW , GLG VD 05 .(/1(5 HV 7 ( &2857 WKR JKW 6R N RZ ,W ZDV D WKR JKW ZL N ZL N RG SURFHHG WRGD 05 RG R .(/1(5 05 , GLG W 7 ( &2857 R R N RZ ZD W WR RW SURPLVL J D $ G ZH GHUVWD G WKDW RG RG WKL J HLWKHU $OO ULJKW W IURP WKH EHJL IURP WKH EHJL LPDJL DEOH L J L J RI WKLV SURFHVV H HUDO )O KDV FRRSHUDWHG ZLWK VHO V L YHVWLJDWLR D G KH V SUHSDUHG WR FR WL ZLWK UHVSHFW WR WKH ('9$ FDVH ZKLFK WKHUH LV D WKL J OHIW WR JLYH DW WULDO L SUREDEO D VWDW V FR IHUH FH L DUHD M VW FR VLVWL J RI GD V D FH RI VH WH FL J D G , PLJKW V JJHVW LI LW VH VH WR WKH &R UW DOOD HYHU WKDW FDVH WR DOORZ KLP WR FRPSOHWH WKDW FRRSHUDWLR 6 RWW L H WKDW FRRSHUDWLR ZKLFK , WKL N LV WKH R O W ZH ZR OG OLNH WR UHT HVW D FR WL SHUKDSV RU D VD 6R LI $ G , P .(/1(5 KLV WHVWLPR N RZ RW WDNH LW DV D ZL N ZL N 'LUHFWRU 0 HOOHU D G WKH 6SHFLDO &R ZD R HHG WR GR WKLV :H GR .(/1(5 05 FDOO LW D V JJHVWLR , P SUHSDUHG WR GR VR 7 ( &2857 OLWHUDOO R 5 5 - 48 - 55 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R LI LW PDNHV 7 ( &2857 0U 7KDW V IL H ZLWK WKH &R UW )O PLFURSKR H ZK 0U D W R MRL VLU R YH KHDUG ZR OG OLNH WR SRVWSR H WKLV SURPLVHV , YH EHH R U DWWRU H L GLFDWH WKDW $JDL WKH &R UW V S IUR W ZLWK S IUR W ZLWK SHRSOH IRU PRUH WKD ,I E W , P ZLOO EH L R WKH HYH W R 'R 7 ( '()(1'$17 7 ( &2857 REMHFWLR HDUV ZD W WR SURFHHG WRGD RW PDNL J D RU RWKHU PDWWHUV R OLNH D G WKDW V , ZR OG SURFHHG SURPLVH DV WR ZKDW WKH VH WH FH FRRSHUDWH ZLWK WKDW PDWWHU R DER W WKLV GHUVWD G WKDW" HV , GHUVWD G $OO ULJKW 9$1 5$&. 7 ( &2857 W 2ND 1R R U R U R RU 'RHV WKH JRYHU PH W KDYH D $OO ULJKW R RU /HW PH M VW VD DYL J VDLG WKDW , SUREDEO DJUHH ZLWK WKH 3HWUDH V VH WH FH WKLV VKR OG , P VRUU IR U VWDU JH HUDO JLYHV FODVVLILHG L IRUPDWLR D WKRUL HG WR UHFHLYH LW D G WKH PLVGHPHD RU ZHUH H WH E VL HVV RW PDNL J WR GRL J WKLV" 05 VKR OG DW WKH 7KH &R UW ZDV M VW EHL J DOO , ZDV GRL J WRGD R U DWWRU H )O $OO ULJKW R GR E W , GR FR VLGHUDWLR L RW , GR W N RZ 0D EH WKHUH ,W V R H RI P RSL LR R LPSDFW DOOD W W VHH KRZ D WR VRPHR H , ZR OG RW WDNH WKDW L WR ZKDWHYHU VH WH FH , LPSRVH KHUH 6 RWW , GR , GR WKL J DER W LW DWL J FLUF PVWD FHV $ G WKDW KDV W LV DOORZHG WR SOHDG WR D W N RZ D E W LW V M VW P , SUREDEO 5 5 - 49 - 55 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R - VW EDVHG SR ZKDW , N RZ DER W WKDW FDVH , M VW GLVDJUHHG ZLWK LW 7KDW V DOO 05 .(/1(5 7 ( &2857 FD SUREDEO WK LV 8 GHUVWRRG &R VHO ZKDW GD DFFRPPRGDWH WKH RW D JRRG GDWH ZR OG WK LV E W RWKHUZLVH GDWH WKDW V FR YH LH W IRU HYHU R H 05 $17 21 7 ( &2857 JRYHU PH W ZD W" , PHD RW D JRRG GDWH LI R , 0DUFK ZD W WR V JJHVW D WKDW V IL H ZLWK PH , FR IHU" 6 UH 'LVF VVLR 05 0D R KDG RII WKH UHFRUG .(/1(5 R U R RU DIWHU FR V OWL J ZLWK WKH ZH V JJHVW D VWDW V UHSRUW UDWKHU WKD D VWDW V FR IHUH FH 7 ( &2857 05 6 UH .(/1(5 $ G IRU D GDWH , EHOLHYH 0DUFK WK ZR OG ZRUN 7 ( &2857 VWDW V UHSRUW 05 $ R ZD W RZ WKDW V IL H .(/1(5 :H SURSRVH 0DUFK 6 UH WKDW V IL H WK IRU WKH VWDW V UHSRUW /HW V M VW VD WK RI 0DUFK 05 .(/1(5 7 ( &2857 05 7KD N R R U $OO ULJKW .(/1(5 7 ( &2857 WR ILOH D 7KDW V IL H 7 ( &2857 WKH GDWH $ R RU WKL J I UWKHU" 1RWKL J I UWKHU IURP )URP JRYHU PH W FR 6 RWW DOOD 5 5 - 50 - 55 V VHO" 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R E RR R 05 9$1 5$&. 7 ( &2857 WR DVN PH RU 1R 0U R U )O R RU GR R U DWWRU H V" R 'R R KDYH D T HVWLR V KDYH D R T HVWLR V ZD W R ZD W WR DVN PH" 7 ( '()(1'$17 7 ( &2857 , KDYH $OO ULJKW ULHI SD VH L 7 ( &2857 WKLV ZLWK PD R RU ( F VH PH R H VHFR G /HW PH M VW WKURZ WKLV R W /HW PH M VW VKDUH R D G PD EH LW V SRL W R U SURFHHGL JV :KDW , FR OG GR RZ R H D G PD EH LW V RW DSSURSULDWH WR GR LW RW DSSURSULDWH WR GR LW L LW SUREDEO ZR PRUH T HVWLR V W V USULVH R 0DUFK WKDW , KDG PD D G DW VRPH SRL W ZKDW , PD WKRVH T HVWLR V ZLWK FR VHO VR R FD , P JLYH VRPH WKR JKW WKDW , P KDG RW V UH LI , ZD W WR GR WKDW R , ZDV GHFLGHG WR SRVWSR H VH WH FL J RW V UH 7KHVH DUH T HVWLR V WKDW SUHSDUHG WR D VZHU D ZD V FK DV JRYHU PH W V L YHVWLJDWLR KHOSI O .(/1(5 R U DFW DOO 7 ( &2857 N RZ ZDV LPSHGHG" LPSDFW RI WKH FULPL DOLW " 05 R R R L RSH E W , PD ZR OG EH :KDW ZDV WKH PDWHULDO 7KL JV OLNH WKDW R RU , WKR JKW DOOD RW JRL J KRZ WKH , WKL N ZH ZR OG IL G LW YHU D G ZR OG ZHOFRPH WKH RSSRUW 6 RWW PD EH HYH W DO WR VSH G D RWKHU KR U D G VKDUH WKRVH T HVWLR V ZLWK FR UW WRGD PD GR LV VKDUH GR VRPH DGGLWLR DO UHVHDUFK WR EH SUHSDUHG IRU D VH WH FL J $W VRPH R 5 5 - 51 - PLJKW VD 55 WKDW 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R LW , OO JLYH LW GR VRPH WKR JKW ZD W DUH EHFD VH P S USRVH LV R U EHVW WKR JKWV 0DUFK WK 05 .(/1(5 7 ( &2857 WKDW RI D WR DVN D 05 RZ E W , PD R H , R U EHVW D VZHUV DER W T HVWLR V WKDW WKDW , EHOLHYH DUH YHU RW WLPH WR GR WKDW RW WR VD GEDJ D UHOHYD W D G LPSRUWD W D G LW ZR E W LW V W EH WLPH WR GR LW EHIRUH GR WKDW 7KD N R R U $OO ULJKW 6 UH EH HILW" R SUREDEO R RU :R OG WKH JRYHU PH W IL G N RZ WKH T HVWLR V , P JRL J ZD LPSHGL J WKH L YHVWLJDWLR 9$1 5$&. :H ZR OG PDWHULDOLW RW REMHFW WR D LPSDFW FODULILFDWLR IURP WKH &R UW 7 ( &2857 KROLGD V 05 2ND HYHU R H .(/1(5 $OO ULJKW 7KD N 7KD N 7KD N R DOO $ G KDSS R R R U 3URFHHGL JV DGMR U HG DW , R RU S P , , 6FRWW / :DOODFH 5'5 &55 FHUWLI WKDW WKH IRUHJRL J LV D FRUUHFW WUD VFULSW IURP WKH UHFRUG RI SURFHHGL JV L WKH DERYH H WLWOHG PDWWHU V 6FRWW / :DOODFH FRWW DOODFH 2IILFLDO R UW 6 RWW DOOD HSRUWHU 5 5 - 52 - 55 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R DWH 302 [5] - 6:18; 13:25; 14:18, 25; 15:15 30th [1] - 20:22 31 [1] - 20:25 33 [1] - 32:18 3553(a [1] - 23:8 3553(a) [1] - 23:14 371 [1] - 28:18 $ $250,000 [1] - 18:2 $9,000 [1] - 18:8 / 4 /s [1] - 51:20 1 4 [3] - 17:7; 18:5; 25:4 1 [4] - 17:7, 24; 18:7; 25:5 1001 [5] - 6:3; 17:25; 29:8; 36:17; 42:23 10:19 [1] - 4:16 11:00 [1] - 1:6 11:16 [1] - 3:2 12/18/18 [1] - 51:20 12:04 [1] - 39:2 12:09 [1] - 39:16 12:30 [2] - 39:2, 11 12:45 [1] - 39:16 12th [2] - 49:5 13757 [1] - 20:4 13th [4] - 49:15, 19, 21; 51:5 17-232 [3] - 1:4; 3:7; 39:19 18 [10] - 1:6; 3:1; 6:2; 17:25; 23:8, 13; 28:18; 29:8, 16 19 [2] - 30:13; 41:5 1:01 [1] - 51:15 1st [1] - 10:5 2 20001 [3] - 2:4, 8, 15 2016 [13] - 19:13; 20:3, 5-6, 8, 22, 25; 21:8, 13, 18; 22:3, 25; 40:1 2017 [10] - 5:21; 6:17, 19; 8:20; 10:5; 14:1; 19:9, 11; 22:11; 42:23 2018 [2] - 1:6; 3:1 202 [6] - 1:16, 21; 2:4, 9 202.354.3196 [1] - 2:16 20530 [2] - 1:16, 20 20th [1] - 19:9 21 [2] - 21:8, 13 22nd [4] - 6:18; 14:1; 21:18 23rd [1] - 22:3 24 [2] - 5:21; 6:17 24th [7] - 8:20; 9:3; 11:23; 13:25; 14:2; 19:10; 37:24 28th [2] - 20:3, 8 29th [1] - 20:5 3 30 [1] - 48:7 6 RWW 5 500 [1] - 18:8 5K1.1 [4] - 18:12, 22; 24:15; 25:11 6 616-0800 [2] - 1:16, 21 6503 [1] - 2:15 662-5105 [1] - 2:9 662-5503 [1] - 2:4 7 778-5105 [1] - 2:9 778-5503 [1] - 2:5 7th [1] - 22:11 8 850 [2] - 2:3, 7 8th [2] - 4:21; 22:25 9 90 [1] - 47:24 950 [2] - 1:15, 19 951 [2] - 28:20; 29:16 A a.m [2] - 1:6; 3:2 able [1] - 8:17 above-entitled [1] - 51:19 absolutely [6] - 13:7; 42:3, 25; 43:13; 45:20 acceded [3] - 14:21; 15:5 accept [5] - 10:12; 16:3; 18:15; 30:11; 38:7 acceptance [8] - 7:10; 12:8; 18:6; 24:12; 37:22; 38:8; 41:17, 23 accepted [6] - 5:17; 7:16; 17:17; 38:1, 4, 18 DOOD 5 5 55 accepts [1] - 12:20 accommodate [3] - 34:14; 39:14; 49:5 acknowledged [2] - 5:16; 43:25 acknowledges [1] - 38:4 Act [5] - 22:10, 12; 33:9; 35:5, 7 acting [1] - 39:22 action [1] - 21:11 Action [1] - 1:4 actions [1] - 5:17 activity [2] - 35:18; 36:3 add [2] - 15:6, 10 Addendum [1] - 29:25 addition [2] - 44:10; 45:1 additional [7] - 5:20, 24; 6:9; 11:1, 4; 46:21; 50:15 address [1] - 14:4 adequate [2] - 23:10, 19 adjourned [1] - 51:15 adjustment [1] - 37:21 administer [2] - 5:6; 7:19 Administration [2] - 20:2; 32:25 administration [1] - 21:25 admitted [1] - 19:18 admittedly [1] - 5:22 advice [1] - 7:14 advisor [1] - 19:7 Advisor [5] - 19:8; 33:5, 11; 43:21; 45:17 advisory [5] - 17:8, 13; 25:8; 32:9 affect [1] - 7:9 afford [4] - 8:6; 9:15; 23:10, 19 affords [1] - 40:24 Agent [1] - 14:6 agent [2] - 33:9; 39:23 agents [5] - 5:23; 6:8, 10; 32:13; 37:23 Agents [3] - 22:9, 12; 33:8 aggravating [4] - 12:13, 16; 32:22 agree [4] - 18:13; 40:4; 45:4; 48:18 agreed [10] - 6:8; 17:23; 18:3, 9, 16-18, 21, 25; 19:6 agreement [4] - 17:18; 18:18; 45:4 agreements [1] - 26:2 ahead [1] - 44:19 Ahmad [1] - 1:18 AHMAD [1] - 3:14 Ahmed [1] - 3:12 Aid [2] - 5:12; 30:1 aid [1] - 33:6 aided [1] - 2:18 aimed [1] - 21:15 alerting [1] - 4:17 allow [1] - 47:23 allowed [3] - 45:8, 18; 48:20 Alptekin [2] - 27:19; 28:22 Ambassador [1] - 19:25 ambassador [7] - 20:8, 14, 19, 25; 21:24; 22:4; 34:23 America [4] - 3:7; 32:8; 34:11; 39:19 AMERICA [1] - 1:3 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R - 53 - American [1] - 33:2 analogous [1] - 42:18 Andrew [1] - 6:5 announced [2] - 20:5, 22 answer [8] - 25:17; 28:1, 13; 35:2, 13, 23; 36:16; 50:20 answered [2] - 46:10 answering [1] - 8:4 answers [6] - 7:23; 9:12; 19:20; 34:20; 51:2 Anthony [3] - 2:6; 3:17; 41:16 ANTHONY [1] - 49:8 anyway [4] - 12:15; 41:8; 50:20; 51:9 appear [1] - 12:4 APPEARANCES [2] - 1:12; 2:1 applicable [2] - 23:23; 25:6 appointed [1] - 9:22 appointing [1] - 9:25 appreciate [3] - 10:20; 43:9; 44:6 approach [1] - 32:2 appropriate [5] - 34:22; 37:2; 46:6; 50:10 approved [1] - 22:18 area [2] - 41:24; 47:19 areas [1] - 4:12 arguably [5] - 26:13; 31:2, 8; 33:12 argue [2] - 31:3; 46:25 arrangements [1] - 9:11 aspect [1] - 13:21 assess [1] - 30:18 assist [2] - 26:8, 12 assistance [18] - 18:23; 24:13, 17, 23-25; 25:1, 19; 27:6, 8, 11, 20; 30:3, 18; 31:3, 15; 32:20 Assistant [2] - 1:13, 18 assume [2] - 28:6; 36:23 assuming [1] - 38:7 assure [1] - 33:15 attach [1] - 15:17 attempt [3] - 8:5; 12:10; 13:10 attempting [1] - 34:21 attention [2] - 27:17; 29:21 attested [1] - 18:9 Attorney [2] - 1:14, 18 attorney [8] - 7:18; 8:3; 9:22, 25; 29:22; 42:1; 48:2, 4 attorneys [15] - 7:18; 8:17; 9:12, 15, 19; 10:17, 21; 17:5; 27:20; 28:10; 29:19; 32:4; 34:14; 42:7; 50:3 August [4] - 6:17-19; 14:1 authorized [1] - 48:20 available [2] - 23:22; 39:12 Avenue [2] - 1:15, 19 avoid [1] - 23:24 aware [5] - 8:21, 23-24; 15:18; 38:13 B B-103 [1] - 1:20 6 RWW backpedaling [1] - 41:23 ball [1] - 32:2 base [1] - 18:5 based [4] - 12:21; 27:6, 10; 48:25 basis [2] - 16:14; 18:19 BEFORE [1] - 1:11 begin [1] - 4:9 beginning [4] - 12:19; 37:12; 47:15 behalf [2] - 3:11, 23 believes [1] - 35:19 below [1] - 25:10 bench [1] - 4:23 benefit [11] - 19:3; 22:16; 23:1; 27:16; 30:2, 4; 31:3; 40:10, 17-18; 51:8 Berger [1] - 45:16 best [4] - 26:19; 46:25; 51:2 bestowing [1] - 40:18 between [2] - 19:15, 17 beyond [1] - 35:20 Bijan [1] - 27:19 binding [1] - 18:10 bit [1] - 44:18 blunt [1] - 34:25 book [1] - 31:20 bound [1] - 31:4 Brady [2] - 10:22; 12:22 Brandon [2] - 1:13; 3:10 breach [2] - 18:18 brief [6] - 12:10; 14:5, 10, 19; 42:10; 44:7 Brief [3] - 29:13; 38:21; 50:7 briefing [1] - 7:8 briefly [1] - 45:15 bring [1] - 27:17 brought [2] - 35:14; 42:16 building [2] - 44:23 Bureau [2] - 24:10; 32:13 Burling [1] - 3:16 BURLING [2] - 2:2, 7 business [2] - 22:22; 48:23 businesses [1] - 22:22 bvg@usdoj.gov [1] - 1:17 C calculation [1] - 18:3 calculations [2] - 17:6, 11 camera [2] - 4:19; 16:13 Campaign [2] - 19:7; 23:5 campaign [1] - 19:16 cannot [2] - 7:15; 33:15 capable [2] - 10:4; 16:9 career [1] - 32:16 careful [1] - 36:11 carefully [2] - 4:5; 16:11 case [27] - 3:6; 4:1, 5-6; 10:1; 12:17, 25; 16:12; 19:1; 24:4, 14; 26:11; 28:3; 30:12; 31:8; 41:18; 42:18; 43:8; 45:13, 16; 46:15, 17, 22, 25; 47:19, 21; 49:1 DOOD 5 5 55 Case [1] - 39:18 CASE [1] - 7:21 cases [10] - 6:2; 12:11; 37:10; 42:11, 18, 22; 43:7; 44:10; 45:2 category [4] - 17:7; 18:7; 25:5; 43:8 caused [1] - 32:25 caution [1] - 31:23 cautions [1] - 30:3 Center [2] - 2:3, 8 certain [9] - 5:20; 7:12; 9:2, 21; 11:22; 18:14; 24:17 certainly [2] - 9:15; 13:13 certify [1] - 51:18 challenge [2] - 8:8, 13 chance [2] - 10:16; 31:3 change [1] - 15:3 characteristics [3] - 23:15; 24:6; 38:12 charged [7] - 6:2; 27:24; 28:13; 35:1; 36:10, 17; 40:13 charges [5] - 10:7; 16:10; 35:11, 14 charging [3] - 27:18, 21; 36:7 Chief [1] - 33:1 chosen [1] - 21:1 circumstances [15] - 5:13, 21; 6:1; 8:8, 13; 9:21; 12:7, 17, 24; 23:15; 32:22; 37:23; 38:16; 48:22 citations [1] - 15:4 cite [3] - 6:21; 14:19, 23 cited [7] - 6:16, 24; 13:25; 14:5, 7; 42:22; 43:9 City [2] - 2:3, 8 clarification [3] - 15:11; 37:5; 51:10 clarify [7] - 27:1; 29:7, 15; 37:1, 11; 38:14; 40:25 classic [1] - 45:6 classified [1] - 48:19 clear [9] - 12:18; 15:1; 34:10; 35:10; 40:3; 41:13; 42:9; 45:19 clearly [1] - 44:2 CLERK [3] - 3:4, 6; 39:18 clerks [1] - 4:10 client [2] - 39:13; 42:1 clock [2] - 39:1 closed [1] - 31:20 Code [4] - 6:2; 17:25; 23:8, 14 cogent [1] - 26:7 colleagues [1] - 25:14 colloquies [1] - 5:7 colloquy [2] - 5:5; 9:10 COLUMBIA [1] - 1:1 committed [6] - 35:19; 40:11, 22; 41:3; 42:20 commonly [2] - 6:17; 22:10 company [3] - 22:14, 16, 18 company's [1] - 22:21 competent [2] - 10:3; 16:9 complete [2] - 46:20; 47:23 completed [4] - 19:2; 26:6; 33:20; 46:20 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R - 54 - completely [1] - 44:3 completeness [1] - 24:23 complied [1] - 46:12 comprehensive [1] - 30:1 computer [1] - 2:18 computer-aided [1] - 2:18 conceivably [1] - 26:14 concern [2] - 13:3; 42:9 concerned [2] - 7:8; 37:20 concerns [7] - 4:23; 8:16; 10:22; 12:5; 13:7, 20; 41:5 conclude [1] - 16:13 concluded [2] - 7:2; 33:17 concludes [1] - 7:11 conclusion [1] - 37:3 conduct [5] - 6:6; 9:23; 12:21; 36:2; 40:1 conducted [1] - 26:2 confer [1] - 49:8 conference [3] - 10:19; 47:24; 49:13 conferred [1] - 28:9 confidence [1] - 22:22 confusion [1] - 14:5 consecutive [1] - 28:25 consequences [2] - 10:8; 16:11 consequential [3] - 43:21; 44:6 consider [14] - 9:25; 13:14; 14:18; 23:13; 24:12, 22; 27:15; 31:6; 32:4; 33:14; 34:19, 21; 36:4 consideration [11] - 5:25; 17:19; 32:18, 20, 22; 34:3; 35:10, 21; 40:16; 43:15; 48:25 considerations [2] - 15:19; 25:3 considered [1] - 27:13 considering [2] - 35:12; 36:7 consistent [3] - 12:7; 37:13, 15 consisting [1] - 47:20 conspiracy [2] - 28:18; 40:14 constitute [2] - 18:18 consult [1] - 8:3 consulting [1] - 49:11 Cont [1] - 2:1 contact [1] - 21:20 contacted [2] - 20:8; 21:24 contacts [1] - 22:7 contained [1] - 5:14 contemplated [1] - 24:20 contend [1] - 10:25 contends [1] - 5:24 contention [2] - 11:10, 25 contentions [1] - 12:6 continuance [1] - 47:22 continue [1] - 47:18 continues [1] - 38:7 continuing [3] - 8:12; 10:12; 25:21 Contreras [2] - 10:11; 38:3 convenient [1] - 49:7 conversation [4] - 20:16, 19; 21:3; 34:22 6 RWW cooperate [6] - 18:16; 19:2; 25:21; 44:3; 48:10 cooperated [1] - 47:16 cooperating [4] - 14:20; 25:18; 26:12; 30:23 cooperation [23] - 26:2, 6, 15; 27:13, 16; 30:6, 18, 23; 31:7, 9, 25; 32:5; 33:18, 20; 46:9, 19, 21, 24; 47:1, 18, 23 cooperator [1] - 44:5 coordination [1] - 19:17 copies [1] - 6:20 copy [1] - 14:10 correct [8] - 13:22; 26:25; 28:7; 29:22; 30:14, 20; 39:25; 51:18 corrected [1] - 39:24 correctional [1] - 23:22 Council [3] - 21:8, 14, 17 Counsel [16] - 3:13, 18; 12:13; 15:21; 17:11; 25:13; 29:14, 20; 38:20, 22; 39:8, 13; 40:4, 8; 41:9; 44:7 counsel [16] - 3:17; 6:15; 7:14; 12:15; 15:9, 14; 30:5; 34:20; 38:17; 39:21; 41:15; 46:13; 49:4, 25; 50:14 Counsel's [19] - 1:15; 12:11; 14:11, 17; 15:3, 8; 18:17, 21; 37:9; 38:12; 40:7; 43:18, 22, 25; 45:25; 46:3, 10, 19; 47:17 counsel's [2] - 3:11; 6:7 Count [1] - 17:24 countries [2] - 21:6, 11 country [4] - 32:16; 33:10, 14; 36:1 country's [1] - 21:10 couple [3] - 4:4; 39:20; 43:14 court [1] - 50:18 Court [52] - 2:14; 4:17, 20, 22; 6:20, 23; 7:2, 6, 8, 11, 15; 9:25; 12:6, 16; 13:3; 15:18; 16:12; 18:10; 19:3; 23:6-8, 13; 24:5, 12, 18, 22; 25:9; 26:7, 15, 20; 27:14; 30:18; 31:5, 13, 24; 32:6, 9; 35:6; 37:20; 38:2, 11; 39:10; 47:1, 25; 48:1, 6; 51:11, 22 Court's [14] - 5:25; 17:19; 18:14; 24:19; 27:17; 30:19; 31:4; 33:14; 34:21; 42:5, 8, 17; 43:15; 48:5 Courthouse [1] - 2:15 courtroom [3] - 5:5; 7:19; 10:17 COURTROOM [3] - 3:4, 6; 39:18 courtrooms [2] - 26:2; 30:25 courts [1] - 26:5 covered [2] - 10:10; 14:12 Covington [1] - 3:16 COVINGTON [2] - 2:2, 7 crime [7] - 6:12; 8:22; 11:8; 23:10; 24:5; 32:11; 42:20 crimes [1] - 23:20 Criminal [2] - 1:4; 39:18 criminal [9] - 3:6; 17:7; 18:6; 25:5; 33:22; 35:1 criminality [1] - 50:22 criticize [1] - 45:13 DOOD 5 5 55 CRR [3] - 2:14; 51:18, 22 crystal [1] - 32:2 curious [1] - 40:12 curtail [1] - 44:21 D D.C [2] - 1:8; 2:15 date [7] - 15:4; 49:5-7, 15, 17 Date [1] - 51:22 dated [1] - 14:1 days [2] - 36:2; 47:24 DC [4] - 1:16, 20; 2:4, 8 deal [4] - 4:6; 40:11; 43:17 DECEMBER [1] - 3:1 December [11] - 1:6; 10:5; 20:3, 8, 22, 25; 21:13, 18; 22:3; 34:23 decided [3] - 6:11; 17:4; 50:18 decision [3] - 21:3; 44:2, 8 decisions [2] - 41:14; 43:23 decisively [1] - 44:10 defeat [1] - 21:23 Defendant [2] - 1:8; 2:2 defendant [32] - 3:16; 4:20, 23; 5:7; 6:23; 9:23; 13:12; 23:16, 21; 24:6, 20, 25; 25:10; 27:6, 12, 20, 23; 28:3, 7, 23; 30:23; 31:2; 32:4, 7; 35:19, 22; 36:2, 8; 41:3 DEFENDANT [34] - 3:20; 7:21, 25; 8:7, 10, 15, 19, 23, 25; 9:7, 17, 20; 10:2, 6, 9, 14, 20; 11:16; 16:4, 7, 21, 23; 17:1; 29:23; 30:8, 15, 21; 31:11, 16; 33:24; 34:8, 16; 48:12; 50:5 defendant's [8] - 9:23; 24:12, 23-25; 25:2; 31:6; 38:10 defendants [4] - 12:14; 24:1; 43:2 defense [4] - 8:18; 15:13; 38:17; 39:22 defer [1] - 44:13 degree [1] - 12:1 delay [2] - 21:22; 22:2 delayed [1] - 19:1 delaying [1] - 46:23 depart [1] - 24:19 DEPARTMENT [2] - 1:14, 19 Department [3] - 2:11; 3:21; 22:9 departure [4] - 18:11, 21; 24:15; 27:9 deputy [2] - 5:6; 7:19 Deputy [1] - 6:4 der [3] - 12:12; 42:11, 17 describes [1] - 19:23 description [2] - 5:13; 30:2 desire [2] - 20:11; 30:20 determination [1] - 27:4 determine [2] - 34:21; 40:17 determined [2] - 18:23; 19:2 determining [2] - 23:12; 24:21 deterrence [2] - 23:10, 19 different [3] - 30:5; 33:3; 36:16 diminish [1] - 41:17 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R - 55 - directed [3] - 21:19; 22:18; 39:21 directing [1] - 23:3 direction [1] - 23:2 Director [2] - 6:5; 47:17 disagree [1] - 43:10 disagreed [1] - 49:1 disclose [1] - 4:8 discuss [2] - 4:9; 15:23 discussed [2] - 14:17; 20:11 Discussion [1] - 49:10 discussion [1] - 26:9 discussions [1] - 30:24 disdain [1] - 33:22 disgust [1] - 33:22 disparities [1] - 23:25 dispute [1] - 45:22 dissuaded [1] - 11:18 distinguish [3] - 12:10; 37:8; 42:11 distinguishable [1] - 42:13 distinguishing [1] - 38:11 District [4] - 27:18, 21; 28:5, 10 DISTRICT [3] - 1:1, 11 docket [3] - 4:15; 7:5; 13:20 document [5] - 4:16, 18, 21-22; 27:22 documents [8] - 6:22; 14:8, 23; 15:1, 18; 22:8, 11; 33:8 done [4] - 31:22; 32:8; 34:10 doubt [4] - 12:1; 35:20; 38:8, 18 downward [3] - 18:11; 24:15; 27:8 draft [3] - 14:5, 10, 22 drafted [1] - 14:24 during [1] - 19:10 E early [2] - 40:21; 43:23 Eastern [4] - 27:18, 21; 28:4, 10 ed [1] - 22:24 EDVA [4] - 46:15, 22, 25; 47:19 effect [1] - 20:4 efforts [4] - 19:1, 13; 26:3, 8 Egypt [2] - 21:7, 13 eight [1] - 24:1 either [5] - 10:17; 28:20; 35:16; 39:21; 47:12 eke [1] - 46:24 Ekim [2] - 27:19; 28:22 Elect [1] - 33:1 election [2] - 19:14; 20:7 elections [1] - 36:1 elements [2] - 40:15; 41:7 elsewhere [1] - 10:18 Email [4] - 1:17, 21; 2:5, 10 EMMET [1] - 1:11 emphasize [2] - 17:9; 46:1 emphasizes [1] - 24:6 employed [1] - 43:3 end [33] - 5:15, 18, 20; 6:3, 5; 9:4; 6 RWW 11:24; 18:13, 24; 19:4, 15, 17; 20:1, 15, 19, 21; 21:8, 12, 18, 21, 23; 22:17, 23; 26:15; 30:3; 36:20; 37:2, 6, 17; 40:25; 46:4 ended [2] - 30:23; 40:1 ends [1] - 31:25 endured [1] - 25:1 ensure [3] - 6:12; 7:12; 29:24 entered [4] - 7:12; 8:16; 16:9; 26:23 entering [1] - 10:4 entirely [1] - 41:16 entitled [2] - 11:1; 51:19 entrapped [1] - 11:11 escalate [3] - 20:12, 14; 21:3 escalating [1] - 20:1 especially [1] - 36:16 Esq [2] - 2:2, 6 evaluate [2] - 26:8; 31:21 evaluates [1] - 5:25 event [1] - 48:10 eventual [1] - 50:15 evidence [1] - 36:6 exactly [2] - 29:9; 47:4 example [1] - 36:18 examples [2] - 40:14; 45:15 excuse [3] - 29:12; 38:20; 50:6 Executive [1] - 20:4 executive [1] - 20:5 exist [1] - 12:17 expected [1] - 31:2 expects [1] - 46:22 explain [1] - 13:24 explained [1] - 6:5 exposure [5] - 28:16, 23; 29:3, 7 extension [1] - 5:4 extensive [1] - 46:9 extensively [1] - 10:10 extent [5] - 22:15; 24:24; 31:6, 14; 32:4 extenuating [1] - 48:22 F fact [11] - 6:4; 11:14, 18; 12:14; 22:17; 32:1; 35:24; 37:3, 7; 44:7 factors [5] - 12:13; 23:13; 24:4 Facts [2] - 19:5, 23 facts [6] - 5:20, 24; 17:18; 19:6; 35:4; 45:13 factual [1] - 16:14 fair [6] - 28:12; 31:4; 34:17; 35:13; 47:4 false [21] - 7:23; 10:12; 17:24; 19:10, 18, 23; 22:6, 13, 20, 24; 24:9; 28:3, 20-21, 23; 32:12; 33:3, 7; 35:15; 38:4; 43:4 falsely [2] - 19:24; 20:18 far [1] - 30:2 FARA [4] - 22:10; 28:3; 35:15; 36:17 DOOD 5 5 55 Fax [2] - 2:5, 9 FBI [28] - 3:12; 5:21, 23; 6:4, 10-11, 17, 25; 8:9, 21; 9:3; 11:7, 11, 23, 25; 12:2; 13:25; 19:11, 14; 21:9; 32:24; 33:3; 37:23; 43:4; 45:8 FD-302 [6] - 6:19, 21, 25; 7:3; 14:6; 15:5 Federal [2] - 24:9; 32:13 federal [3] - 8:22; 11:8; 36:1 felony [3] - 17:10; 29:10, 16 felt [3] - 12:15; 15:7; 40:2 few [4] - 16:18; 34:18; 40:13; 41:11 file [5] - 7:5; 9:23; 13:10; 18:21; 49:17 filed [11] - 4:16; 13:19; 14:14; 22:11; 24:14; 28:4; 29:25; 33:8; 36:19, 22 files [2] - 18:11; 24:18 filing [7] - 4:5; 14:9, 16; 22:8; 27:8; 28:4 filings [1] - 22:12 finally [3] - 16:2; 22:6, 24 fine [10] - 18:2, 8; 31:19; 44:17, 19; 48:1; 49:7, 17-18, 20 fines [1] - 23:9 finish [1] - 44:20 finished [1] - 26:21 first [6] - 5:2; 7:11; 17:17; 25:12; 41:13; 44:1 five [8] - 17:10; 18:1; 23:21; 25:9; 28:19; 29:10, 16 five-year [3] - 17:10; 28:19; 29:10 flag [1] - 33:12 Flynn [82] - 3:7, 16, 18; 4:2; 5:4, 19, 22, 24; 6:4, 8, 10, 12-13, 16, 21; 7:12, 18, 20; 10:25; 11:8, 10, 22; 12:1, 7, 18; 13:24; 15:23; 16:8, 17; 17:8, 23; 18:8, 16, 23, 25; 19:6, 9, 18, 24; 20:9, 13, 16, 18, 25; 21:2, 5, 9, 19, 24; 22:3, 6, 11, 14, 20, 24; 23:4; 24:16; 25:18, 21; 26:10; 29:4, 19, 22; 31:21, 23; 33:25; 35:11, 15; 37:19; 39:19, 22; 40:10, 18; 43:11; 45:20; 46:8, 16; 47:16; 48:2; 50:2 FLYNN [2] - 1:6; 7:21 Flynn's [16] - 5:11; 6:25; 7:3, 8; 11:13; 13:11, 21; 16:14; 19:23; 20:21; 24:4, 14; 25:4; 38:25; 41:14, 17 focus [4] - 4:3; 5:2; 23:7 focused [1] - 22:21 focuses [2] - 5:19; 32:9 follow [2] - 19:6; 20:19 follow-up [1] - 20:19 following [1] - 36:2 footnotes [2] - 14:22, 24 FOR [1] - 1:1 foregoing [1] - 51:18 foreign [4] - 21:20; 22:7; 33:10; 39:23 Foreign [3] - 22:9, 12; 33:8 forever [1] - 8:13 forfeited [1] - 37:21 former [4] - 6:4; 43:17, 20; 45:16 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R - 56 - forth [2] - 23:13, 23 forward [5] - 3:8; 11:5; 25:13; 29:24; 47:4 four [5] - 22:6; 23:19; 25:9; 45:2; 48:19 four-star [2] - 45:2; 48:19 frame [1] - 41:14 frank [1] - 32:11 frankly [2] - 5:16; 14:15 front [7] - 17:20; 34:1; 36:14; 38:3; 41:2; 48:6 full [5] - 5:17; 31:3, 6; 32:4; 34:3 fully [6] - 12:19; 26:8; 27:14; 30:4; 31:14; 32:3 fulsome [1] - 7:13 G gains [1] - 24:25 general [3] - 43:20; 45:2; 48:19 General [11] - 12:18; 25:21; 35:11; 41:14, 17; 43:11; 45:3, 20; 46:8, 16; 47:16 generally [1] - 14:15 generosity [1] - 40:17 gentlemen [2] - 17:15, 19 given [2] - 14:20; 35:24 glad [1] - 42:15 glare [1] - 39:2 government [42] - 4:17, 21; 6:24; 7:4; 18:11; 19:2, 20; 21:21; 24:9, 14, 18; 25:12, 19, 21; 26:8, 12, 21; 27:5; 30:2, 13-14; 31:9, 20; 33:17; 34:18; 35:12, 19; 36:4, 6, 19, 22; 38:9; 39:21; 40:18; 41:2; 42:19; 43:3; 45:17; 48:13; 49:12, 25; 51:7 government's [12] - 4:18; 5:14; 27:10; 29:25; 30:11; 35:10, 17; 37:1, 4, 16; 46:6; 50:21 governments [3] - 21:20, 22; 22:7 GRACK [35] - 3:10; 15:11, 13; 25:20, 24; 27:1, 4; 28:1, 9, 14, 17; 29:2, 6, 11, 15; 34:24; 35:2, 4, 9, 17; 36:4, 11, 14, 25; 37:16, 25; 38:9, 23; 39:9, 25; 40:20, 24; 48:15; 50:1; 51:10 Grack [2] - 1:13; 3:11 Grand [1] - 26:22 grant [2] - 18:11; 34:11 grave [1] - 29:3 great [2] - 4:5; 47:1 greater [1] - 23:9 Gregory [2] - 2:12; 3:23 Group [1] - 22:14 guarantees [1] - 33:21 guess [2] - 43:2, 6 guideline [1] - 17:9 Guideline [6] - 18:3, 8; 25:6; 37:2, 7, 17 Guidelines [11] - 18:9, 12, 22; 23:24; 24:16, 21; 25:8, 10; 32:10; 36:21; 46:4 6 RWW guilty [29] - 4:2; 7:9, 12, 16-17; 8:12, 17; 9:2; 10:4, 8, 15; 11:22; 12:20; 13:11, 13, 21; 15:24; 16:2, 5, 9, 11, 15; 17:23; 19:6; 26:23; 28:16; 29:7 H hands [1] - 4:13 happy [3] - 10:19; 34:14; 51:12 harsh [1] - 41:25 hate [1] - 34:25 hear [2] - 25:12; 44:1 heard [2] - 30:22; 48:4 hearing [1] - 4:24 heavily [1] - 24:7 held [3] - 30:25; 46:8, 14 help [5] - 26:13, 19, 23-24; 32:7 helpful [2] - 8:18; 50:24 hesitant [1] - 36:15 hiding [1] - 33:22 high [12] - 24:8; 32:14; 42:19; 43:3, 11, 16-17; 44:4, 8; 45:2, 21, 23 high-ranking [4] - 24:8; 42:19; 43:3, 11 higher [1] - 43:19 highlight [2] - 45:15; 46:8 highlighted [1] - 14:2 highlights [2] - 6:4, 10 highly [1] - 24:3 Hill [1] - 22:25 history [9] - 12:24; 17:7; 18:6; 23:15; 24:6; 25:5 hold [2] - 17:3; 34:6 holidays [1] - 51:13 Honor [88] - 3:4, 6, 10, 14-15, 22; 5:1, 10; 8:7, 10, 15, 19; 9:7, 17; 10:2, 6, 9, 14, 20, 24; 11:3, 6, 9, 12, 16, 20; 12:3, 9, 23; 13:8, 14, 18, 22; 14:3; 16:4, 7, 23; 17:12, 22; 25:20, 24; 27:1; 28:1, 9, 14, 17, 22; 29:6, 11, 15, 23; 30:9, 15, 21; 31:11, 16; 33:24; 34:16, 24; 36:11, 25; 37:25; 38:9, 23; 39:4, 7, 9, 18, 25; 40:5, 20, 24; 41:10, 14; 43:10; 44:14, 24; 46:1, 23; 48:12, 15; 49:11, 22; 50:1, 5, 23; 51:6, 14 HONORABLE [1] - 1:11 hour [1] - 50:17 House [7] - 6:7; 24:11; 32:14; 39:23; 42:21; 43:6 hypothetically [1] - 36:9 I identified [1] - 28:7 identify [3] - 3:9; 12:16; 38:11 imaginable [1] - 47:18 immediately [3] - 6:22; 7:3; 20:13 impact [7] - 19:19, 21; 30:19; 32:9; DOOD 5 5 55 48:24; 50:22; 51:9 impeded [3] - 19:19, 21; 50:21 impeding [1] - 51:9 implications [1] - 38:14 implies [1] - 6:14 important [3] - 12:16; 40:7; 51:3 importantly [1] - 8:3 impose [4] - 23:8; 31:13; 46:5; 48:25 imposed [6] - 19:4; 20:2, 24; 23:12; 33:19; 35:25 imposes [1] - 31:24 imprisonment [1] - 18:1 improving [1] - 22:21 IN [1] - 7:21 in-camera [2] - 4:19; 16:13 inadvertent [1] - 4:24 inadvertently [1] - 4:18 incarcerated [1] - 33:18 incarceration [9] - 12:12; 25:7; 33:16, 19; 37:6, 8, 11; 42:12; 46:5 incident [1] - 7:15 include [5] - 14:8; 15:14; 23:14; 36:22; 37:7 included [4] - 13:1; 15:16; 42:10; 45:17 including [11] - 14:12; 16:12; 21:20; 24:5; 36:21, 23; 37:5, 12; 38:2; 46:4 incoming [2] - 21:25; 33:1 Incorporated [1] - 22:14 independent [2] - 9:22, 25 indicate [1] - 48:4 indicated [1] - 15:14 indicating [1] - 4:11 indicating) [1] - 33:13 indicted [3] - 27:24; 29:5; 46:15 indictment [6] - 27:18, 24-25; 28:4, 13, 16 individual [1] - 28:24 individualized [1] - 24:3 individuals [3] - 26:4; 42:19, 23 indulgence [2] - 41:10; 44:18 influence [1] - 21:22 inform [3] - 7:22; 21:1; 27:14 information [10] - 4:6, 9; 8:18; 11:1, 4; 12:22; 17:24; 19:3; 36:14; 48:19 informed [2] - 21:25; 22:4 initiative [1] - 23:1 injury [1] - 24:25 inquire [2] - 17:5; 41:24 inquiry [2] - 41:20; 42:3 instance [1] - 17:17 Intel [1] - 22:14 intelligently [1] - 7:13 intend [1] - 7:17 intended [2] - 14:8; 37:12 intention [3] - 13:12; 37:14 intentional [1] - 36:24 intentionally [3] - 6:11; 12:1; 25:15 interfacing [2] - 35:12, 21 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R - 57 - interfere [1] - 19:13 interference [1] - 20:6 interfering [1] - 35:25 interpreted [1] - 38:10 interview [14] - 5:22; 6:6, 13, 22; 7:1, 3; 8:21; 9:3; 11:15, 19, 23; 14:6; 19:11; 37:23 interviewed [3] - 8:9, 14; 13:24 interviews [3] - 6:2; 30:14; 41:5 intrude [1] - 25:15 investigated [3] - 9:4; 11:24; 19:14 Investigation [2] - 24:10; 32:13 investigation [17] - 5:15; 12:11; 14:20; 18:24; 19:12, 14, 19, 21-22; 43:18, 22; 44:3, 6; 45:25; 47:17; 50:21; 51:9 investigations [4] - 24:14, 17; 27:12; 32:21 investigators [1] - 8:22 invite [2] - 7:18; 29:18 involve [2] - 30:12 involved [3] - 9:3; 11:23; 22:15 involves [1] - 32:12 involving [3] - 6:6; 45:2, 16 Israeli [2] - 21:14 issue [3] - 5:12; 21:14; 41:5 issues [4] - 4:3; 7:9 itself [1] - 43:8 J jail [1] - 43:1 January [10] - 5:21; 6:16; 8:20; 9:3; 11:23; 13:25; 14:2; 19:9; 37:24 join [2] - 25:14; 48:2 Judge [3] - 10:10; 34:5; 38:3 judge [3] - 4:2; 15:11; 17:17 JUDGE [1] - 1:11 Jury [1] - 26:22 JUSTICE [2] - 1:14, 19 Justice [1] - 22:9 K keep [1] - 8:1 Kelly [2] - 2:11; 3:22 KELNER [52] - 3:15; 5:1, 10; 10:24; 11:3, 6, 9, 12, 20; 12:3, 9; 13:4, 7, 12, 18, 22; 14:3; 17:12, 22; 39:4, 7; 40:5; 41:10, 13, 21; 42:4, 8; 43:10, 14; 44:14, 16, 18, 20, 23; 45:1, 6, 8, 10, 15; 47:6, 11, 13, 15; 49:3, 11, 15, 19, 22, 24; 50:23; 51:6, 14 Kelner [2] - 2:2; 3:15 kind [1] - 44:8 Kislyak [1] - 19:25 knowing [5] - 9:10; 12:21; 38:5; 44:4; 45:23 knowingly [1] - 7:13 6 RWW knows [4] - 4:1; 32:1; 34:2 Kraemer [2] - 2:11; 3:23 KRAEMER [1] - 3:22 Kraemer-Soares [2] - 2:11; 3:23 KRAEMER-SOARES [1] - 3:22 L Lago [1] - 20:10 Lang [1] - 1:13 language [1] - 36:22 largely [1] - 46:20 larger [1] - 45:24 last [3] - 13:19; 44:20; 46:24 law [2] - 23:17; 34:23 lawyer [2] - 11:14, 18 lawyers [1] - 34:5 leading [2] - 44:15 learn [1] - 21:21 learned [1] - 4:11 least [1] - 7:10 leave [1] - 4:6 lectern [1] - 3:8 left [1] - 47:20 legal [1] - 11:7 legitimate [2] - 40:23; 41:24 less [1] - 33:20 level [4] - 17:7; 18:5; 25:4; 36:3 lie [2] - 32:23; 33:2 lied [6] - 5:22; 12:1, 7, 15; 32:24; 33:2 lies [2] - 32:25; 45:17 light [1] - 9:5 likelihood [1] - 26:24 likely [2] - 46:16, 18 lines [1] - 26:10 links [1] - 19:15 listen [1] - 32:3 literally [1] - 47:16 LLP [2] - 2:2, 7 Logan [1] - 35:5 low [6] - 36:20; 37:2, 6, 17; 43:23; 46:4 lower [1] - 24:20 lying [4] - 6:11; 8:21; 11:8; 45:8 M machine [1] - 2:17 maintained [1] - 7:16 maintaining [1] - 8:11 majority [2] - 27:13, 15 manner [1] - 20:15 Mar [1] - 20:10 Mar-a-Lago [1] - 20:10 March [7] - 22:11; 49:5, 15, 19, 21; 50:11; 51:5 marshal [1] - 39:12 Marshal [1] - 39:13 material [8] - 6:24; 7:2; 10:22; 15:19; DOOD 5 5 55 19:19, 21; 50:21 materiality [1] - 51:9 materially [1] - 19:10 materials [2] - 16:12 mathematical [2] - 17:6, 11 matter [4] - 10:16; 42:7; 48:10; 51:19 matters [4] - 25:16; 30:12; 38:12; 48:11 maximum [3] - 18:1; 26:17; 29:15 McCabe [5] - 6:5; 14:7, 19, 24; 15:15 McCausland [1] - 3:12 mean [5] - 26:14; 32:1; 33:12; 42:18; 49:4 meaningfully [1] - 42:12 meant [1] - 37:11 measures [1] - 20:23 meet [1] - 6:8 member [2] - 11:25; 21:19 members [1] - 21:2 memo [3] - 13:6; 37:4; 38:6 memoranda [1] - 6:25 Memorandum [1] - 5:11 memorandum [21] - 5:14, 20; 6:16, 19; 9:1; 11:21; 12:5; 14:1, 7, 19, 24; 15:4, 15; 24:16, 18; 36:19; 37:20; 38:14; 41:15; 42:22 memorialized [1] - 44:7 mention [1] - 28:8 mentioned [1] - 12:4 merit [1] - 27:7 met [1] - 44:9 Michael [3] - 3:7, 16; 39:19 MICHAEL [2] - 1:6; 7:21 microphone [2] - 25:13; 48:3 mid [1] - 40:1 mid-November [1] - 40:1 might [5] - 12:23; 14:16; 42:16; 47:23; 50:25 military [1] - 32:19 mind [2] - 32:3; 38:8 minimize [1] - 33:6 minimizing [2] - 29:9; 35:16 misconduct [3] - 9:4; 11:24 misdemeanor [4] - 45:7, 10, 18; 48:21 misleading [1] - 15:7 miss [1] - 44:22 misspoke [2] - 6:18; 42:2 misspoken [1] - 39:24 mitigating [1] - 38:16 moderated [1] - 20:20 modicum [2] - 46:21, 24 moment [1] - 28:18 months [6] - 17:9; 18:4; 25:6; 26:16; 33:7 moreover [1] - 33:2 MORNING [1] - 3:1 morning [13] - 3:3-5, 10, 13-15, 18-19, 22, 25; 4:17; 5:8 Moses [2] - 2:12; 3:23 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R - 58 - Moses-Gregory [2] - 2:12; 3:23 most [4] - 8:3; 26:1; 33:5 motion [7] - 4:17; 13:10; 18:12, 21; 24:15; 25:11; 27:8 move [2] - 16:16; 29:24 moving [1] - 11:5 MR [88] - 3:10, 15; 5:1, 10; 10:24; 11:3, 6, 9, 12, 20; 12:3, 9; 13:4, 7, 12, 18, 22; 14:3; 15:11, 13; 17:12, 22; 25:20, 24; 27:1, 4; 28:1, 9, 14, 17; 29:2, 6, 11, 15; 34:24; 35:2, 4, 9, 17; 36:4, 11, 14, 25; 37:16, 25; 38:9, 23; 39:4, 7, 9, 25; 40:5, 20, 24; 41:10, 13, 21; 42:4, 8; 43:10, 14; 44:14, 16, 18, 20, 23; 45:1, 6, 8, 10, 15; 47:6, 11, 13, 15; 48:15; 49:3, 8, 11, 15, 19, 22, 24; 50:1, 23; 51:6, 10, 14 MS [2] - 3:14, 22 Mueller [1] - 47:17 multiple [2] - 22:11; 33:8 must [3] - 7:11; 23:8, 13 N Naeem [1] - 1:18 named [2] - 14:24 names [1] - 15:5 nation [1] - 43:23 national [2] - 23:5; 33:5 National [5] - 19:8; 33:4, 10; 43:20; 45:16 Nations [2] - 21:7, 14 nature [8] - 5:13; 10:7; 16:10; 19:15; 23:14; 24:24; 27:11; 31:14 necessary [2] - 9:23; 23:9 need [14] - 4:3; 5:3; 13:16; 19:20; 23:16, 18-19, 21, 24; 24:1; 30:6; 39:11, 24; 47:9 needs [1] - 23:7 never [3] - 39:1; 41:6; 42:1 new [1] - 4:16 next [2] - 20:9; 21:17 nod-nod [2] - 47:9, 11 none [2] - 48:22; 50:5 nonpublic [3] - 4:6, 9 noon [1] - 49:20 normally [3] - 5:6; 16:17; 30:24 note [2] - 42:21; 45:1 nothing [9] - 13:19; 26:23; 31:20; 32:7; 38:24; 46:8, 14; 49:24 notwithstanding [1] - 25:11 November [3] - 4:21; 22:25; 40:1 number [3] - 9:13; 27:5; 43:16 NW [4] - 1:15, 19; 2:3, 7 O oath [4] - 5:6, 8; 7:20; 38:3 Obama [3] - 20:2, 24 6 RWW object [1] - 51:10 objected [1] - 14:13 objection [3] - 5:10; 15:9; 48:14 objections [4] - 4:25; 5:9; 17:6, 11 obligated [3] - 18:10, 15; 24:19 obligation [1] - 11:7 obligations [1] - 45:21 obtained [1] - 30:2 obtaining [1] - 27:21 occur [1] - 47:2 occurred [1] - 39:15 OF [5] - 1:1, 3, 10, 14, 19 offended [1] - 4:12 Offense [2] - 28:2; 35:17 offense [17] - 5:13; 6:1; 16:2, 6; 17:7; 18:5; 23:15, 17; 24:8; 25:4; 28:19; 32:17; 33:23; 35:1; 41:7; 45:22 offenses [4] - 35:20; 40:9, 16; 42:24 office [4] - 6:7; 10:18; 43:17; 45:21 Office [15] - 1:15; 14:11, 17; 15:3, 8; 18:17, 21; 37:9; 38:13; 40:8; 43:18, 25; 46:3, 10, 19 Officer [2] - 2:11, 13 officer [1] - 32:15 officers [1] - 43:5 official [6] - 20:10, 17; 23:5; 24:9; 42:20; 43:3 Official [2] - 2:14; 51:22 officials [8] - 9:3; 11:23; 20:10; 21:20; 22:17; 23:3; 32:24; 45:17 often [3] - 26:6, 20; 30:25 omission [1] - 4:24 omissions [4] - 19:10, 18; 22:7, 13 omitted [1] - 4:18 One [2] - 2:3, 8 one [21] - 4:18; 14:11; 15:11; 17:14; 19:24; 23:14; 25:7; 27:6; 29:1, 12; 35:7, 11, 16; 38:20; 42:19, 25; 43:2, 7, 16; 45:2; 50:6 ongoing [2] - 32:21 op [1] - 22:24 op-ed [1] - 22:24 open [3] - 19:12; 32:3; 50:17 opening [1] - 37:5 opinion [7] - 5:5; 9:24; 10:1; 36:1; 37:21; 42:17; 48:23 opportunity [12] - 8:5; 9:5, 14-15; 14:4; 16:19; 17:3; 26:19; 36:25; 40:25; 50:24 opposed [1] - 22:1 order [3] - 14:13; 20:5; 27:14 Order [1] - 20:4 ordered [3] - 6:23; 7:4 organizations' [1] - 22:22 original [2] - 14:5; 17:17 originally [2] - 14:8, 23 otherwise [3] - 4:24; 6:23; 49:6 own [1] - 23:1 DOOD 5 5 55 P p.m [3] - 39:16; 51:15 paid [1] - 29:21 Palestinian [1] - 21:16 Papadopoulos [3] - 12:12; 42:11, 17 paragraph [1] - 37:5 part [6] - 12:5; 13:20; 19:14; 28:4; 36:3; 45:24 participants [1] - 6:9 particular [4] - 14:16; 21:11; 23:12; 37:8 parties [3] - 3:8; 18:3, 13 party [1] - 4:8 passages [1] - 13:5 path [1] - 27:4 pause [3] - 29:13; 38:21; 50:7 penalize [1] - 42:1 penalty [1] - 29:16 pending [1] - 46:15 Pennsylvania [2] - 1:15, 19 people [7] - 26:1, 18; 30:25; 33:2; 43:24; 48:7 performed [2] - 22:16, 19 perhaps [3] - 14:14; 35:6; 47:24 period [1] - 37:3 person [3] - 26:21; 28:6 pertain [1] - 28:22 Petraeus [2] - 45:3; 48:18 phase [1] - 16:16 phone [1] - 20:13 physical [1] - 24:10 pick [1] - 10:18 Pierce [1] - 2:6 Plaintiff [1] - 1:4 plea [31] - 4:2; 5:2, 5, 7; 7:9, 13, 16; 8:5, 12, 17; 9:5; 10:4; 12:20; 13:11, 13, 21; 15:24; 16:1, 3, 9, 14-15; 17:17; 18:18-20; 26:9; 40:11; 45:4 plead [5] - 10:15; 17:23; 45:10, 18; 48:20 pleaded [1] - 19:5 pleading [3] - 10:8; 16:11; 29:7 pleas [1] - 26:22 pled [4] - 9:2; 10:4; 11:22; 45:7 podium [1] - 7:19 point [29] - 8:4; 15:11; 16:17; 17:2; 18:5; 27:2, 7; 29:18, 21; 31:18; 32:15; 33:17; 37:4; 41:19; 42:14-16, 24-25; 43:7; 44:15, 20; 45:20; 46:20; 50:12 pointed [1] - 12:13 points [6] - 12:10; 14:16; 37:19, 21; 41:11; 43:14 policy [1] - 23:23 position [10] - 14:20; 26:7; 27:15; 31:5; 32:6; 37:11; 38:15; 43:11; 46:3, 25 positions [1] - 21:10 possibility [3] - 25:20, 23; 26:18 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R - 59 - possible [1] - 34:5 possibly [1] - 34:11 postpone [4] - 10:16; 31:17; 48:5; 50:18 postponement [1] - 13:9 posture [1] - 4:1 potential [6] - 10:22; 27:16; 35:10; 38:13; 40:9; 44:5 potentially [2] - 35:4 precedence [1] - 45:19 preferences [1] - 15:7 premises [4] - 24:10; 32:13; 42:20; 43:5 prepared [10] - 6:21; 7:3; 32:3; 46:18, 23; 47:3, 10, 18; 50:15, 20 prerogative [1] - 31:13 present [2] - 11:14, 18 presented [1] - 38:11 presentence [3] - 5:15; 16:19 presided [1] - 41:6 President [9] - 19:9; 20:3, 22, 24; 33:1, 5, 11; 35:24; 43:4 President-Elect [1] - 33:1 presidential [2] - 19:13; 20:7 Press [1] - 33:1 pretrial [1] - 16:18 preventing [1] - 21:15 primary [1] - 22:23 principle [2] - 12:9; 22:16 private [1] - 9:11 privately [4] - 8:4; 9:14; 10:17; 39:13 probation [4] - 36:21, 23; 45:11, 19 Probation [5] - 2:11; 3:21, 24 proceed [16] - 13:14; 16:2, 4; 26:5; 27:5; 30:17, 20; 31:12; 33:15; 34:2; 41:9; 44:12; 47:10; 48:8 Proceedings [2] - 2:17; 51:15 PROCEEDINGS [1] - 1:10 proceedings [6] - 29:13; 38:2, 21; 39:15; 50:7; 51:19 proceeds [2] - 4:24; 31:24 process [3] - 12:23; 24:3; 47:15 produce [2] - 6:24 produced [3] - 2:17; 7:2; 12:22 production [1] - 4:19 proffered [1] - 41:4 profile [2] - 43:23; 45:2 project [2] - 22:15, 21 promise [2] - 34:3; 48:9 promises [2] - 26:14; 48:6 promising [1] - 47:12 promote [1] - 23:17 propose [1] - 49:19 prosecuted [2] - 35:8; 38:13 protect [2] - 23:11, 20 protective [1] - 14:13 proverbial [1] - 32:2 provide [6] - 23:18, 21; 24:1; 30:1; 31:9; 46:22 6 RWW provided [11] - 9:19; 10:23; 11:1; 16:12; 18:23; 24:17; 27:7, 11-12, 20 providing [2] - 6:19; 25:18 public [8] - 4:15; 7:5; 14:4; 23:11, 20; 25:16; 26:3; 43:24 publicly [2] - 29:25; 44:2 published [1] - 22:25 punishment [1] - 23:18 purpose [3] - 22:23; 40:9; 51:1 purposes [2] - 12:25; 14:11 pursuant [7] - 18:12, 22; 22:9, 12; 23:7; 24:15; 33:8 Putin [1] - 20:22 puzzling [1] - 13:23 Q questions [26] - 4:8; 5:3; 7:12; 8:4; 9:9, 12; 16:18, 24; 19:20; 23:6; 34:18, 20; 37:22; 39:5, 8, 21; 40:8, 22; 50:2, 13-14, 17, 19; 51:2, 8 quickest [1] - 6:5 quote [53] - 5:12, 15-16, 18, 20, 24; 6:3, 5-6, 21; 9:2, 4; 11:22, 24; 18:11, 13, 23-25; 19:4, 15-17, 25; 20:1, 14-15, 19-21; 21:5, 8-9, 12, 18-19, 21-23; 22:16, 21, 23; 30:1, 3, 5; 46:4 R Rafiekian [1] - 27:19 raise [4] - 4:13; 12:5; 42:15 raised [5] - 7:8; 12:9; 37:19; 42:15; 47:3 raises [2] - 12:1; 13:20 raising [2] - 12:6; 37:22 range [10] - 17:9, 13; 18:4, 8; 23:23; 25:6; 37:2, 7, 17; 46:4 rank [2] - 43:16; 44:4 ranking [5] - 24:8; 32:15; 42:19; 43:3, 11 rare [1] - 30:24 rather [2] - 28:7; 49:12 RDR [3] - 2:14; 51:18, 22 RDR-CRR [1] - 51:18 reaction [1] - 14:16 read [9] - 4:5, 22; 10:11; 16:11, 19, 22; 40:21; 45:14 reader [1] - 15:1 reading [1] - 13:5 ready [1] - 13:14 realized [1] - 30:4 really [5] - 14:11; 26:3; 35:23; 41:16; 42:18 reason [11] - 12:9; 14:15; 16:15; 25:25; 26:4; 28:2; 40:19; 41:2; 42:8; 46:22 reasonable [1] - 35:20 reasons [4] - 13:1; 26:7; 27:5; 42:10 DOOD 5 5 55 receive [4] - 6:14; 31:25; 33:15; 48:20 received [4] - 4:20, 22; 40:10; 43:1 recess [5] - 34:13; 39:1, 6, 10, 15 reciprocal [1] - 20:15 recognize [1] - 43:10 recognizes [1] - 45:20 recommendation [3] - 18:15; 37:1, 10 recommendations [1] - 31:5 recommended [1] - 36:20 reconfirmed [1] - 46:7 record [8] - 3:9; 6:23; 13:24; 17:16; 25:16; 40:3; 49:10; 51:18 redacted [2] - 7:5; 14:14 reduction [2] - 18:5; 24:21 reference [2] - 14:1; 15:4 references [1] - 12:4 referred [2] - 6:17; 22:10 referring [1] - 35:6 refers [1] - 28:3 reflect [2] - 23:10, 16 refrain [1] - 19:25 refusal [1] - 18:17 regard [1] - 34:14 regarding [5] - 5:21; 21:6; 22:7, 22; 41:14 Registration [3] - 22:10, 12; 33:9 regular [1] - 43:24 reiterated [1] - 46:2 reject [1] - 16:15 related [1] - 27:10 relative [1] - 6:1 relaxed [2] - 6:12 release [3] - 17:14; 18:2; 25:7 relevant [14] - 6:25; 7:4; 10:22; 12:17, 23; 14:23; 15:16; 17:19; 18:25; 19:3; 24:4; 30:24; 43:12; 51:3 reliability [1] - 24:24 reluctant [1] - 26:5 remain [1] - 43:23 remains [3] - 16:14; 25:20; 46:3 remember [1] - 20:18 removing [1] - 14:18 render [1] - 9:24 Renee [2] - 2:12; 3:23 rephrase [1] - 8:2 reply [2] - 36:22; 37:12 report [7] - 5:15; 16:19; 20:17; 49:12, 18 reported [1] - 2:17 Reporter [3] - 2:14; 51:22 represent [2] - 36:12; 37:6 representation [2] - 35:18; 37:16 representations [3] - 30:11; 37:9; 38:17 represented [2] - 6:15; 15:13 represents [1] - 35:18 Republic [1] - 22:8 request [8] - 15:6; 17:15; 20:21; 21:10; 34:12; 38:25; 46:12; 47:22 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R - 60 - requested [3] - 15:3; 20:14; 22:1 require [2] - 4:8; 5:7 required [1] - 31:9 research [2] - 9:24; 50:15 resistance [1] - 25:17 resolution [10] - 21:7, 12-13, 15, 17, 21, 23; 22:1, 5 resolve [1] - 23:7 Resort [1] - 20:11 respect [8] - 19:5; 23:6, 17; 25:17; 41:1, 5; 42:22; 47:19 respected [1] - 15:7 respects [1] - 42:13 respond [1] - 20:15 response [5] - 20:1, 6, 20, 23; 43:15 responsibility [15] - 5:17; 7:6, 10; 10:12; 12:8, 20; 18:6; 24:13; 37:22; 38:1, 4, 7, 19; 41:17, 23 restitution [1] - 24:1 result [3] - 20:21; 25:1; 42:12 resulted [1] - 12:11 resuming [1] - 39:18 retaliate [1] - 21:1 retaliatory [1] - 20:23 revealed [1] - 4:15 revelations [3] - 9:2, 6; 11:22 review [2] - 8:17; 9:23 reviewed [1] - 16:13 reviewing [1] - 7:2 rights [2] - 11:13, 17 rises [1] - 36:2 rkelner@cov.com [1] - 2:5 Robert [2] - 2:2; 3:15 room [2] - 9:11; 39:12 Room [2] - 1:20; 2:15 rose [1] - 44:9 Ruffin [2] - 39:12, 14 run [1] - 28:25 Russia [12] - 19:16; 20:2, 6, 12, 14, 20; 21:1, 6, 20; 22:1, 4; 35:25 Russia's [3] - 19:13; 20:6; 21:3 Russian [2] - 19:25; 34:22 S sacrifice [1] - 32:19 sanctions [6] - 20:1, 5, 11, 21, 23; 35:25 sandbag [1] - 51:1 Sandy [1] - 45:16 santhony@cov.com [1] - 2:10 satisfactory [1] - 7:14 satisfied [4] - 9:18; 16:8; 31:20; 38:16 scheduled [1] - 21:17 Scott [4] - 2:14; 51:18, 20, 22 scottlyn01@aol.com [1] - 2:16 script [1] - 4:11 seal [2] - 14:14; 16:13 sealed [3] - 4:17; 26:2; 30:25 6 RWW seat [3] - 17:15, 21; 34:18 second [5] - 9:24; 10:1; 29:12; 38:20; 50:6 Secretary [1] - 33:2 section [1] - 23:8 Section [6] - 6:2; 17:25; 18:12, 22; 24:15; 25:11 sections [1] - 42:10 Security [8] - 19:8; 21:7, 14, 16; 33:4, 10; 43:20; 45:16 security [3] - 23:5; 32:15; 33:6 see [4] - 4:13; 12:23; 39:1; 48:18 seek [2] - 9:5; 11:4 seeks [1] - 30:1 send [1] - 44:4 sending [1] - 45:24 senior [9] - 20:9, 17; 21:2, 18; 23:4; 24:8; 32:24; 33:5 sense [1] - 47:25 sensitive [2] - 15:20; 28:11 sent [1] - 14:22 sentence [29] - 18:1, 14; 19:4; 23:8, 12, 16, 18, 20, 25; 24:19; 25:9; 26:16; 31:14, 23, 25; 33:16, 19, 21; 34:22; 37:1, 17; 43:1; 46:4; 48:9, 18, 25 sentenced [3] - 42:23; 45:11, 18 sentences [2] - 23:22; 28:25 sentencing [41] - 4:3; 5:14; 6:16; 7:4; 8:12; 9:1; 11:5, 21; 12:5, 17, 25; 13:5, 15, 25; 16:16; 19:1; 23:6, 23; 26:5, 13, 20; 29:25; 30:17, 19-20, 23; 31:12, 24; 32:3; 34:2; 36:19; 37:4, 20; 40:16; 41:15; 44:12; 46:24; 47:22; 50:16, 18 SENTENCING [1] - 1:10 Sentencing [6] - 5:12; 18:12, 22; 23:24; 24:16; 30:1 September [1] - 21:8 Sergey [1] - 19:25 serious [6] - 24:8; 32:12, 17, 23; 36:15; 45:21 seriously [1] - 7:7 seriousness [4] - 5:25; 23:10, 17; 24:5 served [3] - 19:6, 8; 43:11 service [2] - 32:16, 19 services [1] - 9:19 serving [4] - 23:4; 33:4, 10; 39:23 SESSION [1] - 3:1 set [4] - 23:13, 23; 43:19; 44:9 settlements [2] - 21:15 seven [1] - 23:24 several [6] - 5:22; 21:6; 23:13; 24:13; 32:20 share [3] - 50:8, 13, 17 shared [2] - 14:10; 20:11 shorthand [1] - 2:17 shortly [1] - 20:16 shy [1] - 4:10 signal [2] - 44:5; 45:24 signed [1] - 20:3 DOOD 5 5 55 significance [1] - 24:22 significant [1] - 29:5 silence [1] - 44:1 similar [1] - 29:7 similarly [1] - 23:25 simply [2] - 14:19; 15:4 situated [1] - 23:25 situation [4] - 20:1, 12, 15; 21:4 six [5] - 17:10; 18:4; 23:22; 25:6, 9 so... [1] - 45:14 SOARES [1] - 3:22 Soares [2] - 2:11; 3:23 sold [1] - 33:13 someone [6] - 7:16; 26:11, 15-16; 28:16; 48:19 sorry [1] - 48:18 sort [1] - 35:21 sounds [1] - 41:22 special [1] - 9:21 Special [23] - 1:15; 12:11, 13; 14:6, 11, 17; 15:3, 8; 18:16, 21; 37:9; 38:12; 40:7; 43:18, 22, 25; 44:7; 45:24; 46:3, 9, 19; 47:17 specific [2] - 37:10; 42:9 specifically [5] - 14:6, 25; 22:8 spend [1] - 50:17 spoken [2] - 30:13; 41:4 Staff [1] - 33:1 stand [4] - 4:13; 17:20; 39:10 standard [3] - 43:19; 44:9; 45:23 stands [2] - 12:20; 33:13 star [3] - 43:20; 45:2; 48:19 start [1] - 7:17 started [1] - 9:9 starting [1] - 19:9 statement [2] - 22:24; 39:22 Statement [4] - 19:5, 23; 28:2; 35:17 statements [25] - 10:13; 17:24; 19:10, 18, 24; 21:5; 22:6, 13, 20; 23:23; 24:9; 28:3, 21, 23; 32:12; 33:4, 7; 35:15; 38:1, 3, 5, 18; 43:4, 24 STATES [3] - 1:1, 3, 11 states [6] - 5:12, 15; 9:1; 11:21; 24:16; 37:4 States [10] - 1:13; 3:7, 11; 23:24; 32:8; 33:11; 34:11; 35:25; 39:19; 43:4 States' [1] - 33:5 stating [2] - 22:13, 20 status [6] - 10:18; 47:24; 49:12, 18 statute [1] - 41:2 statutory [1] - 17:10 Stephen [2] - 2:6; 3:17 still [4] - 10:15; 25:18; 26:24; 46:15 stood [1] - 21:21 stop [2] - 42:14; 44:11 Street [2] - 2:3, 7 strictly [1] - 12:24 strike [2] - 6:18; 16:18 Strozk [4] - 14:7, 18, 25; 15:15 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R - 61 - submission [2] - 27:9; 38:10 submissions [1] - 15:17 submit [1] - 43:14 submitted [2] - 21:7, 13 subsequent [1] - 36:21 substantial [8] - 18:23; 24:13, 17; 27:8, 20; 30:3, 18; 32:20 sufficient [1] - 23:9 suggest [3] - 47:23; 49:6, 12 suggesting [3] - 40:11, 22 suggestion [2] - 46:23; 47:7 SULLIVAN [1] - 1:11 summarizing [1] - 27:9 supervised [4] - 17:14; 18:2; 22:18; 25:7 supervising [1] - 23:4 supervision [1] - 23:2 support [1] - 35:5 surprise [1] - 50:12 surrogate [1] - 19:7 surrounding [2] - 5:21; 37:23 SWORN [1] - 7:21 T table [2] - 3:12, 17 Team [1] - 32:25 team [3] - 19:8; 21:2, 19 ten [3] - 28:20; 29:16 ten-year [2] - 28:20; 29:16 ten-years [1] - 29:17 Tenth [2] - 2:3, 7 term [4] - 37:5, 7, 11; 46:5 terms [8] - 15:14; 35:10, 19-20; 36:5, 7; 38:15, 17 terrible [1] - 40:3 territories [1] - 21:16 testified [1] - 26:22 testify [2] - 46:17 testimony [1] - 47:21 themselves [3] - 9:4; 11:24; 26:19 then-President [3] - 20:3, 24; 35:24 then-Press [1] - 33:1 then-Vice [1] - 32:25 theorists [1] - 40:14 therefore [2] - 16:16; 25:5 thereto [1] - 36:21 Thereupon [1] - 39:15 thinking [1] - 41:22 thoughts [1] - 51:2 three [7] - 17:14; 18:1; 21:5; 23:18; 25:7; 33:3; 43:20 three-star [1] - 43:20 throughout [1] - 38:2 throw [1] - 50:8 timeliness [1] - 25:2 Title [2] - 23:7, 13 today [20] - 7:6, 17; 12:19; 23:7; 29:25; 30:20; 31:12, 24; 33:15, 21; 34:2; 38:2, 6 RWW 18; 44:13; 46:2; 47:4, 10; 48:8; 50:18 took [1] - 4:2 topics [2] - 5:22; 33:3 total [2] - 17:7; 25:4 totality [1] - 27:6 TRANSCRIPT [1] - 1:10 transcript [3] - 2:17; 10:11; 51:18 transcription [1] - 2:18 Transition [1] - 32:24 transition [4] - 19:7; 20:9; 21:2, 19 treason [6] - 36:10; 40:11, 23; 41:1, 3, 5 treasonous [2] - 36:3; 41:7 treatment [1] - 23:22 trial [1] - 47:21 trick [2] - 15:24 trouble [1] - 7:23 true [3] - 31:14; 46:14, 20 Trump [5] - 19:7, 9, 15; 23:5; 32:24 truthfully [1] - 46:11 truthfulness [1] - 24:23 try [1] - 15:25 trying [4] - 15:24; 25:15; 40:17; 44:21 Turkey [5] - 22:8, 15, 17, 21, 23 Turkey's [1] - 23:1 Turkish [2] - 22:17; 23:3 two [9] - 12:10; 14:11; 18:5; 19:17; 23:16; 33:7; 35:2; 38:12; 42:18 two-point [1] - 18:5 typical [1] - 6:2 34:1; 42:16; 44:15, 23; 46:23; 48:6 usefulness [1] - 24:22 utterly [1] - 44:3 V value [2] - 44:1; 47:1 VAN [35] - 3:10; 15:11, 13; 25:20, 24; 27:1, 4; 28:1, 9, 14, 17; 29:2, 6, 11, 15; 34:24; 35:2, 4, 9, 17; 36:4, 11, 14, 25; 37:16, 25; 38:9, 23; 39:9, 25; 40:20, 24; 48:15; 50:1; 51:10 Van [5] - 1:13; 3:10; 12:12; 42:11, 17 various [1] - 27:19 vast [2] - 27:13, 15 version [1] - 7:5 versus [2] - 3:7; 39:19 Vice [1] - 32:25 victims [1] - 24:2 view [2] - 27:10; 46:6 views [1] - 46:19 violated [2] - 11:14, 17 violation [4] - 17:24; 28:19; 34:23; 35:5 violations [4] - 27:19; 35:15; 36:18; 40:12 Virginia [5] - 27:18, 21; 28:5, 10; 30:12 voice [1] - 8:1 voluntarily [1] - 7:13 vote [7] - 21:10, 17, 23, 25; 22:1, 4 U W U.N [1] - 21:16 U.S [13] - 1:14, 18-19; 2:11, 15; 3:23; 6:2; 17:25; 18:22; 22:21; 23:8, 13 U.S.C [4] - 28:18; 29:8, 16 unblemished [1] - 32:16 uncertain [1] - 38:15 uncharged [1] - 40:15 under [13] - 5:8; 6:2; 8:13; 12:7; 14:14; 16:13; 23:2; 28:21; 32:9; 35:8; 36:17; 38:3, 15 undermines [1] - 33:12 understood [4] - 16:10; 17:25; 18:9; 49:3 unguarded [2] - 6:13 unintentionally [1] - 4:14 unique [2] - 4:1; 43:12 UNITED [3] - 1:1, 3, 11 United [13] - 1:13; 3:7, 11; 21:7, 14; 23:24; 32:7; 33:5, 11; 34:11; 35:25; 39:19; 43:4 unlawful [1] - 35:18 unless [2] - 5:8; 26:5 unregistered [1] - 33:9 unsealed [1] - 27:18 unwarranted [1] - 23:25 up [14] - 4:13; 8:1, 12; 20:19; 32:15; DOOD 5 5 55 wait [2] - 26:20; 31:1 Wallace [4] - 2:14; 51:18, 20, 22 wants [1] - 26:7 warn [2] - 6:11; 11:8 warned [1] - 12:14 warning [1] - 6:15 warrant [1] - 5:25 warranted [4] - 24:21; 37:3, 18; 46:6 Washington [6] - 1:8, 16, 20; 2:4, 8, 15 wavering [1] - 38:8 ways [1] - 35:2 week [1] - 13:20 weigh [2] - 24:7; 31:1 welcome [1] - 50:24 West [3] - 32:14; 42:21; 43:5 White [7] - 6:7; 24:11; 32:14; 39:23; 42:21; 43:6 willful [2] - 12:21; 38:5 William [1] - 3:12 Wing [3] - 32:14; 42:21; 43:5 wink [4] - 47:9, 11 wink-wink [2] - 47:9, 11 wish [8] - 8:8; 11:4; 13:10; 15:10; 25:14; 34:4; 44:12 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R - 62 - withdraw [7] - 8:5; 9:5; 13:11, 13; 15:25; 16:1; 18:20 witness [2] - 6:1; 44:5 word [1] - 17:9 words [1] - 32:6 written [2] - 22:25; 23:1 Y year [7] - 4:21; 17:10, 14; 28:19; 29:10, 16 years [11] - 4:10; 9:22; 17:14; 18:1; 25:7; 26:16; 29:16; 32:19; 48:7 yesterday [1] - 46:15 yourself [1] - 26:13 yourselves [1] - 3:9 Z Zainab [2] - 1:18; 3:12 zero [3] - 17:9; 18:4; 25:6 zna@usdoj.gov [1] - 1:21 Zwaan [3] - 12:12; 42:11, 17 6 RWW DOOD 5 5 55 2 L LDO R W 5 SR W RWWO DRO R - 63 - APPENDIX 2 WATERGATE PROSECUTORS EMAIL AND FILING -64- From: Smith, Hunter Sent: Monday, May 11, 2020 4:58:26 PM To: dcd_cmecf_cr@dcd.uscourts.gov Cc: sullivan_chambers@dcd.uscourts.gov ; Emmet_G_Sullivan@ dcd.uscourts.gov ; sidney@federalappeals.com ; jocelyn.ballantine2@usdoj.gov ; Robbins, Larry ; Taylor, William W. ; Marcus, Ezra ; Friedman, Lee Subject: United States v. Flynn, Crim. No. 17-232 To the Clerk of Court: Please see the attached filing on behalf of proposed amici in the above-captioned case. Sincerely, HUNTER SMITH 2000 K Street NW, 4th Floor, Washington, DC 20006 P 202.775.4523 F 202.775.4510 hsmith@robbinsrussell.com www.robbinsrussell.com - 65 - UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. Crim. No. 17-232 (EGS) MICHAEL T. FLYNN, Defendant. NOTICE OF INTENT OF WATERGATE PROSECUTORS TO FILE MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF AS AMICUS CURIAE OR APPLICATION UNDER LOCAL RULE 57.6 On May 7, 2020, the Government filed a Motion to Dismiss the Criminal Information Against the Defendant Michael T. Flynn (DE # 198) (“Motion”). A group of 16 former members of the Watergate Special Prosecution Force of the Department of Justice, 1 through the undersigned counsel, hereby provides notice of its intent to file a motion for leave to file a brief as amicus curiae, other appropriate application (see Local Rule Crim. P. 57.6), or both. The Watergate Prosecutors intend to address, without limitation, the scope of this Court’s authority to decide the Motion; the procedures that the Court can and should follow, such as conducting a hearing or potentially appointing counsel to assist the Court; whether a dismissal, if any, should be with or 1 The Watergate Prosecutors are: Nick Akerman, Richard Ben-Veniste, Richard J. Davis, Carl B. Feldbaum, George T. Frampton, Jr., Kenneth S. Geller, Gerald Goldman, Stephen E. Haberfeld, Henry L. Hecht, Paul R. Hoeber, Philip Allen Lacovara, Paul R. Michel, Robert L. Palmer, Frank Tuerkheimer, Jill Wine-Banks, and Roger Witten. Their qualifications and interest in this matter are summarized in an attachment to this notice. - 66 - without prejudice; and whether the Court should instead deny the Motion and proceed to sentencing. The Motion raises serious questions concerning this Court’s authority under Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 48(a) and Article III of the United States Constitution, and the Court will not receive a full, fair, and adverse presentation of these issues from the parties in light of the Government’s change in position. The Government’s position is that, even at this late stage, after a pair of guilty pleas accepted by court order, and the Court’s fulfillment of its responsibilities under Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 11, it may freely dismiss this prosecution so long as the Defendant consents. Motion at 11. The government admonishes the Court not to “second-guess” its determination that dismissal is in the public interest. Id. But the D.C. Circuit has explained, in a decision that the Government fails to cite, that “considerations[] other than protection of [the] defendant . . . have been taken into account by courts” when evaluating consented-to dismissal motions under Rule 48(a). United States v. Ammidown, 497 F.2d 615, 620 (D.C. Cir. 1973). Courts have exercised their authority under Rule 48(a) where “it appears that the assigned reason for the dismissal has no basis in fact.” Id. at 620– 21. Even when the Government represents that the evidence is not sufficient to warrant prosecution, courts have sought to “satisf[y]” themselves that there has been “a considered judgment” and “an application [for dismissal] made in good faith.” Id. at 620. Other Circuits have similarly held that a court may investigate, including through hearings if necessary, whether “the prosecutor is motivated by considerations clearly contrary to the manifest public interest.” United States v. Hamm, 659 F.2d 624, 628 (5th Cir. 1981); see In re Richards, 213 F.3d 773, 789 (3d Cir. 2000) (holding that district court could hold hearing to “appropriately inquire into whether there were any improprieties attending the Government’s 2 - 67 - petition to dismiss the Richards’s prosecution.”); United States v. Cowan, 524 F.2d 504, 513 (5th Cir. 1975) (“[I]t seems altogether proper to say that the phrase ‘by leave of court’ in Rule 48(a) was intended to modify and condition the absolute power of the Executive, consistently with the Framers’ concept of Separation of Powers, by erecting a check on the abuse of Executive prerogatives.”). The Supreme Court has recognized uncertainty as to the scope of a district court’s discretion in ruling on a consented-to motion under Rule 48(a) and has declined to resolve the issue. Rinaldi v. United States, 434 U.S. 22, 29 n.15 (1977). There are at least substantial questions as to whether factual representations in the Motion are accurate and whether the Motion is made in good faith and consistent with the public interest. See, e.g., Mary B. McCord, Bill Barr Twisted My Words in Dropping the Flynn Case. Here’s the Truth, N.Y. Times, May 10, 2020, https://nyti.ms/3cj25kB; DOJ Alumni Statement on Flynn Case, May 11, 2020, https://bit.ly/2YR2kzu. The Government’s Motion also does not adequately address questions of this Court’s heightened Article III role in light of the posture of this case, with the Defendant having pled guilty and awaiting sentencing. A guilty plea represents a turning point between “the Executive’s traditional power over charging decisions and the Judiciary’s traditional authority over sentencing decisions.” United States v. Fokker Servs. B.V., 818 F.3d 733, 746 (D.C. Cir. 2016). When a court accepts a plea agreement, it “enters a judgment of conviction, which in turn carries immediate sentencing implications.” Id.; see also United States v. Hector, 577 F.3d 1099, 1100 n.1 (9th Cir. 2009) (“[O]nce a guilty plea has been accepted, the defendant stands convicted.”); United States v. Brayboy, 806 F. Supp. 1576, 1580 (S.D. Fla. 1992) (holding that government’s post-verdict Rule 48(a) motion was an attempt to “remove this Court’s sentencing authority” and “is exactly th[e] 3 - 68 - type of absolute control by one branch over a power properly vested with another branch that the constitutional scheme of separation of powers prohibits”). No party before the Court will address the question whether the Government’s proffered reasons for dismissal have a “basis in fact,” Ammidown, 497 F.2d at 621, or other reasons that may lead the Court to conclude that it should not grant the Motion. The Watergate Prosecutors, for reasons set forth in the accompanying Statement of Interest, are uniquely suited to help ensure a fair presentation of the issues raised by the Government’s Motion, which include, without limitation, the accuracy of the facts and law presented in the Motion, the significance of the Defendant’s prior admissions of guilt and this Court’s orders to date, the Trump administration’s opposition to the prosecution of the Defendant, and whether the Government’s change of position reflects improper political influence undermining determinations made by the Special Counsel’s Office. This Court is fully empowered to obtain guidance from amici or otherwise. See United States v. Microsoft Corp., 2002 WL 319366, at *1 (D.D.C. Feb. 28, 2002). “Amicus participation is normally appropriate . . . ‘when the amicus has unique information or perspective that can help the court beyond the help that the lawyers for the parties are able to provide.’” Hard Drive Prods., Inc. v. Does 1-1,495, 892 F. Supp. 2d 334, 337 (D.D.C. 2012) (quoting Jin v. Ministry of State Sec., 557 F. Supp. 2d 131, 137 (D.D.C. 2008)); see also United States v. Arpaio, 887 F.3d 979, 981-82 (9th Cir. 2018) (recognizing in context of contempt proceedings the “inherent authority” of courts to appoint amici to provide full briefing and argument in defense of position abandoned by the United States). The Watergate Prosecutors propose to file their motion for leave to file an amicus curiae brief or application under Local Rule 57.6, along with a proposed brief, by no later than May 21, 4 - 69 - 2020, the date on which a response to the Government’s Motion would ordinarily be due. See Local Rule Crim. P. 47(b). Dated: May 11, 2020 Respectfully submitted, /s/ Lawrence S. Robbins Lawrence S. Robbins (D.C. Bar No. 420260) Lee Turner Friedman (D.C. Bar No. 1028444) D. Hunter Smith (D.C. Bar No. 1035055) ROBBINS, RUSSELL, ENGLERT, ORSECK, UNTEREINER & SAUBER LLP 2000 K Street, NW Washington, DC 20006 Tel: (202) 775-4500 lrobbins@robbinsrussell.com /s/ William W. Taylor, III William W. Taylor, III (D.C. Bar No. 84194) Ezra B. Marcus (D.C. Bar No. 252685) ZUCKERMAN SPAEDER LLP 1800 M Street N.W. Suite 1000 Washington, D.C. 20036 Tel: (202) 778-1800 Fax: (202) 822-8106 wtaylor@zuckerman.com 5 - 70 - UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. Crim. No. 17-232 (EGS) MICHAEL T. FLYNN, Defendant. STATEMENT OF INTEREST Proposed Amici Curiae (“Amici”) served on the Watergate Special Prosecution Force, which investigated the Watergate scandal between 1973 and 1977. Amici are: Nick Akerman, Richard Ben-Veniste, Richard J. Davis, Carl B. Feldbaum, George T. Frampton, Jr., Kenneth S. Geller, Gerald Goldman, Stephen E. Haberfeld, Henry L. Hecht, Paul R. Hoeber, Philip Allen Lacovara, Paul R. Michel, Robert L. Palmer, Frank Tuerkheimer, Jill Wine-Banks, and Roger Witten. Amici have also held positions in government, in academia, and in private practice. In their roles as Watergate prosecutors, Amici investigated serious abuses of power by President Richard M. Nixon and prosecuted many of President Nixon’s aides for their complicity in his offenses. More than any other episode in modern American history, the Watergate scandal exemplified how unchecked political influence in the Justice Department can corrode the public trust. As Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox explained, his office was established to “restore confidence, honor, and integrity in government.” 1 1 George Lardner, Jr., Cox Is Chosen as Special Prosecutor, THE WASHINGTON POST (May 19, 1973), https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/watergate/articles/051973-1.htm. - 71 - The investigations by the Watergate Prosecutors led to the filing of criminal charges against two former Attorneys General for corruptly abusing their official powers in order to interfere with the objective, professional investigation and prosecution of federal crimes. Moreover, during their work in pursuing investigation of obstruction of justice by a number of senior federal officials, including White House officials, Amici experienced the “Saturday Night Massacre,” during which an honorable Attorney General and an honorable Deputy Attorney General resigned or were dismissed rather than obey the instructions of a self-interested President to frustrate the work of an independent Special Prosecutor. The parallels and the contrasts between the Watergate affair and the present situation now before this Court make manifest that Amici have a direct and substantial interest in the proper disposition of the pending Motion directed by the incumbent Attorney General to protect a close ally of the President. Here, where the Motion seeks to reverse a prosecutorial judgment previously entrusted to and made by Special Counsel, Robert Mueller, the value the Watergate Prosecutors’ unique perspective on the need for independent scrutiny and oversight to ensure that crucial decisions about prosecutions of high-ranking government officials are made in the public interest, are viewed as legitimate, and are not subsequently reversed by political intervention. The integrity of prosecutorial decision making is a cornerstone of the rule of law. Amici have a special interest in restoring the public trust in prosecutorial decision making and in public confidence in the viability of future independent investigations and prosecutions if the results of such work are likely to be subjected to reversal by transparent political influence. 2 - 72 - Dated: May 11, 2020 Respectfully submitted, /s/ Lawrence S. Robbins Lawrence S. Robbins Lee Turner Friedman D. Hunter Smith ROBBINS, RUSSELL, ENGLERT, ORSECK, UNTEREINER & SAUBER LLP 2000 K Street, NW Washington, DC 20006 (202) 775-4500 lrobbins@robbinsrussell.com /s/ William W. Taylor, III William W. Taylor, III (D.C. Bar No. 84194) Ezra B. Marcus (D.C. Bar No. 252685) ZUCKERMAN SPAEDER LLP 1800 M Street N.W. Suite 1000 Washington, D.C. 20036 Tel: (202) 778-1800 Fax: (202) 822-8106 wtaylor@zuckerman.com 3 - 73 - APPENDIX 3 MAY 12, 2020 MINUTE ORDER -74- 05/12/2020 MINUTE ORDER as to MICHAEL T. FLYNN. Given the current posture of this case, the Court anticipates that individuals and organizations will seek leave of the Court to file amicus curiae briefs pursuant to Local Civil Rule 7(o). There is no analogous rule in the Local Criminal Rules, but "[the Local Civil] Rules govern all proceedings in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia." LCvR 1.1. "An amicus curiae, defined as friend of the court,... does not represent the parties but participates only for the benefit of the Court." United States v. Microsoft Corp., No. 98-cv-1232(CKK), 2002 WL 319366, at *2 (D.D.C. Feb. 28, 2002) (internal quotation marks omitted). Thus, "[i]t is solely within the court's discretion to determine the fact, extent, and manner of the participation." Jin v. Ministry of State Sec., 557 F. Supp. 2d 131, 136 (D.D.C. 2008) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). "'An amicus brief should normally be allowed when a party is not represented competently or is not represented at all, when the amicus has an interest in some other case that may be affected by the decision in the present case (though not enough affected to entitle the amicus to intervene and become a party in the present case), or when the amicus has unique information or perspective that can help the court beyond the help that the lawyers for the parties are able to provide. Otherwise, leave to file an amicus curiae brief should be denied.'" Id. at 137 (quoting Ryan v. Commodity Futures Trading Comm'n, 125 F.3d 1062, 1064 (7th Cir. 1997)); see also LCvR 7(o). Although there is no corollary in the Local Criminal Rules to Local Civil Rule 7(o), a person or entity may seek leave of the Court to file an amicus curiae brief in a criminal case. See Min. Order, United States v. Simmons, No. 18-cr-344 (EGS) (D.D.C. May 5, 2020); cf. United States v. Fokker Servs. B.V., 818 F.3d 733, 740 (D.C. Cir. 2016) (appointing amicus curiae in a criminal case). As Judge Amy Berman Jackson has observed, "while there may be individuals with an interest in this matter, a criminal proceeding is not a free for all." Min. Order, United States v. Stone, No. 19-cr-18 (ABJ) (D.D.C. Feb. 28, 2019). Accordingly, at the appropriate time, the Court will enter a Scheduling Order governing the submission of any amicus curiae briefs. Signed by Judge Emmet G. Sullivan on 5/12/2020. (lcegs3) (Entered: 05/12/2020) - 75 - APPENDIX 4 MAY 13, 2020 ORDER APPOINTING GLEESON -76- Case 1:17-cr-00232-EGS Document 205 Filed 05/13/20 Page 1 of 2 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. MICHAEL T. FLYNN, Crim. Action No. 17-232 (EGS) Defendant. ORDER APPOINTING AMICUS CURIAE Upon consideration of the entire record in this case, it is hereby ORDERED that the Court exercises its inherent authority to appoint The Honorable John Gleeson (Ret.) as amicus curiae to present arguments in opposition to the government’s Motion to Dismiss, ECF No. 198, see, e.g., United States v. Fokker Servs. B.V., 818 F.3d 733, 740 (D.C. Cir. 2016); Jin v. Ministry of State Sec., 557 F. Supp. 2d 131, 136 (D.D.C. 2008); it is further ORDERED that amicus curiae shall address whether the Court should issue an Order to Show Cause why Mr. Flynn should not be held in criminal contempt for perjury pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 401, Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 42, the Court’s inherent authority, and any other applicable statutes, rules, or controlling law. - 77 - Case 1:17-cr-00232-EGS Document 205 Filed 05/13/20 Page 2 of 2 SO ORDERED. Signed: Emmet G. Sullivan United States District Judge May 13, 2020 - 78 - APPENDIX 5 SIMILAR MOTIONS TO DISMISS AND ORDERS -79- Case 1:08-cr-00231-EGS Document 324 Filed 04/01/2009 Page 1 of 5 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA V. ) ) ) ) No. 08-231 (EGS) THEODORE F. STEVENS, Defendant. ) ) ) MOTION OF THE UNITED STATES TO SET ASIDE THE VERDICT AND DISMISS THE INDICTMENT WITH PREJUDICE In February 2009, the Acting Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division appointed undersigned counsel to conduct the post-trial litigation in this matter. In preparing to respond to defendant Theodore Stevens' various motions and in preparation for a possible evidentiary hearing, undersigned counsel began collecting and reviewing documents and interviewing potential witnesses. As the Court is aware, the Government has voluntaril provided to the defense documents and summaries of witness interviews. The Government recently discovered that a witness interview of Bill Allen took place on April 15, 2008. While no memorandum of interview or agent notes exist for this interview, notes taken by two prosecutors who participated in the April 15 interview reflect that Bill Allen was asked about a note dated October 6, 2002, that was sent from the defendant to Bill Allen. The note was introduced at trial as Government Exhibit 495 and was referred to as the "Torricelli note." The notes of the April 15 interview indicate that Bill Allen said, among other things, in substance and in part, that he (Bill Allen) did not recall talking to Bob Persons regarding giving a bill to the defendant. This statement by Allen during the April 15 interview was inconsistent with Allen's recollection at trial, where he described a conversation with Persons about the - 80 - Case 1:08-cr-00231-EGS Document 324 Filed 04/01/2009 Page 2 of 5 Torricelli note. Iii addition, the April 15 interview notes indicate that Allen estimated that if his workers had performed efficiently, the fair market value of the work his corporation performed on defendant's Girdwood chalet would have been $80,000. Upon the discovery of the interview notes last week, the Government immediately provided a copy to defense counsel. Defendant Stevens was not informed prior to or during trial of the statements by Bill Allen on April 15, 2008. This information could have been used by the defendant to crossexamine Bill Allen and in arguments to the jury. The Government also acknowledges that the Government's Opposition to Defendant's Motion for a New Trial provided an account of the Government's interviews of Bill Allen that is inaccurate. See Opposition at 42-43 (Dkt. No. 269). Given the facts of this particular case, the Government believes that granting a new trial is in the interest ofjustice. See Fed. R. Crim. P. 33(a). The Government has further determined that, based on the totality of circumstances and in the interest ofjustice, it will not seek a new verdict and dismiss the indictment with prejudice. Further, as the Court is aware, certain matters in this case previously have been referred to the Office of Professional Responsibility of the Department of Justice. The Government has supplemented the referral to include the facts concerning the April 1 5th Bill Allen interview. Once the inquiry into this matter is completed by the Office of Professional Responsibility, the Government will share the findings of that inquiry with the Court. 2 - 81 - Case 1:08-cr-00231-EGS Document 324 Filed 04/01/2009 Page 3 of 5 Respectfully submitted, PAULM. O'BRIEN Chief, Narcotic and Dangerous Drug Section Criminal Division U.S. Department of Justice 1400 New York Ave. NW Washington, D.C. 20530 Tel: 202-514-0169 Fax: 202-514-6112 WILLIAMJ. STUCKWISCH (Bar No. 457278) Senior Trial Attorney, Fraud Section 3 - 82 - Case 1:08-cr-00231-EGS Document 324 Filed 04/01/2009 Page 4 of 5 CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that on this 1St day of April, 2009, I caused a copy of the foregoing "MOTION OF THE UNITED STATES TO SET ASIDE THE VERDICT AND DISMISS THE INDICTMENT WITH PREJUDICE" to be delivered electronically to the following: Brendan V. Sullivan, Jr., Esq. RobertM. Cary, Esq. Williams & Connolly LLP 725 Twelfth Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20005 7 •• Paul M. O'Brien 4 - 83 - Case Document 372 Filed 04/07/09 Page 1 of 1 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT I FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA APR - 7 2009 Clerk, U.s. District and UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Bankr?mtcy Courts v. No. 08-cr-231 (EGS) THEODORE F. STEVENS, Defendant. ORDER At the direction of the Attorney General, on April 1, 2009, a newly?appointed team of prosecutors ?led a Motion to Set Aside the Verdict and Dismiss the Indictment, citing the failure to produce notes taken by prosecutors in an April 15, 2008 interview of Bill Allen. At a hearing on April 7, 2009, the government conceded that these notes contained information that the government was constitutionally required to provide to the defense for use at trial. Despite repeated defense requests and the Court's repeated admonitions to provide exculpatory information, the notes were not produced to the defense until March 25?26, 2009, nearly ?ve months after trial. The Court will grant the Motion. There was never a judgment of conviction in this case. The jury's verdict is being set aside and has no legal effect. The government's Motion is GRANTED. The verdict is hereby set aside and the indictment is hereby dismissed with prejudice. ed. R. Crim. IT IS SO ORDERED. Emmet G. Sullivan United States District Judge Case 1:09-cr-00335-RJL Document 693 Filed 03/27/12 Page 1 of 3 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. AMARO GONCALVES, et al., Defendants. : : : : : : : : CRIMINAL NO. 09-335 (RJL) GOVERNMENT’S UNOPPOSED MOTION TO DISMISS PURSUANT TO FED. R. CRIM. P. 48(a) The United States of America, by and through its undersigned attorneys, hereby moves to dismiss in the above-captioned case (1) the Superseding Indictment against defendants Jonathan M. Spiller, Haim Geri, and Daniel Alvirez, and Count 1 of the Superseding Information against defendant Daniel Alvirez, with prejudice, and (2) Count 2 of the Superseding Information against defendant Daniel Alvirez without prejudice. 1. On April 16, 2010, Spiller, Geri, Alvirez, and other defendants were charged in a Superseding Indictment with conspiracy to violate the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”), 18 U.S.C. § 371, violations of the FCPA, 15 U.S.C. §§ 78dd-1 et seq., and conspiracy to commit money laundering, 18 U.S.C. § 1956(h). On March 1, 2011, defendant Alvirez was charged in a two-count Superseding Information. Count 1 charged the same conspiracy to violate the FCPA that was charged in Count 1 of the Superseding Indictment (“the Gabon conspiracy count”). Count 2 charged a separate conspiracy to violate the FCPA relating to the sale of military and law enforcement equipment to the Republic of Georgia (“the Georgia conspiracy count”). 2. On March 1, 2011, defendant Alvirez pleaded guilty to both counts of the Superseding Information – the Gabon conspiracy count and the Georgia conspiracy count. On March 29, 2011, defendant Spiller pleaded guilty to the Gabon conspiracy count. On April 28, - 85 - Case 1:09-cr-00335-RJL Document 693 Filed 03/27/12 Page 2 of 3 2011, defendant Geri pleaded guilty to the Gabon conspiracy count. 3. On December 22, 2011, at the close of the government’s case in the second trial conducted in this matter, the Court granted the trial defendants’ motions for judgment of acquittal, pursuant to Fed. R. Crim. P. 29, as to the Gabon conspiracy count, ruling that there were structural deficiencies in the conspiracy as it was charged and that the government’s proof at trial did not establish that conspiracy. 4. On February 21, 2012, the government moved to dismiss with prejudice the Superseding Indictment against the defendants who were pending trial, including seven defendants for whom the Court had granted mistrials following hung juries and nine defendants who had yet to be tried. The government submitted that the continued prosecution of the case was not warranted under the circumstances, given the outcomes of the first two trials, the implications of certain evidentiary and other legal rulings in those trials for future trials, and the substantial resources that would be necessary to proceed with another four or more trials. In an Order dated February 23, 2012, the Court granted the government’s motion, and dismissed with prejudice the Superseding Indictment, and all underlying indictments, against the defendants who were pending trial. 5. Based on a review of the record, the government has concluded that the Court’s ruling in the second trial as to the Gabon conspiracy count would apply equally to defendants Spiller, Geri, and Alvirez. Although, as the Court knows, the government argued extensively in opposition to the defendants’ Rule 29 motions and does not agree with the Court’s ruling, the government accepts the Court’s decision. As a result of the Court’s ruling on the Gabon conspiracy count, and in light of the reasons set forth in its prior motion to dismiss, the 2 - 86 - Case 1:09-cr-00335-RJL Document 693 Filed 03/27/12 Page 3 of 3 government has concluded that further prosecution of the Gabon-related charges against defendants Spiller, Geri, and Alvirez is unlikely to be successful. 6. The government has also concluded that it is in the interests of justice not to prosecute defendant Alvirez on the Georgia conspiracy count at this time, but rather to continue the investigation of that and related conduct. Following such investigation, the government will determine whether to bring criminal charges relating to that conduct. 7. The government has contacted counsel for defendants Spiller, Geri, and Alvirez and they do not oppose this motion to dismiss. Accordingly, the government moves pursuant to Fed. R. Crim. P. 48(a) to dismiss in the above-captioned case (1) the Superseding Indictment against defendants Jonathan M. Spiller, Haim Geri, and Daniel Alvirez, and Count 1 of the Superseding Information against defendant Daniel Alvirez, with prejudice, and (2) Count 2 of the Superseding Information against defendant Daniel Alvirez without prejudice. Respectfully submitted, By: DENIS J. McINERNEY Chief, Fraud Section RONALD C. MACHEN JR. United States Attorney In and For the District of Columbia /s/ LAURA N. PERKINS D.C. Bar # 479048 JOEY LIPTON IL Bar # 6225473 Trial Attorneys Criminal Division, Fraud Section U.S. Department of Justice 1400 New York Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20530 (202) 514-7023 /s/ MATTHEW C. SOLOMON NY Bar # 3055209 Assistant United States Attorney Fraud & Public Corruption Section United States Attorney’s Office 555 4th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20530 (202) 252-7566 3 - 87 - Case Document 696 Filed 03/30/12 Paget oft UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CRIMINAL NO. 09-335 (RJL) v. DANIEL ALVIREZ, 3: Defendant. git-?g: 5.3 Ii: Stark, L: 8. District Ev. {Taiwan} Cantu: Ia: 1hr. at ORDER On the government?s unopposed motion to dismiss pursuant to Fed. R. Crim. P. 48(a) in the above-captioned case, it is hereby ORDERED: l. The Superseding Indictment against. defendant Daniel Alvirez (the "defendant?), and Count 1 of the Superseding Information against the defendant, are dismissed with prejudice. 2. Count 2 of the Superseding Information against the defendant is dismissed without prejudice. 3. As a result of the dismissal of the charges, the guilty plea entered by the defendant is vacated. 1 DATED: 3/30/(1 zWu-J THE RICHARD J. LEON UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE ?88? Case Document 695 Filed 03/30/12 Page1 oft UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CRIMINAL NO. 09-335 (RJL) Vt .ONATHANM.SP.LLER, FILED Defendant. MAR 3 [l 2012 Clerk, US. District Bankruptcy ORDER Courts for the District of Columbia On the government?s unopposed motion to dismiss pursuant to Fed. R. Crim. P. 48(a) in the above-captioned case. it is hereby ORDERED: 1. The Superseding Indictment against defendant Jonathan M. Spiller is dismissed with prejudice. 2. As a result of the dismissal of the charges, the guilty plea entered by the defendant is vacated. I DATED: 3 23?2l1 THE HONORW J. LEON UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE Case 1 .09? c?r- 00335- RJL Document 694 Filed 03/30/12 Page 1 of 1 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CRIMINAL NO. 09-335 (RJL) EILED HAIM GERI, MAR gigm Defendant. Clerk, us. Distritit Bankruptcy Semis fer the District of Columbia ORDER On the government's unopposed motion to dismiss pursuant to Fed. R. Crim. P. 48(a) in the above-captioned case, it is hereby ORDERED: l. The Superseding Indictment against defendant Haim Geri is dismissed with prejudice. 2. As a result of the dismissal of the charges, the guilty plea entered by the defendant is vacated. DATED: 3 HE HONORAL RICHARD LEON UNITED STATES ISTRICT JUDGE -90- CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that on May 19, 2020, I electronically filed the foregoing with the Clerk of the Court for the United States Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit by using the CM/ECF system. I further certify that I have served the following by first-class United States Mail for delivery to each of the following on May 19, 2020. Timothy Shea, Esquire United States Attorney for the District of Columbia 555 4th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20530 The Hon. Emmet G. Sullivan United States District Court for the District Columbia 333 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20001 John Gleeson, Esquire Debevoise & Plimpton LLP 919 Third Avenue New York, NY 10022 Tel: 212-909-6000 Fax: 212-909-6836 /s/ Sidney Powell May 19, 2020 Sidney Powell SIDNEY POWELL, P.C. Counsel of Record 2911 Turtle Creek Blvd., Suite 300 Dallas, Texas 75219 Tel: 214-707-1775 - 91 -