City and County of San Francisco Department of Public Health Order of the Health Officer ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER OF THE CITY AND COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO DIRECTING ALL INDIVIDUALS IN THE COUNTY TO CONTINUE SHELTERING AT THEIR PLACE OF RESIDENCE EXCEPT FOR IDENTIFIED NEEDS AND ACTIVITIES, IN COMPLIANCE WITH SPECIFIED REQUIREMENTS; CONTINUING TO EXEMPT HOMELESS INDIVIDUALS FROM THE ORDER BUT URGING GOVERNMENT AGENCIES TO PROVIDE THEM SHELTER; REQUIRING ALL BUSINESSES AND RECREATION FACILITIES THAT ARE ALLOWED TO OPERATE TO IMPLEMENT SOCIAL DISTANCING, FACE COVERING, AND CLEANING PROTOCOLS; AND DIRECTING ALL BUSINESSES, FACILITY OPERATORS, AND GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES TO CONTINUE THE TEMPORARY CLOSURE OF ALL OTHER OPERATIONS NOT ALLOWED UNDER THIS ORDER (SHELTER IN PLACE) DATE OF ORDER: May 22, 2020 Please read this Order carefully. Violation of or failure to comply with this Order is a misdemeanor punishable by fine, imprisonment, or both. (California Health and Safety Code § 120295, et seq.; California Penal Code §§ 69, 148(a)(1); and San Francisco Administrative Code § 7.17(b)) Summary: The City and County of San Francisco (the “County”) and five other Bay Area counties and the City of Berkeley have been under shelter-in-place orders since March 16, 2020, in a collective effort to reduce the impact of the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (“COVID-19”). That virus is easily transmitted, especially in group settings, and the disease can be extremely serious. It can require long hospital stays, and in some instances cause long-term health consequences or death. It can impact not only those known to be at high risk but also other people, regardless of age. This spread of disease is a global pandemic causing untold societal, social, and economic harm. To mitigate the harm from the pandemic, these jurisdictions issued parallel health officer orders on March 16, 2020 imposing shelter in place limitations across the Bay Area, requiring everyone to stay safe at home except for certain essential needs. Other jurisdictions in the Bay Area and ultimately the State have since joined in adopting staysafe-at-home orders. 1 City and County of San Francisco Department of Public Health Order of the Health Officer ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e Our collective effort has had a positive impact on limiting the spread of the virus. As of the date of this Order, our hospitals have capacity and hospitalization rates have been relatively low and flat for the past four weeks and recently have been slowly decreasing. San Francisco continues to work on building up its testing, case finding, case investigation, and contact tracing capacity, and its means to protect vulnerable populations and address outbreaks. In light of significant progress made, the prior May 17, 2020 order added two new categories of activities allowed to resume: “Additional Businesses” (described in Appendix C-1) and “Additional Activities” (described in Appendix C-2). Still, the danger the virus poses to the health and welfare of all continues. A major risk remains the spread of COVID-19 through asymptomatic carriers. Also, while the search continues, there is not yet an effective treatment or cure for the disease. The vast majority of the population remains susceptible to infection. Therefore, this incremental resumption of certain business and other activities is designed to gradually increase the volume of person-to-person contact to help contain the risk of a surge in COVID-19 cases in the County and neighboring counties. Accordingly, the May 17 order explained that the Health Officer will assess the activities allowed by this Order on an ongoing basis and may need to restrict or otherwise modify them if the risk associated with COVID-19 increases in the future. But if San Francisco continues to make progress on ways to contain virus transmission and health-based risk considerations support doing so, the Health Officer will allow additional business and other activity under a phased, incremental process, to provide for a safer economic recovery. Generally, under this Order gatherings of individuals with anyone outside of their household or living unit remain prohibited, with limited exceptions for essential activities, outdoor activities, additional activities, or essential travel, or to perform work for essential businesses, outdoor businesses, additional businesses, and government agencies. Also, under this Order, many businesses must remain closed. But:  The May 17 order added curbside or outside pickup of goods from non-essential retail stores, as well as related manufacturing, and warehousing and logistical support to the list of Additional Businesses, subject to specified conditions. The May 17 order also added attendance at outdoor museums, outdoor historical sites, and public gardens to the list of allowed Additional Activities.  This amendment to the Order adds childcare programs and summer camps for all children to the list of Additional Business that may resume operations, subject to further requirements in Appendix C-1 and any associated directives. This new Order replaces the prior May 17, 2020 extension of the shelter in place order. Beginning at 12:00 p.m. on May 22, 2020, all people and businesses in San Francisco must strictly comply with this new Order. This Order is in effect, without a specific expiration date, until it is extended, rescinded, superseded, or amended in writing by the Health Officer. But, as mentioned above, the Health Officer will continue to carefully 2 City and County of San Francisco Department of Public Health Order of the Health Officer ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e monitor the evolving situation and will periodically revise this Order to loosen – or if need be tighten – restrictions as conditions warrant, to help further the safer economic recovery. Facilities must stay updated by checking the City Administrator’s website (www.sfgsa.org) regularly. In addition to extending and replacing Health Officer Order Number C19-07d (shelter in place), issued May 17, 2020, this Order also extends Order Nos. C19-01b (prohibiting visitors at Laguna Honda Hospital and Rehabilitation Center and Unit 4A at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital), C19-03 (prohibiting visitors to specific residential facilities), C19-04 (imposing cleaning standards for residential hotels), C19-06 (prohibiting visitors to general acute care hospitals and acute psychiatric hospitals), C1909 (prohibiting visitors to residential care facilities for the elderly, adult residential facilities, and residential facilities for the chronically ill), and C19-11 (placing Laguna Honda Hospital and Rehabilitation Center under protective quarantine) through for as long as this Order is in effect, with the requirements of those listed orders otherwise remaining unchanged. Order Nos. C19-08b (limiting most routine appointments and elective surgeries and encouraging delivery of prescriptions and cannabis products), C1910 (requiring reporting by labs of COVID-19 testing information), C19-12 (face coverings), and C19-13 (regarding testing, reporting, and cooperation at skilled nursing facilities) remain in effect indefinitely, and this Order makes clear that face coverings are required for operators and customers of additional businesses, with certain limitations. The provisions of this Order are subject to any provisions of the state shelter-in-place order that are more restrictive. This summary is for convenience only and may not be used to interpret this Order; in the event of any inconsistency between the summary and the text of this Order below, the text will control. UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF CALIFORNIA HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE SECTIONS 101040, 101085, AND 120175, THE HEALTH OFFICER OF THE CITY AND COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO (“HEALTH OFFICER”) ORDERS: 1. This Order supersedes the May 17, 2020 Order of the Health Officer directing all individuals to shelter in place (the “Prior Order”, Order No. C19-07d). This Order amends, clarifies, and continues certain terms of the Prior Order to ensure continued social distancing and limit person-to-person contact to reduce the rate of transmission of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (“COVID-19”). This Order continues to restrict most activity, travel, and governmental and business functions to essential needs and to the Outdoor Activities and Outdoor Businesses that the prior Order allowed to resume. But in light of progress achieved in slowing the spread of COVID-19 in the County and neighboring counties, the Order allows a limited number of Additional Businesses and Additional Activities (as defined in Section 15 below and described in Appendixes C-1 and C-2) to resume operating, subject to specified conditions and safety precautions to reduce associated risk of COVID-19 transmission. This gradual and measured resumption of activity is designed to manage the overall volume, duration, and intensity of person-to-person contact to prevent a surge in COVID-19 cases in the County and neighboring 3 City and County of San Francisco Department of Public Health Order of the Health Officer ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e counties. As further provided in Section 11 below, the Health Officer will continue to monitor the risks of the activities and businesses allowed under this Order based on the COVID-19 Indicators (as defined in Section 11) and other data, and may, if conditions support doing so, incrementally add to the list of Additional Businesses and Additional Activities. The activities allowed by this Order will be assessed on an ongoing basis, and these activities and others allowed by the Order may need to be modified (including, without limitation, temporarily restricted or prohibited) if the risk associated with COVID-19 increases in the future. As of the effective date and time of this Order set forth in Section 18 below, all individuals, businesses, and government agencies in the County are required to follow the provisions of this Order. 2. The primary intent of this Order is to ensure that County residents continue to shelter in their places of residence to slow the spread of COVID-19 and mitigate the impact on delivery of critical healthcare services. This Order allows a limited number of Additional Businesses and Additional Activities to resume while the Health Officer continues to assess the transmissibility and clinical severity of COVID-19 and monitors indicators described in Section 11. All provisions of this Order must be interpreted to effectuate this intent. Failure to comply with any of the provisions of this Order constitutes an imminent threat and menace to public health, constitutes a public nuisance, and is punishable by fine, imprisonment, or both. 3. All individuals currently living within the County are ordered to shelter at their place of residence. They may leave their residence only for Essential Activities as defined in Section 15.a, Outdoor Activities as defined in Section 15.m, and Additional Activities as defined in Section 15.o; Essential Governmental Functions as defined in Section 15.d; Essential Travel as defined in Section 15.i; to work for Essential Businesses as defined in Section 15.f, Outdoor Businesses as defined in Section 15.l, and Additional Businesses as defined in Section 15.n; or to perform Minimum Basic Operations for other businesses that must remain temporarily closed, as provided in Section 15.g. For clarity, individuals who do not currently reside in the County must comply with all applicable requirements of the Order when in the County. Individuals experiencing homelessness are exempt from this Section, but are strongly urged to obtain shelter, and governmental and other entities are strongly urged to, as soon as possible, make such shelter available and provide handwashing or hand sanitation facilities to persons who continue experiencing homelessness. 4. When people need to leave their place of residence for the limited purposes allowed in this Order, they must strictly comply with Social Distancing Requirements as defined in Section 15.k, except as expressly provided in this Order, and must wear Face Coverings as provided in, and subject to the limited exceptions in, Health Officer Order No. C19-12 issued April 17, 2020 (the “Face Covering Order”), 4 City and County of San Francisco Department of Public Health Order of the Health Officer ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e including any amendments to that order. 5. All businesses with a facility in the County, except Essential Businesses, Outdoor Businesses, and Additional Businesses, as defined in Section 15, are required to cease all activities at facilities located within the County except Minimum Basic Operations, as defined in Section 15. For clarity, all businesses may continue operations consisting exclusively of owners, personnel, volunteers, or contractors performing activities at their own residences (i.e., working from home). All Essential Businesses are strongly encouraged to remain open. But all businesses are directed to maximize the number of personnel who work from home. Essential Businesses, Outdoor Businesses, and Additional Businesses may only assign those personnel who cannot perform their job duties from home to work outside the home. Outdoor Businesses must conduct all business and transactions involving members of the public outdoors. 6. As a condition of operating under this Order, the operators of all businesses must prepare or update, post, implement, and distribute to their personnel a Social Distancing Protocol for each of their facilities in the County frequented by personnel or members of the public, as specified in Section 15.h. In addition to the Social Distancing Protocol, all businesses allowed to operate under this Order must follow any industry-specific guidance issued by the Health Officer related to COVID-19 and any conditions on operation specified in this Order, including those specified in Appendix C-1. Except as otherwise provided in Appendix C-1, businesses that include an Essential Business or Outdoor Business component at their facilities alongside other components must, to the extent feasible, scale down their operations to the Essential Business and Outdoor Business components only; provided, however, mixed retail businesses that are otherwise allowed to operate under this Order may continue to stock and sell non-essential products. 7. All public and private gatherings of any number of people occurring outside a single household or living unit are prohibited, except for the limited purposes expressly permitted in this Order. Nothing in this Order prohibits members of a single household or living unit from engaging in Essential Travel, Essential Activities, Outdoor Activities, or Additional Activities together. 8. All travel, including, but not limited to, travel on foot, bicycle, scooter, motorcycle, automobile, or public transit, except Essential Travel, as defined below in Section 15.i, is prohibited. People may use public transit only for purposes of performing Essential Activities, Outdoor Activities, or Additional Activities, or to travel to and from Essential Businesses, Outdoor Businesses, or Additional Businesses, to maintain Essential Governmental Functions, or to perform Minimum Basic Operations at businesses that are not allowed to resume operations. Transit agencies and people riding on public transit must comply with Social Distancing Requirements, as defined in Section 15.k, to the greatest extent feasible, and personnel and passengers must wear Face Coverings as required by the Face 5 City and County of San Francisco Department of Public Health Order of the Health Officer ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e Covering Order. This Order allows travel into or out of the County only to perform Essential Activities, Outdoor Activities, or Additional Activities; to operate, perform work for, or access a business allowed to operate under this Order; to perform Minimum Basic Operations at other businesses; or to maintain Essential Governmental Functions. 9. This Order is issued based on evidence of continued significant community transmission of COVID-19 within the County and throughout the Bay Area; continued uncertainty regarding the degree of undetected asymptomatic transmission; scientific evidence and best practices regarding the most effective approaches to slow the transmission of communicable diseases generally and COVID-19 specifically; evidence that the age, condition, and health of a significant portion of the population of the County places it at risk for serious health complications, including death, from COVID-19; and further evidence that others, including younger and otherwise healthy people, are also at risk for serious outcomes. Due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 disease in the general public, which is now a pandemic according to the World Health Organization, there is a public health emergency throughout the County. Making the problem worse, some individuals who contract the virus causing the COVID-19 disease have no symptoms or have mild symptoms, which means they may not be aware they carry the virus and are transmitting it to others. Further, evidence shows that the virus can survive for hours to days on surfaces and be indirectly transmitted between individuals. Because even people without symptoms can transmit the infection, and because evidence shows the infection is easily spread, gatherings and other direct or indirect interpersonal interactions can result in preventable transmission of the virus. 10. The collective efforts taken to date regarding this public health emergency have slowed the virus’ trajectory, but the emergency and the attendant risk to public health remain significant. As of May 22, 2020, there are 2,320 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the County (up from 37 on March 16, 2020, just before the first shelter-in-place order) as well as at least 40 deaths (up from 1 death on March 17, 2020). The cumulative number of confirmed cases continues to increase, though the rate of increase has slowed in the weeks leading up to this Order. Evidence suggests that the restrictions on mobility and social distancing requirements imposed by the Prior Order (and the orders that preceded it) are slowing the rate of increase in community transmission and confirmed cases by limiting interactions among people, consistent with scientific evidence of the efficacy of similar measures in other parts of the country and world. 11. The local health officers who jointly issued the Prior Order are monitoring several key indicators (“COVID-19 Indicators”), which are among the many factors informing their decisions whether to modify existing shelter-in-place restrictions. Progress on some of these COVID-19 Indicators—specifically related to hospital utilization and capacity—makes it appropriate, at this time, to allow certain Additional Businesses to resume operations and Additional Activities to take place 6 City and County of San Francisco Department of Public Health Order of the Health Officer ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e under specified conditions, as set forth in Sections 15.n and 15.o. But the continued prevalence of the virus that causes COVID-19 requires most activities and business functions to remain restricted, and those activities that are allowed to occur must do so subject to social distancing and other infection control practices identified by the Health Officer. Evaluation of the COVID-19 Indicators will be critical to determinations by the local health officers regarding whether the restrictions imposed by this Order will be further modified to ease or tighten the restrictions imposed by this Order and augment, limit, or prohibit the Additional Businesses and Additional Activities allowed to resume. The Health Officer will continually review whether modifications to the Order are warranted based on (1) progress on the COVID-19 Indicators; (2) developments in epidemiological and diagnostic methods for tracing, diagnosing, treating, or testing for COVID-19; and (3) scientific understanding of the transmission dynamics and clinical impact of COVID-19. The COVID-19 Indicators include, but are not limited to, the following: a. The capacity of hospitals and the health system in the County and region, including acute care beds and Intensive Care Unit beds, to provide care for COVID-19 patients and other patients, including during a surge in COVID19 cases. b. The supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) available for hospital staff and other healthcare providers and personnel who need PPE to safely respond to and treat COVID-19 patients. c. The ability and capacity to quickly and accurately test persons to determine whether they are COVID-19 positive, especially those in vulnerable populations or high-risk settings or occupations. d. The ability to conduct case investigation and contact tracing for the volume of cases and associated contacts that will continue to occur, isolating confirmed cases and quarantining persons who have had contact with confirmed cases. 12. The scientific evidence shows that at this stage of the emergency, it remains essential to continue to slow virus transmission to help (a) protect the most vulnerable; (b) prevent the health care system from being overwhelmed; (c) prevent long-term chronic health conditions, such as cardiovascular, kidney, and respiratory damage and loss of limbs from blood clotting; and (d) prevent deaths. Continuation of the Prior Order is necessary to slow the spread of the COVID-19 disease, preserving critical and limited healthcare capacity in the County and advancing toward a point in the public health emergency where transmission can be controlled. At the same time, since the Prior Order was issued the County has continued to make progress in expanding health system capacity and healthcare resources and in slowing community transmission of COVID-19. In light of progress on these indicators, and subject to continued monitoring and potential public health-based responses, in 7 City and County of San Francisco Department of Public Health Order of the Health Officer ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e addition to those already allowed to operate under the Prior Order as Essential Businesses and Outdoor Businesses, it is appropriate at this time to begin allowing operation of specified Additional Businesses. These businesses are identified based on health-related considerations and transmission risk factors including, but not limited to, the intensity and quantity of contacts and the ability to substantially mitigate transmission risks associated with the operations. 13. This Order is issued in accordance with, and incorporates by reference, the March 4, 2020 Proclamation of a State of Emergency issued by Governor Gavin Newsom, the March 12, 2020 Executive Order (Executive Order N-25-20) issued by Governor Gavin Newsom, the February 25, 2020 Proclamation by the Mayor Declaring the Existence of a Local Emergency issued by Mayor London Breed, as supplemented on March 11, 2020, the March 6, 2020 Declaration of Local Health Emergency Regarding Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) issued by the Health Officer, and guidance issued by the California Department of Public Health, as each of them have been and may be supplemented. 14. This Order is also issued in light of the March 19, 2020 Order of the State Public Health Officer (the “State Shelter Order”), which set baseline statewide restrictions on non-residential business activities, effective until further notice, and the Governor’s March 19, 2020 Executive Order N-33-20 directing California residents to follow the State Shelter Order. The May 4, 2020 Executive Order issued by Governor Newsom and May 7, 2020 Order of the State Public Health Officer permit certain businesses to reopen if a local health officer believes the conditions in that jurisdictions warrant it, but expressly acknowledge the authority of local health officers to establish and implement public health measures within their respective jurisdictions that are more restrictive than those implemented by the State Public Health Officer. This Order adopts in certain respects more stringent restrictions addressing the particular facts and circumstances in this County, which are necessary to control the public health emergency as it is evolving within the County and the Bay Area. Without this tailored set of restrictions that further reduces the number of interactions between persons, scientific evidence indicates that the public health crisis in the County will worsen to the point at which it may overtake available health care resources within the County and increase the death rate. Also, this Order enumerates additional restrictions on non-work-related travel not covered by the State Shelter Order; sets forth mandatory Social Distancing Requirements for all individuals in the County when engaged in activities outside their residences; and adds a mechanism to ensure that all businesses with facilities that are allowed to operate under the Order comply with the Social Distancing Requirements. Where a conflict exists between this Order and any state public health order related to the COVID-19 pandemic, the most restrictive provision controls. Consistent with California Health and Safety Code section 131080 and the Health Officer Practice Guide for Communicable Disease Control in California, except where the State Health Officer may issue an order expressly directed at this Order and based on a finding that a provision of this Order constitutes a menace to 8 City and County of San Francisco Department of Public Health Order of the Health Officer ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e public health, any more restrictive measures in this Order continue to apply and control in this County. In addition, to the extent any federal guidelines allow activities that are not allowed by this Order, this Order controls and those activities are not allowed. 15. Definitions and Exemptions. a. For the purposes of this Order, individuals may leave their residence only to perform the following “Essential Activities.” But people at high risk of severe illness from COVID-19 and people who are sick are strongly urged to stay in their residence to the extent possible, except as necessary to seek or provide medical care or Essential Governmental Functions. Essential Activities are: i. To engage in activities or perform tasks important to their health and safety, or to the health and safety of their family or household members (including pets), such as, by way of example only and without limitation, obtaining medical supplies or medication, or visiting a health care professional. ii. To obtain necessary services or supplies for themselves and their family or household members, or to deliver those services or supplies to others, such as, by way of example only and without limitation, canned food, dry goods, fresh fruits and vegetables, pet supply, fresh meats, fish, and poultry, and any other household consumer products, or products necessary to maintain the habitability, sanitation, and operation of residences. iii. To engage in outdoor recreation activity, including, by way of example and without limitation, walking, hiking, bicycling, and running, in compliance with Social Distancing Requirements and with the following limitations: 1. Outdoor recreation activity at parks, beaches, and other open spaces must comply with any restrictions on access and use established by the Health Officer, government, or other entity that manages such area to reduce crowding and risk of transmission of COVID-19. Such restrictions may include, but are not limited to, restricting the number of entrants, closing the area to vehicular access and parking, or closure to all public access; 2. Except as otherwise provided in Appendix C-2, use of outdoor recreational areas and facilities with high-touch equipment or that encourage gathering, including, but not limited to, 9 City and County of San Francisco Department of Public Health Order of the Health Officer ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e playgrounds, gym equipment, climbing walls, picnic areas, dog parks, pools, spas, and barbecue areas, is prohibited outside of residences, and all such areas shall be closed to public access including by signage and, as appropriate, by physical barriers; 3. Except as otherwise provided in Appendix C-2, sports or activities that include the use of shared equipment or physical contact between participants may only be engaged in by members of the same household or living unit; and 4. Use of shared outdoor facilities for recreational activities that may occur outside of residences consistent with the restrictions set forth in subsections 1, 2, and 3, above, including, but not limited to, golf courses, skate parks, and athletic fields, must, before they may begin, comply with social distancing and health/safety protocols posted at the site and any other restrictions, including prohibitions, on access and use established by the Health Officer, government, or other entity that manages such area to reduce crowding and risk of transmission of COVID-19. iv. To perform work for or access an Essential Business, Outdoor Business, or Additional Business; or to otherwise carry out activities specifically permitted in this Order, including Minimum Basic Operations, as defined in this Section. v. To provide necessary care for a family member or pet in another household who has no other source of care. vi. To attend a funeral with no more than 10 individuals present. vii. To move residences. When moving into or out of the Bay Area region, individuals are strongly urged to quarantine for 14 days. To quarantine, individuals should follow the guidance of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. viii. To engage in Additional Activities, as specified in Appendix C-2. b. For the purposes of this Order, individuals may leave their residence to work for, volunteer at, or obtain services at “Healthcare Operations,” including, without limitation, hospitals, clinics, COVID-19 testing locations, dentists, pharmacies, blood banks and blood drives, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, other healthcare facilities, healthcare suppliers, home healthcare services providers, mental health providers, or any related and/or ancillary healthcare services. “Healthcare Operations” also includes 10 City and County of San Francisco Department of Public Health Order of the Health Officer ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e veterinary care and all healthcare services provided to animals. This exemption for Healthcare Operations shall be construed broadly to avoid any interference with the delivery of healthcare, broadly defined. “Healthcare Operations” excludes fitness and exercise gyms and similar facilities. c. For the purposes of this Order, individuals may leave their residence to provide any services or perform any work necessary to the operation and maintenance of “Essential Infrastructure,” including airports, utilities (including water, sewer, gas, and electrical), oil refining, roads and highways, public transportation, solid waste facilities (including collection, removal, disposal, recycling, and processing facilities), cemeteries, mortuaries, crematoriums, and telecommunications systems (including the provision of essential global, national, and local infrastructure for internet, computing services, business infrastructure, communications, and web-based services). d. For the purposes of this Order, all first responders, emergency management personnel, emergency dispatchers, court personnel, and law enforcement personnel, and others who need to perform essential services are categorically exempt from this Order to the extent they are performing those essential services. Further, nothing in this Order shall prohibit any individual from performing or accessing “Essential Governmental Functions,” as determined by the governmental entity performing those functions in the County. Each governmental entity shall identify and designate appropriate personnel, volunteers, or contractors to continue providing and carrying out any Essential Governmental Functions, including the hiring or retention of new personnel or contractors to perform such functions. Each governmental entity and its contractors must employ all necessary emergency protective measures to prevent, mitigate, respond to, and recover from the COVID-19 pandemic, and all Essential Governmental Functions shall be performed in compliance with Social Distancing Requirements to the greatest extent feasible. e. For the purposes of this Order, a “business” includes any for-profit, nonprofit, or educational entity, whether a corporate entity, organization, partnership or sole proprietorship, and regardless of the nature of the service, the function it performs, or its corporate or entity structure. f. For the purposes of this Order, “Essential Businesses” are: i. Healthcare Operations and businesses that operate, maintain, or repair Essential Infrastructure; ii. Grocery stores, certified farmers’ markets, farm and produce stands, supermarkets, food banks, convenience stores, and other establishments engaged in the retail sale of unprepared food, canned 11 City and County of San Francisco Department of Public Health Order of the Health Officer ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e food, dry goods, non-alcoholic beverages, fresh fruits and vegetables, pet supply, fresh meats, fish, and poultry, as well as hygienic products and household consumer products necessary for personal hygiene or the habitability, sanitation, or operation of residences. The businesses included in this subsection (ii) include establishments that sell multiple categories of products provided that they sell a significant amount of essential products identified in this subsection, such as liquor stores that also sell a significant amount of food; iii. Food cultivation, including farming, livestock, and fishing; iv. Businesses that provide food, shelter, and social services, and other necessities of life for economically disadvantaged or otherwise needy individuals; v. Construction, but only as permitted under the State Shelter Order and only pursuant to the Construction Safety Protocols listed in Appendix B and incorporated into this Order by this reference. City public works projects shall also be subject to Appendix B, except if other protocols are specified by the Health Officer; vi. Newspapers, television, radio, and other media services; vii. Gas stations and auto-supply, auto-repair (including, but not limited to, for cars, trucks, motorcycles and motorized scooters), and automotive dealerships, but only for the purpose of providing autosupply and auto-repair services. This subsection (vii) does not restrict the on-line purchase of automobiles if they are delivered to a residence or Essential Business; viii. Bicycle repair and supply shops; ix. Banks and related financial institutions; x. Service providers that enable real estate transactions (including rentals, leases, and home sales), including, but not limited to, real estate agents, escrow agents, notaries, and title companies, provided that appointments and other residential real estate viewings must only occur virtually or, if a virtual viewing is not feasible, by appointment with no more than two visitors at a time residing within the same household or living unit and one individual showing the unit (except that in person visits are not allowed when the occupant is present in the residence); 12 City and County of San Francisco Department of Public Health Order of the Health Officer ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e xi. Hardware stores; xii. Plumbers, electricians, exterminators, and other service providers who provide services that are necessary to maintaining the habitability, sanitation, or operation of residences and Essential Businesses; xiii. Businesses providing mailing and shipping services, including post office boxes; xiv. Educational institutions—including public and private K-12 schools, colleges, and universities—for purposes of facilitating distance learning or performing essential functions, or as allowed under subsection (xxvi), provided that social distancing of six feet per person is maintained to the greatest extent possible; xv. Laundromats, drycleaners, and laundry service providers; xvi. Restaurants and other facilities that prepare and serve food, but only for delivery or carry out. Schools and other entities that typically provide free food services to students or members of the public may continue to do so under this Order on the condition that the food is provided to students or members of the public on a pick-up and takeaway basis only. Schools and other entities that provide food services under this exemption shall not permit the food to be eaten at the site where it is provided, or at any other gathering site; xvii. Funeral home providers, mortuaries, cemeteries, and crematoriums, to the extent necessary for the transport, preparation, or processing of bodies or remains; xviii. Businesses that supply other Essential Businesses and Outdoor Businesses with the support or supplies necessary to operate, but only to the extent that they support or supply these businesses. This exemption shall not be used as a basis for engaging in sales to the general public from retail storefronts; xix. Businesses that have the primary function of shipping or delivering groceries, food, or other goods directly to residences or businesses. This exemption shall not be used to allow for manufacturing or assembly of non-essential products or for other functions besides those necessary to the delivery operation; xx. Airlines, taxis, rental car companies, rideshare services (including shared bicycles and scooters), and other private transportation 13 City and County of San Francisco Department of Public Health Order of the Health Officer ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e providers providing transportation services necessary for Essential Activities and other purposes expressly authorized in this Order; xxi. Home-based care for seniors, adults, children, and pets; xxii. Residential facilities and shelters for seniors, adults, and children; xxiii. Professional services, such as legal, notary, or accounting services, when necessary to assist in compliance with non-elective, legally required activities or in relation to death or incapacity; xxiv. Services to assist individuals in finding employment with Essential Businesses; xxv. Moving services that facilitate residential or commercial moves that are allowed under this Order; and xxvi. Childcare establishments and other educational or recreational institutions or programs providing care or supervision for children of all ages (with the exception of summer camps, which are addressed separately in Appendix C-1) that enable owners, employees, volunteers, and contractors for Essential Businesses, Essential Governmental Functions, Outdoor Businesses, Additional Businesses, or Minimum Basic Operations to work as allowed under this Order. To the extent possible, these operations must comply with the following conditions: 1. They must be carried out in stable groups of 12 or fewer children (“stable” means that the same 12 or fewer children are in the same group each day). 2. Children shall not change from one group to another. 3. If more than one group of children is at one facility, each group shall be in a separate room. Groups shall not mix with each other. 4. Providers or educators shall remain solely with one group of children. g. For the purposes of this Order, “Minimum Basic Operations” means the following activities for businesses, provided that owners, personnel, and contractors comply with Social Distancing Requirements as defined this Section, to the extent possible, while carrying out such operations: 14 City and County of San Francisco Department of Public Health Order of the Health Officer ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e i. The minimum necessary activities to maintain and protect the value of the business’s inventory and facilities; ensure security, safety, and sanitation; process payroll and employee benefits; provide for the delivery of existing inventory directly to residences or businesses; and related functions. For clarity, this section does not permit businesses to provide curbside pickup to customers. ii. The minimum necessary activities to facilitate owners, personnel, and contractors of the business being able to continue to work remotely from their residences, and to ensure that the business can deliver its service remotely. h. For the purposes of this Order, all businesses that are operating at facilities in the County visited or used by the public or personnel must, as a condition of such operation, prepare and post a “Social Distancing Protocol” for each of these facilities; provided, however, that construction activities shall instead comply with the Construction Project Safety Protocols set forth in Appendix B and not the Social Distancing Protocol. The Social Distancing Protocol must be substantially in the form attached to this Order as Appendix A, and it must be updated from prior versions to address new requirements listed in this Order or in related guidance or directives from the Health Officer. The Social Distancing Protocol must be posted at or near the entrance of the relevant facility, and shall be easily viewable by the public and personnel. A copy of the Social Distancing Protocol must also be provided to each person performing work at the facility. All businesses subject to this paragraph shall implement the Social Distancing Protocol and provide evidence of its implementation to any authority enforcing this Order upon demand. The Social Distancing Protocol must explain how the business is achieving the following, as applicable: i. Limiting the number of people who can enter into the facility at any one time to ensure that people in the facility can easily maintain a minimum six-foot distance from one another at all times, except as required to complete Essential Business activity; ii. Requiring face coverings to be worn by all persons entering the facility, other than those exempted from face covering requirements (e.g., young children); iii. Where lines may form at a facility, marking six-foot increments at a minimum, establishing where individuals should stand to maintain adequate social distancing; iv. Providing hand sanitizer, soap and water, or effective disinfectant at or near the entrance of the facility and in other appropriate areas for 15 City and County of San Francisco Department of Public Health Order of the Health Officer ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e use by the public and personnel, and in locations where there is highfrequency employee interaction with members of the public (e.g., cashiers); v. Providing for contactless payment systems or, if not feasible to do so, the providing for disinfecting all payment portals, pens, and styluses after each use; vi. Regularly disinfecting other high-touch surfaces; vii. Posting a sign at the entrance of the facility informing all personnel and customers that they should: avoid entering the facility if they have any COVID-19 symptoms; maintain a minimum six-foot distance from one another; sneeze and cough into their own elbow; and not shake hands or engage in any unnecessary physical contact; and viii. Any additional social distancing measures being implemented (see the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s guidance at: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/guidancebusiness-response.html). i. For the purposes of this Order, “Essential Travel” means travel for any of the following purposes: i. Travel related to the provision of or access to Essential Activities, Essential Governmental Functions, Essential Businesses, Minimum Basic Operations, Outdoor Activities, Outdoor Businesses, Additional Activities, and Additional Businesses. ii. Travel to care for any elderly, minors, dependents, or persons with disabilities. iii. Travel to or from educational institutions for purposes of receiving materials for distance learning, for receiving meals, and any other related services. iv. Travel to return to a place of residence from outside the County. v. Travel required by law enforcement or court order. vi. Travel required for non-residents to return to their place of residence outside the County. Individuals are strongly encouraged to verify that their transportation out of the County remains available and 16 City and County of San Francisco Department of Public Health Order of the Health Officer ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e functional prior to commencing such travel. vii. Travel to manage after-death arrangements and burial. viii. Travel to arrange for shelter or avoid homelessness. ix. Travel to avoid domestic violence or child abuse. x. Travel for parental custody arrangements. xi. Travel to a place to temporarily reside in a residence or other facility to avoid potentially exposing others to COVID-19, such as a hotel or other facility provided by a governmental authority for such purposes. j. For purposes of this Order, “residences” include hotels, motels, shared rental units, and similar facilities. Residences also include living structures and outdoor spaces associated with those living structures, such as patios, porches, backyards, and front yards that are only accessible to a single family or household unit. k. For purposes of this Order, “Social Distancing Requirements” means: i. Maintaining at least six-foot social distancing from individuals who are not part of the same household or living unit; ii. Frequently washing hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, or using hand sanitizer that is recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as effective in combatting COVID-19; iii. Covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue or fabric or, if not possible, into the sleeve or elbow (but not into hands); iv. Wearing a face covering when out in public, consistent with the orders or guidance of the Health Officer; and v. Avoiding all social interaction outside the household when sick with a fever, cough, or other COVID-19 symptoms. All individuals must strictly comply with Social Distancing Requirements, except to the limited extent necessary to provide care (including childcare, adult or senior care, care to individuals with special needs, and patient care); as necessary to carry out the work of Essential Businesses, Essential Governmental Functions, or provide for Minimum Basic Operations; or as otherwise expressly provided in this Order. Outdoor Activities, Outdoor 17 City and County of San Francisco Department of Public Health Order of the Health Officer ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e Businesses, Additional Activities, and Additional Businesses must strictly adhere to these Social Distancing Requirements. l. For purposes of this Order, “Outdoor Businesses” means: i. The following businesses that normally operated primarily outdoors prior to March 16, 2020 and where there is the ability to fully maintain social distancing of at least six feet between all persons: 1. Businesses primarily operated outdoors, such as wholesale and retail plant nurseries, agricultural operations, and garden centers. 2. Service providers that primarily provide outdoor services, such as landscaping and gardening services, and environmental site remediation services. For clarity, “Outdoor Businesses” do not include outdoor restaurants, cafes, or bars. Except as otherwise provided in Appendix C, they also do not include businesses that promote large, coordinated, and prolonged gatherings, such as outdoor concert venues and amusement parks. m. For purposes of this Order, “Outdoor Activities” means: i. To obtain goods, services, or supplies from, or perform work for, an Outdoor Business. ii. To engage in outdoor recreation as permitted in Section 15.a. n. For purposes of this Order, “Additional Business” means any business, entity, or other organization identified as an Additional Business in Appendix C-1, which will be updated as warranted based on the Health Officer’s ongoing evaluation of the COVID-19 Indicators and other data. In addition to the other requirements in this Order, operation of those Additional Businesses is subject to any conditions and health and safety requirements set forth in Appendix C-1 and in any industry-specific guidance issued by the Health Officer. o. For purposes of this Order, “Additional Activities” means: i. To obtain goods, services, or supplies from, or perform work for, Additional Businesses identified in Appendix C-1, subject to requirements in this Order, and any conditions and health and safety requirements set forth in this Order or in any industry-specific 18 City and County of San Francisco Department of Public Health Order of the Health Officer ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e guidance issued by the Health Officer. ii. To engage in outdoor recreation activities or other activities set forth in Appendix C-2, subject to any conditions and health and safety requirements set forth there. 16. Government agencies and other entities operating shelters and other facilities that house or provide meals or other necessities of life for individuals experiencing homelessness must take appropriate steps to help ensure compliance with Social Distancing Requirements, including adequate provision of hand sanitizer. Also, individuals experiencing homelessness who are unsheltered and living in encampments should, to the maximum extent feasible, abide by 12 foot by 12 foot distancing for the placement of tents, and government agencies should provide restroom and hand washing facilities for individuals in such encampments as set forth in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Interim Guidance Responding to Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Among People Experiencing Unsheltered Homelessness (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extraprecautions/unsheltered-homelessness.html). 17. Pursuant to Government Code sections 26602 and 41601 and Health and Safety Code section 101029, the Health Officer requests that the Sheriff and the Chief of Police in the County ensure compliance with and enforce this Order. The violation of any provision of this Order constitutes an imminent threat and menace to public health, constitutes a public nuisance, and is punishable by fine, imprisonment, or both. 18. This Order shall become effective at 12:00 p.m. on May 22, 2020 and will continue to be in effect until it is rescinded, superseded, or amended in writing by the Health Officer. 19. Effective as of 12:00 p.m. on May 22, 2020, this Order revises and replaces Order Number C19-07d, issued May 17, 2020. This Order also extends Order Nos. C1901b (prohibiting visitors at Laguna Honda Hospital and Rehabilitation Center and Unit 4A at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital), C19-03 (prohibiting visitors to specific residential facilities), C19-04 (imposing cleaning standards for residential hotels), C19-06 (prohibiting visitors to general acute care hospitals and acute psychiatric hospitals), C19-09 (prohibiting visitors to residential care facilities for the elderly, adult residential facilities, and residential facilities for the chronically ill), and C19-11 (placing Laguna Honda Hospital and Rehabilitation Center under protective quarantine) without any further need to amend those orders, with those listed orders otherwise remaining in effect until the specific listed order or this Order is extended, rescinded, superseded, or amended in writing by the Health Officer. This Order does not prohibit amendment of those orders separately. This Order also does not affect Order Nos. C19-08b (limiting routine appointments and elective surgeries and encouraging delivery of prescriptions and 19 City and County of San Francisco Department of Public Health Order of the Health Officer ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e cannabis products), C19-10 (requiring reporting by labs of COVID-19 testing information), C19-12 (requiring face coverings), and C19-13 (regarding testing, reporting, and cooperation at skilled nursing facilities), which continue indefinitely as provided in those respective orders until each of them is extended, rescinded, superseded, or amended in writing by the Health Officer. 20. The County must promptly provide copies of this Order as follows: (1) by posting on the City Administrator’s website (www.sfgsa.org) and the Department of Public Health website (www.sfdph.org); (2) by posting at City Hall, located at 1 Dr. Carlton B. Goodlett Pl., San Francisco, CA 94102; and (3) by providing to any member of the public requesting a copy. In addition, the owner, manager, or operator of any facility that is likely to be impacted by this Order is strongly encouraged to post a copy of this Order onsite and to provide a copy to any member of the public asking for a copy. 21. If any provision of this Order or its application to any person or circumstance is held to be invalid, the remainder of the Order, including the application of such part or provision to other persons or circumstances, shall not be affected and shall continue in full force and effect. To this end, the provisions of this Order are severable. IT IS SO ORDERED: Tomás J. Aragón, MD, DrPH, Health Officer of the City and County of San Francisco Dated: May 22, 2020 Attachments: Appendix A – Social Distancing Protocol (revised 4/29/20) Appendix B-1 – Small Construction Project Safety Protocol Appendix B-2 – Large Construction Project Safety Protocol Appendix C-1 – Additional Businesses Appendix C-2 – Additional Activities 20 Order No. C19-07e - Appendix A: Social Distancing Protocol (revised 4/29/2020) Business name: Facility Address: Approximate gross square footage of space open to the public: Businesses must implement all applicable measures listed below, and be prepared to explain why any measure that is not implemented is inapplicable to the business. Signage: ☐Signage at each public entrance of the facility to inform all personnel and customers that they should: avoid entering the facility if they have a cough, fever, or other COVID-19 symptoms; maintain a minimum six-foot distance from one another; sneeze and cough into a cloth or tissue or, if not available, into one’s elbow; wear a face covering, as required; and not shake hands or engage in any unnecessary physical contact. ☐Signage posting a copy of the Social Distancing Protocol at each public entrance to the facility. Measures To Protect Personnel Health (check all that apply to the facility): ☐ Everyone who can carry out their work duties from home has been directed to do so. ☐ All personnel have been told not to come to work if sick. ☐ Symptom checks are being conducted before personnel may enter the work space. ☐ Personnel are required to wear a face covering, as required by Order No. C19-12. ☐ All desks or individual work stations are separated by at least six feet. ☐ Break rooms, bathrooms, and other common areas are being disinfected frequently, on the following schedule: ☐ Break rooms: ☐ Bathrooms: ☐ Other: ☐ Disinfectant and related supplies are available to all personnel at the following location(s): ☐ Hand sanitizer effective against COVID-19 is available to all personnel at the following location(s): ☐ Soap and water are available to all personnel at the following location(s): ☐ Copies of this Protocol have been distributed to all personnel. ☐ Optional—Describe other measures: Measures To Prevent Crowds From Gathering (check all that apply to the facility): ☐ Limit the number of customers in the store at any one time to_______________________, which allows for customers and personnel to easily maintain at least six-foot distance from one another at all practicable times. ☐ Post personnel at the door to ensure that the maximum number of customers in the facility set forth above is not exceeded. Order No. C19-07e - Appendix A: Social Distancing Protocol (revised 4/29/2020) ☐ Placing per-person limits on goods that are selling out quickly to reduce crowds and lines. Explain: ☐ Optional—Describe other measures: Measures To Keep People At Least Six Feet Apart (check all that apply to the facility) ☐ Placing signs outside the store reminding people to be at least six feet apart, including when in line. ☐ Placing tape or other markings at least six feet apart in customer line areas inside the store and on sidewalks at public entrances with signs directing customers to use the markings to maintain distance. ☐ Separate order areas from delivery areas to prevent customers from gathering. ☐ All personnel have been instructed to maintain at least six feet distance from customers and from each other, except personnel may momentarily come closer when necessary to accept payment, deliver goods or services, or as otherwise necessary. ☐ Optional—Describe other measures: Measures To Prevent Unnecessary Contact (check all that apply to the facility): ☐ Preventing people from self-serving any items that are food-related. ☐ Lids for cups and food-bar type items are provided by personnel; not to customers to grab. ☐ Bulk-item food bins are not available for customer self-service use. ☐ Not permitting customers to bring their own bags, mugs, or other reusable items from home. ☐ Providing for contactless payment systems or, if not feasible, sanitizing payment systems regularly. Describe: ☐ Optional—Describe other measures (e.g., providing senior-only hours): Measures To Increase Sanitization (check all that apply to the facility): ☐ Disinfecting wipes that are effective against COVID-19 are available near shopping carts and shopping baskets. ☐ Personnel are assigned to disinfect carts and baskets after each use. ☐ Hand sanitizer, soap and water, or effective disinfectant is available to the public at or near the entrance of the facility, at checkout counters, and anywhere else where people have direct interactions. ☐ All payment portals, pens, and styluses are disinfected after each use. ☐ All high-contact surfaces are disinfected frequently. ☐ Optional—Describe other measures: * Any additional measures not included here should be listed on separate pages and attached to this document. You may contact the following person with any questions or comments about this protocol: Name: Phone number: ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e Appendix B-1 Small Construction Project Safety Protocol (revised May 22, 2020) 1. Any construction project meeting any of the following specifications is subject to this Small Construction Project Safety Protocol (“SCP Protocol”), including public works projects unless otherwise specified by the Health Officer: a. For residential projects, any single-family, multi-family, senior, student, or other residential construction, renovation, or remodel project consisting of 10 units or fewer. This SCP Protocol does not apply to construction projects where a person is performing construction on their current residence either alone or solely with members of their own household. b. For commercial projects, any construction, renovation, or tenant improvement project consisting of 20,000 square feet of floor area or less. c. For mixed-use projects, any project that meets both of the specifications in subsections 1.a and 1.b. d. All other construction projects not subject to the Large Construction Project Safety Protocol set forth in Appendix B-2. 2. The following restrictions and requirements must be in place at all construction job sites subject to this SCP Protocol: a. Comply with all applicable and current laws and regulations including but not limited to OSHA and Cal-OSHA. If there is any conflict, difference, or discrepancy between or among applicable laws and regulations and/or this SCP Protocol, the stricter standard shall apply. b. Designate a site-specific COVID-19 supervisor or supervisors to enforce this guidance. A designated COVID-19 supervisor must be present on the construction site at all times during construction activities. A COVID-19 supervisor may be an on-site worker who is designated to serve in this role. c. The COVID-19 supervisor must review this SCP Protocol with all workers and visitors to the construction site. d. Establish a daily screening protocol for arriving staff to ensure that potentially infected staff do not enter the construction site. If workers leave the jobsite and return the same day, establish a cleaning and decontamination protocol prior to entry and exit of the jobsite. Post the daily screening protocol at all entrances and exits to the jobsite. More information on screening can be found online at: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019ncov/community/index.html. e. Practice social distancing by maintaining a minimum six-foot distance between workers at all times, except as strictly necessary to carry out a task associated with the construction project. 1    ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e Appendix B-1 f. In the event of a confirmed case of COVID-19 at any jobsite, the following must take place: i. Immediately remove the infected individual from the jobsite with directions to seek medical care. ii. Decontaminate and sanitize all surfaces at each location at which the infected worker was present. Provide those performing the decontamination and sanitization work with medicalgrade PPE, ensure the workers are trained in proper use of the PPE, require the workers to use the provided PPE, and prohibit any sharing of the PPE. Prohibit anyone from entering the possibly contaminated area, except those performing decontamination and sanitization work. Cease all work in these locations until decontamination and sanitization is complete. iii. Notify the County Public Health Department Communicable Disease Control (CD Control) immediately at 415-554-2830. Follow all directives and complete any additional requirements by County health officials, including full compliance with any tracing efforts by the County. g. Where construction work occurs within an occupied residential unit, separate work areas must be sealed off from the remainder of the unit with physical barriers such as plastic sheeting or closed doors sealed with tape to the extent feasible. If possible, workers must access the work area from an alternative entry/exit door to the entry/exit door used by residents. Available windows and exhaust fans must be used to ventilate the work area. If residents have access to the work area between workdays, the work area must be cleaned and sanitized at the beginning and at the end of workdays. Every effort must be taken to minimize contact between workers and residents, including maintaining a minimum of six feet of social distancing at all times. h. Where construction work occurs within common areas of an occupied residential or commercial building or a mixed-use building in use by on-site employees or residents, separate work areas must be sealed off from the rest of the common areas with physical barriers such as plastic sheeting or closed doors sealed with tape to the extent feasible. If possible, workers must access the work area from an alternative building entry/exit door to the building entry/exit door used by residents or other users of the building. Every effort must be taken to minimize contact between worker and building residents and users, including maintaining a minimum of six feet of social distancing at all times. i. Prohibit gatherings of any size on the jobsite, including gatherings for breaks or eating, except for meetings regarding compliance with this protocol or as strictly necessary to carry out a task associated with the construction project. j. Cal-OSHA requires employers to provide water, which should be provided in single-serve containers. Sharing of any of any food or beverage is strictly prohibited and if sharing is observed, the worker must be sent home for the day. k. Provide personal protective equipment (PPE) specifically for use in construction, including gloves, goggles, face shields, and face coverings as appropriate for the activity being performed. At no time may a contractor secure or use medical-grade PPE unless required 2    ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e Appendix B-1 due to the medical nature of a jobsite. Face coverings must be worn in compliance with Section 5 of the Health Officer’s Order No. C19-12, dated April 17, 2020, or any subsequently issued or amended order. l. Prohibit use of microwaves, water coolers, and other similar shared equipment. m. Strictly control “choke points” and “high-risk areas” where workers are unable to maintain six-foot social distancing and prohibit or limit use to ensure that six-foot distance can easily be maintained between individuals. n. Minimize interactions and maintain social distancing with all site visitors, including delivery workers, design professional and other project consultants, government agency representatives, including building and fire inspectors, and residents at residential construction sites. o. Stagger trades as necessary to reduce density and allow for easy maintenance of minimum six-foot separation. p. Discourage workers from using others’ desks, work tools, and equipment. If more than one worker uses these items, the items must be cleaned and disinfected with disinfectants that are effective against COVID-19 in between use by each new worker. Prohibit sharing of PPE. q. If hand washing facilities are not available at the jobsite, place portable wash stations or hand sanitizers that are effective against COVID-19 at entrances to the jobsite and in multiple locations dispersed throughout the jobsite as warranted. r. Clean and sanitize any hand washing facilities, portable wash stations, jobsite restroom areas, or other enclosed spaces daily with disinfectants that are effective against COVID-19. Frequently clean and disinfect all high touch areas, including entry and exit areas, high traffic areas, rest rooms, hand washing areas, high touch surfaces, tools, and equipment s. Maintain a daily attendance log of all workers and visitors that includes contact information, including name, phone number, address, and email. t. Post a notice in an area visible to all workers and visitors instructing workers and visitors to do the following: i. Do not touch your face with unwashed hands or with gloves. ii. Frequently wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or use hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol. iii. Clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces such as work stations, keyboards, telephones, handrails, machines, shared tools, elevator control buttons, and doorknobs. iv. Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, or cough or sneeze into the crook of your arm at your elbow/sleeve. 3    ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e Appendix B-1 v. Do not enter the jobsite if you have a fever, cough, or other COVID-19 symptoms. If you feel sick, or have been exposed to anyone who is sick, stay at home. vi. Constantly observe your work distances in relation to other staff. Maintain the recommended minimum six feet at all times when not wearing the necessary PPE for working in close proximity to another person. vii. Do not carpool to and from the jobsite with anyone except members of your own household unit, or as necessary for workers who have no alternative means of transportation. viii. Do not share phones or PPE. u. The notice in Section 2.t must be translated as necessary to ensure that all non-English speaking workers are able to understand the notice.   4    ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e Appendix B-2   Large Construction Project Safety Protocol (revised May 22, 2020) 1. Any construction project meeting any of the following specifications is subject to this Large Construction Project Safety Protocol (“LCP Protocol”), including public works projects unless otherwise specified by the Health Officer: a. For residential construction projects, any single-family, multi-family, senior, student, or other residential construction, renovation, or remodel project consisting of more than 10 units. b. For commercial construction projects, any construction, renovation, or tenant improvement project consisting of more than 20,000 square feet of floor area. c. For construction of Essential Infrastructure, as defined in Section 16.c of the Order, any project that requires twenty or more workers at the jobsite at any one time. 2. The following restrictions and requirements must be in place at all construction job sites subject to this LCP Protocol: a. Comply with all applicable and current laws and regulations including but not limited to OSHA and Cal-OSHA. If there is any conflict, difference or discrepancy between or among applicable laws and regulations and/or this LCP Protocol, the stricter standard will apply. b. Prepare a new or updated Site-Specific Health and Safety Plan to address COVID19-related issues, post the Plan on-site at all entrances and exits, and produce a copy of the Plan to County governmental authorities upon request. The Plan must be translated as necessary to ensure that all non-English speaking workers are able to understand the Plan. c. Provide personal protective equipment (PPE) specifically for use in construction, including gloves, goggles, face shields, and face coverings as appropriate for the activity being performed. At no time may a contractor secure or use medical-grade PPE, unless required due to the medical nature of a job site. Face Coverings must be worn in compliance with Section 5 of the Health Officer’s Order, dated April 17, 2020, or any subsequently issued or amended order. d. Ensure that employees are trained in the use of PPE. Maintain and make available a log of all PPE training provided to employees and monitor all employees to ensure proper use of the PPE. e. Prohibit sharing of PPE. f. Implement social distancing requirements including, at minimum: 1    ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e Appendix B-2   i. Stagger stop- and start-times for shift schedules to reduce the quantity of workers at the jobsite at any one time to the extent feasible. ii. Stagger trade-specific work to minimize the quantity of workers at the jobsite at any one time. iii. Require social distancing by maintaining a minimum six-foot distance between workers at all times, except as strictly necessary to carry out a task associated with the project. iv. Prohibit gatherings of any size on the jobsite, except for safety meetings or as strictly necessary to carry out a task associated with the project. v. Strictly control “choke points” and “high-risk areas” where workers are unable to maintain minimum six-foot social distancing and prohibit or limit use to ensure that minimum six-foot distancing can easily be maintained between workers. vi. Minimize interactions and maintain social distancing with all site visitors, including delivery workers, design professional and other project consultants, government agency representatives, including building and fire inspectors, and residents at residential construction sites. vii. Prohibit workers from using others’ phones or desks. Any work tools or equipment that must be used by more than one worker must be cleaned with disinfectants that are effective against COVID-19 before use by a new worker. viii. Place wash stations or hand sanitizers that are effective against COVID-19 at entrances to the jobsite and in multiple locations dispersed throughout the jobsite as warranted. ix. Maintain a daily attendance log of all workers and visitors that includes contact information, including name, address, phone number, and email. x. Post a notice in an area visible to all workers and visitors instructing workers and visitors to do the following: 1. Do not touch your face with unwashed hands or with gloves. 2. Frequently wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or use hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol. 3. Clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces such as workstations, keyboards, telephones, handrails, machines, shared tools, elevator control buttons, and doorknobs. 4. Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing or cough or sneeze into the crook of your arm at your elbow/sleeve. 5. Do not enter the jobsite if you have a fever, cough, or other COVID19 symptoms. If you feel sick, or have been exposed to anyone who is sick, stay at home. 6. Constantly observe your work distances in relation to other staff. Maintain the recommended minimum six-feet distancing at all times when not wearing the necessary PPE for working in close proximity to another person. 7. Do not share phones or PPE. 2    ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e Appendix B-2   xi. The notice in section 2.f.x must be translated as necessary to ensure that all non-English speaking workers are able to understand the notice. g. Implement cleaning and sanitization practices in accordance with the following: i. Frequently clean and sanitize, in accordance with CDC guidelines, all high-traffic and high-touch areas including, at a minimum: meeting areas, jobsite lunch and break areas, entrances and exits to the jobsite, jobsite trailers, hand-washing areas, tools, equipment, jobsite restroom areas, stairs, elevators, and lifts. ii. Establish a cleaning and decontamination protocol prior to entry and exit of the jobsite and post the protocol at entrances and exits of jobsite. iii. Supply all personnel performing cleaning and sanitization with proper PPE to prevent them from contracting COVID-19. Employees must not share PPE. iv. Establish adequate time in the workday to allow for proper cleaning and decontamination including prior to starting at or leaving the jobsite for the day. h. Implement a COVID-19 community spread reduction plan as part of the Site-Specific Health and Safety Plan that includes, at minimum, the following restrictions and requirements: i. Prohibit all carpooling to and from the jobsite except by workers living within the same household unit, or as necessary for workers who have no alternative means of transportation. ii. Cal-OSHA requires employers to provide water, which should be provided in singleserve containers. Prohibit any sharing of any food or beverage and if sharing is observed, the worker must be sent home for the day. iii. Prohibit use of microwaves, water coolers, and other similar shared equipment. i. Assign a COVID-19 Safety Compliance Officer (SCO) to the jobsite and ensure the SCO’s name is posted on the Site-Specific Health and Safety Plan. The SCO must: i. Ensure implementation of all recommended safety and sanitation requirements regarding the COVID-19 virus at the jobsite. ii. Compile daily written verification that each jobsite is compliant with the components of this LCP Protocol. Each written verification form must be copied, stored, and made immediately available upon request by any County official. iii. Establish a daily screening protocol for arriving staff, to ensure that potentially infected staff do not enter the construction site. If workers leave the jobsite and return the same day, establish a cleaning and decontamination protocol prior to entry and exit of the jobsite. Post the daily screening protocol at all entrances and exit to the jobsite. More information on screening can be found online at: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/index.html. iv. Conduct daily briefings in person or by teleconference that must cover the following topics: 1. New jobsite rules and pre-job site travel restrictions for the prevention of COVID-19 community spread. 2. Review of sanitation and hygiene procedures. 3. Solicitation of worker feedback on improving safety and sanitation. 4. Coordination of construction site daily cleaning/sanitation requirements. 3    ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e Appendix B-2   5. Conveying updated information regarding COVID-19. 6. Emergency protocols in the event of an exposure or suspected exposure to COVID-19. v. Develop and ensure implementation of a remediation plan to address any noncompliance with this LCP Protocol and post remediation plan at entrance and exit of jobsite during remediation period. The remediation plan must be translated as necessary to ensure that all non-English speaking workers are able to understand the document. vi. The SCO must not permit any construction activity to continue without bringing such activity into compliance with these requirements. vii. Report repeated non-compliance with this LCP Protocol to the appropriate jobsite supervisors and a designated County official.    j. Assign a COVID-19 Third-Party Jobsite Safety Accountability Supervisor (JSAS) for the jobsite, who at a minimum holds an OSHA-30 certificate and first-aid training within the past two years, who must be trained in the protocols herein and verify compliance, including by visual inspection and random interviews with workers, with this LCP Protocol. i. Within seven calendar days of each jobsite visit, the JSAS must complete a written assessment identifying any failure to comply with this LCP Protocol. The written assessment must be copied, stored, and, upon request by the County, sent to a designated County official. ii. If the JSAS discovers that a jobsite is not in compliance with this LCP Protocol, the JSAS must work with the SCO to develop and implement a remediation plan. iii. The JSAS must coordinate with the SCO to prohibit continuation of any work activity not in compliance with rules stated herein until addressed and the continuing work is compliant. iv. The remediation plan must be sent to a designated County official within five calendar days of the JSAS’s discovery of the failure to comply. k. In the event of a confirmed case of COVID-19 at any jobsite, the following must take place: i. Immediately remove the infected individual from the jobsite with directions to seek medical care. ii. Decontaminate and sanitize all surfaces at each location at which the infected worker was present. Provide those performing the decontamination and sanitization work with medical-grade PPE, ensure the workers are trained in proper use of the PPE, require the workers to use the provided PPE, and prohibit any sharing of the PPE. Prohibit anyone from entering the possibly contaminated area, except those performing decontamination and sanitization work. Cease all work in these locations until decontamination and sanitization is complete. iii. Notify the County Public Health Department Communicable Disease Control (CD Control) immediately at 415-554-2830. Follow all directives and complete any 4    ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER No. C19-07e Appendix B-2   additional requirements by County health officials, including full compliance with any tracing efforts by the County. l. Where construction work occurs within an occupied residential unit, any separate work area must be sealed off from the remainder of the unit with physical barriers such as plastic sheeting or closed doors sealed with tape to the extent feasible. If possible, workers must access the work area from an alternative entry/exit door to the entry/exit door used by residents. Available windows and exhaust fans must be used to ventilate the work area. If residents have access to the work area between workdays, the work area must be cleaned and sanitized at the beginning and at the end of workdays. Every effort must be taken to minimize contact between workers and residents, including maintaining a minimum of six feet of social distancing at all times. m. Where construction work occurs within common areas of an occupied residential or commercial building or a mixed-use building in use by on-site employees or residents, any separate work area must be sealed off from the rest of the common areas with physical barriers such as plastic sheeting or closed doors sealed with tape to the extent feasible. If possible, workers must access the work area from an alternative building entry/exit door to the building entry/exit door used by residents or other users of the building. Every effort must be taken to minimize contact between worker and building residents and users, including maintaining a minimum of six feet of social distancing at all times. 5    Order No. C19-07e – Appendix C-1: Additional Businesses Permitted to Operate [May 22, 2020] General Requirements The “Additional Businesses” listed below may begin operating, subject to the requirements set forth in the Order and to any additional requirements set forth below or in separate industryspecific guidance by the Health Officer. These businesses were selected to implement an initial measured expansion of commercial activity based on health-related considerations including the risks of COVID-19 transmission associated with types and modes of business operations, the ability to substantially mitigate transmission risks associated with the operations, and related factors, such as the following:     Increase in mobility and volume of activity—the overall impact the reopening will have on the number of people leaving their homes and traveling to work at or access the business; Contact intensity—the type (close or distant) and duration (brief or prolonged) of the contact involved in the business; Number of contacts—the approximate number of people that will be in the setting at the same time; and Modification potential—the degree to which mitigation measures can decrease the risk of transmission. To mitigate the risk of transmission to the greatest extent possible, before resuming operations, each Additional Businesses must: a. Prepare, post, implement, and distribute to their Personnel a Social Distancing Protocol as specified in Section 6 and subsection 15.h of the Order for each of their facilities in the County frequented by personnel or members of the public; and b. Prepare, post, implement, and distribute to their Personnel a written health and safety plan that addresses all applicable best practices set forth in relevant Health Officer directives. As used in this Appendix C-1, “Personnel” means the following people who provide goods or services associated with the Additional Business in the County: employees; contractors and subcontractors (such as those who sell goods or perform services onsite or who deliver goods for the business); independent contractors (such as “gig workers” who perform work via the Additional Business’s app or other online interface); vendors who are permitted to sell goods onsite; volunteers; and other individuals who regularly provide services onsite at the request of the Additional Business. Also, each Additional Business must comply with Social Distancing Requirements as well as all relevant state guidance and local directives. Where a conflict exists between the state guidance and local public heath directives related to the COVID-19 pandemic, the most restrictive provision controls. 1 Order No. C19-07e – Appendix C-1: Additional Businesses Permitted to Operate [May 22, 2020] List of Additional Businesses For purposes of the Order, Additional Businesses include the following based on the summarized health risk related rationale: (1) Retail Stores and Retail Supply Chain Businesses a. Basis for Addition. Curbside pickup of goods at retail stores has low contact intensity and a moderate number of contacts where interaction between the businesses’ Personnel (as defined above) and customers occur in the outdoors. Businesses that involve outdoor interactions carry a lower risk of transmission than most indoor businesses. Also, curbside pickup at these stores should result in only a relatively modest increase in the number of people reentering the workforce, and the overall volume of commercial activity and mitigation measures can meaningfully decrease the resulting public health risk. b. Description and Conditions to Operate. The following businesses are permitted to operate, beginning at 10:00 a.m. on May 18, 2020, subject to the stated limitations and conditions: i. Retail stores may operate subject to the following limitations: 1. Retail stores may operate for curbside/outside pickup of goods, and customers may not enter the store; 2. These retail stores are not permitted to move their goods outside for display or sale at this time; 3. No more than 10 Personnel may be on site in the retail facility at any time; 4. The stores must have direct access to an immediately adjacent sidewalk, street, alley, or parking area for pickup by customers using any mode of travel, without blocking pedestrian access or causing pedestrian or vehicle congestion; and 5. Retail stores in an enclosed indoor shopping center that do not have direct access to adjacent sidewalk, street, parking lot or alley area may not reopen at this time. ii. Businesses that manufacture the goods sold at retail stores covered in category (i) above and have no more than 50 Personnel on site in the facility at any time. iii. Businesses that provide warehousing and logistical support to the retail stores covered in category (i) above and have no more than 50 Personnel on site in the facility at any time. For clarity, the limits on the total number of Personnel in categories (i), (ii), and (iii) are subject to Personnel maintaining at least six feet of physical distance at all times; that is, if a facility does not have enough space to provide at least six feet of physical distance between the maximum number of Personnel then it may only have the number of people on site that does allow for such physical distancing. Also, those maximum limits on Personnel in categories (i), (ii), and (iii) do 2 Order No. C19-07e – Appendix C-1: Additional Businesses Permitted to Operate [May 22, 2020] not apply to any facility that has been operating as an Essential Business. Operation of retail stores for curbside pickup under category (i) applies only to the sale of goods and not the provision of services. The exchange of goods between the store’s Personnel and its customers must take place in the outdoors, though the exchange may be through a door or open window. Shopping center operators, as discussed in Section b(i)(5) above, may submit a proposed plan including the number of retailers and employees that would be resuming operation, as well as the specific social distancing/sanitation measures the shopping center would employ to prevent congestion at the doorways and streets, and protect customers and employees. Subject to the written approval of the Health Officer or the Health Officer’s designee, the shopping center may then operate for curbside pickup consistent with the approved plan. (2) Childcare Programs for All Children c. Basis for Addition. Childcare is critical to early education and developmental equity, family social and economic wellbeing, and economic recovery from the pandemic. More specifically, childcare is an important element for a child’s social and emotional development, as well as for a child’s physical health and wellness. Also, childcare is often necessary to allow parents or guardians to work, making the availability of childcare important for individual families as well as the local economy. Attendance at a childcare program involves a relatively high number of contacts and intensity of those contacts. The risks of virus transmission can be reduced by mitigation measures, as generally described below. But children’s inability to consistently follow social distancing and sanitation recommendations means that even with the mitigation measures the risk of transmission is higher than in interactions exclusively among adults. And while based on available evidence, children do not appear to be at higher risk for COVID-19 than adults, medical knowledge about the possible health effects of COVID-19 on children is evolving. Accordingly, the decision about whether to enroll a child in a childcare program is an individualized inquiry that should be made by parents/guardians with an understanding of the risks that such enrollment entails. Parents/guardians may discuss these risks and their concerns with their pediatrician. The Health Officer will continue to monitor the changing situation and may amend this section as necessary to protect the public health. d. Description and Conditions to Operate. i. Beginning at 7:00 a.m. on June 1, 2020, educational or recreational institutions or programs that provide care or supervision for children of any age (with the exception of summer camps, which are addressed separately below) (“Childcare Programs”) may open for all children, subject to the stated limitations and conditions: 1. State-licensed Childcare Programs for children ages 0-5 years must currently limit group size to 10 children per room or space under state licensing requirements (if the state increases the permitted group size, Childcare Programs may increase the size of their groups accordingly, not to exceed 12 children), and all other Childcare Programs must limit group size to 12 children per room or space; 3 Order No. C19-07e – Appendix C-1: Additional Businesses Permitted to Operate [May 22, 2020] 2. Childcare Program sessions must be at least three weeks long, and childcare programs without set sessions may not enroll children for fewer than three weeks; 3. Childcare Programs must comply with all of the requirements set forth in the relevant industry-specific Health Order directive, including the requirements to have the parent(s) or guardian(s) of any child attending the program sign an acknowledgement of health risks, and to prepare and implement a written health and safety plan to mitigate the risk of virus transmission to the greatest extent feasible. ii. Beginning at 7:00 a.m. on June 15, 2020, summer camps and summer learning programs open to children over the age of six that operate exclusively outside of the academic school year (“Summer Camps”) may open for all children, subject to the stated limitations and conditions: 1. Summer Camps must limit group size to 12 children (a “pod”) per room or space; 2. Summer Camp sessions must last at least three weeks; 3. Children must remain in the same pod for at least three weeks, and preferably for the entire time throughout the summer. 4. Summer Camps may not begin to operate for any children prior to June 15, 2020, and until they have complied with all of the requirements set forth in the relevant industry-specific Health Order directives including the requirements to complete an online form with general information about the program and required certifications, to have the parent(s) or guardian(s) of any child attending the program sign an acknowledgement of health risks, and to prepare and implement a written health and safety plan to mitigate the risk of virus transmission to the greatest extent feasible. For clarity, as of May 22, 2020, existing Childcare Programs may continue and new Childcare Programs may begin to operate for the children of parent(s) or guardian(s) who are owners, employees, volunteers, and contractors of Essential Businesses, Essential Governmental Functions, Outdoor Businesses, or Additional Businesses, as long as they comply with the above conditions and the relevant industry-specific directive. On June 1, 2020, Childcare Programs may begin to operate for all children. Summer Camps may not begin to operate for any children before June 15, 2020, and must comply with all of the requirements of the relevant industryspecific directive prior to beginning to operate. Childcare Programs and Summer Camps may operate for all of part of the day. (Added May 17, 2020; revised May 22, 2020) 4 Order No. C19-07e – Appendix C-2: Allowed Additional Activities [May 22, 2020] (no changes from May 17, 2020 version) General Requirements The “Additional Activities” listed below may resume, subject to the requirements set forth in the Order and to any additional requirements set forth below or in separate guidance by the Health Officer. These activities were selected to implement an initial measured expansion of activity based on health-related considerations including the risks of COVID-19 transmission associated with types and modes of activity, the ability to substantially mitigate transmission risks associated with the operations, and related factors, such as the following:     Increase in mobility and volume of activity—the overall impact resumption of the activity will have on the number of people leaving their homes and interacting with others in the community; Contact intensity—the type (close or distant) and duration (brief or prolonged) of the contact involved in the activity; Number of contacts—the approximate number of people that will be in the setting at the same time; and Modification potential—the degree to which mitigation measures can decrease the risk of transmission. List of Additional Activities For purposes of the Order, Additional Activities include the following based on the summarized health risk related rationale: (1) Outdoor Museums, Outdoor Historical Sites, and Public Gardens a. Basis for Addition. Visiting outdoor museums, outdoor historical sites, and public gardens involves low contact intensity and a low number of contacts as long as proper social distancing is maintained at all times. Also, interactions and activities that occur outdoors carry a lower risk of transmission than most indoor interactions and activities. And because outdoor recreation is already allowed under the Order, resumption of this activity should result in only a relatively modest increase in mobility and may decrease congestion in other outdoor locations like public parks and beaches. b. Description and Conditions. Outdoor museums, outdoor historical sites, and public gardens (for example, the Botanical Gardens and Japanese Tea Garden) may reopen to the public—and individuals may leave their residence and travel to visit these locations— no earlier than May 18, 2020, subject to the following conditions: 1. Face coverings must be worn by all staff and visitors, subject to the limited exceptions in Health Officer Order No. C19-12 (e.g., for young children), including as that order is amended in the future; 2. Social distancing of at least 6-feet must be maintained at all times other than between members of the same household; 1 Order No. C19-07e – Appendix C-2: Allowed Additional Activities [May 22, 2020] (no changes from May 17, 2020 version) 3. Common high-touch equipment and fixtures such as picnic benches or tables must be off-limits, with signage and with physical barriers as appropriate; 4. Public restrooms, if any, must a. be routinely disinfected frequently throughout the day, b. have open doors to prevent touching of door handles or knobs, c. have soap and paper towels, and d. have signs promoting handwashing; 5. The museum, outdoor historical site, or public garden must provide for contactless payment systems or, if not feasible, sanitize any payment systems, including touch screens, payment portals, pens, and styluses, after each customer use. Customers may pay with cash but to further limit person-to-person contact, and Personnel should encourage customers to use credit, debit, or gift cards for payment; 6. Signage must be posted at each public entrance to inform all personnel and customers that they must: avoid entering the facility or location if they have a cough or fever, maintain a minimum six-foot distance from one another while in the facility or location, wear a face covering or at all times, and not shake hands or engage in any unnecessary physical contact (sample signs are available online at https://sf.gov/outreach-toolkit-coronavirus-covid-19); 7. Any on-site retail stores (e.g., gift shops) may operate for curbside/outdoor pickup only, and must do so in compliance with Appendix C-1 of this Order and Health Officer Directive 2020-10 (available online at https://www.sfdph.org/dph/alerts/coronavirus-healthorders.asp); 8. Before resuming operations, outdoor museums, outdoor historical sites, and public gardens must prepare, post, implement, and distribute to their Personnel a Social Distancing Protocol as required by the Order and a written health and safety plan that addresses all best practices listed in Section (1)b of this Appendix. (Added May 17, 2020) 2