Private Bag X44, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa, ISIbalo House, Koch Street, Salvokop, Pretoria, 0002 www.statssa.gov.za, info@statssa.gov.za, Tel +27 12 310 8911 STATISTICAL RELEASE P0211 Quarterly Labour Force Survey Quarter 1: 2020 Embargoed until: 23 June 2020 11:30 ENQUIRIES: User Information Services (012) 310 8600/4892/8390 FORTHCOMING ISSUE: Quarter 2: 2020 EXPECTED RELEASE DATE: August 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA ii P0211 Contents Page 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Highlights of the results ............................................................................................................................................ 1 3. Employment .............................................................................................................................................................. 3 3.1 Conditions of employment for employees .............................................................................................................. 6 4. Unemployment and Not in employment, education or training (NEET) ................................................................... 6 5. Summary of labour market measures at a glance, Q1: 2020 ................................................................................. 10 6. Other labour market trends ..................................................................................................................................... 11 6.1 Year-on-year changes .......................................................................................................................................... 11 6.2 Trends in unemployment rate ............................................................................................................................... 12 7. Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) and the Quarterly Employment Survey (QES) ........................................ 13 8. Technical notes ....................................................................................................................................................... 15 8.1 Response details .................................................................................................................................................. 15 8.2 Survey requirements and design .......................................................................................................................... 15 8.3 Sample rotation ..................................................................................................................................................... 16 8.4 Weighting .............................................................................................................................................................. 16 8.5 Non-response adjustment ..................................................................................................................................... 16 8.6 Final survey weights ............................................................................................................................................. 16 8.7 Estimation ............................................................................................................................................................. 17 8.8 Reliability of the survey estimates ........................................................................................................................ 17 9. Definitions ............................................................................................................................................................... 17 Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA iii P0211 List of tables Table A: Key labour market indicators .......................................................................................................................... 1 Table B: Employment by industry ................................................................................................................................. 2 Table C: Employment by occupation ............................................................................................................................ 4 Table D: Employment by province ................................................................................................................................ 5 Table E: Unemployment rate by province .................................................................................................................... 7 Table F: Key differences between the QLFS and the QES ........................................................................................ 14 Table G: Response rates by province and metropolitan area .................................................................................... 15 Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA iv P0211 List of figures Figure 1: Quarter-to-quarter changes in employment, Q1: 2014 to Q1: 2020 .......................................................... 2 Figure 2a: Quarter-to-quarter employment changes in the formal sector, Q1: 2014 to Q1: 2020 ............................ 3 Figure 2b: Quarter-to-quarter employment changes in the informal sector, Q1: 2014 to Q1: 2020 .......................... 3 Figure 3: Quarter-to-quarter and year-on-year changes in the formal sector by industry ......................................... 3 Figure 4: Quarter-to-quarter and year-on-year changes in the informal sector by industry ...................................... 5 Figure 5: Quarter-to-quarter changes in nature of employment contract .................................................................. 7 Figure 6: Year-on-year changes in nature of employment contract .......................................................................... 7 Figure 7: Quarter-to-quarter changes in unemployment, Q1: 2014 to Q1: 2020 ...................................................... 7 Figure 8: Proportion of the unemployed by education level, Q1: 2020 ..................................................................... 7 Figure 9a: NEET rates for youth aged 15–24 years by sex ...................................................................................... 9 Figure 9b: NEET rates for youth aged 15–34 years by sex ...................................................................................... 9 Figure 10: Year-on-year changes in total employment, Q1: 2012 to Q1: 2020 ....................................................... 11 Figure 11: Year-on-year changes in formal-sector employment, Q1: 2012 to Q1: 2020 ........................................ 11 Figure 12: Year-on-year changes in informal-sector employment, Q1: 2012 to Q1: 2020...................................... 12 Figure 13: Unemployment rate by sex, Q1: 2012 to Q1: 2020 ................................................................................ 12 Figure 14: Unemployment rate by education status, Q1: 2012 to Q1: 2020 ........................................................... 13 Figure 15: Formal sector employment trends in QLFS and QES, Q4: 2014 to Q4: 2019 ....................................... 14 Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA v P0211 Appendix 1 Table 1: Population of working age (15–64 years) .................................................................................................. 19 Table 2: Labour force characteristics by sex – All population groups ..................................................................... 20 Table 2.1: Labour force characteristics by population group ................................................................................... 22 Table 2.2: Labour force characteristics by age group ............................................................................................. 24 Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province and metro ............................................................................... 26 Table 2.4: Labour force characteristics by sex – Expanded definition of unemployment ....................................... 38 Table 2.5: Labour force characteristics by population group – Expanded definition of unemployment .................. 40 Table 2.6: Labour force characteristics by age group – Expanded definition of unemployment ............................. 42 Table 2.7: Labour force characteristics by province and metro – Expanded definition of unemployment .............. 44 Table 3.1: Employed by industry and sex – South Africa ........................................................................................ 52 Table 3.2: Employed by industry and province ........................................................................................................ 53 Table 3.3: Employed by sector and industry – South Africa.................................................................................... 57 Table 3.4: Employed by province and sector .......................................................................................................... 58 Table 3.5: Employed by sex and occupation – South Africa ................................................................................... 63 Table 3.6: Employed by sex and status in employment – South Africa .................................................................. 64 Table 3.7: Employed by sex and usual hours of work – South Africa ..................................................................... 65 Table 3.8: Conditions of employment – South Africa .............................................................................................. 66 Table 3.9: Time-related underemployment – South Africa ...................................................................................... 72 Table 4: Characteristics of the unemployed – South Africa .................................................................................... 73 Table 5: Characteristics of the not economically active – South Africa ................................................................... 75 Table 6: Sociodemographic characteristics – South Africa ..................................................................................... 76 Table 7: Profile of those not in employment, education or training – South Africa.................................................. 79 Table 8: Involvement in non-market activities and labour market status by province ............................................. 80 Appendix 2 Table 2A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by sex ....................................................................... 84 Table 2.1A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by population group ............................................... 86 Table 2.3A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province ............................................................ 88 Table 3.1A: Sampling variability for the employed by industry and sex ................................................................... 100 Table 3.4A: Sampling variability for the employed by province and sector .............................................................. 101 Table 3.5A: Sampling variability for the employed by sex and occupation .............................................................. 105 Table 2B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by sex ..................................................................... 106 Table 2.1B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by population group ............................................. 108 Table 2.3B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province .......................................................... 110 Table 3.1B: Sampling variability for the employed by industry and sex ................................................................... 122 Table 3.4B: Sampling variability for the employed by province and sector .............................................................. 123 Table 3.5B: Sampling variability for the employed by sex and occupation .............................................................. 127 Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 1 1. Introduction The Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) is a household-based sample survey conducted by Statistics South Africa (Stats SA). It collects data on the labour market activities of individuals aged 15 years and older who live in South Africa. However, this report only covers labour market activities of persons aged 15–64 years. It should be noted that the Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) for Quarter 1 (January to March) of 2020 data collection was disrupted when Stats SA suspended face-to-face data collection for all its surveys on 19 March 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and restricted movement. This was to ensure that the field staff and respondents were not exposed to the risk of contracting coronavirus and to contain its spread. As a result, some dwellings (621 or 2,0% of the 30 608 sampled dwelling units) were not interviewed which otherwise would have been interviewed. To compensate for this, Stats SA made use of the fact that the design of the QLFS is such that sampled dwelling units are in the sample for four successive quarters. So, for persons in dwelling units that were not visited as a result of the lockdown, imputations were done where possible using data from the previous quarter. For respondents who were not visited in the first quarter of 2020 but had information from the fourth quarter of 2019, their responses were carried over to the first quarter of 2020. If the person was shown as unemployed or not economically active in the last quarter of 2019, that was the status assigned to them for the first quarter of 2020. If the person was shown as employed in the fourth quarter of 2019, the imputation was somewhat more complex. This was necessitated by the fact that that there are usually temporary jobs created in the fourth quarter of each year that do not continue into the following year. Accordingly, if the person started the job that he/she held in Q4: 2019 in some previous quarter, it was assumed that the job continued into Q1: 2020. On the other hand, if the job held in Q4: 2019 had only started in that quarter, that person was treated as non-respondent in Q1: 2020. This report presents the key findings of the QLFS conducted from January to March 2020 (Q1: 2020). 2. Highlights of the results Table A: Key labour market indicators Jan-Mar 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Year-onyear change Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-onyear change Per cent Population 15–64 yrs 38 283 38 727 38 874 147 591 0,4 1,5 Labour force Employed 22 492 16 291 23 146 16 420 23 452 16 383 306 -38 960 91 1,3 -0,2 4,3 0,6 11 220 2 933 837 1 301 11 331 2 918 885 1 286 11 282 2 921 865 1 316 -50 3 -21 30 61 -13 27 15 -0,4 0,1 -2,3 2,3 0,5 -0,4 3,3 1,2 6 201 6 726 7 070 344 869 5,1 14,0 15 791 15 581 15 422 -159 -369 -1,0 -2,3 2 997 12 793 2 855 12 726 2 918 12 504 63 -222 -79 -290 2,2 -1,7 -2,6 -2,3 27,6 42,6 58,8 29,1 42,4 59,8 30,1 42,1 60,3 1,0 -0,3 0,5 2,5 -0,5 1,5 Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA 2 P0211 The working-age population increased by 147 000 or 0,4% in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the fourth quarter of 2019. Compared to Q1: 2019, the working-age population increased by 591 000 or 1,5%. The number of employed persons decreased by 38 000 to 16,4 million in Q1: 2020, while the number of unemployed persons increased by 344 000 to 7,1 million compared to Q4: 2019, resulting in an increase of 306 000 (up by 1,3%) in the number of people in the labour force. The unemployment rate increased by 1,0 percentage point to 30,1%, the labour force participation rate increased by 0,5 of a percentage point to 60,3%, while the absorption rate decreased by 0,3 of a percentage point to 42,1% in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the fourth quarter of 2019. The largest employment decreases were observed in the formal sector (50 000), followed by the Agricultural sector with 21 000 in Q1: 2020. On the other hand, employment in the informal sector and Private households increased by 3 000 and 30 000 respectively in Q1: 2020 compared to Q4: 2019. The number of discouraged work-seekers increased by 63 000, with the number of people who were not economically active for reasons other than discouragement decreasing by 222 000 between the two quarters, resulting in a net decline of 159 000 in the not economically active population. Compared to a year ago, total employment increased by 91 000, the number of unemployed persons increased by 14,0% (869 000) and the number of persons who were not economically active decreased by 2,3% (369 000). 3. Employment Figure 1: Quarter-to-quarter changes in employment, Q1: 2014 to Q1: 2020 Figure 1 shows that decreases in employment have been observed in the first quarter of 2020. This is the second consecutive decline in employment in the first quarter of each year after observing increases in the first quarters of 2017 and 2018. The largest decrease in first quarter employment was observed in Q1: 2016 at 344 000. Between the fourth quarter of 2019 and the first quarter of 2020, employment decreased by 38 000, following three consecutive increases from the second quarter to the fourth quarter of 2019. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 3 Table B: Employment by industry Jan-Mar 2019 Industry Total* 16 291 16 420 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand 16 383 837 417 1 780 150 1 339 3 345 1 025 2 516 3 574 1 301 885 430 1 720 120 1 350 3 249 1 011 2 568 3 792 1 286 865 436 1 706 116 1 343 3 320 995 2 517 3 759 1 316 Agriculture Mining Manufacturing Utilities Construction Trade Transport Finance Community and social services Private households Oct-Dec 2019 Qtr-toqtr change Year-onyear change -38 91 -21 6 -15 -4 -7 71 -17 -50 -33 30 27 18 -74 -34 5 -25 -30 1 185 15 Qtr-toYear-onqtr year change change Per cent -0,2 0,6 -2,3 1,5 -0,8 -3,5 -0,5 2,2 -1,7 -2,0 -0,9 2,3 3,3 4,4 -4,2 -22,9 0,3 -0,7 -2,9 0,0 5,2 1,2 *Note: Total includes ‘Other’ industries. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: Utilities refers to Electricity, gas and water supply. Trade refers to Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal and household goods; hotels and restaurants. Finance refers to Financial intermediation, insurance, real estate and business services. Table B shows that between Q4: 2019 and Q1: 2020, the number of employed persons decreased in seven of the ten industries, with the largest decline recorded in Finance (50 000), followed by Community and social services (33 000) and Agriculture (21 000). Increases in employment were recorded in the Trade (71 000), Private households (30 000) and Mining (6 000) industries. Compared to the same period last year, a net increase of 91 000 in total employment in Q1: 2020 was largely due to gains in the number of people employed in the Community and social services (185 000), Agriculture (27 000), Mining (18 000), and Private households (15 000) industries. Employment losses were recorded in the Manufacturing (74 000), Utilities (34 000), Transport (30 000) and Trade (25 000) industries during the same period. Figure 2a: Quarter-to-quarter employment changes in the formal sector, Q1: 2014 to Q1: 2020 Figure 2b: Quarter-to-quarter employment changes in the informal sector, Q1: 2014 to Q1: 2020 Following an increase in the formal sector employment in Q4: 2019 (117 000), employment decreased by 50 000 in Q1: 2020 in this sector. Employment in the informal sector increased by 3 000 in Q1: 2020 compared to Q4: 2019. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA 4 P0211 Figure 3: Quarter-to-quarter and year-on-year changes in the formal sector by industry Note: Utilities refers to Electricity, gas and water supply. Trade refers to Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal and household goods; hotels and restaurants. Finance refers to Financial intermediation, insurance, real estate and business services. Services refers to Community, personal and social services. A decrease of 50 000 in the formal sector employment was mainly driven by Community and social services (37 000), Finance and other business services (27 000), Manufacturing (16 000) and Construction (13 000) in Q1: 2020 compared to Q4: 2019. Trade and Mining are the only industries which recorded employment gains in the formal sector, gaining 42 000 and 2 000 respectively in the same period. Compared to a year ago, a net gain of 61 000 jobs in the formal sector employment was mainly driven by Community and social services (187 000) and Mining (14 000) in Q1: 2020. The largest formal sector employment decrease was observed in Manufacturing (73 000), Utilities (31 000) and Transport (25 000) during the same period. Figure 4: Quarter-to-quarter and year-on-year changes in the informal sector by industry In the first quarter of 2020, informal sector employment increased by 3 000 persons compared to the fourth quarter of 2019. The gain in informal sector employment was driven by the Trade (29 000), Construction (6 000), Mining Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 5 (4 000), Community and social services (3 000) and Manufacturing (2 000) industries. Employment losses were recorded in Finance and other business services (23 000), Transport (16 000) and Utilities (3 000). Compared to Q1: 2019, employment in the informal sector decreased in the Trade (16 000), Transport (5 000), Utilities (3 000) and Community and social services (2 000) industries. During the same period, employment gains were recorded in Construction (9 000), Mining (4 000) and Finance and other business services (2 000). Table C: Employment by occupation Jan-Mar 2019 Occupation Total Manager Professional Technician Clerk Sales and services Skilled agriculture Craft and related trade Plant and machine operator Elementary Domestic worker Oct-Dec 2019 16 291 16 420 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand 16 383 1 463 884 1 448 1 679 2 667 47 1 972 1 380 3 737 1 013 1 440 970 1 401 1 733 2 738 79 1 907 1 374 3 762 1 013 1 444 948 1 357 1 674 2 753 69 1 940 1 385 3 806 1 004 Year-onyear change Qtr-to-qtr change -38 91 4 -22 -44 -59 15 -10 33 11 44 -9 -19 65 -91 -5 85 22 -31 5 70 -9 Qtr-toYear-onqtr year change change Per cent -0,2 0,6 0,3 -2,2 -3,2 -3,4 0,5 -12,4 1,7 0,8 1,2 -0,9 -1,3 7,3 -6,3 -0,3 3,2 46,9 -1,6 0,4 1,9 -0,9 *Note: Total includes ‘Other’ occupations. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. The largest decreases in employment were observed in the Clerical (down by 59 000) occupations, followed by Technician (down by 44 000) and Professional (down by 22 000) occupations in Q1: 2020 compared to the previous quarter. Elementary occupations (44 000) recorded the largest employment gains, followed by Craft and related trade (33 000) and Sales and services (15 000) occupations. Year-on-year gains in employment were mainly driven by Sales and services occupations (85 000), followed by Elementary (70 000), Professional (65 000), Skilled agriculture (22 000) and Plant and machine operator (5 000) occupations. Technician (91 000), Craft and related trade (31 000), Manager (19 000), Domestic worker (9 000) and Clerk (5 000) occupations recorded declines in employment in Q1: 2020 compared to Q1: 2019. Table D: Employment by province Jan-Mar 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Province Jan-Mar 2020 Year-onyear change Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Year-onyear change Per cent South Africa 16 291 16 420 16 383 -38 91 -0,2 0,6 Western Cape 2 520 2 518 2 501 -17 -19 -0,7 -0,8 Eastern Cape 1 308 1 384 1 382 -3 74 -0,2 5,7 Northern Cape 321 335 336 1 15 0,2 4,5 Free State 803 785 756 -29 -47 -3,6 -5,8 2 598 2 664 2 672 8 74 0,3 2,8 970 992 969 -23 -1 -2,3 -0,1 Gauteng 5 162 5 098 5 134 36 -27 0,7 -0,5 Mpumalanga 1 209 1 244 1 246 1 36 0,1 3,0 Limpopo 1 401 1 400 1 387 -13 -15 -0,9 -1,0 KwaZulu-Natal North West Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 6 Table D shows that the number of employed persons decreased in five of the nine provinces between Q4: 2019 and Q1: 2020. The largest employment decreases were recorded in Free State (down by 29 000), North West (down by 23 000), Western Cape (down by 17 000) and Limpopo (down by 13 000), while Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal recorded employment gains of 36 000 and 8 000, respectively. Compared to Q1: 2019, the largest increases in employment were recorded in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (up by 74 000 each), Mpumalanga (up by 36 000) and Northern Cape (up by 15 000). The largest decreases in the number of employed persons were recorded in Free State (down by 47 000), Gauteng (down by 27 000), Western Cape (down by 19 000) and Limpopo (down by 15 000). 3.1 Conditions of employment for employees Figure 5: Quarter-to-quarter changes in nature of employment contract Figure 6: Year-on-year changes in nature of employment contract Figures 5 and 6 show that the majority of employees had permanent employment contracts. Between the fourth quarter of 2019 and the first quarter of 2020, the number of employees increased among employees with contracts of limited duration (49 000). A decline in the number of employees was observed among those with contracts that are permanent in nature (94 000) and those with contracts of unspecified duration (34 000). The year-on-year comparisons indicate that the number of employees with employment contracts of permanent nature decreased 79 000, while the number of employees with contracts of a limited duration and contracts of unspecified duration increased by 83 000 and 50 000, respectively. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA 7 P0211 4. Unemployment and Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET) Figure 7: Quarter-to-quarter changes in unemployment, Q1: 2014 to Q1: 2020 The number of unemployed persons increased by 344 000 in Q1: 2020 following a decrease of 8 000 in the previous quarter. Notable from Figure 7 is that in the first quarter of each year, an increase in the number of unemployed persons has been observed. Figure 8: Proportion of the unemployed by education level, Q1: 2020 Figure 8 shows that of the 7,1 million unemployed persons in the first quarter of 2020, 54,8% had education levels below matric, followed by those with matric at 35,4%. Only 2,3% of the unemployed persons were graduates while 6,8% had other tertiary qualifications as their highest level of education. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 8 Table E: Unemployment rate by province Official unemployment rate Jan-Mar 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Per cent Qtr-toqtr change Expanded unemployment rate Yearon-year change Jan-Mar 2019 Percentage points Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Per cent Qtr-toqtr change Yearon-year change Percentage points South Africa 27,6 29,1 30,1 1,0 2,5 38,0 38,7 39,7 1,0 1,7 Western Cape 19,5 20,9 20,9 0,0 1,4 22,7 24,1 24,8 0,7 2,1 Eastern Cape 37,4 39,5 40,5 1,0 3,1 48,3 47,7 48,9 1,2 0,6 Northern Cape 26,0 26,9 27,0 0,1 1,0 41,5 39,2 40,0 0,8 -1,5 Free State 34,9 35,0 38,4 3,4 3,5 40,1 42,3 44,5 2,2 4,4 KwaZulu-Natal 25,1 25,0 26,9 1,9 1,8 42,4 41,9 43,0 1,1 0,6 North West 26,4 28,8 33,2 4,4 6,8 44,4 43,0 45,1 2,1 0,7 Gauteng 28,9 30,8 31,4 0,6 2,5 33,6 35,3 36,3 1,0 2,7 Mpumalanga 34,2 33,6 33,3 -0,3 -0,9 43,0 43,8 43,9 0,1 0,9 Limpopo 18,5 23,1 23,6 0,5 5,1 43,1 44,0 44,4 0,4 1,3 The official unemployment rate increased by 1,0 percentage point to 30,1% in Q1: 2020 compared to Q4: 2019. The official unemployment rate increased in seven of the nine provinces, with the largest increase recorded in North West (up by 4,4 percentage points), followed by Free State (up by 3,4 percentage points) and KwaZulu-Natal (up by 1,9 percentage points). Mpumalanga recorded a decreases of 0,3 of a percentage point, while Western Cape remained unchanged at 20,9%. Year-on-year, the official unemployment rate increased by 2,5 percentage points. The official unemployment rate increased in all provinces except in Mpumalanga, where it decreased by 0,9 of a percentage point. The largest increase was observed in North West (up by 6,8 percentage points), followed by Limpopo (up by 5,1 percentage points) and Free State (up by 3,5 percentage points). The expanded unemployment rate increased by 1,0 percentage point in Q1: 2020 compared to Q4: 2019. All provinces recorded increases in the expanded unemployment rate. The largest increase was recorded in Free State (up by 2,2 percentage points), followed by North West (up by 2,1 percentage points), Eastern Cape (up by 1,2 percentage points) and KwaZulu-Natal (up by 1,1 percentage point). Compared to the same period last year, the expanded unemployment rate increased by 1,7 percentage points in Q1: 2020. All provinces recorded increases in the expanded unemployment rate except Northern Cape, where it decreased by 1,5 percentage points. The largest increase was recorded in Free State (up by 4,4 percentage points), followed by Gauteng (up by 2,7 percentage points) and Western Cape (up by 2,1 percentage points). Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 9 P0211 Figure 9a: NEET rates for youth aged 15–24 years by sex Figure 9b: NEET rates for youth aged 15–34 years by sex STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA The percentage of young persons aged 15–24 years who were not in employment, education or training (NEET) increased from 33,2% in Q1: 2019 to 34,1% in Q1: 2020. In this age group, the NEET rate for both males and females increased by 0,8 of a percentage point. The NEET rate for females was higher than that of their male counterparts in both years (Figure 9a). Compared to Q1: 2019, the percentage of young persons aged 15–34 years who were not in employment, education or training (NEET) increased by 1,1 percentage points from 40,7% to 41,7% in Q1: 2020. The NEET rate for males increased by 1,0 percentage point while for females, the rate increased by 1,1 percentage points in Q1: 2020. In both Q1: 2019 and Q1: 2020, more than four in every ten young females were not in employment, education or training (Figure 9b). Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 10 5. Summary of labour market measures at a glance, Q1: 2020 Limpopo UR = 23,6 EUR = 44,4 AR = 36,3 LFPR= 47,6 Gauteng UR = 31,4 EUR = 36,3 AR = 48,9 LFPR= 71,3 North West UR = 33,2 EUR = 45,1 AR = 36,9 LFPR= 55,2 Northern Cape UR = 27,0 EUR = 40,0 AR = 41,6 LFPR= 56,9 RSA UR = 30,1 EUR = 39,7 AR = 42,1 LFPR = 60,3 Western Cape UR = 20,9 EUR = 24,8 AR =53,1 LFPR= 67,2 Risenga Maluleke Statistician-General Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Free State UR = 38,4 EUR = 44,5 AR = 39,6 LFPR= 64,3 Mpumalanga UR = 33,3 EUR = 43,9 AR = 41,8 LFPR= 62,7 KwaZulu-Natal UR = 26,9 EUR = 43,0 AR = 37,2 LFPR= 50,9 Eastern Cape UR = 40,5 EUR = 48,9 AR = 31,9 LFPR= 53,7 UR = Unemployment rate EUR = Expanded unemployment rate AR = Absorption rate LFPR = Labour force participation rate STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA 11 6. Other labour market trends 6.1 Year-on-year changes Figure 10: Year-on-year changes in total employment, Q1: 2012 to Q1: 2020 Figure 11: Year-on-year changes in formal-sector employment, Q1: 2012 to Q1: 2020 Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 P0211 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA 12 Figure 12: Year-on-year changes in informal-sector employment, Q1: 2012 to Q1: 2020 6.2 Trends in unemployment rate Figure 13: Unemployment rate by sex, Q1: 2012 to Q1: 2020 Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 P0211 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA 13 P0211 Figure 14: Unemployment rate by education status, Q1: 2012 to Q1: 2020 7. Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) and the Quarterly Employment Survey (QES) There are two official sources of employment statistics: the QES (which is establishment based) and the QLFS (which is household based). Each survey has its strengths and limitations. For example, the QES cannot provide information on the following:   Description of the employed, e.g. their demographic profile, education level, hours of work, etc.; and Unemployment and descriptors of the unemployed. The QLFS is a survey of households that collects information from approximately 30 000 dwelling units and collects data on the labour market activities of individuals, whereas the QES is an enterprise-based survey that collects information from non-agricultural businesses and organisations from approximately 20 000 units. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household- and enterprise-based surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:      The household-based survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the enterprise-based survey. The household-based survey is limited to workers 15 years of age and older, whereas the enterprise-based survey is not limited by age. The household-based survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the enterprise-based survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately for each appearance. QLFS includes income tax, VAT and number of employees in determining the formal sector, while QES uses only VAT with annual turnover greater than R300 000. QLFS allows for proxy responses (a household member responding on behalf of the other). This can introduce misclassification of items, e.g. formal/informal classification. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 14 Table F: Key differences between the QLFS and the QES QLFS Coverage Sample size Reference period Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Formal sector definition (excluding Agriculture and Private households) QES Private households and workers' hostels Non-institutional population (15 years and older) Total employment (including Informal sector, Private households, Agriculture and small businesses) Quarterly sample of approximately 30 000 dwellings in which households reside One week prior to the interview Payroll of VAT-registered businesses Employees only Formal sector, excluding Agriculture All industries Excluding Agriculture and Private households Employers and own-account workers registered for VAT or income tax Employees paying income tax and those not paying tax but working in firms with five or more workers Employees businesses Quarterly sample of 20 000 non-agricultural formalsector businesses Payroll on the last day of the quarter on a Figure 15: Formal sector employment trends in QLFS and QES, Q4: 2014 to Q4: 2019 Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 payroll of VAT-registered STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA 15 P0211 8. Technical notes 8.1 Response details Table G: Response rates by province and metropolitan area Province/metropolitan area Jan-Mar 2020 National 87,7 Western Cape 87,1 Non-metro 89,3 City of Cape Town 86,2 Eastern Cape 91,9 Non-metro 93,9 Buffalo City 89,2 Nelson Mandela Bay 86,3 Northern Cape 87,5 Free State 95,6 Non-metro 95,2 Mangaung 96,7 KwaZulu-Natal 91,6 Non-metro 91,3 eThekwini 92,2 North West 89,3 Gauteng 77,0 Non-metro 80,1 Ekurhuleni 83,7 City of Johannesburg 73,3 City of Tshwane 73,5 Mpumalanga 93,5 Limpopo 97,3 8.2 Survey requirements and design The Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) uses the Master Sample frame that has been developed as a generalpurpose household survey frame that can be used by all other Stats SA household-based surveys having design requirements that are reasonably compatible with the QLFS. The 2013 Master Sample is based on information collected during the 2011 Census conducted by Stats SA. In preparation for Census 2011, the country was divided into 103 576 enumeration areas (EAs). The census EAs, together with the auxiliary information for the EAs, were used as the frame units or building blocks for the formation of primary sampling units (PSUs) for the Master Sample, since they covered the entire country and had other information that is crucial for stratification and creation of PSUs. There are 3 324 primary sampling units (PSUs) in the Master Sample, with an expected sample of approximately 33 000 dwelling units (DUs). The number of PSUs in the current Master Sample (3 324) reflects an 8,0% increase in the size of the Master Sample compared to the previous 2008 Master Sample (which had 3 080 PSUs). The larger Master Sample of PSUs was selected to improve the precision (smaller coefficients of variation, known as CVs) of the QLFS estimates. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA 16 P0211 The Master Sample is designed to be representative at the provincial level and within provinces at metro/non-metro levels. Within the metros, the sample is further distributed by geographical type. The three geography types are Urban, Tribal and Farms. This implies, for example, that within a metropolitan area the sample is representative of the different geography types that may exist within that metro. It is divided equally into four subgroups or panels called rotation groups. The rotation groups are designed in such a way that each of these groups has the same distribution pattern as that which is observed in the whole sample. They are numbered from one (1) to four (4), and these numbers also correspond to the quarters of the year in which the sample will be rotated for the particular group. The sample for the QLFS is based on a stratified two-stage design with probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling of PSUs in the first stage, and sampling of dwelling units (DUs) with systematic sampling in the second stage. 8.3 Sample rotation For each quarter of the QLFS, a quarter of the sampled dwellings are rotated out of the sample. These dwellings are replaced by new dwellings from the same PSU or the next PSU on the list. Thus, sampled dwellings are expected to remain in the sample for four consecutive quarters. It should be noted that the sampling unit is the dwelling, and the unit of observation is the household. Therefore, if a household moves out of a dwelling after being in the sample for two quarters (as an example) and a new household moves in, the new household will be enumerated for the next two quarters. If no household moves into the sampled dwelling, the dwelling will be classified as vacant (or unoccupied). 8.4 Weighting The sample weights were constructed in order to account for the following: the original selection probabilities (design weights), adjustments for PSUs that were subsampled or segmented, excluded population from the sampling frame, non-response, weight trimming, and benchmarking to known population estimates from the Demographic Analysis division within Stats SA. 8.5 Non-response adjustment In general, imputation is used for item non-response (i.e. blanks within the questionnaire) and edit failures (i.e. invalid or inconsistent responses). The eligible households in the sampled dwellings can be divided into two response categories: respondents and non-respondents. Weight adjustment is applied to account for the non-respondent households (e.g. refusal, no contact, etc.). The adjustment for total non-response was computed at two levels of nonresponse: PSU non-response and household non-response. 8.6 Final survey weights In the final step of constructing the sample weights, all individuals within a household are assigned the same adjusted base weight. The adjusted base weights are calibrated such that the aggregate totals will match with independently derived population estimates (from the Stats SA Demographic Analysis division) for various age, race and gender groups at national level and individual metropolitan and non-metropolitan area levels within the provinces. The calibrated weights are constructed using the constraint that each person within the same household should have the same calibrated weight, with a lower bound on the calibrated weights set at 50. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA 17 P0211 8.7 Estimation The final survey weights are used to obtain the estimates for various domains of interest, e.g. number of persons employed in Agriculture in Western Cape, the number of females employed in Manufacturing, etc. 8.8 Reliability of the survey estimates Since estimates are based on sample data, they differ from figures that would have been obtained from complete enumeration of the population using the same instrument. Results are subject to both sampling and non-sampling errors. Non-sampling errors include biases from inaccurate reporting, processing, and tabulation, etc., as well as errors from non-responses and incomplete reporting. These types of errors cannot be measured readily. However, to some extent, non-sampling errors can be minimised through the procedures used for data collection, editing, quality control, and non-response adjustment. The variances of the survey estimates are used to measure sampling errors. (i) Variance estimation The most commonly used methods for estimating variances of survey estimates from complex surveys such as the QLFS are the Taylor-series Linearization, Jack-knife Replication, Balanced Repeated Replication (BRR), and Bootstrap methods (Wolter, 2007).1 The Fay's BRR method has been used for variance estimation in the QLFS because of its simplicity. (ii) Coefficient of variation It is more useful in many situations to assess the size of the standard error relative to the magnitude of the characteristic being measured (the standard error is defined as the square root of the variance). The coefficient of variation  cv  provides such a measure. It is the ratio of the standard error of the survey estimate to the value of the estimate itself expressed as a percentage. It is very useful in comparing the precision of several different survey estimates, where their sizes or scales differ from one another. (iii) P-value of an estimate of change The p-value corresponding to an estimate of change is the probability of observing a value larger than the particular observed value under the hypothesis that there is no real change. If p-value <0,01, the difference is highly significant; if p-value is between 0,01 and 0,05, the difference is significant; and if p-value >0,05, the difference is not significant. 9. Definitions Discouraged work-seeker is a person who was not employed during the reference period, wanted to work, was available to work/start a business but did not take active steps to find work during the last four weeks, provided that the main reason given for not seeking work was any of the following: no jobs available in the area; unable to find work requiring his/her skills; lost hope of finding any kind of work. Economic activities are those activities that contribute to the production of goods and services in the country. There are two types of economic activities, namely: (1) Market production activities (work done for others and usually associated with pay or profit); and (2) Non-market production activities (work done for the benefit of the household, e.g. subsistence farming). Employed persons are those aged 15–64 years who, during the reference week, did any work for at least one hour, or had a job or business but were not at work (i.e. were temporarily absent). 1 Wolter, K.M. 2007. Introduction to Variance Estimation, 2nd Edition. New York: Springer-Verlag. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA 18 P0211 Employment-to-population ratio (labour absorption rate) is the proportion of the working-age population that is employed. Informal employment identifies persons who are in precarious employment situations, irrespective of whether or not the entity for which they work is in the formal or informal sector. Persons in informal employment, therefore, comprise all persons in the informal sector, employees in the formal sector, and persons working in private households who are not entitled to basic benefits such as pension or medical aid contributions from their employer, and who do not have a written contract of employment. Informal sector: The informal sector has the following two components: i) Employees working in establishments that employ fewer than five employees, who do not deduct income tax from their salaries/wages; and ii) Employers, own-account workers and persons helping unpaid in their household business who are not registered for either income tax or value-added tax. The labour force comprises all persons who are employed plus all persons who are unemployed. Labour force participation rate is the proportion of the working-age population that is either employed or unemployed. Long-term unemployment: Persons in long-term unemployment are those individuals among the unemployed who were without work and trying to find a job or start a business for one year or more. Not economically active: Persons aged 15–64 years who are neither employed nor unemployed in the reference week. Persons in underemployment (time-related) are employed persons who were willing and available to work additional hours, whose total number of hours actually worked during the reference period were below 35 hours per week. Underutilised labour comprises three groups that are defined as follows: persons who are underemployed, persons who are unemployed, and persons who are discouraged. Unemployed persons according to the Official definition are those (aged 15–64 years) who: a) Were not employed in the reference week; and b) Actively looked for work or tried to start a business in the four weeks preceding the survey interview; and c) Were available for work, i.e. would have been able to start work or a business in the reference week; or d) Had not actively looked for work in the past four weeks, but had a job or business to start at a definite date in the future and were available. Unemployed persons according to the Expanded definition are those (aged 15–64 years) who: a) Fall under official unemployment (searched and available); and b) Were available to work but are/or:  Discouraged work-seekers  Have other reasons for not searching Unemployment rate is the proportion of the labour force that is unemployed. The working-age population comprises all persons aged 15–64 years. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 19 Appendix 1 Table 1: Population of working age (15–64 years) Qtr-to-qtr change Year-onyear change Qtr-to-qtr change Year-onyear change Thousand Thousand Thousand Per cent Per cent 38 727 19 554 19 174 38 874 19 625 19 249 147 71 76 591 286 305 0,4 0,4 0,4 1,5 1,5 1,6 38 582 31 140 3 485 1 013 2 944 38 727 31 284 3 493 1 016 2 935 38 874 31 429 3 500 1 018 2 926 147 146 8 2 -9 591 586 32 9 -35 0,4 0,5 0,2 0,2 -0,3 1,5 1,9 0,9 0,9 -1,2 38 582 4 664 4 301 804 1 908 7 135 2 609 10 410 2 958 3 793 38 727 4 686 4 313 806 1 910 7 161 2 620 10 459 2 969 3 804 38 874 4 708 4 325 808 1 911 7 188 2 630 10 508 2 980 3 816 147 22 12 2 2 26 10 49 11 12 591 89 48 8 8 106 42 198 44 48 0,4 0,5 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,4 0,3 1,5 1,9 1,1 1,0 0,4 1,5 1,6 1,9 1,5 1,3 Jan-Mar 2019 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Both sexes Women Men 38 283 19 339 18 944 38 433 19 411 19 022 38 582 19 483 19 099 Population groups Black/African Coloured Indian/Asian White 38 283 30 844 3 468 1 009 2 961 38 433 30 992 3 477 1 011 2 953 South Africa Western Cape Eastern Cape Northern Cape Free State KwaZulu-Natal North West Gauteng Mpumalanga Limpopo 38 283 4 619 4 277 800 1 904 7 082 2 588 10 310 2 935 3 768 38 433 4 642 4 289 802 1 906 7 109 2 599 10 360 2 947 3 780 Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 20 Table 2: Labour force characteristics by sex – All population groups Both sexes Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Women Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Year-onyear change Qtr-to-qtr change Year-onyear change Thousand Thousand Thousand Per cent Per cent 38 727 23 146 16 420 11 331 2 918 885 1 286 6 726 15 581 2 855 12 726 38 874 23 452 16 383 11 282 2 921 865 1 316 7 070 15 422 2 918 12 504 147 306 -38 -50 3 -21 30 344 -159 63 -222 591 960 91 61 -13 27 15 869 -369 -79 -290 29,1 42,4 59,9 29,1 42,4 59,8 30,1 42,1 60,3 1,0 -0,3 0,5 2,5 -0,5 1,5 19 411 10 383 7 133 4 747 1 163 248 974 3 250 9 029 1 514 7 515 19 483 10 485 7 242 4 838 1 147 262 994 3 243 8 999 1 460 7 539 19 554 10 514 7 220 4 883 1 064 302 971 3 295 9 039 1 505 7 534 19 625 10 697 7 234 4 831 1 132 287 984 3 463 8 928 1 567 7 361 71 183 14 -52 67 -15 14 168 -112 62 -174 286 524 42 68 -15 9 -20 481 -238 -60 -178 31,3 36,7 53,5 30,9 37,2 53,8 31,3 36,9 53,8 32,4 36,9 54,5 1,1 0,0 0,7 3,1 -0,3 1,9 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand 38 283 22 492 16 291 11 220 2 933 837 1 301 6 201 15 791 2 997 12 793 38 433 22 968 16 313 11 172 3 048 842 1 251 6 655 15 465 2 749 12 716 38 582 23 109 16 375 11 214 2 995 880 1 286 6 734 15 474 2 793 12 681 27,6 42,6 58,8 29,0 42,4 59,8 19 339 10 174 7 192 4 763 1 147 278 1 004 2 982 9 165 1 627 7 539 29,3 37,2 52,6 Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Jan-Mar 2019 0,4 1,3 -0,2 -0,4 0,1 -2,3 2,3 5,1 -1,0 2,2 -1,7 1,5 4,3 0,6 0,5 -0,4 3,3 1,2 14,0 -2,3 -2,6 -2,3 0,4 1,7 0,2 -1,1 6,3 -4,8 1,4 5,1 -1,2 4,1 -2,3 1,5 5,1 0,6 1,4 -1,3 3,3 -2,0 16,1 -2,6 -3,7 -2,4 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 21 Table 2: Labour force characteristics by sex – All population groups (concluded) Men Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent 19 174 12 632 9 201 6 448 1 854 583 315 3 431 6 542 1 350 5 191 19 249 12 755 9 149 6 451 1 789 577 332 3 607 6 494 1 351 5 143 76 123 -52 3 -65 -6 16 175 -48 1 -48 305 436 49 -7 3 18 35 387 -131 -20 -112 0,4 1,0 -0,6 0,0 -3,5 -1,0 5,2 5,1 -0,7 0,1 -0,9 27,2 48,0 65,9 28,3 47,5 66,3 1,1 -0,5 0,4 2,2 -0,5 1,3 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand 18 944 12 319 9 100 6 458 1 786 559 296 3 219 6 625 1 371 5 255 19 022 12 585 9 180 6 424 1 884 594 277 3 406 6 436 1 235 5 201 19 099 12 624 9 133 6 376 1 848 618 292 3 491 6 475 1 333 5 142 26,1 48,0 65,0 27,1 48,3 66,2 27,7 47,8 66,1 Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Jan-Mar 2019 Year-onyear change Per cent 1,6 3,5 0,5 -0,1 0,2 3,3 11,9 12,0 -2,0 -1,4 -2,1 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 22 Table 2.1: Labour force characteristics by population group South Africa Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Black/African Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Year-onyear change Qtr-to-qtr change Year-onyear change Thousand Thousand Thousand Per cent Per cent 38 727 23 146 16 420 6 726 15 581 38 874 23 452 16 383 7 070 15 422 147 306 -38 344 -159 591 960 91 869 -369 29,1 42,4 59,9 29,1 42,4 59,8 30,1 42,1 60,3 1,0 -0,3 0,5 2,5 -0,5 1,5 30 992 18 201 12 250 5 951 12 791 31 140 18 236 12 262 5 974 12 903 31 284 18 298 12 365 5 934 12 986 31 429 18 616 12 317 6 299 12 813 146 318 -47 365 -172 586 902 116 786 -317 31,1 39,6 57,4 32,7 39,5 58,7 32,8 39,4 58,6 32,4 39,5 58,5 33,8 39,2 59,2 1,4 -0,3 0,7 2,7 -0,4 1,8 3 468 2 201 1 711 489 1 268 3 477 2 175 1 687 489 1 302 3 485 2 248 1 719 529 1 237 3 493 2 235 1 680 556 1 257 3 500 2 193 1 667 526 1 307 8 -42 -13 -29 50 32 -7 -44 37 39 22,2 49,3 63,4 22,5 48,5 62,6 23,5 49,3 64,5 24,9 48,1 64,0 24,0 47,6 62,7 -0,9 -0,5 -1,3 1,8 -1,7 -0,7 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand 38 283 22 492 16 291 6 201 15 791 38 433 22 968 16 313 6 655 15 465 38 582 23 109 16 375 6 734 15 474 27,6 42,6 58,8 29,0 42,4 59,8 30 844 17 714 12 201 5 513 13 130 Coloured Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Jan-Mar 2019 0,4 1,3 -0,2 5,1 -1,0 1,5 4,3 0,6 14,0 -2,3 0,5 1,7 -0,4 6,2 -1,3 1,9 5,1 1,0 14,3 -2,4 0,2 -1,9 -0,7 -5,3 3,9 0,9 -0,3 -2,6 7,6 3,1 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 23 Table 2.1: Labour force characteristics by population group (concluded) Year-onyear change Qtr-to-qtr change Year-onyear change Thousand Thousand Thousand Per cent Per cent 1 016 608 523 85 407 1 018 615 535 80 402 2 7 12 -4 -5 9 24 11 13 -15 13,3 52,8 60,9 13,9 51,5 59,9 13,0 52,6 60,5 -0,9 1,1 0,6 1,6 0,7 1,9 2 953 1 994 1 845 148 959 2 944 2 007 1 859 148 937 2 935 2 005 1 853 152 931 2 926 2 027 1 863 164 899 -9 23 11 12 -31 -35 41 8 33 -76 7,4 62,5 67,5 7,4 63,1 68,2 7,6 63,1 68,3 8,1 63,7 69,3 0,5 0,6 1,0 1,5 1,1 2,2 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand 1 009 591 524 67 418 1 011 597 530 67 414 1 013 617 535 82 396 11,4 51,9 58,6 11,2 52,4 59,1 2 961 1 986 1 855 131 976 6,6 62,6 67,1 Indian/Asian Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate White Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Jan-Mar 2019 0,2 1,2 2,2 -5,3 -1,2 0,9 4,0 2,1 18,9 -3,6 -0,3 1,1 0,6 7,9 -3,4 -1,2 2,1 0,4 25,4 -7,8 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 24 Table 2.2: Labour force characteristics by age group 15–64 years Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate 15–24 years Population 15–24 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate 25–34 years Population 25–34 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-onyear change Thousand 38 727 23 146 16 420 6 726 15 581 38 874 23 452 16 383 7 070 15 422 147 306 -38 344 -159 591 960 91 869 -369 29,1 42,4 59,9 29,1 42,4 59,8 30,1 42,1 60,3 1,0 -0,3 0,5 2,5 -0,5 1,5 10 292 2 678 1 168 1 511 7 614 10 286 2 638 1 102 1 536 7 648 10 280 2 692 1 127 1 565 7 588 10 273 2 790 1 143 1 647 7 483 -7 98 16 82 -105 -25 237 0 237 -262 55,2 11,1 24,8 56,4 11,3 26,0 58,2 10,7 25,6 58,1 11,0 26,2 59,0 11,1 27,2 0,9 0,1 1,0 3,8 0,0 2,4 10 035 7 375 4 851 2 524 2 659 10 070 7 452 4 797 2 655 2 619 10 105 7 519 4 803 2 716 2 586 10 139 7 512 4 839 2 673 2 627 10 173 7 575 4 747 2 828 2 598 34 63 -92 155 -29 139 200 -104 304 -61 34,2 48,3 73,5 35,6 47,6 74,0 36,1 47,5 74,4 35,6 47,7 74,1 37,3 46,7 74,5 1,7 -1,0 0,4 3,1 -1,6 1,0 Jan-Mar 2019 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand 38 283 22 492 16 291 6 201 15 791 38 433 22 968 16 313 6 655 15 465 38 582 23 109 16 375 6 734 15 474 27,6 42,6 58,8 29,0 42,4 59,8 10 297 2 553 1 143 1 409 7 745 Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-onyear change Per cent 0,4 1,3 -0,2 5,1 -1,0 1,5 4,3 0,6 14,0 -2,3 -0,1 3,6 1,5 5,2 -1,4 -0,2 9,3 0,0 16,8 -3,4 0,3 0,8 -1,9 5,8 -1,1 1,4 2,7 -2,1 12,0 -2,3 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 25 Table 2.2: Labour force characteristics by age group (concluded) Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent 8 335 6 681 5 143 1 538 1 654 8 376 6 745 5 126 1 619 1 631 41 64 -17 81 -23 161 240 36 205 -79 0,5 1,0 -0,3 5,2 -1,4 2,0 3,7 0,7 14,5 -4,6 22,9 62,4 80,9 23,0 61,7 80,2 24,0 61,2 80,5 1,0 -0,5 0,3 2,3 -0,8 1,3 5 871 4 419 3 661 758 1 451 5 923 4 470 3 702 768 1 453 5 974 4 482 3 695 786 1 493 6 026 4 544 3 747 797 1 482 52 62 52 10 -10 208 198 81 117 9 0,9 1,4 1,4 1,3 -0,7 3,6 4,6 2,2 17,2 0,6 15,6 63,0 74,7 17,2 62,4 75,3 17,2 62,5 75,5 17,5 61,9 75,0 17,5 62,2 75,4 0,0 0,3 0,4 1,9 -0,8 0,7 3 917 1 714 1 540 174 2 203 3 945 1 786 1 599 187 2 159 3 973 1 770 1 595 175 2 203 3 999 1 779 1 616 164 2 219 4 025 1 798 1 619 179 2 227 26 18 3 16 8 108 84 78 6 24 0,7 1,0 0,2 9,7 0,3 2,8 4,9 5,1 3,3 1,1 10,1 39,3 43,7 10,5 40,5 45,3 9,9 40,1 44,5 9,2 40,4 44,5 10,0 40,2 44,7 0,8 -0,2 0,2 -0,1 0,9 1,0 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand 8 215 6 505 5 090 1 414 1 710 8 254 6 632 5 088 1 545 1 622 8 294 6 711 5 174 1 538 1 583 21,7 62,0 79,2 23,3 61,6 80,4 5 819 4 346 3 666 679 1 473 35–44 years Population 35–44 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate 45–54 years Population 45–54 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate 55–64 years Population 55–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Jan-Mar 2019 Year-onyear change Per cent STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 26 Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province and metro Jan-Mar 2019 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand South Africa Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Western Cape Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-onyear change Thousand 38 283 22 492 16 291 6 201 15 791 2 997 12 793 38 433 22 968 16 313 6 655 15 465 2 749 12 716 38 582 23 109 16 375 6 734 15 474 2 793 12 681 38 727 23 146 16 420 6 726 15 581 2 855 12 726 38 874 23 452 16 383 7 070 15 422 2 918 12 504 147 306 -38 344 -159 63 -222 591 960 91 869 -369 -79 -290 27,6 42,6 58,8 29,0 42,4 59,8 29,1 42,4 59,9 29,1 42,4 59,8 30,1 42,1 60,3 1,0 -0,3 0,5 2,5 -0,5 1,5 4 619 3 130 2 520 610 1 489 72 1 417 4 642 3 139 2 497 642 1 502 64 1 438 4 664 3 177 2 494 683 1 487 45 1 442 4 686 3 182 2 518 665 1 504 66 1 438 4 708 3 163 2 501 662 1 545 96 1 449 22 -19 -17 -3 42 30 12 89 33 -19 52 56 23 32 19,5 54,5 67,8 20,4 53,8 67,6 21,5 53,5 68,1 20,9 53,7 67,9 20,9 53,1 67,2 0,0 -0,6 -0,7 1,4 -1,4 -0,6 Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-onyear change Per cent 0,4 1,3 -0,2 5,1 -1,0 2,2 -1,7 1,5 4,3 0,6 14,0 -2,3 -2,6 -2,3 0,5 -0,6 -0,7 -0,4 2,8 44,8 0,8 1,9 1,1 -0,8 8,6 3,8 32,3 2,3 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 27 Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province and metro (continued) Jan-Mar 2019 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Western Cape – Non-metro Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Western Cape – City of Cape Town Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-onyear change Thousand 1 679 1 120 936 184 559 49 510 1 688 1 109 909 200 579 50 529 1 697 1 117 886 231 580 24 556 1 705 1 112 916 196 593 45 547 1 714 1 134 929 205 580 69 511 9 22 12 9 -13 24 -37 35 14 -7 21 21 20 0 16,4 55,7 66,7 18,0 53,8 65,7 20,7 52,2 65,8 17,6 53,7 65,2 18,1 54,2 66,2 0,5 0,5 1,0 1,7 -1,5 -0,5 2 940 2 010 1 584 426 930 24 906 2 954 2 030 1 589 442 923 14 909 2 967 2 061 1 608 453 907 21 886 2 981 2 070 1 601 469 911 21 890 2 995 2 029 1 572 457 965 27 939 14 -41 -29 -12 55 6 49 55 19 -12 31 35 3 32 21,2 53,9 68,4 21,8 53,8 68,7 22,0 54,2 69,4 22,6 53,7 69,4 22,5 52,5 67,8 -0,1 -1,2 -1,6 1,3 -1,4 -0,6 Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-onyear change Per cent 0,5 1,9 1,4 4,7 -2,2 52,5 -6,7 2,1 1,2 -0,8 11,6 3,7 41,9 0,0 0,5 -2,0 -1,8 -2,5 6,0 28,1 5,5 1,9 1,0 -0,7 7,3 3,8 12,7 3,6 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 28 Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province and metro (continued) Year-onyear change Thousand Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Eastern Cape Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Eastern Cape – Non-metro Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Jan-Mar 2019 Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-onyear change Per cent 4 277 2 089 4 289 2 148 4 301 2 207 4 313 2 288 4 325 2 320 12 32 48 232 0,3 1,4 1,1 11,1 1 308 781 2 188 381 1 807 1 388 760 2 141 366 1 775 1 402 805 2 094 369 1 725 1 384 904 2 025 296 1 729 1 382 939 2 004 337 1 667 -3 35 -20 41 -62 74 158 -184 -44 -140 -0,2 3,9 -1,0 13,9 -3,6 5,7 20,2 -8,4 -11,5 -7,8 37,4 30,6 48,8 35,4 32,4 50,1 36,5 32,6 51,3 39,5 32,1 53,1 40,5 31,9 53,7 1,0 -0,2 0,6 3,1 1,3 4,9 2 938 1 221 732 489 1 717 344 1 373 2 946 1 283 810 473 1 663 333 1 330 2 954 1 317 809 508 1 637 345 1 292 2 961 1 376 772 603 1 585 282 1 303 2 968 1 401 769 632 1 567 328 1 239 7 25 -3 28 -18 46 -64 29 179 37 142 -150 -16 -134 0,2 1,8 -0,4 4,7 -1,1 16,4 -4,9 1,0 14,7 5,1 29,1 -8,7 -4,6 -9,8 40,1 24,9 41,6 36,8 27,5 43,6 38,6 27,4 44,6 43,9 26,1 46,5 45,1 25,9 47,2 1,2 -0,2 0,7 5,0 1,0 5,6 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 29 Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province and metro (continued) Year-onyear change Thousand Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Eastern Cape – Buffalo City Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Eastern Cape – Nelson Mandela Bay Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Jan-Mar 2019 Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-onyear change Per cent 517 323 518 334 520 346 521 357 523 365 1 7 6 41 0,3 2,0 1,2 12,8 239 84 193 36 158 240 94 185 26 159 239 107 174 22 152 246 111 164 5 159 256 109 158 5 153 10 -3 -6 0 -6 17 25 -35 -31 -5 4,1 -2,5 -3,5 -2,3 -3,6 6,9 29,3 -18,2 -85,3 -3,0 26,0 46,3 62,6 28,2 46,2 64,3 31,0 46,0 66,6 31,2 47,2 68,6 29,8 49,0 69,8 -1,4 1,8 1,2 3,8 2,7 7,2 822 544 336 208 278 1 277 825 531 338 194 293 7 286 828 544 355 190 283 3 281 831 555 366 189 276 8 267 834 555 356 198 279 3 275 3 0 -10 9 3 -5 8 12 11 20 -9 1 3 -1 0,4 -0,1 -2,6 4,9 1,2 -59,2 3,1 1,5 2,0 6,1 -4,6 0,5 313,4 -0,5 38,2 40,9 66,2 36,4 41,0 64,4 34,9 42,8 65,8 34,1 44,1 66,8 35,8 42,7 66,6 1,7 -1,4 -0,2 -2,4 1,8 0,4 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 30 Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province and metro (continued) Year-onyear change Thousand Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Northern Cape Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Free State Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Jan-Mar 2019 Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-onyear change Per cent 800 434 802 427 804 458 806 458 808 460 2 2 8 26 0,2 0,3 1,0 6,0 321 113 366 84 282 301 125 376 76 299 322 137 346 76 270 335 123 348 67 281 336 124 348 71 277 1 1 0 4 -4 15 11 -18 -13 -5 0,2 0,6 0,1 6,7 -1,5 4,5 10,1 -4,9 -15,5 -1,8 26,0 40,1 54,2 29,4 37,6 53,2 29,8 40,0 57,0 26,9 41,6 56,8 27,0 41,6 56,9 0,1 0,0 0,1 1,0 1,5 2,7 1 904 1 233 803 431 670 77 594 1 906 1 232 808 423 674 121 554 1 908 1 213 795 419 694 132 563 1 910 1 208 785 423 702 112 590 1 911 1 228 756 472 683 99 584 2 21 -29 49 -19 -13 -6 8 -5 -47 42 13 22 -10 0,1 1,7 -3,6 11,7 -2,7 -11,7 -1,0 0,4 -0,4 -5,8 9,6 1,9 28,8 -1,6 34,9 42,2 64,8 34,4 42,4 64,6 34,5 41,7 63,6 35,0 41,1 63,2 38,4 39,6 64,3 3,4 -1,5 1,1 3,5 -2,6 -0,5 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 31 Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province and metro (continued) Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Free State – Non-metro Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Free State – Mangaung Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Jan-Mar 2019 Year-onyear change Per cent 1 352 847 1 351 840 1 350 841 1 349 833 1 348 860 -1 27 -3 13 -0,1 3,2 -0,3 1,6 541 306 505 57 448 533 306 511 93 418 535 306 509 93 416 524 309 516 83 433 508 352 488 68 420 -16 43 -28 -15 -13 -33 46 -17 11 -28 -3,1 13,9 -5,4 -17,8 -3,0 -6,1 15,1 -3,3 19,9 -6,2 36,2 40,0 62,7 36,5 39,5 62,2 36,4 39,6 62,3 37,1 38,8 61,8 41,0 37,7 63,8 3,9 -1,1 2,0 4,8 -2,3 1,1 552 387 262 124 166 20 146 555 392 275 117 163 27 136 558 372 260 113 186 39 147 561 374 261 113 186 29 157 563 368 248 120 195 31 164 3 -6 -12 6 9 2 7 11 -18 -14 -5 29 11 18 0,5 -1,6 -4,8 5,6 4,7 5,5 4,6 2,0 -4,7 -5,2 -3,7 17,6 54,1 12,6 32,2 47,5 70,0 29,9 49,5 70,6 30,2 46,6 66,7 30,3 46,6 66,8 32,5 44,1 65,4 2,2 -2,5 -1,4 0,3 -3,4 -4,6 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 32 Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province and metro (continued) Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand KwaZulu-Natal Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate KwaZulu-Natal – Non-metro Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Jan-Mar 2019 Year-onyear change Per cent 7 082 3 469 7 109 3 563 7 135 3 610 7 161 3 554 7 188 3 656 26 102 106 186 0,4 2,9 1,5 5,4 2 598 872 3 612 824 2 788 2 635 929 3 545 758 2 787 2 674 936 3 526 766 2 759 2 664 890 3 608 824 2 784 2 672 984 3 532 821 2 711 8 94 -76 -3 -73 74 112 -80 -3 -77 0,3 10,6 -2,1 -0,3 -2,6 2,8 12,9 -2,2 -0,4 -2,8 25,1 36,7 49,0 26,1 37,1 50,1 25,9 37,5 50,6 25,0 37,2 49,6 26,9 37,2 50,9 1,9 0,0 1,3 1,8 0,5 1,9 4 636 1 963 1 438 525 2 672 732 1 941 4 655 2 080 1 475 604 2 576 606 1 970 4 675 2 103 1 491 612 2 573 611 1 961 4 695 2 048 1 473 575 2 647 664 1 983 4 714 2 124 1 479 646 2 590 687 1 903 20 76 6 70 -56 23 -80 79 161 41 120 -82 -45 -38 0,4 3,7 0,4 12,3 -2,1 3,5 -4,0 1,7 8,2 2,8 22,9 -3,1 -6,1 -1,9 26,7 31,0 42,3 29,1 31,7 44,7 29,1 31,9 45,0 28,1 31,4 43,6 30,4 31,4 45,1 2,3 0,0 1,5 3,7 0,4 2,8 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 33 Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province and metro (continued) Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand KwaZulu-Natal – eThekwini Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate North West Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Jan-Mar 2019 Year-onyear change Per cent 2 446 1 506 2 453 1 484 2 460 1 507 2 467 1 505 2 473 1 531 7 26 27 25 0,3 1,7 1,1 1,6 1 160 347 940 92 848 1 159 324 969 152 817 1 183 323 953 155 798 1 191 315 961 160 801 1 193 338 942 134 808 2 23 -19 -26 7 33 -8 2 42 -40 0,2 7,4 -2,0 -16,4 0,9 2,9 -2,4 0,2 45,1 -4,7 23,0 47,4 61,6 21,9 47,3 60,5 21,5 48,1 61,3 20,9 48,3 61,0 22,1 48,2 61,9 1,2 -0,1 0,9 -0,9 0,8 0,3 2 588 1 318 970 348 1 270 339 931 2 599 1 370 918 452 1 228 260 968 2 609 1 380 960 420 1 230 275 955 2 620 1 393 992 401 1 227 271 956 2 630 1 452 969 483 1 178 229 949 10 59 -23 82 -49 -41 -7 42 134 -1 135 -92 -109 17 0,4 4,2 -2,3 20,4 -4,0 -15,2 -0,8 1,6 10,2 -0,1 38,7 -7,2 -32,3 1,9 26,4 37,5 50,9 33,0 35,3 52,7 30,4 36,8 52,9 28,8 37,9 53,2 33,2 36,9 55,2 4,4 -1,0 2,0 6,8 -0,6 4,3 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 34 Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province and metro (continued) Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent 0,5 1,6 0,7 3,6 -2,2 9,0 -4,0 1,9 3,1 -0,5 12,0 -0,9 9,6 -2,5 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Gauteng Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Gauteng – Non-metro Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Jan-Mar 2019 Year-onyear change Per cent 10 310 7 263 5 162 2 102 3 046 413 2 633 10 360 7 358 5 066 2 292 3 002 367 2 635 10 410 7 332 5 060 2 271 3 078 387 2 691 10 459 7 369 5 098 2 271 3 089 416 2 674 10 508 7 488 5 134 2 354 3 020 453 2 567 49 119 36 83 -69 37 -107 198 225 -27 252 -26 40 -66 28,9 50,1 70,5 31,1 48,9 71,0 31,0 48,6 70,4 30,8 48,7 70,5 31,4 48,9 71,3 0,6 0,2 0,8 2,5 -1,2 0,8 1 349 812 1 352 874 1 355 830 1 357 850 1 360 895 2 46 10 83 0,2 5,4 0,7 10,2 580 232 537 131 406 580 294 478 79 399 568 262 524 111 414 604 246 507 119 389 627 268 464 117 348 23 22 -43 -2 -41 47 36 -73 -14 -59 3,9 9,1 -8,5 -1,7 -10,6 8,1 15,5 -13,6 -10,8 -14,5 28,6 43,0 60,2 33,6 42,9 64,6 31,6 41,9 61,3 29,0 44,5 62,6 30,0 46,1 65,9 1,0 1,6 3,3 1,4 3,1 5,7 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 35 Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province and metro (continued) Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Gauteng – Ekurhuleni Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Gauteng – City of Johannesburg Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Jan-Mar 2019 Year-onyear change Per cent 2 578 1 853 2 587 1 907 2 595 1 911 2 604 1 897 2 613 1 918 9 21 35 65 0,3 1,1 1,4 3,5 1 295 558 725 117 608 1 299 607 680 110 570 1 318 593 684 109 575 1 294 603 707 105 602 1 297 621 695 127 568 3 18 -13 21 -34 3 63 -30 10 -40 0,2 3,0 -1,8 20,4 -5,6 0,2 11,2 -4,2 8,5 -6,6 30,1 50,2 71,9 31,8 50,2 73,7 31,0 50,8 73,6 31,8 49,7 72,8 32,4 49,7 73,4 0,6 0,0 0,6 2,3 -0,5 1,5 3 844 2 859 2 008 851 985 70 915 3 868 2 813 1 950 864 1 055 99 956 3 892 2 830 1 914 916 1 062 79 983 3 916 2 891 1 945 946 1 025 77 948 3 940 2 891 1 947 945 1 049 78 970 24 0 2 -1 24 1 23 96 32 -61 93 64 8 55 0,6 0,0 0,1 -0,2 2,3 1,4 2,4 2,5 1,1 -3,0 11,0 6,5 11,9 6,1 29,8 52,2 74,4 30,7 50,4 72,7 32,4 49,2 72,7 32,7 49,7 73,8 32,7 49,4 73,4 0,0 -0,3 -0,4 2,9 -2,8 -1,0 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 36 Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province and metro (continued) Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Gauteng – City of Tshwane Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Mpumalanga Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Jan-Mar 2019 Year-onyear change Per cent 2 539 1 739 2 553 1 764 2 567 1 760 2 581 1 732 2 596 1 783 14 52 57 44 0,6 3,0 2,3 2,5 1 279 460 799 96 703 1 237 527 789 80 709 1 261 499 808 89 719 1 256 476 850 115 735 1 263 520 813 132 681 8 44 -37 17 -54 -16 60 13 36 -22 0,6 9,2 -4,4 14,7 -7,4 -1,3 13,0 1,7 37,3 -3,2 26,4 50,4 68,5 29,9 48,4 69,1 28,4 49,1 68,5 27,5 48,6 67,1 29,2 48,7 68,7 1,7 0,1 1,6 2,8 -1,7 0,2 2 935 1 837 1 209 627 1 099 185 913 2 947 1 905 1 243 661 1 042 210 832 2 958 1 905 1 233 672 1 052 211 841 2 969 1 873 1 244 629 1 095 250 845 2 980 1 869 1 246 623 1 111 255 856 11 -4 1 -6 15 4 11 44 32 36 -4 12 70 -58 0,4 -0,2 0,1 -0,9 1,4 1,8 1,3 1,5 1,8 3,0 -0,7 1,1 37,7 -6,3 34,2 41,2 62,6 34,7 42,2 64,6 35,3 41,7 64,4 33,6 41,9 63,1 33,3 41,8 62,7 -0,3 -0,1 -0,4 -0,9 0,6 0,1 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 37 Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province and metro (concluded) Year-onyear change Thousand Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Limpopo Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Jan-Mar 2019 Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-onyear change Per cent 3 768 1 719 3 780 1 826 3 793 1 826 3 804 1 821 3 816 1 816 12 -5 48 97 0,3 -0,3 1,3 5,6 1 401 318 2 049 622 1 427 1 456 370 1 954 526 1 428 1 435 391 1 966 531 1 435 1 400 421 1 984 554 1 430 1 387 429 2 000 557 1 444 -13 8 17 3 14 -15 112 -49 -65 17 -0,9 2,0 0,8 0,5 1,0 -1,0 35,1 -2,4 -10,5 1,2 18,5 37,2 45,6 20,3 38,5 48,3 21,4 37,8 48,2 23,1 36,8 47,9 23,6 36,3 47,6 0,5 -0,5 -0,3 5,1 -0,9 2,0 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 38 Table 2.4: Labour force characteristics by sex – Expanded definition of unemployment Year-onyear change Thousand Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Both sexes Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Women Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Jan-Mar 2019 38 283 26 286 16 291 11 220 2 933 837 1 301 9 994 11 997 38 433 26 539 16 313 11 172 3 048 842 1 251 10 226 11 894 38 582 26 647 16 375 11 214 2 995 880 1 286 10 272 11 935 38 727 26 801 16 420 11 331 2 918 885 1 286 10 381 11 926 38 874 27 179 16 383 11 282 2 921 865 1 316 10 797 11 694 147 378 -38 -50 3 -21 30 416 -232 591 894 91 61 -13 27 15 802 -303 38,0 42,6 68,7 38,5 42,4 69,1 38,5 42,4 69,1 38,7 42,4 69,2 39,7 42,1 69,9 1,0 -0,3 0,7 1,7 -0,5 1,2 19 339 12 302 7 192 4 763 1 147 278 1 004 5 110 7 037 19 411 12 414 7 133 4 747 1 163 248 974 5 281 6 997 19 483 12 407 7 242 4 838 1 147 262 994 5 166 7 076 19 554 12 528 7 220 4 883 1 064 302 971 5 309 7 025 19 625 12 776 7 234 4 831 1 132 287 984 5 542 6 849 71 247 14 -52 67 -15 14 233 -176 286 474 42 68 -15 9 -20 432 -188 41,5 37,2 63,6 42,5 36,7 64,0 41,6 37,2 63,7 42,4 36,9 64,1 43,4 36,9 65,1 1,0 0,0 1,0 1,9 -0,3 1,5 Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-onyear change Per cent 0,4 1,4 -0,2 -0,4 0,1 -2,3 2,3 4,0 -1,9 1,5 3,4 0,6 0,5 -0,4 3,3 1,2 8,0 -2,5 0,4 2,0 0,2 -1,1 6,3 -4,8 1,4 4,4 -2,5 1,5 3,9 0,6 1,4 -1,3 3,3 -2,0 8,5 -2,7 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 39 Table 2.4: Labour force characteristics by sex – Expanded definition of unemployment (concluded) Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Men Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Jan-Mar 2019 Year-onyear change Per cent 18 944 13 984 19 022 14 125 19 099 14 239 19 174 14 273 19 249 14 404 76 131 305 419 0,4 0,9 1,6 3,0 9 100 6 458 1 786 559 296 4 885 4 960 9 180 6 424 1 884 594 277 4 946 4 897 9 133 6 376 1 848 618 292 5 106 4 860 9 201 6 448 1 854 583 315 5 072 4 901 9 149 6 451 1 789 577 332 5 255 4 846 -52 3 -65 -6 16 183 -56 49 -7 3 18 35 370 -114 -0,6 0,0 -3,5 -1,0 5,2 3,6 -1,1 0,5 -0,1 0,2 3,3 11,9 7,6 -2,3 34,9 48,0 73,8 35,0 48,3 74,3 35,9 47,8 74,6 35,5 48,0 74,4 36,5 47,5 74,8 1,0 -0,5 0,4 1,6 -0,5 1,0 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 40 Table 2.5: Labour force characteristics by population group – Expanded definition of unemployment Jan-Mar 2019 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand South Africa Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Black/African Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Coloured Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent 0,4 1,4 -0,2 4,0 -1,9 1,5 3,4 0,6 8,0 -2,5 0,5 1,6 -0,4 4,2 -2,1 1,9 3,9 1,0 7,8 -2,5 0,2 0,6 -0,7 3,6 -0,6 0,9 0,5 -2,6 8,1 1,9 38 283 26 286 16 291 9 994 11 997 38 433 26 539 16 313 10 226 11 894 38 582 26 647 16 375 10 272 11 935 38 727 26 801 16 420 10 381 11 926 38 874 27 179 16 383 10 797 11 694 147 378 -38 416 -232 591 894 91 802 -303 38,0 42,6 68,7 38,5 42,4 69,1 38,5 42,4 69,1 38,7 42,4 69,2 39,7 42,1 69,9 1,0 -0,3 0,7 1,7 -0,5 1,2 30 844 21 211 12 201 9 010 9 633 30 992 21 483 12 250 9 233 9 509 31 140 21 542 12 262 9 280 9 598 31 284 21 686 12 365 9 321 9 598 31 429 22 034 12 317 9 717 9 396 146 348 -47 395 -202 586 823 116 707 -237 42,5 39,6 68,8 43,0 39,5 69,3 43,1 39,4 69,2 43,0 39,5 69,3 44,1 39,2 70,1 1,1 -0,3 0,8 1,6 -0,4 1,3 3 468 2 403 1 711 692 1 065 3 477 2 382 1 687 695 1 095 3 485 2 406 1 719 687 1 079 3 493 2 401 1 680 722 1 091 3 500 2 415 1 667 748 1 085 8 14 -13 26 -6 32 12 -44 56 20 28,8 49,3 69,3 29,2 48,5 68,5 28,6 49,3 69,1 30,1 48,1 68,8 31,0 47,6 69,0 0,9 -0,5 0,2 2,2 -1,7 -0,3 Year-onyear change Per cent STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 41 Table 2.5: Labour force characteristics by population group – Expanded definition of unemployment (concluded) Jan-Mar 2019 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Indian/Asian Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate White Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-onyear change Per cent 0,2 -0,1 2,2 -9,2 0,9 0,9 5,6 2,1 24,3 -6,9 1 009 623 524 99 386 1 011 628 530 97 383 1 013 649 535 114 364 1 016 659 523 135 357 1 018 658 535 123 360 2 -1 12 -12 3 9 35 11 24 -26 15,9 51,9 61,7 15,5 52,4 62,1 17,6 52,8 64,1 20,6 51,5 64,9 18,7 52,6 64,7 -1,9 1,1 -0,2 2,8 0,7 3,0 2 961 2 049 2 953 2 047 2 944 2 049 2 935 2 055 2 926 2 072 -9 17 -35 24 -0,3 0,9 -1,2 1,2 1 855 194 913 1 845 201 906 1 859 190 895 1 853 202 880 1 863 209 854 11 7 -26 8 16 -59 0,6 3,4 -3,0 0,4 8,0 -6,4 9,4 62,6 69,2 9,8 62,5 69,3 9,3 63,1 69,6 9,8 63,1 70,0 10,1 63,7 70,8 0,3 0,6 0,8 0,7 1,1 1,6 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 42 Table 2.6: Labour force characteristics by age group – Expanded definition of unemployment Jan-Mar 2019 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand 15–64 years Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate 15–24 years Population 15–24 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate 25–34 years Population 25–34 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate .Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent 0,4 1,4 -0,2 4,0 -1,9 1,5 3,4 0,6 8,0 -2,5 -0,1 3,0 1,5 3,7 -1,8 -0,2 3,1 0,0 4,5 -2,1 0,3 1,3 -1,9 5,1 -5,9 1,4 3,1 -2,1 9,8 -9,5 38 283 26 286 16 291 9 994 11 997 38 433 26 539 16 313 10 226 11 894 38 582 26 647 16 375 10 272 11 935 38 727 26 801 16 420 10 381 11 926 38 874 27 179 16 383 10 797 11 694 147 378 -38 416 -232 591 894 91 802 -303 38,0 42,6 68,7 38,5 42,4 69,1 38,5 42,4 69,1 38,7 42,4 69,2 39,7 42,1 69,9 1,0 -0,3 0,7 1,7 -0,5 1,2 10 297 3 698 1 143 2 554 6 600 10 292 3 685 1 168 2 517 6 607 10 286 3 671 1 102 2 569 6 615 10 280 3 701 1 127 2 574 6 579 10 273 3 813 1 143 2 669 6 460 -7 112 16 96 -119 -25 115 0 115 -140 69,1 11,1 35,9 68,3 11,3 35,8 70,0 10,7 35,7 69,5 11,0 36,0 70,0 11,1 37,1 0,5 0,1 1,1 0,9 0,0 1,2 10 035 8 666 4 851 3 815 1 368 10 070 8 729 4 797 3 933 1 341 10 105 8 765 4 803 3 962 1 341 10 139 8 823 4 839 3 984 1 316 10 173 8 935 4 747 4 188 1 239 34 112 -92 204 -78 139 269 -104 373 -130 44,0 48,3 86,4 45,1 47,6 86,7 45,2 47,5 86,7 45,2 47,7 87,0 46,9 46,7 87,8 1,7 -1,0 0,8 2,9 -1,6 1,4 Year-onyear change Per cent STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 43 Table 2.6: Labour force characteristics by age group – Expanded definition of unemployment (concluded) Jan-Mar 2019 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand 35–44 years Population 35–44 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate 45–54 years Population 45–54 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate 55–64 years Population 55–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent 0,5 1,3 -0,3 4,9 -5,6 2,0 3,6 0,7 10,7 -10,2 0,9 0,9 1,4 -0,7 0,8 3,6 3,1 2,2 5,9 5,9 0,7 0,8 0,2 4,2 0,5 2,8 5,2 5,1 5,6 0,5 8 215 7 219 5 090 2 129 996 8 254 7 306 5 088 2 218 948 8 294 7 351 5 174 2 178 943 8 335 7 388 5 143 2 245 947 8 376 7 482 5 126 2 356 894 41 94 -17 111 -53 161 263 36 228 -102 29,5 62,0 87,9 30,4 61,6 88,5 29,6 62,4 88,6 30,4 61,7 88,6 31,5 61,2 89,3 1,1 -0,5 0,7 2,0 -0,8 1,4 5 819 4 837 3 666 1 170 982 5 871 4 872 3 661 1 210 999 5 923 4 919 3 702 1 217 1 004 5 974 4 942 3 695 1 247 1 032 6 026 4 986 3 747 1 239 1 040 52 44 52 -8 8 208 150 81 69 58 24,2 63,0 83,1 24,8 62,4 83,0 24,7 62,5 83,1 25,2 61,9 82,7 24,8 62,2 82,7 -0,4 0,3 0,0 0,6 -0,8 -0,4 3 917 1 867 1 540 326 2 051 3 945 1 947 1 599 348 1 998 3 973 1 940 1 595 345 2 033 3 999 1 947 1 616 331 2 052 4 025 1 963 1 619 345 2 062 26 16 3 14 10 108 97 78 18 11 17,5 39,3 47,6 17,9 40,5 49,3 17,8 40,1 48,8 17,0 40,4 48,7 17,6 40,2 48,8 0,6 -0,2 0,1 0,1 0,9 1,2 Year-onyear change Per cent STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 44 Table 2.7: Labour force characteristics by province and metro – Expanded definition of unemployment Jan-Mar 2019 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand South Africa Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Western Cape Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Western Cape – Non-metro Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent 0,4 1,4 -0,2 4,0 -1,9 1,5 3,4 0,6 8,0 -2,5 0,5 0,2 -0,7 3,0 1,1 1,9 2,0 -0,8 11,4 1,8 0,5 3,1 1,4 8,9 -5,5 2,1 2,8 -0,8 16,0 0,2 38 283 26 286 16 291 9 994 11 997 38 433 26 539 16 313 10 226 11 894 38 582 26 647 16 375 10 272 11 935 38 727 26 801 16 420 10 381 11 926 38 874 27 179 16 383 10 797 11 694 147 378 -38 416 -232 591 894 91 802 -303 38,0 42,6 68,7 38,5 42,4 69,1 38,5 42,4 69,1 38,7 42,4 69,2 39,7 42,1 69,9 1,0 -0,3 0,7 1,7 -0,5 1,2 4 619 3 261 2 520 741 1 358 4 642 3 278 2 497 780 1 364 4 664 3 303 2 494 809 1 362 4 686 3 319 2 518 801 1 367 4 708 3 326 2 501 826 1 382 22 7 -17 24 15 89 65 -19 84 24 22,7 54,5 70,6 23,8 53,8 70,6 24,5 53,5 70,8 24,1 53,7 70,8 24,8 53,1 70,6 0,7 -0,6 -0,2 2,1 -1,4 0,0 1 679 1 193 936 257 486 1 688 1 187 909 278 501 1 697 1 180 886 294 517 1 705 1 190 916 274 515 1 714 1 227 929 298 487 9 37 12 25 -28 35 34 -7 41 1 21,6 55,7 71,1 23,4 53,8 70,3 24,9 52,2 69,5 23,0 53,7 69,8 24,3 54,2 71,6 1,3 0,5 1,8 2,7 -1,5 0,5 Year-onyear change Per cent STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 45 Table 2.7: Labour force characteristics by province and metro – Expanded definition of unemployment (continued) Jan-Mar 2019 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Western Cape – City of Cape Town Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Eastern Cape Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Eastern Cape – Non-metro Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent 0,5 -1,4 -1,8 -0,1 5,1 1,9 1,5 -0,7 8,9 2,6 0,3 2,2 -0,2 4,8 -2,7 1,1 7,0 5,7 8,4 -7,4 0,2 3,4 -0,4 6,6 -4,1 1,0 10,0 5,1 14,1 -9,8 2 940 2 067 1 584 484 872 2 954 2 091 1 589 502 863 2 967 2 123 1 608 515 845 2 981 2 129 1 601 527 852 2 995 2 099 1 572 527 895 14 -30 -29 0 43 55 32 -12 43 23 23,4 53,9 70,3 24,0 53,8 70,8 24,2 54,2 71,5 24,8 53,7 71,4 25,1 52,5 70,1 0,3 -1,2 -1,3 1,7 -1,4 -0,2 4 277 2 527 1 308 1 220 1 749 4 289 2 595 1 388 1 208 1 694 4 301 2 623 1 402 1 221 1 678 4 313 2 646 1 384 1 262 1 666 4 325 2 704 1 382 1 322 1 621 12 57 -3 60 -46 48 177 74 102 -129 48,3 30,6 59,1 46,5 32,4 60,5 46,5 32,6 61,0 47,7 32,1 61,4 48,9 31,9 62,5 1,2 -0,2 1,1 0,6 1,3 3,4 2 938 1 606 732 874 1 332 2 946 1 668 810 858 1 278 2 954 1 698 809 889 1 255 2 961 1 708 772 936 1 253 2 968 1 766 769 997 1 202 7 58 -3 61 -51 29 160 37 123 -131 54,4 24,9 54,7 51,4 27,5 56,6 52,4 27,4 57,5 54,8 26,1 57,7 56,5 25,9 59,5 1,7 -0,2 1,8 2,1 1,0 4,8 Year-onyear change Per cent STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 46 Table 2.7: Labour force characteristics by province and metro – Expanded definition of unemployment (continued) Jan-Mar 2019 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Eastern Cape – Buffalo City Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Eastern Cape – Nelson Mandela Bay Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Northern Cape Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent 0,3 1,0 4,1 -5,0 -1,5 1,2 0,0 6,9 -12,0 4,1 0,4 -0,8 -2,6 2,6 2,8 1,5 3,0 6,1 -2,0 -1,4 0,2 1,6 0,2 3,8 -2,8 1,0 2,0 4,5 -1,6 -1,3 517 377 239 137 140 518 384 240 145 134 520 377 239 138 143 521 373 246 127 148 523 377 256 121 146 1 4 10 -6 -2 6 0 17 -16 6 36,4 46,3 72,8 37,6 46,2 74,1 36,6 46,0 72,5 34,0 47,2 71,5 32,0 49,0 72,0 -2,0 1,8 0,5 -4,4 2,7 -0,8 822 545 336 209 277 825 543 338 205 281 828 548 355 193 280 831 566 366 199 265 834 561 356 205 273 3 -4 -10 5 7 12 16 20 -4 -4 38,3 40,9 66,3 37,8 41,0 65,9 35,3 42,8 66,2 35,3 44,1 68,1 36,5 42,7 67,3 1,2 -1,4 -0,8 -1,8 1,8 1,0 800 549 321 228 251 802 546 301 244 257 804 564 322 243 240 806 551 335 216 255 808 560 336 224 248 2 9 1 8 -7 8 11 15 -4 -3 41,5 40,1 68,6 44,8 37,6 68,0 43,0 40,0 70,2 39,2 41,6 68,3 40,0 41,6 69,3 0,8 0,0 1,0 -1,5 1,5 0,7 Year-onyear change Per cent STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 47 Table 2.7: Labour force characteristics by province and metro – Expanded definition of unemployment (continued) Jan-Mar 2019 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Free State Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Free State – Non-metro Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Free State – Mangaung Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent 0,1 0,2 -3,6 5,3 -0,1 0,4 1,7 -5,8 12,8 -2,6 -0,1 0,6 -3,1 5,3 -1,8 -0,3 3,3 -6,1 16,6 -7,9 0,5 -1,0 -4,8 5,6 4,6 2,0 -1,9 -5,2 3,6 14,2 1 904 1 341 803 538 562 1 906 1 384 808 576 522 1 908 1 382 795 587 526 1 910 1 362 785 577 548 1 911 1 364 756 607 548 2 2 -29 31 0 8 22 -47 69 -15 40,1 42,2 70,5 41,6 42,4 72,6 42,5 41,7 72,4 42,3 41,1 71,3 44,5 39,6 71,3 2,2 -1,5 0,0 4,4 -2,6 0,8 1 352 923 541 382 429 1 351 954 533 421 397 1 350 956 535 421 394 1 349 947 524 423 402 1 348 953 508 445 395 -1 6 -16 22 -7 -3 30 -33 63 -34 41,4 40,0 68,3 44,1 39,5 70,6 44,0 39,6 70,8 44,7 38,8 70,2 46,7 37,7 70,7 2,0 -1,1 0,5 5,3 -2,3 2,4 552 419 262 156 134 555 430 275 155 125 558 426 260 166 132 561 414 261 153 146 563 410 248 162 153 3 -4 -12 9 7 11 -8 -14 6 19 37,4 47,5 75,8 36,1 49,5 77,5 39,0 46,6 76,3 37,0 46,6 73,9 39,5 44,1 72,9 2,5 -2,5 -1,0 2,1 -3,4 -2,9 Year-onyear change Per cent STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 48 Table 2.7: Labour force characteristics by province metro – Expanded definition of unemployment (continued) Jan-Mar 2019 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand KwaZulu-Natal Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate KwaZulu-Natal – Non-metro Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate KwaZulu-Natal – eThekwini Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent 0,4 2,1 0,3 4,6 -2,7 1,5 3,9 2,8 5,3 -2,7 0,4 3,0 0,4 5,8 -3,7 1,7 2,9 2,8 2,9 -0,2 0,3 0,6 0,2 1,4 -0,4 1,1 5,6 2,9 12,5 -8,0 7 082 4 509 2 598 1 911 2 573 7 109 4 551 2 635 1 916 2 557 7 135 4 564 2 674 1 890 2 571 7 161 4 587 2 664 1 923 2 574 7 188 4 684 2 672 2 012 2 504 26 97 8 89 -70 106 175 74 101 -70 42,4 36,7 63,7 42,1 37,1 64,0 41,4 37,5 64,0 41,9 37,2 64,1 43,0 37,2 65,2 1,1 0,0 1,1 0,6 0,5 1,5 4 636 2 877 1 438 1 439 1 759 4 655 2 882 1 475 1 407 1 773 4 675 2 859 1 491 1 368 1 816 4 695 2 873 1 473 1 400 1 822 4 714 2 960 1 479 1 481 1 754 20 87 6 81 -67 79 83 41 42 -4 50,0 31,0 62,1 48,8 31,7 61,9 47,9 31,9 61,1 48,7 31,4 61,2 50,0 31,4 62,8 1,3 0,0 1,6 0,0 0,4 0,7 2 446 1 632 1 160 472 815 2 453 1 669 1 159 509 784 2 460 1 706 1 183 522 754 2 467 1 714 1 191 523 752 2 473 1 724 1 193 531 749 7 10 2 7 -3 27 92 33 59 -65 28,9 47,4 66,7 30,5 47,3 68,0 30,6 48,1 69,3 30,5 48,3 69,5 30,8 48,2 69,7 0,3 -0,1 0,2 1,9 0,8 3,0 Year-onyear change Per cent STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 49 Table 2.7: Labour force characteristics by province metro – Expanded definition of unemployment (continued) Jan-Mar 2019 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand North West Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Gauteng Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Gauteng – Non-metro Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent 0,4 1,4 -2,3 6,3 -1,6 1,6 1,2 -0,1 2,9 2,4 0,5 2,3 0,7 5,2 -5,1 1,9 3,8 -0,5 12,2 -3,7 0,2 3,7 3,9 3,5 -9,7 0,7 6,5 8,1 4,0 -14,0 2 588 1 745 970 774 844 2 599 1 719 918 801 880 2 609 1 748 960 788 862 2 620 1 742 992 750 878 2 630 1 766 969 797 864 10 24 -23 47 -14 42 22 -1 22 21 44,4 37,5 67,4 46,6 35,3 66,1 45,1 36,8 67,0 43,0 37,9 66,5 45,1 36,9 67,1 2,1 -1,0 0,6 0,7 -0,6 -0,3 10 310 7 770 5 162 2 609 2 539 10 360 7 793 5 066 2 727 2 567 10 410 7 794 5 060 2 734 2 615 10 459 7 882 5 098 2 784 2 576 10 508 8 062 5 134 2 928 2 446 49 180 36 144 -131 198 292 -27 319 -94 33,6 50,1 75,4 35,0 48,9 75,2 35,1 48,6 74,9 35,3 48,7 75,4 36,3 48,9 76,7 1,0 0,2 1,3 2,7 -1,2 1,3 1 349 972 580 392 377 1 352 977 580 397 375 1 355 964 568 396 391 1 357 998 604 394 359 1 360 1 035 627 408 324 2 37 23 14 -35 10 63 47 16 -53 40,4 43,0 72,1 40,6 42,9 72,2 41,1 41,9 71,2 39,5 44,5 73,5 39,4 46,1 76,1 -0,1 1,6 2,6 -1,0 3,1 4,0 Year-onyear change Per cent STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 50 Table 2.7: Labour force characteristics by province metro – Expanded definition of unemployment (continued) Jan-Mar 2019 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Gauteng – Ekurhuleni Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Gauteng – City of Johannesburg Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Gauteng – City of Tshwane Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent 0,3 3,3 0,2 8,7 -9,6 1,4 4,4 0,2 12,1 -8,9 0,6 0,3 0,1 0,6 1,7 2,5 2,1 -3,0 13,1 3,8 0,6 3,7 0,6 9,9 -7,8 2,3 4,3 -1,3 16,5 -3,5 2 578 1 992 1 295 698 585 2 587 2 031 1 299 731 556 2 595 2 036 1 318 718 560 2 604 2 014 1 294 720 590 2 613 2 079 1 297 782 533 9 65 3 62 -57 35 87 3 84 -52 35,0 50,2 77,3 36,0 50,2 78,5 35,3 50,8 78,4 35,7 49,7 77,3 37,6 49,7 79,6 1,9 0,0 2,3 2,6 -0,5 2,3 3 844 2 939 2 008 932 905 3 868 2 928 1 950 978 940 3 892 2 925 1 914 1 011 967 3 916 2 992 1 945 1 048 923 3 940 3 001 1 947 1 054 939 24 8 2 6 16 96 61 -61 123 35 31,7 52,2 76,5 33,4 50,4 75,7 34,6 49,2 75,1 35,0 49,7 76,4 35,1 49,4 76,2 0,1 -0,3 -0,2 3,4 -2,8 -0,3 2 539 1 866 1 279 587 672 2 553 1 858 1 237 621 695 2 567 1 869 1 261 609 698 2 581 1 878 1 256 622 704 2 596 1 947 1 263 683 649 14 69 8 61 -55 57 81 -16 97 -23 31,4 50,4 73,5 33,4 48,4 72,8 32,6 49,1 72,8 33,1 48,6 72,7 35,1 48,7 75,0 2,0 0,1 2,3 3,7 -1,7 1,5 Year-onyear change Per cent STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 51 Table 2.7: Labour force characteristics by province metro – Expanded definition of unemployment (concluded) Jan-Mar 2019 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Mpumalanga Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Limpopo Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent 0,4 0,4 0,1 0,7 0,4 1,5 4,7 3,0 7,0 -6,9 0,3 -0,3 -0,9 0,6 1,4 1,3 1,2 -1,0 4,1 1,5 2 935 2 120 1 209 911 815 2 947 2 202 1 243 959 745 2 958 2 198 1 233 965 759 2 969 2 213 1 244 968 756 2 980 2 221 1 246 975 759 11 8 1 7 3 44 101 36 64 -56 43,0 41,2 72,2 43,5 42,2 74,7 43,9 41,7 74,3 43,8 41,9 74,5 43,9 41,8 74,5 0,1 -0,1 0,0 0,9 0,6 2,3 3 768 2 464 1 401 1 062 1 304 3 780 2 471 1 456 1 015 1 310 3 793 2 470 1 435 1 035 1 322 3 804 2 499 1 400 1 100 1 305 3 816 2 493 1 387 1 106 1 324 12 -7 -13 6 19 48 29 -15 44 19 43,1 37,2 65,4 41,1 38,5 65,4 41,9 37,8 65,1 44,0 36,8 65,7 44,4 36,3 65,3 0,4 -0,5 -0,4 1,3 -0,9 -0,1 Year-onyear change Per cent STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 52 Table 3.1: Employed by industry and sex – South Africa Jan-Mar Apr-Jun 2019 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Both sexes Agriculture Mining Manufacturing Utilities Construction Trade Transport Finance Community and social services Private households Other 16 291 837 417 1 780 150 1 339 3 345 1 025 2 516 3 574 1 301 7 16 313 842 381 1 789 151 1 363 3 429 983 2 495 3 622 1 251 6 16 375 880 419 1 760 133 1 339 3 408 975 2 492 3 679 1 286 5 16 420 885 430 1 720 120 1 350 3 249 1 011 2 568 3 792 1 286 9 16 383 865 436 1 706 116 1 343 3 320 995 2 517 3 759 1 316 11 -38 -21 6 -15 -4 -7 71 -17 -50 -33 30 2 91 27 18 -74 -34 5 -25 -30 1 185 15 4 -0,2 -2,3 1,5 -0,8 -3,5 -0,5 2,2 -1,7 -2,0 -0,9 2,3 26,8 0,6 3,3 4,4 -4,2 -22,9 0,3 -0,7 -2,9 0,0 5,2 1,2 52,6 Women Agriculture Mining Manufacturing Utilities Construction Trade Transport Finance Community and social services Private households Other 7 192 278 62 626 42 152 1 530 200 1 058 2 234 1 004 5 7 133 248 52 577 48 147 1 622 175 1 016 2 270 974 2 7 242 262 64 628 39 150 1 579 189 1 040 2 294 994 3 7 220 302 71 605 36 145 1 480 194 1 068 2 341 971 7 7 234 287 63 599 36 144 1 551 177 1 059 2 324 984 10 14 -15 -8 -6 1 -1 71 -17 -9 -17 14 2 42 9 1 -27 -6 -9 21 -23 1 89 -20 5 0,2 -4,8 -11,5 -1,0 1,6 -0,7 4,8 -8,6 -0,9 -0,7 1,4 33,3 0,6 3,3 1,7 -4,4 -14,8 -5,6 1,4 -11,3 0,1 4,0 -2,0 111,7 Men Agriculture Mining Manufacturing Utilities Construction Trade Transport Finance Community and social services Private households Other 9 100 559 355 1 154 108 1 186 1 815 825 1 459 1 340 296 3 9 180 594 329 1 212 103 1 216 1 806 808 1 479 1 352 277 3 9 133 618 355 1 132 95 1 188 1 829 786 1 452 1 385 292 2 9 201 583 358 1 115 84 1 206 1 769 818 1 499 1 451 315 1 9 149 577 373 1 107 79 1 200 1 769 818 1 458 1 435 332 1 -52 -6 14 -9 -5 -6 0 0 -41 -16 16 0 49 18 17 -47 -28 13 -46 -8 0 95 35 -1 -0,6 -1,0 4,0 -0,8 -5,6 -0,5 0,0 0,0 -2,7 -1,1 5,2 -8,8 0,5 3,3 4,9 -4,1 -26,1 1,1 -2,5 -0,9 0,0 7,1 11,9 -53,1 Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Year-on-year change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-on-year change Per cent STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 53 Table 3.2: Employed by industry and province Jan-Mar 2019 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Agriculture Western Cape Eastern Cape Northern Cape Free State KwaZulu-Natal North West Gauteng Mpumalanga Limpopo 837 225 84 41 60 134 62 31 76 124 842 182 97 33 60 134 61 33 101 141 880 215 96 33 56 143 59 40 98 140 Mining Western Cape Eastern Cape Northern Cape Free State KwaZulu-Natal North West Gauteng Mpumalanga Limpopo 417 4 1 28 17 9 136 50 71 100 381 3 Manufacturing Western Cape Eastern Cape Northern Cape Free State KwaZulu-Natal North West Gauteng Mpumalanga Limpopo 1 780 346 113 17 77 348 75 620 97 86 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-on-year change Thousand 885 236 77 36 66 162 48 30 92 140 865 255 80 41 62 133 51 30 86 126 -21 19 4 5 -4 -29 3 1 -6 -14 27 30 -4 0 3 -1 -11 -1 10 2 -2,3 8,1 4,7 14,5 -5,7 -17,9 6,3 2,1 -6,0 -9,8 3,3 13,1 -4,9 1,2 4,3 -0,9 -17,8 -2,8 13,4 1,5 26 20 7 122 50 68 86 419 9 2 29 15 3 130 65 78 89 430 2 1 33 17 5 134 73 80 84 436 2 2 35 20 7 125 83 69 93 6 0 1 2 4 2 -10 10 -11 8 18 -2 1 7 3 -2 -12 32 -2 -7 1,5 16,6 57,8 6,7 21,7 40,0 -7,2 13,2 -13,8 9,9 4,4 -42,8 237,1 24,4 18,5 -24,4 -8,6 64,1 -3,3 -7,4 1 789 357 119 17 62 352 72 627 101 81 1 760 330 134 15 59 333 74 627 104 84 1 720 305 127 17 55 338 70 624 103 81 1 706 309 127 14 53 324 62 616 105 96 -15 4 0 -3 -2 -14 -8 -8 2 15 -74 -38 14 -3 -24 -24 -13 -4 8 10 -0,8 1,2 0,0 -18,1 -3,7 -4,1 -11,1 -1,3 1,6 18,6 -4,2 -10,9 12,4 -20,1 -30,9 -6,9 -17,4 -0,7 7,8 11,9 For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-on-year change Per cent STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 54 Table 3.2: Employed by industry and province (continued) Jan-Mar Apr-Jun 2019 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Utilities Western Cape Eastern Cape Northern Cape Free State KwaZulu-Natal North West Gauteng Mpumalanga Limpopo 150 10 5 4 8 10 9 52 38 14 151 11 4 3 12 12 6 53 40 12 133 17 8 2 10 9 6 44 26 11 120 16 12 1 9 11 3 31 28 8 116 6 6 2 7 14 6 35 26 13 -4 -10 -6 1 -2 2 4 4 -2 4 -34 -4 2 -2 -2 4 -3 -17 -12 -1 -3,5 -61,8 -47,3 66,5 -23,6 20,7 151,0 14,0 -6,7 52,1 -22,9 -36,1 39,0 -54,2 -18,7 42,3 -29,8 -32,9 -31,0 -9,8 Construction Western Cape Eastern Cape Northern Cape Free State KwaZulu-Natal North West Gauteng Mpumalanga Limpopo 1 339 220 136 18 56 230 65 375 101 137 1 363 214 147 16 60 237 70 382 109 128 1 339 185 161 20 46 238 56 383 107 142 1 350 204 155 20 66 229 63 367 105 141 1 343 188 169 24 57 222 59 382 101 142 -7 -17 14 3 -10 -6 -3 15 -4 1 5 -32 33 5 1 -8 -6 7 0 5 -0,5 -8,1 8,8 17,1 -14,7 -2,7 -5,2 4,0 -3,8 0,7 0,3 -14,7 23,9 28,2 1,1 -3,4 -8,7 1,9 -0,1 3,8 Trade Western Cape Eastern Cape Northern Cape Free State KwaZulu-Natal North West Gauteng Mpumalanga Limpopo 3 345 506 265 46 155 534 191 1 066 258 325 3 429 518 294 49 168 556 161 1 070 257 355 3 408 513 298 47 179 557 186 1 025 256 349 3 249 457 277 57 161 559 170 1 008 263 298 3 320 483 269 65 170 585 176 1 019 265 288 71 27 -8 8 9 26 6 10 2 -10 -25 -23 4 19 15 52 -16 -47 7 -37 2,2 5,8 -2,8 14,1 5,7 4,7 3,7 1,0 0,7 -3,3 -0,7 -4,5 1,6 41,9 9,7 9,7 -8,1 -4,4 2,8 -11,3 For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Year-on-year change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-on-year change Per cent STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 55 Table 3.2: Employed by industry and province (continued) Jan-Mar Apr-Jun 2019 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Transport Western Cape Eastern Cape Northern Cape Free State KwaZulu-Natal North West Gauteng Mpumalanga Limpopo 1 025 133 82 14 42 184 45 389 69 66 983 126 76 9 37 171 38 386 66 73 975 152 61 9 40 192 37 358 63 64 1 011 166 73 11 34 180 38 377 70 62 995 169 81 7 34 189 30 363 65 57 -17 3 8 -4 0 9 -8 -14 -5 -5 -30 36 -1 -7 -8 5 -16 -25 -5 -9 -1,7 1,7 10,3 -38,0 -0,2 5,0 -21,2 -3,7 -7,3 -7,7 -2,9 26,8 -1,7 -52,5 -19,7 2,9 -34,6 -6,5 -6,6 -13,1 Finance Western Cape Eastern Cape Northern Cape Free State KwaZulu-Natal North West Gauteng Mpumalanga Limpopo 2 516 444 127 20 77 335 89 1 168 155 101 2 495 455 147 22 88 347 93 1 089 143 112 2 492 457 137 21 83 337 93 1 105 158 101 2 568 448 137 29 79 343 126 1 145 143 117 2 517 422 141 20 66 338 106 1 152 150 123 -50 -26 4 -9 -13 -5 -21 7 6 6 1 -21 14 0 -11 3 16 -16 -5 22 -2,0 -5,8 2,9 -31,2 -16,7 -1,4 -16,5 0,6 4,5 5,4 0,0 -4,8 11,1 -1,9 -14,3 0,7 18,4 -1,4 -3,4 21,6 Community and social services Western Cape Eastern Cape Northern Cape Free State KwaZulu-Natal North West Gauteng Mpumalanga Limpopo 3 574 492 388 109 198 580 212 1 026 240 328 3 622 491 381 101 210 593 227 1 020 248 352 3 679 473 378 116 206 631 245 1 043 239 347 3 792 542 396 107 201 624 267 1 038 258 360 3 759 521 384 106 198 626 283 1 026 274 341 -33 -21 -13 -1 -2 2 17 -12 16 -19 185 29 -4 -3 0 46 72 -1 34 13 -0,9 -3,9 -3,2 -0,5 -1,2 0,3 6,3 -1,2 6,2 -5,2 5,2 5,8 -1,1 -2,7 -0,2 7,8 33,8 -0,1 14,1 4,1 For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Year-on-year change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-on-year change Per cent STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 56 Table 3.2: Employed by industry and province (concluded) Private households Western Cape Eastern Cape Northern Cape Free State KwaZulu-Natal North West Gauteng Mpumalanga Limpopo Jan-Mar 2019 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand 1 301 1 251 1 286 139 107 25 112 232 84 378 103 140 124 25 92 226 70 351 110 120 115 For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-on-year change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-on-year change Per cent 1 286 1 316 30 15 2,3 1,2 144 127 30 100 231 74 366 106 142 129 26 97 212 75 395 103 145 122 24 89 233 72 418 105 3 -6 -2 -8 21 -3 23 3 6 16 -1 -23 0 -12 40 2 2,3 -4,8 -8,4 -8,3 9,9 -3,6 5,8 2,7 4,1 14,6 -4,1 -20,4 0,1 -14,5 10,7 2,0 108 108 107 -1 -13 -0,8 -10,7 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 57 Table 3.3: Employed by sector and industry – South Africa Jan-Mar Apr-Jun 2019 2019 Thousand Thousand Jul-Sep 2019 Thousand Oct-Dec 2019 Thousand Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-on-year change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-on-year change Per cent Total employed Formal and informal sector (nonagricultural) Mining Manufacturing Utilities Construction Trade Transport Finance Community and social services Other 16 291 16 313 16 375 16 420 16 383 -38 91 -0,2 0,6 14 154 14 219 14 209 14 249 14 202 -47 49 -0,3 0,3 417 1 780 150 1 339 3 345 1 025 2 516 3 574 7 381 1 789 151 1 363 3 429 983 2 495 3 622 6 419 1 760 133 1 339 3 408 975 2 492 3 679 5 430 1 720 120 1 350 3 249 1 011 2 568 3 792 9 436 1 706 116 1 343 3 320 995 2 517 3 759 11 6 -15 -4 -7 71 -17 -50 -33 2 18 -74 -34 5 -25 -30 1 185 4 1,5 -0,8 -3,5 -0,5 2,2 -1,7 -2,0 -0,9 26,8 4,4 -4,2 -22,9 0,3 -0,7 -2,9 0,0 5,2 52,6 Formal sector (non-agricultural) Mining Manufacturing Utilities Construction Trade Transport Finance Community and social services Other 11 220 412 1 545 142 885 2 167 704 2 256 3 102 7 11 172 376 1 563 148 866 2 156 680 2 248 3 130 5 11 214 410 1 523 131 856 2 178 681 2 225 3 205 5 11 331 424 1 488 112 894 2 117 680 2 282 3 325 9 11 282 426 1 472 110 881 2 159 678 2 255 3 289 11 -50 2 -16 -1 -13 42 -1 -27 -37 2 61 14 -73 -31 -4 -9 -25 -1 187 4 -0,4 0,5 -1,1 -1,3 -1,5 2,0 -0,2 -1,2 -1,1 26,8 0,5 3,4 -4,7 -22,1 -0,5 -0,4 -3,6 0,0 6,0 52,6 Informal sector (non-agricultural) Mining Manufacturing Utilities Construction Trade Transport Finance Community and social services Other 2 933 5 235 8 453 1 177 321 261 472 3 048 5 226 4 497 1 272 303 247 492 1 2 995 9 237 2 483 1 230 294 267 474 2 918 5 232 8 456 1 132 332 286 467 2 921 10 234 5 462 1 161 316 262 470 3 4 2 -3 6 29 -16 -23 3 -13 4 -1 -3 9 -16 -5 2 -2 0,1 75,9 0,7 -34,1 1,3 2,5 -4,7 -8,1 0,7 -0,4 78,8 -0,6 -36,6 1,9 -1,4 -1,5 0,6 -0,4 Agriculture Private households 837 1 301 842 1 251 880 1 286 885 1 286 865 1 316 -21 30 27 15 -2,3 2,3 3,3 1,2 For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 58 Table 3.4: Employed by province and sector Jan-Mar 2019 Thousand Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-on-year change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-on-year change Per cent South Africa Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 16 291 11 220 2 933 837 1 301 16 313 11 172 3 048 842 1 251 16 375 11 214 2 995 880 1 286 16 420 11 331 2 918 885 1 286 16 383 11 282 2 921 865 1 316 -38 -50 3 -21 30 91 61 -13 27 15 -0,2 -0,4 0,1 -2,3 2,3 0,6 0,5 -0,4 3,3 1,2 Western Cape Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 2 520 1 869 286 225 139 2 497 1 848 328 182 140 2 494 1 818 317 215 144 2 518 1 850 290 236 142 2 501 1 811 290 255 145 -17 -38 -1 19 3 -19 -58 3 30 6 -0,7 -2,1 -0,2 8,1 2,3 -0,8 -3,1 1,2 13,1 4,1 936 566 99 209 61 909 568 117 164 59 886 527 111 197 51 916 540 102 218 56 929 522 116 233 57 12 -19 14 15 2 -7 -44 17 24 -4 1,4 -3,4 13,8 7,0 2,8 -0,8 -7,8 17,0 11,5 -6,9 1 584 1 303 187 16 78 1 589 1 280 211 17 81 1 608 1 291 205 18 93 1 601 1 309 188 18 86 1 572 1 289 173 22 88 -29 -20 -15 4 2 -12 -13 -13 5 10 -1,8 -1,5 -7,9 21,8 1,9 -0,7 -1,0 -7,2 33,2 12,7 1 308 810 307 84 107 1 388 838 329 97 124 1 402 830 350 96 127 1 384 835 344 77 129 1 382 837 342 80 122 -3 2 -2 4 -6 74 27 35 -4 16 -0,2 0,2 -0,6 4,7 -4,8 5,7 3,4 11,5 -4,9 14,6 Western Cape – Non-metro Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households Western Cape – City of Cape Town Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households Eastern Cape Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 59 Table 3.4: Employed by province and sector (continued) Jan-Mar Apr-Jun 2019 2019 Thousand Thousand Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-on-year change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-on-year change Per cent Eastern Cape – Non-metro Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 732 403 194 72 63 810 429 224 87 71 809 423 233 80 72 772 415 228 63 66 769 416 215 69 68 -3 1 -12 6 2 37 14 22 -3 5 -0,4 0,3 -5,4 9,6 3,0 5,1 3,4 11,2 -4,3 7,7 Eastern Cape – Buffalo City Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 239 164 53 4 18 240 164 48 6 22 239 148 57 8 27 246 162 49 9 25 256 160 66 7 23 10 -2 17 -3 -2 17 -4 13 2 5 4,1 -1,4 34,8 -30,3 -7,8 6,9 -2,5 24,4 50,6 31,1 336 338 355 366 356 -10 20 -2,6 6,1 243 60 7 26 245 56 5 31 258 61 8 28 258 67 4 37 261 60 4 31 3 -7 0 -6 18 0 -3 5 1,2 -10,4 10,9 -16,5 7,4 0,7 -43,3 20,4 Northern Cape Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 321 218 38 41 25 301 204 39 33 25 322 224 35 33 30 335 232 41 36 26 336 241 31 41 24 1 8 -10 5 -2 15 23 -8 0 -1 0,2 3,5 -25,4 14,5 -8,4 4,5 10,5 -20,4 1,2 -4,1 Free State Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 803 488 143 60 112 808 511 146 60 92 795 511 128 56 100 785 490 132 66 97 756 469 136 62 89 -29 -21 4 -4 -8 -47 -19 -7 3 -23 -3,6 -4,3 3,2 -5,7 -8,3 -5,8 -4,0 -4,7 4,3 -20,4 Eastern Cape – Nelson Mandela Bay Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 60 Table 3.4: Employed by province and sector (continued) Jan-Mar Apr-Jun 2019 2019 Thousand Thousand Jul-Sep 2019 Thousand Oct-Dec 2019 Thousand Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-on-year change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-on-year change Per cent Free State – Non-metro Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 541 305 97 56 83 533 312 97 57 67 535 314 93 54 73 524 300 96 62 66 508 292 95 58 63 -16 -9 -1 -4 -3 -33 -14 -2 3 -20 -3,1 -2,9 -0,9 -6,0 -4,5 -6,1 -4,5 -2,1 5,3 -24,2 Free State – Mangaung Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 262 183 46 4 29 275 199 48 2 25 260 196 35 1 27 261 189 37 4 31 248 177 42 4 26 -12 -12 5 0 -5 -14 -6 -5 0 -3 -4,8 -6,5 13,8 0,2 -16,5 -5,2 -3,1 -10,3 -9,6 -9,6 2 598 1 759 472 134 232 2 635 1 782 493 134 226 2 674 1 805 495 143 231 2 664 1 824 466 162 212 2 672 1 779 527 133 233 8 -45 61 -29 21 74 20 55 -1 0 0,3 -2,5 13,1 -17,9 9,9 2,8 1,1 11,6 -0,9 0,1 KwaZulu-Natal – Non-metro Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 1 438 887 304 128 118 1 475 922 309 127 117 1 491 933 304 135 119 1 473 925 293 151 103 1 479 874 357 126 122 6 -52 64 -25 19 41 -14 53 -3 4 0,4 -5,6 21,7 -16,7 18,2 2,8 -1,5 17,4 -2,0 3,4 KwaZulu-Natal – eThekwini Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 1 160 872 168 6 114 1 159 860 184 7 109 1 183 872 191 8 113 1 191 899 173 11 108 1 193 905 170 7 111 2 7 -3 -4 2 33 34 2 1 -4 0,2 0,8 -1,6 -34,0 1,9 2,9 3,9 1,0 22,6 -3,2 KwaZulu-Natal Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 61 Table 3.4: Employed by province and sector (continued) Jan-Mar Apr-Jun 2019 2019 Thousand Thousand Jul-Sep 2019 Thousand Oct-Dec 2019 Thousand Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-on-year change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-on-year change Per cent North West Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 970 655 169 62 84 918 656 132 61 70 960 680 147 59 74 992 731 139 48 75 969 710 137 51 72 -23 -21 -2 3 -3 -1 55 -33 -11 -12 -2,3 -2,8 -1,6 6,3 -3,6 -0,1 8,4 -19,3 -17,8 -14,5 Gauteng Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 5 162 3 925 827 31 378 5 066 3 844 838 33 351 5 060 3 827 827 40 366 5 098 3 867 806 30 395 5 134 3 932 754 30 418 36 64 -52 1 23 -27 6 -73 -1 40 0,7 1,7 -6,4 2,1 5,8 -0,5 0,2 -8,8 -2,8 10,7 Gauteng – Non-metro Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 580 406 104 16 54 580 416 100 14 51 568 394 110 14 51 604 416 117 10 61 627 437 104 15 72 23 20 -13 5 11 47 31 0 -1 18 3,9 4,9 -11,0 52,4 17,9 8,1 7,6 -0,3 -7,2 32,8 Gauteng – Ekurhuleni Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 1 295 1 054 170 6 64 1 299 1 011 212 6 71 1 318 1 038 194 7 78 1 294 1 027 190 8 70 1 297 1 029 184 5 79 3 2 -6 -3 9 3 -26 15 -1 15 0,2 0,2 -2,9 -34,2 13,5 0,2 -2,4 8,6 -16,1 22,8 Gauteng – City of Johannesburg Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 2 008 1 399 421 3 184 1 950 1 389 386 3 172 1 914 1 349 384 10 170 1 945 1 377 373 2 193 1 947 1 418 343 3 183 2 41 -30 1 -10 -61 18 -78 0 -1 0,1 3,0 -8,1 40,4 -5,1 -3,0 1,3 -18,5 -3,0 -0,8 For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA Table 3.4: Employed by province and sector (concluded) Jan-Mar Apr-Jun 2019 2019 Thousand Thousand Gauteng – City of Tshwane Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households P0211 62 Jul-Sep 2019 Thousand Oct-Dec 2019 Thousand Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-on-year change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-on-year change Per cent 1 279 1 066 132 6 75 1 237 1 028 140 11 58 1 261 1 046 138 9 68 1 256 1 048 126 10 72 1 263 1 049 123 7 84 8 1 -3 -3 12 -16 -17 -9 1 9 0,6 0,1 -2,6 -25,6 17,4 -1,3 -1,6 -7,2 22,6 12,3 Mpumalanga Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 1 209 726 304 76 103 1 243 718 315 101 110 1 233 734 296 98 106 1 244 751 299 92 103 1 246 736 318 86 105 1 -15 19 -6 3 36 10 14 10 2 0,1 -1,9 6,2 -6,0 2,7 3,0 1,4 4,6 13,4 2,0 Limpopo Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 1 401 771 386 124 120 1 456 771 428 141 115 1 435 786 401 140 108 1 400 752 400 140 108 1 387 768 386 126 107 -13 15 -14 -14 -1 -15 -4 0 2 -13 -0,9 2,1 -3,4 -9,8 -0,8 -1,0 -0,5 0,1 1,5 -10,7 For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 63 Table 3.5: Employed by sex and occupation – South Africa Jan-Mar Apr-Jun 2019 2019 Thousand Thousand Jul-Sep 2019 Thousand Oct-Dec 2019 Thousand Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-on-year change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-on-year change Per cent Both sexes Manager Professional Technician Clerk Sales and services Skilled agriculture Craft and related trade Plant and machine operator Elementary Domestic worker 16 291 1 463 884 1 448 1 679 2 667 47 1 972 1 380 3 737 1 013 16 313 1 528 840 1 436 1 708 2 687 54 1 957 1 386 3 721 995 16 375 1 436 962 1 395 1 696 2 777 66 1 912 1 343 3 759 1 027 16 420 1 440 970 1 401 1 733 2 738 79 1 907 1 374 3 762 1 013 16 383 1 444 948 1 357 1 674 2 753 69 1 940 1 385 3 806 1 004 -38 4 -22 -44 -59 15 -10 33 11 44 -9 91 -19 65 -91 -5 85 22 -31 5 70 -9 -0,2 0,3 -2,2 -3,2 -3,4 0,5 -12,4 1,7 0,8 1,2 -0,9 0,6 -1,3 7,3 -6,3 -0,3 3,2 46,9 -1,6 0,4 1,9 -0,9 Women Manager Professional Technician Clerk Sales and services Skilled agriculture Craft and related trade Plant and machine operator Elementary Domestic worker 7 192 415 479 779 1 222 1 329 7 229 189 1 567 974 7 133 469 441 763 1 229 1 286 8 226 171 1 588 953 7 242 453 509 743 1 217 1 335 14 228 170 1 596 972 7 220 447 514 742 1 256 1 287 23 230 167 1 600 954 7 234 453 510 729 1 200 1 325 17 236 172 1 639 954 14 6 -4 -12 -55 37 -6 6 5 39 0 42 38 30 -50 -22 -4 10 7 -18 72 -20 0,2 1,3 -0,8 -1,7 -4,4 2,9 -24,6 2,6 2,9 2,5 0,0 0,6 9,1 6,3 -6,4 -1,8 -0,3 155,1 3,0 -9,4 4,6 -2,1 Men Manager Professional Technician Clerk Sales and services Skilled agriculture Craft and related trade Plant and machine operator Elementary Domestic worker 9 100 1 049 404 669 457 1 339 40 1 742 1 191 2 169 39 9 180 1 059 398 674 479 1 401 46 1 731 1 215 2 133 41 9 133 983 452 652 478 1 441 51 1 684 1 173 2 163 54 9 201 993 456 659 477 1 451 56 1 677 1 208 2 162 59 9 149 992 439 627 474 1 428 52 1 704 1 214 2 167 50 -52 -1 -18 -32 -3 -23 -4 27 6 5 -9 49 -57 34 -41 17 90 12 -38 23 -2 11 -0,6 -0,2 -3,8 -4,8 -0,7 -1,6 -7,5 1,6 0,5 0,2 -14,8 0,5 -5,4 8,5 -6,1 3,7 6,7 29,0 -2,2 1,9 -0,1 26,8 For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 64 Table 3.6: Employed by sex and status in employment – South Africa Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep 2019 2019 2019 Thousand Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-on-year change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-on-year change Per cent Both sexes Employee Employer Own-account worker Unpaid household member 16 291 13 735 832 1 617 107 16 313 13 653 901 1 657 102 16 375 13 739 941 1 609 86 16 420 13 868 898 1 589 65 16 383 13 789 866 1 647 81 -38 -79 -32 57 16 91 54 34 29 -25 -0,2 -0,6 -3,6 3,6 24,8 0,6 0,4 4,0 1,8 -23,6 Women Employee Employer Own-account worker Unpaid household member 7 192 6 288 150 674 80 7 133 6 183 182 698 70 7 242 6 268 209 703 61 7 220 6 313 209 656 41 7 234 6 307 199 683 44 14 -6 -10 27 4 42 19 49 9 -35 0,2 -0,1 -4,9 4,1 8,7 0,6 0,3 32,7 1,4 -44,4 Men Employee Employer Own-account worker Unpaid household member 9 100 7 447 682 943 27 9 180 7 470 719 959 32 9 133 7 471 732 905 24 9 201 7 555 689 933 25 9 149 7 481 667 963 37 -52 -73 -22 30 13 49 34 -15 20 10 -0,6 -1,0 -3,2 3,3 51,4 0,5 0,5 -2,3 2,1 37,9 For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 65 Table 3.7: Employed by sex and usual hours of work – South Africa Jan-Mar Apr-Jun 2019 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Both sexes Working less than 15 hours per week Working 15–29 hours per week Working 30–39 hours per week Working 40–45 hours per week Working more than 45 hours per week 16 291 337 1 195 1 091 9 048 4 620 16 313 345 1 141 1 119 8 897 4 811 16 375 370 1 170 1 109 8 885 4 842 16 420 409 1 172 1 069 8 892 4 879 16 383 366 1 145 1 108 8 953 4 809 -38 -43 -26 39 61 -70 91 29 -50 17 -95 189 -0,2 -10,5 -2,2 3,6 0,7 -1,4 0,6 8,5 -4,2 1,5 -1,1 4,1 Women Working less than 15 hours per week Working 15–29 hours per week Working 30–39 hours per week Working 40–45 hours per week Working more than 45 hours per week 7 192 186 754 694 4 028 1 530 7 133 214 725 685 3 907 1 601 7 242 220 734 679 3 949 1 660 7 220 218 746 642 3 983 1 631 7 234 201 741 689 3 987 1 615 14 -17 -5 47 4 -16 42 15 -13 -6 -40 85 0,2 -7,6 -0,7 7,3 0,1 -1,0 0,6 8,2 -1,8 -0,8 -1,0 5,6 Men Working less than 15 hours per week Working 15–29 hours per week Working 30–39 hours per week Working 40–45 hours per week Working more than 45 hours per week 9 100 151 441 397 5 021 3 090 9 180 131 416 434 4 990 3 209 9 133 150 436 429 4 936 3 182 9 201 191 426 427 4 908 3 248 9 149 165 405 419 4 966 3 194 -52 -26 -21 -8 57 -54 49 14 -36 22 -55 104 -0,6 -13,8 -4,9 -1,9 1,2 -1,7 0,5 9,0 -8,2 5,6 -1,1 3,4 For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Year-on-year change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-on-year change Per cent STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 66 Table 3.8: Conditions of employment – South Africa Jan-Mar 2019 Thousand Apr-Jun 2019 Thousand Jul-Sep 2019 Thousand Oct-Dec 2019 Thousand 13 735 6 588 6 884 264 13 653 6 597 6 758 299 13 739 6 634 6 850 255 13 868 6 690 6 907 270 Women Yes No Don't know 6 288 2 783 3 402 103 6 183 2 828 3 247 108 6 268 2 908 3 249 111 Men Yes No Don't know 7 447 3 804 3 482 161 7 470 3 769 3 510 190 13 735 9 188 4 438 109 Women Yes No Don't know Men Yes No Don't know Pension/retirement fund contribution Both sexes Yes No Don't know Entitled to any paid leave Both sexes Yes No Don't know Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-on-year change Thousand 13 789 6 611 6 911 266 -79 -78 4 -4 54 24 27 2 -0,6 -1,2 0,1 -1,5 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,9 6 313 2 911 3 273 129 6 307 2 873 3 314 121 -6 -38 41 -8 19 90 -88 18 -0,1 -1,3 1,2 -6,4 0,3 3,2 -2,6 17,0 7 471 3 726 3 601 144 7 555 3 779 3 634 142 7 481 3 738 3 597 146 -73 -40 -37 4 34 -66 115 -15 -1,0 -1,1 -1,0 2,9 0,5 -1,7 3,3 -9,4 13 653 9 113 4 395 145 13 739 9 071 4 548 120 13 868 9 110 4 648 111 13 789 9 101 4 557 131 -79 -8 -91 20 54 -87 119 22 -0,6 -0,1 -1,9 18,0 0,4 -0,9 2,7 20,2 6 288 4 055 2 186 48 6 183 4 039 2 094 50 6 268 4 072 2 151 45 6 313 4 075 2 185 53 6 307 4 072 2 182 53 -6 -3 -3 0 19 17 -4 6 -0,1 -0,1 -0,1 0,3 0,3 0,4 -0,2 12,3 7 447 5 134 2 252 61 7 470 5 074 2 301 95 7 471 4 999 2 397 75 7 555 5 035 2 462 57 7 481 5 030 2 375 77 -73 -5 -88 20 34 -104 122 16 -1,0 -0,1 -3,6 34,3 0,5 -2,0 5,4 26,3 For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-on-year change Per cent STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 67 Table 3.8: Conditions of employment – South Africa (continued) Jan-Mar 2019 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand 13 735 9 849 3 886 13 653 9 695 3 958 13 739 9 777 3 962 13 868 9 817 4 051 13 789 9 934 3 855 Women 6 288 6 183 6 268 6 313 6 307 Yes No 4 358 1 931 4 316 1 867 4 374 1 895 4 404 1 909 4 458 1 849 Men 7 447 7 470 7 471 7 555 7 481 Yes No 5 492 1 955 5 378 2 091 5 403 2 068 5 413 2 141 5 476 2 006 Entitled to paid sick leave Both sexes Yes No Entitled to maternity/paternity leave Both sexes Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-on-year change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-on-year change Per cent -79 117 -196 54 85 -31 -0,6 1,2 -4,8 0,4 0,9 -0,8 -6 19 -0,1 0,3 54 -60 100 -81 1,2 -3,1 2,3 -4,2 -73 34 -1,0 0,5 63 -136 -16 50 1,2 -6,3 -0,3 2,6 13 735 13 653 13 739 13 868 13 789 -79 54 -0,6 0,4 Yes No 8 029 5 706 7 805 5 848 7 955 5 784 7 932 5 936 8 035 5 754 103 -182 6 48 1,3 -3,1 0,1 0,8 Women Yes No 6 288 3 713 2 575 6 183 3 656 2 528 6 268 3 764 2 504 6 313 3 771 2 542 6 307 3 809 2 498 -6 38 -44 19 96 -77 -0,1 1,0 -1,7 0,3 2,6 -3,0 Men Yes No 7 447 4 316 7 470 4 150 7 471 4 191 7 555 4 160 7 481 4 225 -73 65 34 -91 -1,0 1,6 0,5 -2,1 3 131 3 320 3 280 3 394 3 256 -138 125 -4,1 4,0 For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA Table 3.8: Conditions of employment – South Africa (continued) Jan-Mar Apr-Jun 2019 2019 Thousand Thousand UIF contribution Both sexes Yes No Don't know P0211 68 Jul-Sep 2019 Thousand Oct-Dec 2019 Thousand Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-on-year change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-on-year change Per cent 13 735 8 418 5 048 269 13 653 8 303 5 060 291 13 739 8 300 5 174 265 13 868 8 535 5 135 198 13 789 8 466 5 071 252 -79 -68 -64 53 54 48 23 -18 -0,6 -0,8 -1,2 26,9 0,4 0,6 0,5 -6,6 Women Yes No Don't know 6 288 3 550 2 615 123 6 183 3 476 2 574 134 6 268 3 509 2 640 119 6 313 3 663 2 551 99 6 307 3 614 2 586 107 -6 -50 35 9 19 64 -29 -16 -0,1 -1,4 1,4 8,8 0,3 1,8 -1,1 -12,6 Men Yes No Don't know 7 447 4 868 2 433 146 7 470 4 827 2 486 157 7 471 4 791 2 534 146 7 555 4 871 2 584 100 7 481 4 852 2 485 144 -73 -19 -99 45 34 -16 52 -2 -1,0 -0,4 -3,8 44,9 0,5 -0,3 2,1 -1,5 13 735 4 007 9 582 146 13 653 4 076 9 420 157 13 739 4 091 9 513 135 13 868 4 051 9 681 136 13 789 4 008 9 658 123 -79 -43 -24 -12 54 1 76 -23 -0,6 -1,1 -0,2 -9,1 0,4 0,0 0,8 -15,8 Women Yes No Don't know 6 288 1 725 4 506 57 6 183 1 807 4 306 71 6 268 1 869 4 350 49 6 313 1 842 4 412 60 6 307 1 857 4 398 53 -6 15 -14 -7 19 131 -108 -5 -0,1 0,8 -0,3 -11,9 0,3 7,6 -2,4 -8,1 Men Yes No Don't know 7 447 2 282 5 077 89 7 470 2 269 5 115 86 7 471 2 221 5 164 86 7 555 2 209 5 270 76 7 481 2 151 5 260 71 -73 -58 -10 -5 34 -130 183 -18 -1,0 -2,6 -0,2 -7,0 0,5 -5,7 3,6 -20,7 Medical aid benefits Both sexes Yes No Don't know For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA Table 3.8: Conditions of employment – South Africa (continued) Jan-Mar Apr-Jun 2019 2019 Thousand Thousand Income tax (PAYE/SITE) deduction Both sexes Yes No Don't know P0211 69 Jul-Sep 2019 Thousand Oct-Dec 2019 Thousand Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-on-year change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-on-year change Per cent 13 735 7 488 5 935 313 13 653 7 407 5 882 364 13 739 7 504 5 887 349 13 868 7 537 5 950 381 13 789 7 543 5 894 352 -79 5 -55 -29 54 55 -40 39 -0,6 0,1 -0,9 -7,6 0,4 0,7 -0,7 12,5 Women Yes No Don't know 6 288 3 192 2 980 117 6 183 3 151 2 885 146 6 268 3 278 2 847 143 6 313 3 258 2 888 168 6 307 3 272 2 896 139 -6 14 9 -29 19 80 -83 22 -0,1 0,4 0,3 -17,1 0,3 2,5 -2,8 19,0 Men Yes No Don't know 7 447 4 296 2 955 196 7 470 4 256 2 997 217 7 471 4 225 3 040 206 7 555 4 280 3 062 213 7 481 4 271 2 998 213 -73 -9 -64 0 34 -25 43 17 -1,0 -0,2 -2,1 -0,1 0,5 -0,6 1,5 8,7 13 735 11 092 2 643 13 653 10 900 2 753 13 739 10 992 2 747 13 868 11 185 2 683 13 789 11 115 2 674 -79 -70 -9 54 23 31 -0,6 -0,6 -0,3 0,4 0,2 1,2 Women Written contract Verbal agreement 6 288 5 041 1 247 6 183 4 951 1 232 6 268 5 043 1 225 6 313 5 129 1 185 6 307 5 078 1 229 -6 -51 45 19 37 -18 -0,1 -1,0 3,8 0,3 0,7 -1,4 Men Written contract Verbal agreement 7 447 6 051 7 470 5 948 7 471 5 949 7 555 6 056 7 481 6 037 -73 -20 34 -15 -1,0 -0,3 0,5 -0,2 1 396 1 521 1 522 1 498 1 445 -53 49 -3,6 3,5 Condition of employment Both sexes Written contract Verbal agreement For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA Table 3.8: Conditions of employment – South Africa (continued) Jan-Mar Apr-Jun 2019 2019 Thousand Thousand Nature of contract/agreement (both sexes) Both sexes Limited duration Permanent nature Unspecified duration P0211 70 Jul-Sep 2019 Thousand Oct-Dec 2019 Thousand Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-on-year change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-on-year change Per cent 13 735 1 812 8 480 3 443 13 653 1 826 8 403 3 424 13 739 1 814 8 428 3 497 13 868 1 846 8 495 3 527 13 789 1 895 8 401 3 493 -79 49 -94 -34 54 83 -79 50 -0,6 2,7 -1,1 -1,0 0,4 4,6 -0,9 1,5 Women Limited duration Permanent nature Unspecified duration 6 288 950 3 700 1 638 6 183 939 3 719 1 526 6 268 908 3 781 1 579 6 313 944 3 781 1 589 6 307 955 3 760 1 592 -6 11 -21 3 19 5 60 -46 -0,1 1,2 -0,6 0,2 0,3 0,5 1,6 -2,8 Men Limited duration Permanent nature Unspecified duration 7 447 862 4 780 1 805 7 470 887 4 684 1 899 7 471 906 4 647 1 918 7 555 902 4 714 1 938 7 481 940 4 641 1 901 -74 38 -73 -37 34 78 -139 96 -1,0 4,2 -1,5 -1,9 0,5 9,0 -2,9 5,3 13 735 3 978 9 329 429 13 653 3 931 9 250 472 13 739 4 078 9 222 439 13 868 4 071 9 363 434 13 789 4 043 9 370 376 -79 -28 7 -58 54 65 41 -53 -0,6 -0,7 0,1 -13,4 0,4 1,6 0,4 -12,4 Women Yes No Don't know 6 288 1 715 4 401 173 6 183 1 703 4 299 182 6 268 1 798 4 288 182 6 313 1 780 4 364 170 6 307 1 764 4 403 141 -6 -16 39 -29 19 49 2 -32 -0,1 -0,9 0,9 -17,1 0,3 2,9 0,0 -18,5 Men Yes No Don't know 7 447 2 263 4 928 256 7 470 2 228 4 951 290 7 471 2 280 4 934 257 7 555 2 291 4 999 265 7 481 2 280 4 967 235 -74 -11 -32 -30 34 17 39 -21 -1,0 -0,5 -0,6 -11,3 0,5 0,8 0,8 -8,2 Trade union membership (both sexes) Both sexes Yes No Don't know For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA Table 3.8: Conditions of employment – South Africa (concluded) Jan-Mar Apr-Jun 2019 2019 Thousand Thousand How annual salary increment is negotiated Both sexes Individual and employer Union and employer Bargaining council Employer only No regular increment Other P0211 71 Jul-Sep 2019 Thousand Oct-Dec 2019 Thousand Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-on-year change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-on-year change Per cent 13 735 1 176 3 064 1 057 7 449 920 70 13 653 1 220 2 973 1 112 7 383 853 113 13 739 1 297 3 123 1 122 7 255 835 108 13 868 1 336 3 084 1 117 7 448 807 76 13 789 1 304 3 130 1 091 7 375 824 65 -79 -32 46 -26 -73 17 -11 54 128 66 34 -74 -96 -5 -0,6 -2,4 1,5 -2,3 -1,0 2,1 -14,5 0,4 10,9 2,2 3,2 -1,0 -10,4 -7,1 Women 6 288 6 183 6 268 6 313 6 307 -6 19 -0,1 0,3 Individual and employer Union and employer Bargaining council Employer only No regular increment Other 502 1 268 547 3 539 410 23 533 1 207 587 3 420 386 50 576 1 338 583 3 327 408 36 570 1 276 594 3 473 375 27 585 1 294 567 3 439 397 26 15 18 -27 -34 22 -1 83 26 20 -100 -13 3 2,6 1,4 -4,5 -1,0 5,9 -3,7 16,5 2,1 3,7 -2,8 -3,2 13,0 Men Individual and employer Union and employer Bargaining council Employer only No regular increment Other 7 447 674 1 796 510 3 910 510 7 470 686 1 766 524 3 963 467 7 471 721 1 785 539 3 928 426 7 555 766 1 808 524 3 975 432 7 481 718 1 836 525 3 936 427 -74 -48 28 1 -39 -5 34 44 40 15 26 -83 -1,0 -6,3 1,5 0,2 -1,0 -1,2 0,5 6,5 2,2 2,9 0,7 -16,3 47 63 72 49 39 -10 -8 -20,4 -17,0 For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 72 Table 3.9: Time-related underemployment – South Africa Jan-Mar 2019 Thousand Apr-Jun 2019 Thousand Jul-Sep 2019 Thousand Oct-Dec 2019 Thousand Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-on-year change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-on-year change Per cent -0,1 -2,5 2,9 -2,4 -6,1 2,6 Both sexes Women Men 786 453 333 738 436 302 761 449 312 768 436 331 767 426 341 -1 -11 10 -19 -27 9 As percentage of the labour force (both sexes) Women Men 3,5 4,5 2,7 3,2 4,2 2,4 3,3 4,3 2,5 3,3 4,1 2,6 3,3 4,0 2,7 0,0 -0,1 0,1 -0,2 -0,5 0,0 As percentage of total employment (both sexes) Women Men 4,8 6,3 3,7 4,5 6,1 3,3 4,7 6,2 3,4 4,7 6,0 3,6 4,7 5,9 3,7 0,0 -0,1 0,1 -0,1 -0,4 0,0 Industry Agriculture Mining Manufacturing Utilities Construction Trade Transport Finance Community and social services Private households 786 24 2 31 738 23 761 24 767 21 -1 -7 -19 -4 -0,1 -25,6 -2,4 -14,8 33 34 768 28 1 42 -17 -6 -40,7 -20,0 83 121 18 63 193 250 72 123 25 61 174 228 88 146 14 54 165 236 93 122 24 60 181 217 25 0 92 127 21 58 194 229 0 6 -3 -3 13 12 9 6 2 -6 1 -21 -0,3 4,5 -13,1 -4,4 7,0 5,3 11,1 5,2 11,3 -8,8 0,5 -8,3 Occupation Manager Professional Technician Clerk Sales and services Skilled agriculture Craft and related trade Plant and machine operator Elementary Domestic worker 786 15 7 43 19 89 3 81 24 343 162 738 16 6 31 20 81 1 72 28 318 165 761 17 3 27 23 91 2 93 17 316 172 768 21 19 31 20 97 3 93 22 303 159 767 18 11 18 11 91 3 111 15 328 163 -1 -3 -8 -14 -9 -6 -1 18 -7 25 4 -19 3 4 -25 -8 2 -1 30 -9 -15 1 -0,1 -16,3 -41,2 -43,5 -46,9 -6,1 -20,8 19,7 -33,6 8,4 2,2 -2,4 16,7 62,9 -58,9 -43,6 1,7 -24,6 37,0 -39,0 -4,3 0,7 For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 73 Table 4: Characteristics of the unemployed – South Africa Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-onyear change Thousand 6 726 1 989 317 2 646 290 1 484 7 070 2 051 321 2 788 350 1 559 344 62 4 142 60 75 869 107 25 336 42 360 5,1 3,1 1,3 5,4 20,7 5,1 14,0 5,5 8,3 13,7 13,6 30,0 6 734 4 773 1 961 6 726 4 931 1 795 7 070 5 071 1 999 344 139 204 869 793 76 5,1 2,8 11,4 14,0 18,5 4,0 20,7 71,5 20,7 70,9 21,3 73,3 21,6 71,7 0,3 -1,6 2,6 2,7 2 685 69 47 149 301 453 10 431 216 830 179 2 754 47 50 174 273 482 12 473 193 887 164 2 596 57 42 131 291 441 5 457 190 803 179 1 2 722 69 41 143 333 416 3 475 217 836 188 127 12 -1 13 42 -25 -2 19 27 33 10 173 13 -16 26 29 -8 -3 53 5 52 21 4,9 20,9 -1,8 9,7 14,4 -5,7 -35,9 4,1 14,5 4,1 5,4 6,8 23,2 -27,4 21,8 9,7 -1,9 -42,6 12,5 2,4 6,7 12,4 Jan-Mar 2019 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Unemployed Job losers Job leavers New entrants Re-entrants Other 6 201 1 945 296 2 452 308 1 199 6 655 2 050 306 2 590 330 1 380 6 734 2 107 310 2 527 337 1 453 Unemployed Long-term unemployment (1 year and more) Short-term unemployment (less than 1 year) 6 201 4 278 1 923 6 655 4 757 1 898 19,0 69,0 2 549 56 57 118 304 424 6 423 212 783 167 Long-term unemployment (%) Proportion of the labour force Proportion of the unemployed Those who have worked in the past 5 years Previous occupation Manager Professional Technician Clerk Sales and services Skilled agriculture Craft and related trade Plant and machine operator Elementary Domestic worker Other For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-onyear change Per cent STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 74 Table 4: Characteristics of the unemployed – South Africa (concluded) Previous industry Agriculture Mining Manufacturing Utilities Construction Trade Transport Finance Community and social services Private households Other Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Year-onyear change Per cent 2 549 2 685 2 754 2 596 2 722 127 173 4,9 6,8 124 52 254 16 451 575 139 366 342 231 150 45 321 15 444 604 130 360 371 245 147 38 303 21 478 601 134 397 409 226 147 38 302 15 409 578 134 376 364 231 1 135 36 315 18 464 569 155 430 357 244 -13 -2 13 4 54 -10 21 54 -7 12 11 -15 61 2 13 -6 17 64 16 12 -8,6 -4,2 4,2 24,3 13,2 -1,7 15,8 14,4 -1,8 5,3 8,7 -29,6 23,9 12,7 2,8 -1,1 12,0 17,3 4,6 5,3 For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Jan-Mar 2019 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 75 Table 5: Characteristics of the not economically active – South Africa Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent -1,0 -2,4 -4,9 0,3 -0,5 2,2 6,6 Jan-Mar 2019 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand 15 791 6 135 2 602 1 640 1 543 2 997 874 15 465 6 278 2 516 1 554 1 501 2 749 867 15 474 6 307 2 604 1 451 1 498 2 793 820 15 581 6 235 2 574 1 498 1 547 2 855 872 15 422 6 083 2 448 1 504 1 540 2 918 929 -159 -151 -126 5 -7 63 58 -369 -52 -154 -136 -3 -79 55 Inactivity rate by age (both sexes) 15–24 yrs 25–54 yrs 55–64 yrs 41,2 75,2 24,3 56,3 40,2 74,0 23,5 54,7 40,1 74,4 23,1 55,5 40,2 73,8 23,6 55,5 39,7 72,8 23,2 55,3 -0,5 -1,0 -0,4 -0,2 -1,5 -2,4 -1,1 -1,0 Inactivity rate by age (women) 15–24 yrs 25–54 yrs 55–64 yrs 47,4 77,8 31,5 63,9 46,5 76,6 30,9 62,5 46,2 76,8 30,2 63,0 46,2 76,1 30,6 63,2 45,5 75,2 29,9 63,0 -0,7 -0,9 -0,7 -0,2 -1,9 -2,6 -1,6 -0,9 Inactivity rate by age (men) 15–24 yrs 25–54 yrs 55–64 yrs 35,0 72,6 17,1 46,8 33,8 71,4 16,2 45,2 33,9 71,9 16,0 46,1 34,1 71,5 16,6 46,0 33,7 70,4 16,6 45,9 -0,4 -1,1 0,0 -0,1 -1,3 -2,2 -0,5 -0,9 Not economically active Student Homemaker Illness/disability Too old/young to work Discouraged work-seekers Other Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Year-onyear change Per cent -2,3 -0,8 -5,9 -8,3 -0,2 -2,6 6,3 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 76 Table 6: Sociodemographic characteristics – South Africa Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Age group of the employed 15–24 yrs 25–34 yrs 35–44 yrs 45–54 yrs 55–64 yrs Age group of the unemployed 15–24 yrs 25–34 yrs 35–44 yrs 45–54 yrs 55–64 yrs Age group of the not economically active 15–24 yrs 25–34 yrs 35–44 yrs 45–54 yrs 55–64 yrs Highest level of education of the employed No schooling Less than primary completed Primary completed Secondary not completed Secondary completed Tertiary Other Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Jan-Mar 2019 Year-onyear change Per cent 16 291 1 143 4 851 5 090 3 666 1 540 16 313 1 168 4 797 5 088 3 661 1 599 16 375 1 102 4 803 5 174 3 702 1 595 16 420 1 127 4 839 5 143 3 695 1 616 16 383 1 143 4 747 5 126 3 747 1 619 -38 16 -92 -17 52 3 91 0 -104 36 81 78 -0,2 1,5 -1,9 -0,3 1,4 0,2 0,6 0,0 -2,1 0,7 2,2 5,1 6 201 1 409 2 524 1 414 679 174 6 655 1 511 2 655 1 545 758 187 6 734 1 536 2 716 1 538 768 175 6 726 1 565 2 673 1 538 786 164 7 070 1 647 2 828 1 619 797 179 344 82 155 81 10 16 869 237 304 205 117 6 5,1 5,2 5,8 5,2 1,3 9,7 14,0 16,8 12,0 14,5 17,2 3,3 15 791 7 745 2 659 1 710 1 473 2 203 15 465 7 614 2 619 1 622 1 451 2 159 15 474 7 648 2 586 1 583 1 453 2 203 15 581 7 588 2 627 1 654 1 493 2 219 15 422 7 483 2 598 1 631 1 482 2 227 -159 -105 -29 -23 -10 8 -369 -262 -61 -79 9 24 -1,0 -1,4 -1,1 -1,4 -0,7 0,3 -2,3 -3,4 -2,3 -4,6 0,6 1,1 16 291 16 313 16 375 16 420 16 383 -38 91 -0,2 0,6 303 913 652 5 363 5 325 3 533 202 295 961 624 5 361 5 347 3 511 214 291 957 622 5 360 5 416 3 526 203 270 960 587 5 323 5 532 3 592 156 232 939 573 5 440 5 483 3 531 183 -38 -21 -14 117 -49 -61 28 -71 26 -79 77 158 -1 -18 -14,0 -2,2 -2,3 2,2 -0,9 -1,7 17,9 -23,5 2,8 -12,1 1,4 3,0 0,0 -9,1 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 77 Table 6: Sociodemographic characteristics – South Africa (continued) Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Jan-Mar 2019 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Year-onyear change Per cent 6 201 75 337 237 2 825 2 142 547 37 6 655 80 353 270 3 102 2 224 596 30 6 734 72 353 241 3 128 2 298 606 37 6 726 59 351 276 3 085 2 336 579 40 7 070 84 334 242 3 224 2 504 633 48 344 24 -16 -34 140 168 54 7 869 9 -3 4 399 362 86 11 5,1 41,3 -4,6 -12,3 4,5 7,2 9,3 18,1 14,0 12,1 -0,9 1,8 14,1 16,9 15,8 29,3 Highest level of education of the not economically active No schooling Less than primary completed Primary completed Secondary not completed Secondary completed Tertiary Other 15 791 616 1 387 899 8 280 3 790 662 156 15 465 575 1 396 934 8 142 3 616 647 155 15 474 590 1 445 960 8 180 3 489 652 158 15 581 551 1 456 996 8 281 3 452 689 156 15 422 539 1 324 876 7 998 3 804 718 163 -159 -12 -132 -120 -283 351 29 7 -369 -77 -63 -22 -283 13 56 8 -1,0 -2,2 -9,0 -12,0 -3,4 10,2 4,3 4,4 -2,3 -12,5 -4,5 -2,5 -3,4 0,3 8,4 4,9 Employed Attending educational institution Not attending educational institution 16 291 326 15 965 16 313 350 15 963 16 375 359 16 016 16 420 335 16 085 16 383 300 16 083 -38 -35 -2 91 -26 117 -0,2 -10,6 0,0 0,6 -8,1 0,7 Unemployed Attending educational institution Not attending educational institution 6 201 108 6 092 6 655 124 6 531 6 734 128 6 606 6 726 155 6 571 7 070 141 6 929 344 -14 358 869 32 837 5,1 -9,2 5,4 14,0 29,7 13,7 Not economically active Attending educational institution Not attending educational institution 15 791 6 015 9 775 15 465 6 126 9 339 15 474 6 184 9 290 15 581 6 181 9 400 15 422 5 945 9 477 -159 -236 77 -369 -70 -299 -1,0 -3,8 0,8 -2,3 -1,2 -3,1 Highest level of education of the unemployed No schooling Less than primary completed Primary completed Secondary not completed Secondary completed Tertiary Other Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 78 Table 6: Sociodemographic characteristics – South Africa (concluded) Current marital status of the employed Married Living together like husband and wife Widow/widower Divorced or separated Never married Current marital status of the unemployed Married Living together like husband and wife Widow/widower Divorced or separated Never married Current marital status of the not economically active Married Living together like husband and wife Widow/widower Divorced or separated Never married Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent 16 420 6 318 2 027 418 491 7 167 16 383 6 270 2 017 406 466 7 223 -38 -48 -10 -12 -24 56 91 32 -15 -82 -44 199 -0,2 -0,8 -0,5 -2,8 -4,9 0,8 0,6 0,5 -0,7 -16,7 -8,6 2,8 6 734 6 726 7 070 344 869 5,1 14,0 1 026 720 79 113 4 796 1 047 717 80 109 4 774 1 049 745 82 99 5 095 2 28 2 -10 321 106 48 -1 13 703 0,2 3,9 3,0 -8,9 6,7 11,2 6,9 -0,9 14,8 16,0 15 465 2 737 798 572 254 15 474 2 722 844 599 237 15 581 2 721 845 617 248 15 422 2 683 827 595 294 -159 -38 -19 -22 46 -369 -115 -39 -38 41 -1,0 -1,4 -2,2 -3,6 18,7 -2,3 -4,1 -4,5 -6,1 16,4 11 105 11 071 11 149 11 022 -127 -218 -1,1 -1,9 Jan-Mar 2019 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand 16 291 6 238 2 032 488 510 7 024 16 313 6 283 2 047 487 523 6 973 16 375 6 393 2 031 470 483 6 999 6 201 6 655 943 697 83 87 4 392 1 039 731 86 92 4 708 15 791 2 798 866 634 253 11 241 Year-onyear change Per cent STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 79 Table 7: Profile of those not in employment, education or training – South Africa Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-Dec 2019 2019 2019 2019 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-on-year change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-on-year change Per cent Both sexes Women Men 15 868 9 048 6 820 15 870 9 086 6 783 15 895 9 028 6 868 15 971 9 109 6 863 16 406 9 319 7 087 434 210 224 538 271 267 2,7 2,3 3,3 3,4 3,0 3,9 Age group 15–24 yrs 25–34 yrs 35–44 yrs 45–54 yrs 55–64 yrs 15 868 3 423 4 843 3 083 2 144 2 375 15 870 3 327 4 883 3 120 2 197 2 343 15 895 3 324 4 919 3 066 2 208 2 377 15 971 3 286 4 901 3 135 2 267 2 382 16 406 3 498 5 031 3 201 2 269 2 406 434 212 129 66 2 25 538 76 188 118 125 32 2,7 6,5 2,6 2,1 0,1 1,0 3,4 2,2 3,9 3,8 5,8 1,3 Population groups Black/African Coloured Indian/Asian White 15 868 13 399 1 377 368 724 15 870 13 384 1 386 367 732 15 895 13 499 1 338 347 711 15 971 13 488 1 390 376 717 16 406 13 918 1 430 366 691 434 430 40 -10 -26 538 520 53 -2 -33 2,7 3,2 2,9 -2,6 -3,6 3,4 3,9 3,9 -0,6 -4,5 South Africa Western Cape Eastern Cape Northern Cape Free State KwaZulu-Natal North West Gauteng Mpumalanga Limpopo 15 868 1 535 2 157 366 773 3 256 1 237 3 730 1 216 1 599 15 870 1 589 2 053 384 799 3 183 1 262 3 849 1 215 1 535 15 895 1 563 2 035 371 809 3 183 1 224 3 858 1 249 1 603 15 971 1 561 2 064 358 805 3 201 1 208 3 889 1 245 1 640 16 406 1 604 2 106 371 838 3 314 1 267 3 973 1 259 1 675 434 43 42 13 33 113 59 85 14 34 538 69 -51 5 65 58 30 243 43 76 2,7 2,7 2,0 3,5 4,1 3,5 4,9 2,2 1,1 2,1 3,4 4,5 -2,4 1,4 8,5 1,8 2,4 6,5 3,6 4,8 Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 80 Table 8: Involvement in non-market activities and labour market status by province South Africa Subsistence farming Fetching water or collecting wood/dung Producing other goods for household use Construction or major repairs to own or household' Hunting or fishing for household use Involvement in at least one activity Employed Unemployed Not economically active Western Cape Subsistence farming Fetching water or collecting wood/dung Producing other goods for household use Construction or major repairs to own or household' Hunting or fishing for household use Involvement in at least one activity Employed Unemployed Not economically active Eastern Cape Subsistence farming Fetching water or collecting wood/dung Producing other goods for household use Construction or major repairs to own or household' Hunting or fishing for household use Involvement in at least one activity Employed Unemployed Not economically active Year-onyear change Thousand 2 058 4 238 213 438 31 5 543 1 583 1 088 2 872 2 357 4 142 157 430 55 5 633 1 698 1 169 2 765 298 -96 -56 -8 23 90 115 82 -106 303 -78 -32 -6 26 43 42 256 -255 14,5 -2,3 -26,1 -1,9 75,7 1,6 7,2 7,5 -3,7 14,7 -1,8 -16,7 -1,3 92,0 0,8 2,6 28,0 -8,4 8 83 1 4 105 -5 22 0 8 -55,1 26,9 12,1 8,3 92 42 21 29 5 114 70 24 20 22 28 3 -9 14 15 1 -2 24,0 68,0 13,2 -31,3 13,5 27,1 5,0 -11,1 612 1 120 18 219 10 1 423 346 353 724 817 825 17 196 13 1 323 334 354 634 205 -295 0 -23 2 -101 -12 1 -89 166 -99 0 15 11 43 38 79 -74 33,6 -26,4 -2,8 -10,6 21,7 -7,1 -3,4 0,2 -12,3 25,6 -10,7 0,4 8,0 639,3 3,4 12,7 28,8 -10,4 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand 2 054 4 220 189 435 28 5 589 1 656 913 3 020 1 907 3 990 164 437 35 5 319 1 587 1 007 2 725 1 725 4 433 184 409 22 5 589 1 623 1 124 2 841 3 97 5 74 2 4 75 100 55 23 22 80 38 19 23 2 79 34 20 25 651 923 17 181 2 1 280 297 275 708 539 830 9 199 4 1 146 304 260 581 435 1 232 13 171 4 1 446 352 312 782 For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Jan-Mar 2019 Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent Year-onyear change Per cent STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 81 Table 8: Involvement in non-market activities and labour market status by province (continued) Jan-Mar 2019 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand 12 105 1 3 115 23 19 73 16 115 1 1 1 127 16 26 85 18 140 1 4 2 150 31 33 86 Free State Subsistence farming Fetching water or collecting wood/dung Producing other goods for household use Construction or major repairs to own or household' Hunting or fishing for household use Involvement in at least one activity Employed Unemployed Not economically active 120 46 0 3 8 167 73 52 42 125 35 2 3 2 155 71 47 37 KwaZulu-Natal Subsistence farming Fetching water or collecting wood/dung Producing other goods for household use Construction or major repairs to own or household Hunting or fishing for household use Involvement in at least one activity Employed Unemployed Not economically active 837 1 152 134 75 10 1 738 514 204 1 020 843 1 073 121 92 19 1 695 476 255 965 Northern Cape Subsistence farming Fetching water or collecting wood/dung Producing other goods for household use Construction or major repairs to own or household' Hunting or fishing for household use Involvement in at least one activity Employed Unemployed Not economically active For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Year-onyear change Per cent Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent 20 104 2 2 1 116 24 34 58 13 110 2 1 1 120 26 37 58 -7 6 0 0 0 4 2 2 0 1 5 1 9,5 4,7 100,9 -2 5 3 18 -16 -35,6 6,1 -16,7 -20,6 -2,4 3,6 8,0 7,3 -0,4 111 48 1 8 4 162 74 53 36 169 78 5 14 1 241 97 59 86 191 141 4 7 1 292 115 78 99 22 64 0 -7 0 51 18 20 13 71 96 4 4 -7 125 42 26 57 12,9 82,1 -10,1 -51,5 93,4 21,2 19,1 33,2 15,3 59,6 209,4 962,2 130,9 -87,3 74,8 57,5 50,5 135,2 739 1 186 131 91 7 1 713 473 292 948 829 1 257 141 96 12 1 786 465 265 1 056 819 1 440 108 96 16 1 913 516 334 1 062 -11 184 -34 0 4 126 51 69 6 -18 288 -26 21 7 174 2 130 42 -1,3 14,6 -23,9 -0,1 32,7 7,1 11,0 26,0 0,6 -2,1 25,0 -19,7 28,7 71,0 10,0 0,4 63,7 4,1 -56,1 4,7 14,1 94,5 -21,4 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 82 Table 8: Involvement in non-market activities and labour market status by province (continued) Jan-Mar 2019 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand 31 549 1 68 558 163 52 343 28 416 1 64 1 426 125 54 247 30 316 1 59 2 333 94 46 192 Gauteng Subsistence farming Fetching water or collecting wood/dung Producing other goods for household use Construction or major repairs to own or household Hunting or fishing for household use Involvement in at least one activity Employed Unemployed Not economically active 29 114 15 43 1 174 95 48 31 49 166 9 29 5 242 122 81 39 Mpumalanga Subsistence farming Fetching water or collecting wood/dung Producing other goods for household use Construction or major repairs to own or household Hunting or fishing for household use Involvement in at least one activity Employed Unemployed Not economically active 146 421 21 2 1 530 153 136 242 86 463 16 8 North West Subsistence farming Fetching water or collecting wood/dung Producing other goods for household use Construction or major repairs to own or household Hunting or fishing for household use Involvement in at least one activity Employed Unemployed Not economically active For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 529 151 167 211 Year-onyear change Per cent Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-on-year change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent 20 306 4 35 23 305 3 35 3 -2 -2 0 -8 -245 2 -33 16,9 -0,5 -37,3 0,8 -26,0 -44,5 140,6 -48,4 311 95 38 179 314 83 58 172 2 -11 20 -6 -244 -80 6 -171 0,8 -12,1 53,2 -3,6 -43,8 -48,9 11,4 -49,8 36 121 7 26 1 179 88 56 34 22 85 7 25 3 128 68 40 20 28 87 8 44 4 147 80 48 20 6 1 1 19 1 19 11 8 -1 -1 -27 -7 1 3 -27 -15 0 -11 26,5 1,4 18,4 77,1 24,2 14,6 16,3 20,8 -3,2 -2,5 -23,8 -44,7 3,0 256,5 -15,5 -16,1 -0,6 -36,9 115 513 27 5 1 612 182 196 234 130 421 33 17 1 542 163 153 227 139 408 15 4 3 515 181 112 222 9 -13 -18 -13 2 -27 18 -41 -5 -7 -13 -6 2 2 -15 29 -24 -20 7,2 -3,2 -55,7 -76,2 276,2 -5,0 11,2 -26,7 -2,0 -5,0 -3,0 -28,6 113,4 445,0 -2,8 18,7 -17,5 -8,2 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 83 Table 8: Involvement in non-market activities and labour market status by province (concluded) Limpopo Subsistence farming Fetching water or collecting wood/dung Producing other goods for household use Construction or major repairs to own or household Hunting or fishing for household use Involvement in at least one activity Employed Unemployed Not economically active Jan-Mar 2019 Apr-Jun 2019 Jul-Sep 2019 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand 226 813 217 817 4 41 3 919 284 98 537 248 784 2 31 2 902 284 124 323 721 1 41 16 895 64 4 926 284 104 538 For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates. Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 239 802 3 42 3 914 295 117 503 493 293 123 478 Qtr-to-qtr change Thousand Year-onyear change Thousand Qtr-to-qtr change Per cent 75 -63 -1 11 97 -92 30,1 -8,0 -43,4 34,6 624,3 -0,8 3,1 -0,4 -3,1 14 -7 9 -1 -15 -22 12 -31 9 20 -60 Year-onyear change Per cent 43,1 -11,3 -34,8 277,3 -3,4 3,1 18,8 -11,1 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 84 Appendix 2 Table 2A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by sex Coefficient of variation Oct-Dec Jan-Mar Qtr-to-qtr 2019 2020 change Both sexes Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Formal sector (non-agriculture) Informal sector (non-agriculture) Agriculture Private households Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Women Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Formal sector (non-agriculture) Informal sector (non-agriculture) Agriculture Private households Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 0,5 0,6 0,9 2,2 5,3 2,7 1,9 0,8 3,2 0,9 0,6 0,7 0,9 2,3 5,5 2,8 1,8 0,8 3,0 0,9 306 -38 -50 3 -21 30 344 -159 63 -222 101 -209 -208 -116 -95 -33 140 -364 -81 -402 510 133 109 121 54 92 547 45 206 -43 0,00 0,67 0,54 0,97 0,59 0,35 0,00 0,13 0,39 0,02 1,6 0,6 0,5 1,5 0,7 0,6 1,0 -0,3 0,5 0,4 -0,7 0,0 1,8 0,2 1,1 0,00 0,25 0,04 0,8 0,9 1,2 3,4 9,3 3,1 2,2 1,0 3,9 1,0 0,8 1,0 1,3 3,2 10,1 2,7 2,0 0,9 3,3 1,0 183 14 -52 67 -15 14 168 -112 62 -174 52 -103 -152 2 -46 -44 56 -243 -31 -301 314 132 48 133 17 72 281 19 156 -47 0,01 0,81 0,31 0,04 0,36 0,65 0,00 0,09 0,19 0,01 1,8 0,9 0,8 1,7 1,0 0,8 1,1 0,0 0,7 0,1 -0,7 0,1 2,0 0,5 1,4 0,03 0,84 0,03 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 85 Table 2A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by sex (concluded) Coefficient of variation Oct-Dec Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Men Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Formal sector (non-agriculture) Informal sector (non-agriculture) Agriculture Private households Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 0,6 0,8 1,2 2,7 5,4 6,5 2,3 1,1 3,9 1,1 0,6 0,8 1,1 2,9 5,2 6,9 2,2 1,2 3,9 1,2 123 -52 3 -65 -6 16 175 -48 1 -48 -15 -183 -123 -160 -63 -21 31 -185 -92 -159 261 79 129 31 51 53 319 90 93 62 0,08 0,44 0,97 0,18 0,84 0,39 0,02 0,50 0,99 0,39 2,0 0,8 0,6 1,9 0,8 0,6 1,1 -0,5 0,4 0,1 -1,1 -0,3 2,1 0,2 1,1 0,03 0,19 0,30 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA Table 2.1A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by population group Coefficient of variation Oct-Dec Jan-Mar Qtr-to-qtr 2019 2020 change South Africa Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Black/African Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Coloured Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 P0211 86 Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 0,5 0,6 1,9 0,8 0,6 0,7 1,8 0,8 306 -38 344 -159 101 -209 140 -364 510 133 547 45 0,00 0,67 0,00 0,13 1,6 0,6 0,5 1,5 0,7 0,6 1,0 -0,3 0,5 0,4 -0,7 0,0 1,8 0,2 1,1 0,00 0,25 0,04 0,6 0,8 2,1 0,9 0,6 0,8 1,9 0,9 318 -47 365 -172 133 -194 182 -357 503 99 549 12 0,00 0,52 0,00 0,07 1,7 0,8 0,6 1,6 0,8 0,6 1,4 -0,3 0,7 0,6 -0,8 0,2 2,2 0,1 1,3 0,00 0,16 0,01 1,4 1,3 4,9 2,6 2,0 1,9 6,8 3,4 -42 -13 -29 50 -111 -64 -102 -19 27 39 43 119 0,23 0,64 0,43 0,16 4,0 1,3 1,4 5,6 1,9 2,0 -0,9 -0,5 -1,3 -3,6 -2,0 -3,3 1,9 1,0 0,6 0,54 0,54 0,18 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 87 Table 2.1A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by population group (concluded) Coefficient of variation Oct-Dec Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Indian/Asian Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate White Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 2,2 2,7 16,3 3,3 2,1 3,0 12,5 3,2 7 12 -4 -5 -26 -17 -31 -38 40 41 22 28 0,67 0,43 0,74 0,77 15,4 2,7 2,2 12,6 3,0 2,1 -0,9 1,1 0,6 -4,9 -1,8 -2,7 3,1 3,9 3,9 0,66 0,48 0,73 1,3 1,4 11,2 2,9 1,4 1,5 12,3 3,2 23 11 12 -31 -21 -36 -21 -75 66 57 45 12 0,31 0,65 0,48 0,16 10,8 1,4 1,3 11,8 1,5 1,4 0,5 0,6 1,0 -1,1 -1,0 -0,5 2,1 2,1 2,5 0,53 0,49 0,20 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA Table 2.3A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province Coefficient of variation Oct-Dec Jan-Mar Qtr-to-qtr 2019 2020 change South Africa Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Western Cape Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 P0211 88 Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 0,5 0,6 1,9 0,8 3,2 0,9 0,6 0,7 1,8 0,8 3,0 0,9 306 -38 344 -159 63 -222 101 -209 140 -364 -81 -402 510 133 547 45 206 -43 0,00 0,67 0,00 0,13 0,39 0,02 1,6 0,6 0,5 1,5 0,7 0,6 1,0 -0,3 0,5 0,4 -0,7 0,0 1,8 0,2 1,1 0,00 0,25 0,04 1,3 1,3 4,2 2,7 17,2 2,5 1,5 1,4 5,3 3,0 26,9 2,3 -19 -17 -3 42 30 12 -93 -77 -75 -32 -22 -36 54 43 70 115 82 60 0,61 0,58 0,95 0,27 0,26 0,63 3,6 1,3 1,3 4,5 1,4 1,5 0,0 -0,6 -0,7 -2,0 -1,9 -2,3 2,0 0,7 0,8 0,96 0,35 0,36 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 89 Table 2.3A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued) Coefficient of variation Oct-Dec Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Western Cape – Non-metro Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Western Cape – City of Cape Town Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 2,4 1,4 11,2 4,5 23,4 4,2 3,4 2,6 13,8 6,7 35,5 4,8 22 12 9 -13 24 -37 -48 -34 -51 -83 -26 -82 92 59 69 57 74 8 0,55 0,60 0,76 0,72 0,35 0,11 9,1 1,4 2,4 11,4 2,6 3,4 0,5 0,5 1,0 -4,0 -2,2 -3,2 5,0 3,2 5,0 0,84 0,74 0,65 1,5 1,9 3,8 3,4 21,5 3,3 1,3 1,7 4,4 2,7 26,2 2,6 -41 -29 -12 55 6 49 -68 -66 -50 28 -7 26 -14 8 26 81 18 72 0,00 0,12 0,55 0,00 0,36 0,00 3,6 1,9 1,5 4,1 1,7 1,3 -0,1 -1,2 -1,6 -1,9 -2,5 -2,6 1,7 0,0 -0,8 0,90 0,06 0,00 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 90 Table 2.3A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued) Coefficient of variation Oct-Dec Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Eastern Cape Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Eastern Cape – Non-metro Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 2,0 2,7 4,5 2,2 9,3 2,5 1,9 2,9 4,5 2,2 8,5 2,2 32 -3 35 -20 41 -62 -62 -78 -37 -114 -22 -154 126 73 106 74 104 31 0,50 0,94 0,34 0,67 0,20 0,19 3,6 2,7 2,0 3,8 2,9 1,9 1,0 -0,2 0,6 -1,5 -1,9 -1,6 3,4 1,6 2,8 0,44 0,87 0,59 2,8 4,1 5,9 2,4 9,7 2,7 3,0 4,3 6,0 2,7 8,7 2,6 25 -3 28 -18 46 -64 -59 -60 -34 -102 -16 -146 109 54 91 66 109 18 0,55 0,92 0,38 0,67 0,14 0,12 4,7 4,1 2,8 4,7 4,3 3,0 1,2 -0,2 0,7 -1,9 -2,1 -2,1 4,4 1,8 3,6 0,44 0,87 0,61 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 91 Table 2.3A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued) Coefficient of variation Oct-Dec Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Eastern Cape – Buffalo City Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Eastern Cape – Nelson Mandela Bay Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 2,5 5,0 10,8 5,5 34,7 5,8 2,8 5,4 11,6 6,5 36,4 6,5 7 10 -3 -6 0 -6 -11 -12 -27 -24 -3 -22 25 32 21 12 3 11 0,43 0,37 0,82 0,52 0,93 0,51 10,2 5,0 2,5 11,1 5,4 2,8 -1,4 1,8 1,2 -7,5 -2,4 -2,2 4,7 6,0 4,6 0,66 0,41 0,49 4,2 4,9 9,0 8,5 39,9 8,9 2,4 5,5 7,0 4,7 55,0 5,1 0 -10 9 3 -5 8 -40 -54 -17 -37 -14 -33 40 34 35 43 4 50 0,99 0,67 0,48 0,87 0,27 0,69 7,0 4,9 4,2 7,5 5,5 2,4 1,7 -1,4 -0,2 -3,2 -6,6 -5,1 6,6 4,0 4,5 0,50 0,62 0,91 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 92 Table 2.3A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued) Coefficient of variation Oct-Dec Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Northern Cape Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Free State Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 2,7 5,0 9,0 3,6 11,6 3,2 2,9 6,2 11,4 3,8 7,7 4,1 2 1 1 0 4 -4 -16 -21 -23 -17 -13 -22 19 23 24 17 22 13 0,86 0,95 0,95 0,97 0,62 0,64 9,4 5,0 2,7 12,2 6,2 2,9 0,1 0,0 0,1 -4,7 -2,7 -2,1 4,9 2,7 2,2 0,97 1,00 0,96 1,7 2,6 5,1 3,0 8,8 2,7 1,6 2,7 4,7 2,9 8,2 3,4 21 -29 49 -19 -13 -6 -22 -63 7 -62 -36 -40 63 6 92 24 10 28 0,34 0,10 0,02 0,38 0,27 0,73 4,4 2,6 1,7 4,0 2,7 1,6 3,4 -1,5 1,1 0,6 -3,3 -1,2 6,2 0,3 3,3 0,02 0,09 0,37 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 93 Table 2.3A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued) Coefficient of variation Oct-Dec Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Free State – Non-metro Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Free State – Mangaung Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 2,0 2,9 6,6 3,3 9,4 3,1 2,1 1,7 5,5 3,6 8,1 3,4 27 -16 43 -28 -15 -13 -11 -46 4 -65 -30 -43 64 13 82 10 1 17 0,16 0,28 0,03 0,15 0,06 0,39 5,4 2,9 2,0 3,8 1,7 2,1 3,9 -1,1 2,0 0,2 -3,4 -0,8 7,4 1,0 4,8 0,04 0,30 0,15 3,3 5,0 6,8 6,6 20,7 5,5 2,6 7,4 8,5 4,9 18,9 8,7 -6 -12 6 9 2 7 -26 -30 -10 -11 -16 -9 14 5 23 29 19 23 0,56 0,17 0,45 0,39 0,86 0,37 6,9 5,0 3,3 10,6 7,4 2,6 2,2 -2,5 -1,4 -1,7 -5,6 -5,0 6,2 0,7 2,2 0,27 0,13 0,45 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 94 Table 2.3A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued) Coefficient of variation Oct-Dec Jan-Mar 2019 2020 KwaZulu-Natal Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate KwaZulu-Natal – Non-metro Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 2,0 2,0 6,9 2,0 6,6 2,6 2,1 2,2 6,7 2,2 6,7 2,6 102 8 94 -76 -3 -73 6 -73 1 -172 -71 -171 198 89 186 21 65 25 0,04 0,85 0,05 0,12 0,94 0,14 5,7 2,0 2,0 5,5 2,2 2,1 1,9 0,0 1,3 -0,3 -1,2 -0,1 4,1 1,1 2,6 0,09 0,97 0,07 3,1 3,5 9,3 2,4 7,5 3,5 3,5 3,7 10,0 2,9 7,4 3,5 76 6 70 -56 23 -80 -1 -69 -11 -134 -42 -155 153 80 152 21 88 -5 0,05 0,88 0,09 0,15 0,48 0,04 7,8 3,5 3,1 8,0 3,7 3,5 2,3 0,0 1,5 -1,1 -1,6 -0,2 5,7 1,6 3,1 0,18 0,99 0,09 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 95 Table 2.3A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued) Coefficient of variation Oct-Dec Jan-Mar 2019 2020 KwaZulu-Natal – eThekwini Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate North West Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 1,9 1,5 9,4 3,0 14,1 2,7 1,3 1,9 4,1 2,2 15,8 3,3 26 2 23 -19 -26 7 -30 -30 -19 -75 -47 -56 81 35 66 36 -5 70 0,36 0,89 0,28 0,50 0,01 0,83 7,9 1,5 1,9 4,0 1,9 1,3 1,2 -0,1 0,9 -1,1 -1,4 -1,4 3,5 1,3 3,1 0,31 0,96 0,44 3,6 3,5 11,7 4,1 13,3 3,6 2,3 3,5 7,0 2,9 9,6 2,4 59 -23 82 -49 -41 -7 -14 -72 16 -122 -98 -59 132 27 148 24 16 44 0,11 0,37 0,02 0,19 0,16 0,78 9,3 3,5 3,6 6,2 3,5 2,3 4,4 -1,0 2,0 0,7 -2,9 -0,8 8,2 0,9 4,8 0,02 0,29 0,15 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 96 Table 2.3A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued) Coefficient of variation Oct-Dec Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Gauteng Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Gauteng – Non-metro Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 0,8 1,2 2,9 1,9 8,9 1,9 0,9 1,3 2,9 2,3 7,9 2,3 119 36 83 -69 37 -107 13 -62 -19 -176 -19 -201 225 134 184 37 94 -12 0,03 0,47 0,11 0,20 0,20 0,03 2,6 1,2 0,8 2,5 1,3 0,9 0,6 0,2 0,8 -0,6 -0,8 -0,2 1,8 1,1 1,8 0,31 0,81 0,12 1,7 3,0 9,3 2,9 14,8 4,9 2,3 3,3 6,2 4,5 18,0 4,2 46 23 22 -43 -2 -41 17 -10 -11 -71 -38 -76 74 57 55 -15 34 -6 0,00 0,17 0,18 0,00 0,91 0,02 8,4 3,0 1,7 5,7 3,3 2,3 1,0 1,6 3,3 -2,6 -0,8 1,2 4,6 4,1 5,3 0,58 0,19 0,00 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 97 Table 2.3A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued) Coefficient of variation Oct-Dec Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Gauteng – Ekurhuleni Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Gauteng – City of Johannesburg Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 1,3 2,2 4,3 3,5 17,2 3,5 1,7 2,8 3,9 4,7 9,3 5,0 21 3 18 -13 21 -34 -36 -27 -33 -70 -7 -84 78 34 69 45 50 16 0,47 0,84 0,49 0,67 0,14 0,18 3,9 2,2 1,3 4,0 2,8 1,7 0,6 0,0 0,6 -1,3 -1,2 -1,6 2,5 1,1 2,8 0,55 0,94 0,61 1,4 2,3 4,2 3,9 19,8 3,8 1,8 2,4 4,9 4,9 16,2 4,7 0 2 -1 24 1 23 -72 -77 -64 -49 -25 -39 73 81 61 96 27 84 0,99 0,97 0,96 0,52 0,93 0,47 3,9 2,3 1,4 4,1 2,4 1,8 0,0 -0,3 -0,4 -2,1 -2,3 -2,3 2,0 1,8 1,4 0,96 0,80 0,64 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 98 Table 2.3A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued) Coefficient of variation Oct-Dec Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Gauteng – City of Tshwane Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Mpumalanga Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 1,9 2,1 7,8 3,8 19,6 3,5 1,8 2,0 7,5 4,0 17,8 4,5 52 8 44 -37 17 -54 -4 -43 -9 -92 -3 -103 107 59 97 18 36 -5 0,07 0,77 0,11 0,19 0,09 0,03 6,6 2,1 1,9 6,2 2,0 1,8 1,7 0,1 1,6 -1,0 -1,9 -0,5 4,3 2,0 3,8 0,21 0,98 0,14 1,7 2,2 6,3 2,9 10,3 2,6 1,9 2,1 6,2 3,2 9,3 3,4 -4 1 -6 15 4 11 -50 -29 -56 -31 -21 -35 42 32 45 61 30 56 0,86 0,94 0,83 0,52 0,74 0,64 5,2 2,2 1,7 4,9 2,1 1,9 -0,3 -0,1 -0,4 -2,3 -1,2 -1,9 1,9 0,9 1,2 0,84 0,83 0,63 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 99 Table 2.3A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (concluded) Coefficient of variation Oct-Dec Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Limpopo Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 2,4 2,7 8,6 2,2 5,5 2,9 2,3 3,1 7,9 2,1 5,5 2,9 -5 -13 8 17 3 14 -55 -66 -49 -34 -40 -49 46 40 65 67 46 76 0,86 0,63 0,78 0,52 0,89 0,67 7,5 2,7 2,4 7,3 3,1 2,3 0,5 -0,5 -0,3 -2,4 -1,9 -1,6 3,4 0,9 1,1 0,72 0,52 0,69 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 100 Table 3.1A: Sampling variability for the employed by industry and sex Coefficient of variation Oct-Dec Jan-Mar Qtr-to-qtr 2019 2020 change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value Both sexes Agriculture Mining Manufacturing Utilities Construction Trade Transport Finance Community and social services Private households 0,6 5,3 8,6 2,9 12,3 3,2 2,1 3,5 2,2 1,8 2,7 0,7 5,5 7,8 2,8 12,1 3,2 2,2 3,6 2,3 1,9 2,8 -38 -21 6 -15 -4 -7 71 -17 -50 -33 30 -209 -95 -23 -99 -31 -84 -44 -78 -156 -143 -33 133 54 36 70 23 70 185 45 55 77 92 0,67 0,59 0,68 0,73 0,76 0,86 0,23 0,59 0,35 0,55 0,35 Women Agriculture Mining Manufacturing Utilities Construction Trade Transport Finance Community and social services Private households 0,9 9,3 11,9 4,6 20,7 8,9 2,9 8,6 3,6 2,1 3,1 1,0 10,1 15,1 5,4 18,1 8,6 3,0 9,0 3,5 2,1 2,7 14 -15 -8 -6 1 -1 71 -17 -9 -17 14 -103 -46 -25 -57 -10 -25 -8 -48 -70 -99 -44 132 17 8 45 11 23 149 15 51 64 72 0,81 0,36 0,33 0,82 0,92 0,93 0,08 0,30 0,76 0,67 0,65 Men Agriculture Mining Manufacturing Utilities Construction Trade Transport Finance Community and social services Private households 0,8 5,4 10,4 3,4 13,6 3,2 2,7 3,7 2,8 2,9 6,5 0,8 5,2 8,3 3,0 14,1 3,3 2,8 3,9 3,1 2,8 6,9 -52 -6 14 -9 -5 -6 0 0 -41 -16 16 -183 -63 -18 -71 -29 -78 -82 -56 -121 -82 -21 79 51 47 54 20 66 82 56 39 51 53 0,44 0,84 0,38 0,79 0,71 0,87 1,00 1,00 0,31 0,64 0,39 Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 101 Table 3.4A: Sampling variability for the employed by province and sector Coefficient of variation Oct-Dec Jan-Mar Qtr-to-qtr 2019 2020 change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value South Africa Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 0,6 0,9 2,2 5,3 2,7 0,7 0,9 2,3 5,5 2,8 -38 -50 3 -21 30 -209 -208 -116 -95 -33 133 109 121 54 92 0,67 0,54 0,97 0,59 0,35 Western Cape Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 1,3 2,2 7,2 8,5 6,7 1,4 1,9 8,0 10,1 7,2 -17 -38 -1 19 3 -77 -86 -32 -22 -23 43 9 31 60 29 0,58 0,11 0,97 0,36 0,81 Western Cape – Non-metro Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 1,4 4,0 12,3 8,8 12,4 2,6 4,2 13,0 10,7 9,7 12 -19 14 15 2 -34 -57 -11 -24 -11 59 20 39 55 14 0,60 0,34 0,27 0,45 0,80 Western Cape – City of Cape Town Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 1,9 2,6 8,8 32,4 7,8 1,7 2,2 9,9 29,5 10,2 -29 -20 -15 4 2 -66 -47 -34 -5 -21 8 8 4 13 24 0,12 0,16 0,13 0,40 0,89 Eastern Cape Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 2,7 3,4 5,0 15,0 10,0 2,9 3,7 7,3 9,7 8,9 -3 2 -2 4 -6 -78 -62 -51 -25 -28 73 66 47 32 16 0,94 0,95 0,93 0,80 0,59 Eastern Cape – Non-metro Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 4,1 5,4 6,2 17,3 16,1 4,3 5,2 9,3 10,2 11,0 -3 1 -12 6 2 -60 -45 -52 -22 -17 54 48 28 34 21 0,92 0,96 0,54 0,67 0,83 Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 102 Table 3.4A: Sampling variability for the employed by province and sector (continued) Coefficient of variation Oct-Dec Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value Eastern Cape – Buffalo City Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 5,0 5,5 13,2 31,8 17,8 5,4 10,1 17,9 45,5 23,0 10 -2 17 -3 -2 -12 -31 4 -6 -6 32 26 30 0 3 0,37 0,87 0,01 0,08 0,39 Eastern Cape – Nelson Mandela Bay Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 4,9 5,7 11,9 45,9 15,6 5,5 5,9 15,2 27,0 18,4 -10 3 -7 0 -6 -54 -28 -33 -1 -16 34 34 19 2 4 0,67 0,84 0,60 0,56 0,22 Northern Cape Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 5,0 8,0 13,8 41,3 14,6 6,2 8,9 17,0 21,4 14,3 1 8 -10 5 -2 -21 -10 -27 -11 -11 23 27 6 21 7 0,95 0,39 0,21 0,53 0,63 Free State Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 2,6 4,9 12,4 10,6 11,0 2,7 4,9 10,0 13,1 10,5 -29 -21 4 -4 -8 -63 -47 -17 -14 -26 6 5 26 7 10 0,10 0,11 0,70 0,49 0,37 Free State – Non-metro Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 2,9 7,4 15,6 11,1 14,1 1,7 6,2 14,3 13,8 12,2 -16 -9 -1 -4 -3 -46 -28 -17 -13 -17 13 10 15 6 11 0,28 0,37 0,92 0,45 0,68 Free State – Mangaung Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 5,0 4,2 19,2 33,5 16,7 7,4 7,8 4,7 36,4 20,5 -12 -12 5 0 -5 -30 -30 -9 -4 -16 5 5 20 4 5 0,17 0,17 0,49 1,00 0,34 Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 103 Table 3.4A: Sampling variability for the employed by province and sector (continued) Coefficient of variation Oct-Dec Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value KwaZulu-Natal Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 2,0 2,2 5,3 15,4 5,4 2,2 2,2 5,8 14,1 7,2 8 -45 61 -29 21 -73 -119 16 -71 -12 89 30 106 13 53 0,85 0,24 0,01 0,18 0,21 KwaZulu-Natal – Non-metro Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 3,5 3,9 6,9 16,4 7,9 3,7 3,9 7,6 14,8 10,8 6 -52 64 -25 19 -69 -116 24 -67 -6 80 12 103 16 43 0,88 0,11 0,00 0,23 0,13 KwaZulu-Natal – eThekwini Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 1,5 2,1 8,5 28,7 7,2 1,9 2,2 8,4 29,1 9,3 2 7 -3 -4 2 -30 -30 -23 -11 -19 35 44 18 3 23 0,89 0,72 0,79 0,29 0,85 North West Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 3,5 5,0 11,7 14,9 10,8 3,5 4,0 11,8 22,7 9,5 -23 -21 -2 3 -3 -72 -62 -29 -13 -17 27 21 25 19 11 0,37 0,33 0,88 0,72 0,70 Gauteng Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 1,2 1,5 4,3 20,8 5,5 1,3 1,6 4,2 32,3 5,6 36 64 -52 1 23 -62 -32 -111 -14 -6 134 161 8 15 52 0,47 0,19 0,09 0,93 0,12 Gauteng – Non-metro Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 3,0 3,9 5,3 33,5 19,9 3,3 3,9 8,4 57,9 17,3 23 20 -13 5 11 -10 -4 -29 -8 2 57 44 4 18 20 0,17 0,10 0,13 0,43 0,01 Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 104 Table 3.4A: Sampling variability for the employed by province and sector (concluded) Coefficient of variation Oct-Dec Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Qtr-to-qtr change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value Gauteng – Ekurhuleni Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 2,2 2,7 4,7 40,0 7,5 2,8 3,7 8,8 58,4 10,2 3 2 -6 -3 9 -27 -39 -32 -6 -6 34 43 21 0 24 0,84 0,92 0,68 0,07 0,22 Gauteng – City of Johannesburg Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 2,3 3,1 8,0 73,0 8,3 2,4 3,0 6,3 61,6 7,6 2 41 -30 1 -10 -77 -26 -77 -2 -26 81 108 17 4 6 0,97 0,23 0,21 0,60 0,23 Gauteng – City of Tshwane Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 2,1 2,1 11,6 39,7 8,6 2,0 2,5 11,6 45,4 14,3 8 1 -3 -3 12 -43 -60 -21 -8 -5 59 62 15 3 30 0,77 0,98 0,72 0,33 0,15 Mpumalanga Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 2,2 3,0 6,7 12,1 11,2 2,1 3,2 5,0 12,5 9,4 1 -15 19 -6 3 -29 -48 -19 -20 -9 32 19 56 9 14 0,94 0,39 0,33 0,45 0,64 Limpopo Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 2,7 4,4 6,4 17,3 9,5 3,1 3,9 5,4 20,8 8,3 -13 15 -14 -14 -1 -66 -27 -61 -24 -16 40 58 34 -4 14 0,63 0,47 0,57 0,01 0,91 Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 105 Table 3.5A: Sampling variability for the employed by sex and occupation Coefficient of variation Oct-Dec Jan-Mar Qtr-to-qtr 2019 2020 change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value Both sexes Manager Professional Technician Clerk Sales and services Skilled agriculture Craft and related trade Plant and machine operator Elementary Domestic worker 0,6 2,8 4,1 2,7 2,6 2,1 20,9 2,7 2,8 1,9 3,0 0,7 2,9 3,5 3,1 2,9 2,1 12,1 2,7 3,0 2,0 2,6 -38 4 -22 -44 -59 15 -10 33 11 44 -9 -209 -71 -86 -128 -138 -84 -43 -53 -66 -67 -64 133 79 42 40 21 114 23 119 88 156 47 0,67 0,91 0,51 0,30 0,15 0,77 0,56 0,45 0,78 0,44 0,76 Women Manager Professional Technician Clerk Sales and services Skilled agriculture Craft and related trade Plant and machine operator Elementary Domestic worker 0,9 5,0 5,3 3,3 3,0 2,8 28,0 6,5 7,3 3,0 3,1 1,0 5,0 4,5 3,9 3,1 2,9 23,8 7,7 8,1 3,2 2,6 14 6 -4 -12 -55 37 -6 6 5 39 0 -103 -32 -46 -64 -121 -31 -18 -26 -21 -37 -57 132 44 38 39 10 106 7 38 30 115 57 0,81 0,76 0,85 0,64 0,10 0,28 0,38 0,71 0,71 0,31 1,00 Men Manager Professional Technician Clerk Sales and services Skilled agriculture Craft and related trade Plant and machine operator Elementary Domestic worker 0,8 3,3 5,5 4,2 5,4 2,9 21,1 3,0 3,0 2,4 14,3 0,8 3,3 5,4 4,3 5,6 2,9 13,2 2,8 3,3 2,4 18,5 -52 -1 -18 -32 -3 -23 -4 27 6 5 -9 -183 -58 -62 -95 -48 -104 -28 -56 -66 -77 -27 79 55 27 31 42 58 20 110 78 87 10 0,44 0,96 0,44 0,32 0,89 0,58 0,73 0,52 0,87 0,91 0,35 Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA Table 2B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by sex Coefficient of variation Year-onJan-Mar Jan-Mar year 2019 2020 change Both sexes Population 15–64 yrs Labour force 0,5 0,6 960 Employed 0,6 0,7 91 Formal sector (non-agriculture) 1,0 0,9 61 Informal sector (non-agriculture) 2,2 2,3 -13 Agriculture 4,5 5,5 27 Private households 2,9 2,8 15 Unemployed 1,6 1,8 869 Not economically active 0,7 0,8 -369 Discouraged work-seekers 3,2 3,0 -79 Other (not economically active) 0,7 0,9 -290 Rates (%) 2,5 Unemployment rate 1,4 1,5 -0,5 Employed/population ratio (absorption) 0,6 0,7 1,5 Labour force participation rate 0,5 0,6 Women Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Formal sector (non-agriculture) Informal sector (non-agriculture) Agriculture Private households Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 P0211 106 Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 686 -172 -199 -186 -60 -79 619 -643 -291 -522 1234 354 322 160 115 109 1119 -95 132 -58 0,00 0,50 0,64 0,89 0,54 0,75 0,00 0,01 0,46 0,02 1,6 -1,1 0,9 3,5 0,3 2,3 0,00 0,23 0,00 0,7 1,0 1,4 3,0 7,0 3,3 2,3 0,8 3,5 0,9 0,8 1,0 1,3 3,2 10,1 2,7 2,0 0,9 3,3 1,0 524 42 68 -15 9 -20 481 -238 -60 -178 326 -149 -98 -111 -43 -100 319 -435 -190 -360 721 233 235 81 61 60 644 -40 70 4 0,00 0,67 0,42 0,75 0,73 0,62 0,00 0,02 0,37 0,06 2,0 1,0 0,7 1,7 1,0 0,8 3,1 -0,3 1,9 1,7 -1,3 0,9 4,5 0,7 2,9 0,00 0,51 0,00 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 107 able 2B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by sex (continued) Coefficient of variation Jan-Mar Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Men Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Formal sector (non-agriculture) Informal sector (non-agriculture) Agriculture Private households Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Year-onyear change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 0,5 0,7 1,1 2,7 4,9 5,6 1,9 1,0 4,1 1,1 0,6 0,8 1,1 2,9 5,2 6,9 2,2 1,2 3,9 1,2 436 49 -7 3 18 35 387 -131 -20 -112 267 -121 -190 -132 -45 -16 222 -300 -152 -253 606 219 176 138 82 86 553 38 112 30 0,00 0,57 0,94 0,97 0,57 0,17 0,00 0,13 0,77 0,12 1,7 0,7 0,5 1,9 0,8 0,6 2,2 -0,5 1,3 1,0 -1,4 0,4 3,3 0,4 2,1 0,00 0,26 0,01 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA Table 2.1B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by population group Coefficient of variation Year-onJan-Mar Jan-Mar year Lower 2019 2020 change 95% South Africa Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Black/African Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Coloured Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 P0211 108 Upper 95% P-value 0,5 0,6 1,6 0,7 0,6 0,7 1,8 0,8 960 91 869 -369 686 -172 619 -643 1234 354 1119 -95 0,00 0,50 0,00 0,01 1,4 0,6 0,5 1,5 0,7 0,6 2,5 -0,5 1,5 1,6 -1,1 0,9 3,5 0,3 2,3 0,00 0,23 0,00 0,5 0,7 1,7 0,7 0,6 0,8 1,9 0,9 902 116 786 -317 653 -126 555 -566 1151 359 1017 -67 0,00 0,35 0,00 0,01 1,5 0,7 0,5 1,6 0,8 0,6 2,7 -0,4 1,8 1,6 -1,1 1,0 3,8 0,4 2,6 0,00 0,35 0,00 1,5 1,7 6,0 2,5 2,0 1,9 6,8 3,4 -7 -44 37 39 -109 -127 -39 -62 94 39 113 141 0,89 0,29 0,34 0,45 5,4 1,7 1,5 5,6 1,9 2,0 1,8 -1,7 -0,7 -1,2 -4,1 -3,7 4,7 0,7 2,1 0,24 0,16 0,60 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 109 Table 2.1B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by population group (concluded) Coefficient of variation Jan-Mar Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Indian/Asian Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate White Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Year-onyear change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 2,7 3,6 15,6 3,8 2,1 3,0 12,5 3,2 24 11 13 -15 -18 -37 -15 -57 65 59 40 26 0,26 0,65 0,36 0,47 15,8 3,6 2,7 12,6 3,0 2,1 1,6 0,7 1,9 -3,0 -4,1 -2,3 6,2 5,4 6,0 0,48 0,79 0,38 1,6 1,8 11,5 3,2 1,4 1,5 12,3 3,2 41 8 33 -76 -30 -66 -22 -148 113 82 88 -5 0,25 0,83 0,23 0,04 11,4 1,8 1,6 11,8 1,5 1,4 1,5 1,1 2,2 -1,1 -1,5 -0,2 4,2 3,5 4,6 0,26 0,42 0,07 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA Table 2.3B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province Coefficient of variation Year-onJan-Mar Jan-Mar year 2019 2020 change South Africa Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Western Cape Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 P0211 110 Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 0,5 0,6 1,6 0,7 3,2 0,7 0,6 0,7 1,8 0,8 3,0 0,9 960 91 869 -369 -79 -290 686 -172 619 -643 -291 -522 1234 354 1119 -95 132 -58 0,00 0,50 0,00 0,01 0,46 0,02 1,4 0,6 0,5 1,5 0,7 0,6 2,5 -0,5 1,5 1,6 -1,1 0,9 3,5 0,3 2,3 0,00 0,23 0,00 1,1 1,4 5,0 2,4 27,6 2,1 1,5 1,4 5,3 3,0 26,9 2,3 33 -19 52 56 23 32 -78 -105 -24 -56 -40 -52 145 67 128 167 87 117 0,56 0,66 0,18 0,32 0,47 0,45 4,5 1,4 1,1 4,5 1,4 1,5 1,4 -1,4 -0,6 -0,6 -3,3 -3,0 3,5 0,4 1,8 0,16 0,13 0,64 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 111 Table 2.3B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued) Coefficient of variation Jan-Mar Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Western Cape – Non-metro Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Western Cape – City of Cape Town Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Year-onyear change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 2,0 2,6 11,3 4,0 38,0 2,7 3,4 2,6 13,8 6,7 35,5 4,8 14 -7 21 21 20 0 -75 -80 -28 -69 -41 -53 103 65 71 110 82 53 0,76 0,84 0,40 0,65 0,52 0,99 10,8 2,6 2,0 11,4 2,6 3,4 1,7 -1,5 -0,5 -2,0 -5,8 -5,8 5,4 2,7 4,7 0,37 0,47 0,84 1,4 1,5 5,0 2,9 29,3 3,0 1,3 1,7 4,4 2,7 26,2 2,6 19 -12 31 35 3 32 -50 -57 -23 -34 -9 -38 89 34 85 105 15 103 0,58 0,62 0,26 0,32 0,63 0,37 4,4 1,5 1,4 4,1 1,7 1,3 1,3 -1,4 -0,6 -0,9 -2,9 -3,0 3,5 0,2 1,8 0,23 0,08 0,62 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 112 Table 2.3B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued) Coefficient of variation Jan-Mar Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Eastern Cape Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Eastern Cape – Non-metro Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Year-onyear change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 2,0 2,4 4,5 1,9 8,0 2,7 1,9 2,9 4,5 2,2 8,5 2,2 232 74 158 -184 -44 -140 119 -14 68 -296 -120 -247 344 162 247 -72 33 -34 0,00 0,10 0,00 0,00 0,26 0,01 3,5 2,4 2,0 3,8 2,9 1,9 3,1 1,3 4,9 -0,1 -0,7 2,2 6,2 3,4 7,4 0,06 0,19 0,00 2,9 3,6 6,5 2,1 7,8 2,9 3,0 4,3 6,0 2,7 8,7 2,6 179 37 142 -150 -16 -134 80 -30 63 -250 -87 -222 279 104 222 -50 56 -46 0,00 0,28 0,00 0,00 0,67 0,00 4,9 3,6 2,9 4,7 4,3 3,0 5,0 1,0 5,6 0,8 -1,3 2,3 9,2 3,3 9,0 0,02 0,38 0,00 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 113 Table 2.3B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued) Coefficient of variation Jan-Mar Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Eastern Cape – Buffalo City Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Eastern Cape – Nelson Mandela Bay Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Year-onyear change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 2,7 2,9 6,2 4,5 38,4 11,6 2,8 5,4 11,6 6,5 36,4 6,5 41 17 25 -35 -31 -5 20 -13 1 -56 -57 -40 62 46 49 -14 -5 31 0,00 0,27 0,04 0,00 0,02 0,79 5,1 2,9 2,7 11,1 5,4 2,8 3,8 2,7 7,2 -2,8 -3,0 3,2 10,4 8,3 11,2 0,26 0,35 0,00 3,7 4,8 7,2 7,3 94,9 7,4 2,4 5,5 7,0 4,7 55,0 5,1 11 20 -9 1 3 -1 -38 -28 -44 -47 -2 -52 60 69 25 50 7 49 0,66 0,41 0,58 0,96 0,23 0,96 5,7 4,8 3,7 7,5 5,5 2,4 -2,4 1,8 0,4 -8,3 -4,0 -5,6 3,4 7,7 6,3 0,41 0,54 0,91 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 114 Table 2.3B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued) Coefficient of variation Jan-Mar Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Northern Cape Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Free State Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Year-onyear change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 3,3 4,7 3,0 3,9 6,9 5,1 2,9 6,2 11,4 3,8 7,7 4,1 26 15 11 -18 -13 -5 13 -20 -16 -31 -23 -20 39 49 38 -5 -3 10 0,00 0,41 0,41 0,01 0,01 0,51 4,7 4,7 3,3 12,2 6,2 2,9 1,0 1,5 2,7 -5,3 -2,9 1,1 7,3 5,7 4,3 0,75 0,52 0,00 1,5 2,8 6,4 2,8 16,9 2,5 1,6 2,7 4,7 2,9 8,2 3,4 -5 -47 42 13 22 -10 -47 -91 -19 -29 -4 -53 37 -2 102 54 48 34 0,81 0,04 0,18 0,55 0,09 0,67 5,6 2,8 1,5 4,0 2,7 1,6 3,5 -2,6 -0,5 -0,7 -4,9 -2,7 7,7 -0,3 1,7 0,10 0,03 0,64 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 115 Table 2.3B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued) Coefficient of variation Jan-Mar Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Free State – Non-metro Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Free State – Mangaung Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Year-onyear change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 1,8 3,4 8,3 2,9 20,8 2,9 2,1 1,7 5,5 3,6 8,1 3,4 13 -33 46 -17 11 -28 -26 -58 -4 -56 -8 -68 53 -8 97 23 30 12 0,51 0,01 0,07 0,41 0,25 0,17 7,1 3,4 1,8 3,8 1,7 2,1 4,8 -2,3 1,1 0,4 -4,2 -1,8 9,2 -0,5 4,1 0,03 0,01 0,44 2,9 4,8 8,4 6,7 26,8 5,2 2,6 7,4 8,5 4,9 18,9 8,7 -18 -14 -5 29 11 18 -32 -51 -38 16 -6 1 -5 23 29 42 28 36 0,01 0,47 0,79 0,00 0,22 0,04 8,0 4,8 2,9 10,6 7,4 2,6 0,3 -3,4 -4,6 -8,8 -10,0 -7,0 9,4 3,3 -2,2 0,94 0,32 0,00 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 116 Table 2.3B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued) Coefficient of variation Jan-Mar Jan-Mar 2019 2020 KwaZulu-Natal Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate KwaZulu-Natal – Non-metro Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Year-onyear change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 1,5 1,7 5,5 1,4 6,7 1,9 2,1 2,2 6,7 2,2 6,7 2,6 186 74 112 -80 -3 -77 58 -46 21 -209 -114 -196 314 194 203 48 108 41 0,01 0,23 0,02 0,22 0,96 0,20 4,7 1,7 1,5 5,5 2,2 2,1 1,8 0,5 1,9 -0,5 -1,2 0,1 4,1 2,2 3,7 0,12 0,57 0,04 2,5 2,7 8,4 1,8 7,4 2,5 3,5 3,7 10,0 2,9 7,4 3,5 161 41 120 -82 -45 -38 45 -68 33 -198 -146 -143 277 150 208 34 57 67 0,01 0,46 0,01 0,16 0,39 0,48 7,1 2,7 2,5 8,0 3,7 3,5 3,7 0,4 2,8 -0,1 -2,0 0,3 7,4 2,7 5,2 0,05 0,77 0,03 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 117 Table 2.3B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued) Coefficient of variation Jan-Mar Jan-Mar 2019 2020 KwaZulu-Natal – eThekwini Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate North West Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Year-onyear change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 1,1 1,6 5,0 1,8 13,6 2,0 1,3 1,9 4,1 2,2 15,8 3,3 25 33 -8 2 42 -40 -27 -16 -38 -50 -4 -95 77 82 21 54 87 16 0,35 0,18 0,58 0,94 0,07 0,16 4,6 1,6 1,1 4,0 1,9 1,3 -0,9 0,8 0,3 -2,7 -1,2 -1,8 0,9 2,8 2,4 0,32 0,41 0,75 3,2 3,7 7,7 3,3 11,2 3,8 2,3 3,5 7,0 2,9 9,6 2,4 134 -1 135 -92 -109 17 68 -80 73 -157 -183 -45 200 79 197 -26 -35 80 0,00 0,99 0,00 0,01 0,00 0,58 6,6 3,7 3,2 6,2 3,5 2,3 6,8 -0,6 4,3 2,5 -3,7 1,8 11,1 2,4 6,8 0,00 0,69 0,00 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 118 Table 2.3B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued) Coefficient of variation Jan-Mar Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Gauteng Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Gauteng – Non-metro Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Year-onyear change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 0,8 1,2 2,3 1,9 9,0 2,1 0,9 1,3 2,9 2,3 7,9 2,3 225 -27 252 -26 40 -66 71 -190 98 -180 -45 -205 378 136 406 127 125 72 0,00 0,74 0,00 0,74 0,36 0,35 2,2 1,2 0,8 2,5 1,3 0,9 2,5 -1,2 0,8 0,6 -2,8 -0,7 4,4 0,4 2,3 0,01 0,13 0,28 3,2 4,7 9,4 4,8 14,8 7,6 2,3 3,3 6,2 4,5 18,0 4,2 83 47 36 -73 -14 -59 38 -10 -1 -118 -71 -112 128 104 73 -28 43 -6 0,00 0,11 0,06 0,00 0,62 0,03 8,8 4,7 3,2 5,7 3,3 2,3 1,4 3,1 5,7 -3,3 -1,1 2,3 6,0 7,4 9,0 0,56 0,14 0,00 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 119 Table 2.3B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued) Coefficient of variation Jan-Mar Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Gauteng – Ekurhuleni Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Gauteng – City of Johannesburg Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Year-onyear change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 1,5 1,9 4,1 3,8 13,3 4,0 1,7 2,8 3,9 4,7 9,3 5,0 65 3 63 -30 10 -40 -16 -73 -10 -111 -32 -96 146 78 136 51 52 15 0,11 0,94 0,09 0,46 0,65 0,15 3,5 1,9 1,5 4,0 2,8 1,7 2,3 -0,5 1,5 -1,1 -3,5 -1,6 5,6 2,3 4,7 0,19 0,70 0,33 1,0 1,8 2,6 3,0 21,5 3,2 1,8 2,4 4,9 4,9 16,2 4,7 32 -61 93 64 8 55 -69 -176 -17 -37 -18 -42 133 53 204 165 35 153 0,53 0,30 0,10 0,21 0,54 0,26 2,7 1,8 1,0 4,1 2,4 1,8 2,9 -2,8 -1,0 -0,6 -5,8 -3,6 6,4 0,1 1,6 0,11 0,06 0,45 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 120 Table 2.3B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued) Coefficient of variation Jan-Mar Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Gauteng – City of Tshwane Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Mpumalanga Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Year-onyear change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 2,2 3,0 6,6 4,8 24,3 4,3 1,8 2,0 7,5 4,0 17,8 4,5 44 -16 60 13 36 -22 -43 -105 -13 -74 0 -106 131 73 133 100 72 61 0,32 0,72 0,11 0,76 0,05 0,60 6,0 3,0 2,2 6,2 2,0 1,8 2,8 -1,7 0,2 -1,1 -5,2 -3,2 6,5 1,8 3,6 0,16 0,33 0,92 2,4 3,4 6,5 4,0 12,3 3,2 1,9 2,1 6,2 3,2 9,3 3,4 32 36 -4 12 70 -58 -39 -38 -73 -59 33 -127 104 111 65 83 107 11 0,37 0,34 0,90 0,74 0,00 0,10 5,6 3,4 2,4 4,9 2,1 1,9 -0,9 0,6 0,1 -4,2 -1,9 -2,3 2,6 3,2 2,6 0,64 0,63 0,90 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 121 Table 2.3B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (concluded) Coefficient of variation Jan-Mar Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Limpopo Population 15–64 yrs Labour force Employed Unemployed Not economically active Discouraged work-seekers Other (not economically active) Rates (%) Unemployment rate Employed/population ratio (absorption) Labour force participation rate Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 Year-onyear change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value 2,0 2,1 7,8 1,7 5,4 1,4 2,3 3,1 7,9 2,1 5,5 2,9 97 -15 112 -49 -65 17 -17 -121 48 -162 -159 -84 211 92 175 65 28 117 0,09 0,79 0,00 0,40 0,17 0,74 6,9 2,1 2,0 7,3 3,1 2,3 5,1 -0,9 2,0 1,9 -3,7 -1,0 8,4 2,0 5,0 0,00 0,55 0,20 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 122 Table 3.1B: Sampling variability for the employed by industry and sex Coefficient of variation Year-onJan-Mar Jan-Mar year 2019 2020 change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value Both sexes Agriculture Mining Manufacturing Utilities Construction Trade Transport Finance Community and social services Private households 0,6 4,5 6,6 2,8 10,8 3,3 1,8 3,8 2,1 1,8 2,9 0,7 5,5 7,8 2,8 12,1 3,2 2,2 3,6 2,3 1,9 2,8 91 27 18 -74 -34 5 -25 -30 1 185 15 -172 -60 -39 -194 -67 -109 -209 -135 -155 -4 -79 354 115 75 46 -1 119 160 75 156 373 109 0,50 0,54 0,53 0,22 0,04 0,94 0,79 0,57 0,99 0,06 0,75 Women Agriculture Mining Manufacturing Utilities Construction Trade Transport Finance Community and social services Private households 1,0 7,0 14,9 4,4 17,4 8,8 2,6 7,7 3,2 2,3 3,3 1,0 10,1 15,1 5,4 18,1 8,6 3,0 9,0 3,5 2,1 2,7 42 9 1 -27 -6 -9 21 -23 1 89 -20 -149 -43 -22 -106 -22 -43 -96 -66 -96 -47 -100 233 61 24 52 10 26 138 21 98 226 60 0,67 0,73 0,93 0,50 0,44 0,63 0,72 0,31 0,98 0,20 0,62 Men Agriculture Mining Manufacturing Utilities Construction Trade Transport Finance Community and social services Private households 0,7 4,9 7,3 3,2 11,9 3,5 2,4 4,3 2,6 2,5 5,6 0,8 5,2 8,3 3,0 14,1 3,3 2,8 3,9 3,1 2,8 6,9 49 18 17 -47 -28 13 -46 -8 0 95 35 -121 -45 -39 -137 -59 -92 -178 -101 -118 -4 -16 219 82 73 43 2 118 86 86 117 195 86 0,57 0,57 0,54 0,31 0,07 0,81 0,50 0,87 1,00 0,06 0,17 Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 123 Table 3.4B: Sampling variability for the employed by province and sector Coefficient of variation Year-onJan-Mar Jan-Mar year 2019 2020 change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value South Africa Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 0,6 1,0 2,2 4,5 2,9 0,7 0,9 2,3 5,5 2,8 91 61 -13 27 15 -172 -199 -186 -60 -79 354 322 160 115 109 0,50 0,64 0,89 0,54 0,75 Western Cape Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 1,4 1,9 5,7 7,3 9,9 1,4 1,9 8,0 10,1 7,2 -19 -58 3 30 6 -105 -145 -47 -20 -22 67 30 54 79 34 0,66 0,20 0,89 0,24 0,69 Western Cape – Non-metro Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 2,6 4,0 8,4 7,1 14,7 2,6 4,2 13,0 10,7 9,7 -7 -44 17 24 -4 -80 -106 -15 -21 -19 65 17 49 70 11 0,84 0,16 0,29 0,30 0,58 Western Cape – City of Cape Town Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 1,5 2,2 7,3 36,1 13,5 1,7 2,2 9,9 29,5 10,2 -12 -13 -13 5 10 -57 -82 -53 -12 -14 34 55 26 23 34 0,62 0,70 0,50 0,55 0,41 Eastern Cape Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 2,4 3,8 5,8 15,6 9,9 2,9 3,7 7,3 9,7 8,9 74 27 35 -4 16 -14 -62 -21 -37 -16 162 117 91 28 47 0,10 0,55 0,22 0,80 0,33 Eastern Cape – Non-metro Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 3,6 5,4 7,1 17,6 13,7 4,3 5,2 9,3 10,2 11,0 37 14 22 -3 5 -30 -40 -20 -35 -18 104 68 63 29 28 0,28 0,62 0,30 0,85 0,68 Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 124 Table 3.4B: Sampling variability for the employed by province and sector (continued) Coefficient of variation Jan-Mar Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Year-onyear change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value Eastern Cape – Buffalo City Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 2,9 7,3 11,8 61,3 27,8 5,4 10,1 17,9 45,5 23,0 17 -4 13 2 5 -13 -54 -17 -1 -11 46 46 43 5 22 0,27 0,87 0,39 0,14 0,52 Eastern Cape – Nelson Mandela Bay Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 4,8 7,1 15,5 11,5 14,3 5,5 5,9 15,2 27,0 18,4 20 18 0 -3 5 -28 -31 -24 -6 -7 69 67 25 0 18 0,41 0,47 0,97 0,04 0,40 Northern Cape Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 4,7 7,5 14,0 10,6 20,6 6,2 8,9 17,0 21,4 14,3 15 23 -8 0 -1 -20 -15 -24 -12 -14 49 61 9 13 12 0,41 0,23 0,35 0,94 0,88 Free State Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 2,8 4,1 6,0 13,7 8,7 2,7 4,9 10,0 13,1 10,5 -47 -19 -7 3 -23 -91 -62 -36 -9 -45 -2 23 23 14 0 0,04 0,37 0,65 0,67 0,05 Free State – Non-metro Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 3,4 5,3 8,5 14,4 10,6 1,7 6,2 14,3 13,8 12,2 -33 -14 -2 3 -20 -58 -40 -31 -8 -41 -8 13 27 14 1 0,01 0,31 0,89 0,61 0,06 Free State – Mangaung Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 4,8 6,3 5,4 33,9 15,0 7,4 7,8 4,7 36,4 20,5 -14 -6 -5 0 -3 -51 -39 -11 -3 -10 23 28 1 2 5 0,47 0,74 0,12 0,79 0,47 Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 125 Table 3.4B: Sampling variability for the employed by province and sector (continued) Coefficient of variation Jan-Mar Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Year-onyear change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value KwaZulu-Natal Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 1,7 2,5 6,4 19,0 7,7 2,2 2,2 5,8 14,1 7,2 74 20 55 -1 0 -46 -81 -26 -36 -47 194 122 136 34 48 0,23 0,70 0,18 0,95 0,99 KwaZulu-Natal – Non-metro Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 2,7 4,3 8,4 19,7 11,9 3,7 3,9 7,6 14,8 10,8 41 -14 53 -3 4 -68 -103 -25 -36 -34 150 76 131 31 43 0,46 0,77 0,18 0,88 0,84 KwaZulu-Natal – eThekwini Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 1,6 2,7 9,4 49,1 9,6 1,9 2,2 8,4 29,1 9,3 33 34 2 1 -4 -16 -11 -21 -7 -31 82 79 25 10 24 0,18 0,14 0,88 0,75 0,79 North West Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 3,7 4,7 6,2 13,3 11,0 3,5 4,0 11,8 22,7 9,5 -1 55 -33 -11 -12 -80 -17 -68 -24 -28 79 128 3 2 4 0,99 0,14 0,07 0,11 0,14 Gauteng Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 1,2 1,9 3,6 28,9 5,5 1,3 1,6 4,2 32,3 5,6 -27 6 -73 -1 40 -190 -179 -156 -17 -13 136 192 10 16 94 0,74 0,95 0,08 0,92 0,14 Gauteng – Non-metro Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 4,7 7,6 7,0 47,9 10,4 3,3 3,9 8,4 57,9 17,3 47 31 0 -1 18 -10 -23 -28 -10 -7 104 85 27 8 42 0,11 0,27 0,98 0,81 0,15 Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 126 Table 3.4B: Sampling variability for the employed by province and sector (concluded) Coefficient of variation Jan-Mar Jan-Mar 2019 2020 Year-onyear change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value Gauteng – Ekurhuleni Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 1,9 2,8 7,9 25,8 14,0 2,8 3,7 8,8 58,4 10,2 3 -26 15 -1 15 -73 -125 -34 -8 -4 78 74 63 6 33 0,94 0,61 0,55 0,77 0,13 Gauteng – City of Johannesburg Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 1,8 2,9 5,0 78,7 8,7 2,4 3,0 6,3 61,6 7,6 -61 18 -78 0 -1 -176 -81 -119 -6 -37 53 118 -36 6 34 0,30 0,72 0,00 0,98 0,94 Gauteng – City of Tshwane Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 3,0 4,6 10,9 66,2 10,1 2,0 2,5 11,6 45,4 14,3 -16 -17 -9 1 9 -105 -138 -56 -9 -15 73 104 37 11 34 0,72 0,78 0,69 0,79 0,46 Mpumalanga Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 3,4 3,2 10,4 7,8 7,9 2,1 3,2 5,0 12,5 9,4 36 10 14 10 2 -38 -36 -46 -8 -19 111 56 74 29 23 0,34 0,66 0,65 0,28 0,85 Limpopo Formal sector (non-agricultural) Informal sector (non-agricultural) Agriculture Private households 2,1 3,8 5,6 8,0 10,2 3,1 3,9 5,4 20,8 8,3 -15 -4 0 2 -13 -121 -87 -68 -43 -40 92 79 69 47 14 0,79 0,93 0,99 0,93 0,35 Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020 STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA P0211 127 Table 3.5B: Sampling variability for the employed by sex and occupation Coefficient of variation Year-onJan-Mar Jan-Mar year 2019 2020 change Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value Both sexes Manager Professional Technician Clerk Sales and services Skilled agriculture Craft and related trade Plant and machine operator Elementary Domestic worker 0,6 3,0 4,6 2,7 2,7 2,2 15,0 2,5 2,9 1,7 3,3 0,7 2,9 3,5 3,1 2,9 2,1 12,1 2,7 3,0 2,0 2,6 91 -18 65 -91 -4 85 22 -31 5 70 -9 -172 -124 -39 -210 -120 -71 2 -167 -104 -111 -87 354 88 168 28 112 242 42 104 115 250 68 0,50 0,74 0,22 0,13 0,95 0,28 0,03 0,65 0,92 0,45 0,81 Women Manager Professional Technician Clerk Sales and services Skilled agriculture Craft and related trade Plant and machine operator Elementary Domestic worker 1,0 5,3 5,3 3,6 3,1 2,9 34,5 6,7 7,4 2,5 3,3 1,0 5,0 4,5 3,9 3,1 2,9 23,8 7,7 8,1 3,2 2,6 42 38 30 -50 -22 -4 10 7 -18 72 -20 -149 -23 -40 -134 -109 -101 1 -38 -55 -42 -97 233 99 100 34 66 92 19 52 20 186 57 0,67 0,22 0,40 0,25 0,63 0,93 0,03 0,77 0,35 0,22 0,61 Men Manager Professional Technician Clerk Sales and services Skilled agriculture Craft and related trade Plant and machine operator Elementary Domestic worker 0,7 3,1 5,9 4,0 4,9 2,8 16,1 2,7 3,0 2,3 16,3 0,8 3,3 5,4 4,3 5,6 2,9 13,2 2,8 3,3 2,4 18,5 49 -56 34 -41 18 90 12 -38 23 -2 11 -121 -143 -27 -116 -49 -24 -6 -167 -76 -133 -11 219 31 95 34 84 203 29 91 123 128 32 0,57 0,21 0,27 0,28 0,60 0,12 0,18 0,56 0,65 0,97 0,34 Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 1: 2020