COA S T OF THE N O A A ' s S TAT E National Coastal Population Report Population Trends from 1970 to 2020 Dear Reader, This National Coastal Population Report continues the commitment by NOAA's National Ocean Service to describe the nation's coastal population, as a complement to the decadal Census conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. One of our nation's ongoing challenges is to manage ecologically sensitive coastal areas such that future generations of Americans will continue to reap the immeasurable economic, cultural, recreational, and aesthetic benefits provided by our coastal resources. At the core of this management challenge are both the large numbers and high densities of residents and visitors at the coast. This concentration of people impacts the integrity of coastal ecosystems, and at the same time, the lives and livelihoods of some of these residents and visitors can be at risk from natural processes at the coast - such as hurricanes, erosion, and sea level rise. This report explores this dynamic relationship by presenting both the population in Coastal Watershed Counties and in Coastal Shoreline Counties. Joined by our federal and state coastal management partners, we hope this reporting framework will both increase awareness and enhance policy discussions, by promoting a deeper understanding of our nation's coastal population. Holly Bamford Assistant Administrator for Ocean Services and Coastal Management National Ocean Service NOAA Table of Contents Our Nation's Coastal Population 2 How to Use this Document National Coastal Population Report Population Trends from 1970 to 2020 March 2013 The Bottom Line Coastal Shoreline Counties Population Population Density Age Race Hispanic Origin Education Attainment Household Income Seasonal Housing Building Permits Coastal States Summary Coastal Watershed Counties This document is a product of the NOAA State of the Coast Report Series, a publication of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce, developed in partnership with the U.S. Census Bureau. Visit: http://stateofthecoast.noaa.gov. 3 4 10 Population Population Density Age Race Hispanic Origin Education Attainment Household Income Seasonal Housing Building Permits Coastal States Summary Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C 17 18 19 Our Nation's Coastal Population Our nation's bountiful coastal resources have influenced American history and culture, and have drawn a substantial portion of our country's population to the coast. The concentration of people and economic activity at the coast places pressures on ecologically sensitive coastal ecosystems and also leaves residents and visitors vulnerable to coastal hazards, such as hurricanes, erosion, and sea level rise. One focus of this management challenge is to understand who lives at the coast and how this population is changing. However, this is not a simple matter as federal agencies, researchers, and nongovernmental organizations define "the coast" in various ways. To increase consistency in how we describe our nation's coastal population, this report presents the nation's coastal population in two different lights. One is the population that lives in Coastal Watershed Counties, or those counties where a substantial portion of their land area intersect coastal watersheds, and consequently represent where land use changes and water quality impacts most directly impact coastal ecosystems. NOAA has historically reported population for Coastal Watershed Counties, and continues this framework in this report. For the first time, NOAA also presents the population that lives in a subset of Coastal Watershed Counties, the Coastal Shoreline Counties, or those counties directly adjacent to the open ocean, major estuaries, and the Great Lakes. The Coastal Shoreline Counties, due to their proximity to these waters, bear the most direct effects of coastal hazards and host the majority of economic production associated with coastal and ocean resources. How to Use this Document This report offers two independent sections that present basic demographic status and trends information for Coastal Shoreline Counties and for Coastal Watershed Counties, allowing the coastal management community the opportunity to choose the appropriate statistics for their needs. Appendices A and B provide maps of Coastal Shoreline Counties and Coastal Watershed Counties, respectively. The Coastal Shoreline Counties are a subset of Coastal Watershed Counties, and Appendix C provides a simple comparison between these two groups of counties. Section 1: People who live in Coastal Shoreline Counties This section describes basic demographic status and trends of the U.S. population that resides in 452 Coastal Shoreline Counties (see map in Appendix A). These counties are directly adjacent to the open ocean, major estuaries, and the Great Lakes, and due to their proximity to these waters, bear the most direct effects of coastal hazards and host the majority of economic production associated with coastal and ocean resources. This group of coastal residents could generally be considered "the U.S. population most directly affected by the coast." When are these statistics most applicable? Providing context for coastal community resilience, coastal hazards, and other ocean resource-dependent issues. Section 2: People who live in Coastal Watershed Counties This section describes basic demographic status and trends of the U.S. population that resides in 769 Coastal Watershed Counties. A substantial portion of the land area of these counties intersect coastal watersheds, and consequently represent where land use changes and water quality impacts can most directly impact coastal ecosystems. This group of coastal residents could generally be considered "the U.S. population that most directly affects the coast." When are these statistics most applicable? Providing context for land use changes in coastal watersheds and local watershed impacts of human activities to coastal and estuarine water quality. Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary and the Channel Islands National Park, CA. Credit: Claire Johnson 2 NOAA's National Coastal Population Report The Bottom Line POPULATION DENSITY IS GROWING AT THE COAST Regardless of how the coast is defined, it is substantially more crowded than the U.S. as a whole, and population density in coastal areas will continue to increase in the future. In 2010: Out of the 3 million mi2 of land in the US Within the limited space of the nation's coast, population density far exceeds the nation as a whole, and this trend will continue into the future. This situation presents coastal managers with the challenge of protecting both coastal ecosystems from a growing population and protecting a growing population from coastal hazards. <10% <20% or 275,351 mi2 comprise Coastal Shoreline Counties or 511,971 mi2 comprise Coastal Watershed Counties In Just 40 Years: 1970-2010 Coastal Shoreline Counties added 125 persons/mi2 In 2010: Out of the 313 million people living in the US Coastal Watershed Counties added 99 persons/mi2 United States as a whole added 36 persons/mi2 39% 52% or 123.3 million people lived in Coastal Shoreline Counties or 163.8 million people lived in Coastal Watershed Counties 400 A small amount of land and a large number of people means high density 446 persons/mi 2 319 persons/mi 2 105 persons/mi 2 Each box represents 1 square mile. Persons Per Square Mile In 2010: 500 300 200 100 0 = 10 persons Coastal Shoreline Counties Coastal Watershed Counties unties All United States Co 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 United States Note: Land area and density values exclude Alaska. Population values include Alaska and US Territories. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011b; NOAA, 2012; Crowell et al., 2010 NOAA's National Coastal Population Report 3 Coastal Shoreline Counties Coastal Shoreline County population in 2010. Percent of the U.S. population that resides in Coastal Shoreline Counties in 2010. 34.8 million Coastal Shoreline County population change from 1970 to 2010, a 39% increase. The Bottom Line Figure 3 Population Change in Coastal Shoreline Counties: 1970-2010 200 100% 160 80% 120 60% 80 43% 42% 42% 40 41% 39% 39% 40% 20% 0 1970 Figure 4 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 0% Percent U.S. Population 39% Population Million People 123.3 million Percent Population Change in U.S. Counties, Highlighting Coastal Shoreline Counties: 1970-2010 (U.S. average 52%) In 2010, 123.3 million people, or 39 percent of the nation's population lived in Coastal Shoreline Counties. Population growth in these counties occurred at a lower rate than the nation as a whole from 1970 to 2010. The population in Coastal Shoreline Counties increased by 34.8 million people, a 39 percent increase, while the nation's entire population increased by 52 percent over the same time period. 10 million Projected population change in Coastal Shoreline Counties from 2010 to 2020, an 8% increase. (U.S. average 10%) Coastal Shoreline County Area Percent -45 - 0 Alaska 1 - 49 Hawaii Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary. Credit: Fiona Langenberger 4 0 500 0 250 500 U.S. Territories American Samoa Guam CNMI Puerto Rico U.S. Virgin Islands N 0 250 Note: Includes U.S. Territories. 500 50 - 99 100 - 299 300+ Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011b; NOAA, 2012; Crowell et al., 2010 NOAA's National Coastal Population Report Coastal Shoreline Counties Population Density 446 pers/mi2 Population density of Coastal Shoreline Counties in 2010 (excluding Alaska). Figure 5 Population Density Change in Coastal Shoreline Counties and Inland Counties from 1970 to 2020 500 (U.S. average 105 pers/mi excluding Alaska ) 450 37 pers/mi The Bottom Line Coastal Shoreline Counties Inland Counties 350 2 In 2010, 39 percent of the U.S. population lived in Coastal Shoreline Counties (less than 10 percent of the total land area excluding Alaska). The population density of Coastal Shoreline Counties is over six times greater than the corresponding inland counties. 400 Persons Per Square Mile 2 Projected population density increase in Coastal Shoreline Counties from 2010 to 2020 (excluding Alaska). 89% 300 250 200 150 100 50 Percent increase in the 65 and older population from 1970 to 2010 in Coastal Shoreline Counties. (U.S. average 100%) 0 -4% Figure 6 1980 1990 Year 2000 2010 2020 Note: Density values include U.S. Territories and exclude Alaska. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011b; NOAA, 2012; Crowell et al., 2010 Age Percent change in persons younger than 18 from 1970 to 2010 in Coastal Shoreline Counties. (U.S. average 6%) 1970 120% Percent Population Change 100% Percent Population Change of Coastal Shoreline Counties and Inland Counties by Age from 1970 to 2010 In 2010, age distribution within Coastal Shoreline Counties and inland counties differed only slightly and the share of the U.S. population living in Coastal Shoreline Counties by age category was consistent with the share of total population. However, from 1970 to 2010, the growth rate among the age categories differed substantially, demonstrating an aging population in both Coastal Shoreline Counties and inland counties, with inland counties growing faster within each age category. Coastal Shoreline Counties Inland Counties 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% -20% Chatham, MA. Credit: Louis Cafiero 5 and Under 6 to 17 18 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 Age Category The Bottom Line 65 and Older Note: U.S. Territories not inlcuded. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011b; NOAA, 2012; Crowell et al., 2010 NOAA's National Coastal Population Report 5 Coastal Shoreline Counties 64% Share of the U.S. Asian Alone population living in Coastal Shoreline Counties. Race Figure 7 80% Coastal Shoreline Counties Inland Counties Share of the U.S. Black or African American Alone population living in Coastal Shoreline Counties. Percent Population (Share of total U.S. Population 39%) 47% Table 1 Percent Population of Coastal Shoreline Counties and Inland Counties by Race in 2010 Race Category Total Population White Alone Black or African American Alone American Indian and Alaska Native Alone Asian Alone Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Alone Some Other Race Alone Two or More Races 60% 40% 20% (Share of total U.S. Population 39%) 0 211% Percent increase in Hispanic or Latino population from 1980 to 2010 in Coastal Shoreline Counties. (U.S. average 220%) White Alone Black or African American Alone American Indian and Alaska Native Alone Asian Alone Native Hawaiian Some Other Race Alone and Pacific Islander Alone Share of the U.S. Population by Race in Coastal Shoreline Counties in 2010 Two or More Races Percent U.S. Population 39% 35% 47% 27% 64% 60% 49% 47% Race Category Note: The U.S. Census Bureau uses the word "Alone" following certain race categories to distiquish those populations that chose a single race to characterize themselves. U.S. Territories not included. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011b; NOAA, 2012; Crowell et al., 2010 The Bottom Line In 2010, minority population groups residing in Coastal Shoreline Counties represented a combined 35 percent of the Coastal Shoreline County population. This is higher than the combined share of the total U.S. population at 28 percent. Hispanic Origin Figure 8 Percent Population of Coastal Shoreline Counties and Inland Counties by Hispanic or Latino Origin in 2010 Hispanic or Latino Percent of Population in Coastal Shoreline Counties Non Hispanic or Latino Percent of Population in Inland Counties 0 Miami, FL. Credit: B. O'Grady 20% 40% 60% Percent Population 80% Share of the U.S. Population by Hispanic or Latino Origin in Coastal Shoreline Counties in 2010 Ethnicity Category Percent U.S. Population Total Population 39% Hispanic or Latino 49% Non Hispanic or Latino 37% 100% Note: U.S. Territories not included. 6 Table 2 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011b; NOAA, 2012; Crowell et al., 2010 NOAA's National Coastal Population Report Coastal Shoreline Counties 13% Percent of the population in Coastal Shoreline Counties living below the poverty line in 2010. 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% CoNo S m ch pl o et ol ed S El om em e en or ta All ry So m Sc e ho Hi ol gh Hi Gr gh S ad ch ua oo te l 0 47% (Share of total U.S. Households 39%) Coastal Shoreline Counties Inland Counties 5% (U.S. average 13%) Share of the U.S. households making over $100,000 that are in Coastal Shoreline Counties. Percent Population of Coastal Shoreline Counties and Inland Counties by Education Attainment for Those 25 Years and Over in 2010 Ba De che gr lor ee 's M De ast gr er ' ee s Pr o De fess gr ion ee a l Do De cto gr rat ee e (U.S. average 35%) Figure 9 Co Som lle e ge As Desoci gr ate ee 's Percent of the population in Coastal Shoreline Counties that hold a higher education degree in 2010 (for those 25 years and over). Education Attainment Percent Population 38% Share of the U.S. Population by Education Attainment for Those 25 Years and Over in Coastal Shoreline Counties in 2010 Education Attainment Category Total Population No School Completed Some or All Elementary Some High School High School Graduate Some College Associate's Degree Bachelor's Degree Master's Degree Professional School Degree Doctorate Degree Percent U.S. Population 39% 48% 43% 39% 37% 38% 40% 44% 46% 49% 46% Note: Puerto Rico included. Remaining U.S. Territories excluded. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012a; NOAA, 2012; Crowell et al., 2010 Education Attainment Category Household Income Figure 10 Percent Households of Coastal Shoreline Counties and Inland Counties by Income in 2010 30% Coastal Shoreline Counties Inland Counties Percent Households 25% 20% 15% 10% 0 Less than $10,000 $10,000$24,999 $25,000$49,999 $50,000$74,999 $75,000$99,999 Income Category $100,000- $125,000$124,999 $149,999 Table 4 Share of the U.S. Households by Household Income in Coastal Shoreline Counties in 2010 Income Category 5% Santa Cruz, CA. Credit: K. Crossett Table 3 $150,000 + Note: U.S. Territories not included. Total Households Less than $10,000 $10,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 to $99,999 $100,000 to $124,999 $125,000 to $149,999 $150,000 + Percent U.S. Households 39% 37% 35% 36% 38% 40% 43% 46% 52% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011b; NOAA, 2012; Crowell et al., 2010 NOAA's National Coastal Population Report 7 Coastal Shoreline Counties 49.4 million Number of housing units in Coastal Shoreline Counties in 2010, 39% of the U.S. total. Seasonal Housing Figure 11 42% Maine Michigan New York South Carolina New Jersey Minnesota California Florida Massachusetts Delaware South Carolina Alaska Maine Oregon New Hampshire Michigan Washington Alabama 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Number of Seasonal Homes (Thousand) Figure 13 Building Permits Issued for Single-Family Units in Coastal Shoreline Counties from 2000 to 2010 Figure 14 1,250 10% Percent 15% 20% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011a; NOAA, 2012; Crowell et al., 2010 Building Permits Issued for Multi-Unit Buildings in Coastal Shoreline Counties from 2000 to 2010 350 Building Permits Issued (Thousand) 1,000 750 500 2000 2002 2004 2006 Year 300 250 200 150 100 Coastal Shoreline Counties Inland Counties 50 Coastal Shoreline Counties Inland Counties 0 0 2008 2010 2000 Note: U.S. Territories not included. 8 5% Building Permits 250 Broadkill Beach, DE. Credit: K. Crossett 0 Note: U.S. Territories not included. Building Permits Issued (Thousand) Number of building permits issued per day in Coastal Shoreline Counties from 2000 to 2010. Leading States in Percent of Housing Units that are Seasonal in Coastal Shoreline Counties in 2010 North Carolina Share of all U.S. seasonal homes located in Coastal Shoreline Counties in 2010. 1355 Figure 12 Florida 18% Percent increase in seasonal housing units in Coastal Shoreline Counties from 2000 to 2010. Total housing units in Coastal Shoreline Counties increased 8%. Leading States in Number of Seasonal Housing Units in Coastal Shoreline Counties in 2010 2002 2004 2006 Year 2008 2010 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011c; NOAA, 2012; Crowell et al., 2010 NOAA's National Coastal Population Report Coastal Shoreline Counties Coastal States Summary Table 5 Demographic Summary of Aggregated Coastal Shoreline Counties by State U.S. State or Territory Alabama Alaska California Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Illinois Indiana Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Texas Virginia Washington Wisconsin 2010 Population 595,257 598,207 25,520,252 2,219,037 897,934 601,723 14,468,197 563,967 1,360,301 5,898,137 771,815 2,247,053 836,502 4,148,642 4,924,916 4,680,503 216,268 370,702 418,366 7,045,573 15,691,096 999,064 2,534,282 653,112 2,365,551 1,052,567 1,241,048 6,121,490 4,730,951 4,615,192 2,049,934 American Samoa Guam CNMI Puerto Rico U.S. Virgin Islands 55,502 159,358 53,883 2,525,305 106,405 Rank 27 26 1 15 21 25 3 28 17 6 23 14 22 11 7 9 31 30 29 4 2 20 12 24 13 19 18 5 8 10 16 2010 Population Density (pers/mi2) 211 2 716 980 461 9,864 454 121 212 4,246 509 165 97 631 1,400 154 22 209 393 1,360 1,280 102 809 42 2,118 1,018 168 410 544 245 195 445 752 305 1,281 580 1970-2010 Percent Historic Population Rank Change 20 58 31 147 10 62 8 18 14 64 1 -20 15 165 26 82 19 77 2 0 13 4 24 23 28 49 11 37 4 16 25 -4 30 -9 21 54 17 100 5 21 6 6 27 92 9 -14 29 53 3 -16 7 11 23 127 16 107 12 94 18 99 22 7 104 86 449 27 68 2010-2020 1970-2010 2010 Percent Projected Percent Increase Percent Population in 65 and Older Population Change Population Living in Poverty 11 702 17 13 168 10 8 111 12 5 72 9 10 196 11 1 -3 18 16 208 13 19 175 15 16 340 9 2 28 14 4 94 14 10 89 16 -5 43 11 10 117 9 5 97 9 0 53 16 4 27 14 5 202 15 13 264 7 4 178 9 5 69 14 10 30 15 -1 39 15 9 181 16 0 -2 20 5 46 12 23 443 15 16 198 18 18 248 8 15 164 10 3 31 14 8 11 9 0 1 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011b; NOAA, 2012; Crowell et al., 2010 9 Coastal Watershed Counties Coastal Watershed County population in 2010. Percent of the U.S. population that resides in the Coastal Watershed Counties in 2010. Figure 15 200 100% 160 80% 60% 120 55% 80 54% 54% 53% 52% 52% 40% 20% 40 0 50.9 million Population change in Coastal Watershed Counties from 1970 to 2010, a 45% increase. The Bottom Line Population Change in Coastal Watershed Counties: 1970-2010 1970 Figure 16 1980 1990 Year 2000 2010 0% 2020 Percent U.S. Population 52% Population Change Million People 163.8 million Numeric Population Change in U.S. Counties, Highlighting Coastal Watershed Counties: 1970-2010 (U.S. average 52%) In 2010, 163.8 million people, or 52 percent of the nation's population lived in Coastal Watershed Counties. Population growth in these counties occurred at a lower rate than the nation as a whole from 1970 to 2010. The population in Coastal Watershed Counties increased by 50.9 million people, a 45 percent increase, while the nation's entire population increased by 52 percent over the same time period. 15 million Projected population change in Coastal Watershed Counties from 2010 to 2020, a 9% increase. (U.S. average 10%) Coastal Watershed County Area Persons Alaska -846,000 - 0 Hawaii Los Angeles County, CA, had the largest single county population growth from 1970 to 2010, increasing by over 2.7 million people. Credit: Bruce Perry, CSULB 10 0 500 0 250 500 U.S. Territories American Samoa Guam CNMI Puerto Rico U.S. Virgin Islands 1 - 49,999 N 0 250 500 Note: Includes U.S. Territories. 50,000 - 249,999 250,000 - 499,999 500,000 - 2,850,000 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011; NOAA, 2012 NOAA's National Coastal Population Report Coastal Watershed Counties Population Density 319 pers/mi2 Population density of Coastal Watershed Counties in 2010 (excluding Alaska). Figure 17 400 (U.S. average 105 pers/mi excluding Alaska) 2 Projected population density increase in Coastal Watershed Counties from 2010 to 2020 (excluding Alaska). 97% Percent increase in the 65 and older population from 1970 to 2010 in Coastal Watershed Counties. (U.S. average 100%) 0% 300 250 200 150 100 0 Note: Density values include U.S. Territories and exclude Alaska. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011; NOAA, 2012 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 Year Age Figure 18 120% 100% Percent Population Change of Coastal Watershed Counties and Inland Counties by Age from 1970 to 2010 Coastal Watershed Counties Inland Counties 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% -20% Port Townsend, WA Credit: D. Nieters The Bottom Line In 2010, 52 percent of the U.S. population lived in Coastal Watershed Counties (less than 20 percent of the total land area excluding Alaska). The population density of Coastal Watershed Counties is over five times greater than the corresponding inland counties, a trend that has been consistent since 1970. Coastal Watershed Counties Inland Counties 50 Percent Population Change Percent change in persons younger than 18 from 1970 to 2010 in Coastal Watershed Counties. (U.S. average 6%) Persons Per Square Mile 24 pers/mi2 350 Population Density Change in Coastal Watershed Counties and Inland Counties from 1970 to 2020 5 and Under 6 to 17 18 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 Age Category 65 and Older The Bottom Line In 2010, age distribution within Coastal Watershed Counties and inland counties differed only slightly and the share of the U.S. population living in Coastal Watershed Counties by age category was consistent with the share of total population. However, from 1970 to 2010, the growth rate among the age categories differed substantially, demonstrating an aging population in both Coastal Watershed Counties and inland counties, with inland counties growing faster within each age category. Note: U.S. Territories not inlcuded. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011b; NOAA, 2012 NOAA's National Coastal Population Report 11 Coastal Watershed Counties 75% Share of the U.S. Asian Alone population living in Coastal Watershed Counties. Race Figure 19 Percent Population of Coastal Watershed Counties and Inland Counties by Race in 2010 80% Coastal Watershed Counties Inland Counties (Share of total U.S. Population 52%) 59% Share of the U.S. Black or African American Alone population living in Coastal Watershed Counties. Percent Population 60% 40% 20% (Share of total U.S. Population 52%) 0 239% Percent increase in the Hispanic or Latino population from 1980 to 2010 in Coastal Watershed Counties. (U.S. average 220%) White Alone Black or African American Alone American Indian and Alaska Native Alone Asian Alone Native Hawaiian Some Other Race Alone and Pacific Islander Alone Two or More Races Table 6 Share of the U.S. Population by Race in Coastal Watershed Counties in 2010 Percent U.S. Population Race Category Total Population 52% 48% White Alone 59% Black or African American Alone 35% American Indian and Alaska Native Alone 75% Asian Alone 70% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Alone 61% Some Other Race Alone 59% Two or More Races Race Category The Bottom Line Note: The U.S. Census Bureau uses the word "Alone" following certain race categories to distiquish those populations that chose a single race to characterize themselves. U.S. Territories not included. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011b; NOAA, 2012 In 2010, minority population groups residing in Coastal Watershed Counties represented a combined 33 percent of the Coastal Watershed County population. This is higher than the combined share of the total U.S. population at 28 percent. Hispanic Origin Figure 20 Percent Population of Coastal Watershed Counties and Inland Counties by Hispanic or Latino Origin in 2010 Hispanic or Latino Percent of Population in Coastal Watershed Counties Non Hispanic or Latino Percent of Population in Inland Counties Shrimp boats in the Gulf of Mexico. Credit: Texas Parks and Wildlife Department 0 20% 40% 60% 80% Percent Population Table 7 Share of the U.S. Population by Hispanic or Latino Origin in Coastal Watershed Counties in 2010 Ethnicity Category Total Population Hispanic or Latino Non Hispanic or Latino 100% Note: U.S. Territories not included. 12 Percent U.S. Population 52% 62% 50% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011b; NOAA, 2012 NOAA's National Coastal Population Report Coastal Watershed Counties Percent of the population in Coastal Watershed Counties living below the poverty line in 2010. (U.S. average 13%) 35% 30% (Share of total U.S. Households 52%) No School Completed Some or All Elementary Some High School High School Graduate Some College Associate's Degree Bachelor's Degree Master's Degree Professional School Degree Doctorate Degree 20% 15% 10% 5% 0 60% Share of the U.S. households making over $100,000 that are in Coastal Watershed Counties. 25% Education Attainment Category Note: Puerto Rico included. Remaining U.S. Territories excluded. Percent U.S. Population 52% 61% 56% 52% 50% 51% 53% 56% 59% 61% 59% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012a; NOAA, 2012 Household Income Figure 22 Percent Households of Coastal Watershed Counties and Inland Counties by Income in 2010 Percent Households 30% Coastal Watershed Counties Inland Counties 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0 Less than $10,000 Martha's Vineyard, MA. Credit: K. Crossett Share of the U.S. Population by Education Attainment for Those 25 Years and Over in Coastal Watershed Counties in 2010 Education Attainment Category Total Population Coastal Watershed Counties Inland Counties Ba De che gr lor ee 's M De ast gr er ' ee s Pr o De fess gr ion ee a l Do ct De o gr rat ee e 13% Table 8 Percent Population of Coastal Watershed Counties and Inland Counties by Education Attainment for Those 25 Years and Over in 2010 Co Som lle e ge As so De ci gr ate ee 's (U.S. average 35%) Figure 21 CoNo S m ch pl o et ol ed So El m em e en or ta All ry So m Sc e ho Hi ol gh Hi gh Gr S ad ch ua oo te l Percent of the population in Coastal Watershed Counties that hold a higher education degree in 2010 (for those 25 years and over). Education Attainment Percent Population 37% $10,000$24,999 $25,000$49,999 $50,000$74,999 $75,000$99,999 Income Category $100,000- $125,000$124,999 $149,999 $150,000 + Table 9 Share of the U.S. Households by Household Income in Coastal Watershed Counties in 2010 Income Category Total Households Less than $10,000 $10,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 to $99,999 $100,000 to $124,999 $125,000 to $149,999 $150,000 + Note: U.S. Territories not included. Percent U.S. Households 52% 48% 47% 48% 50% 53% 56% 59% 64% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011b; NOAA, 2012 NOAA's National Coastal Population Report 13 Coastal Watershed Counties 65.2 million Number of housing units in Coastal Watershed Counties in 2010, 51% of the U.S. total. Seasonal Housing Figure 23 Leading States in Number of Seasonal Housing Units in Coastal Watershed Counties in 2010 Figure 24 Maine Florida 16% 55% Michigan Minnesota California South Carolina New York Delaware New Jersey Florida Massachusetts New Hampshire Maine North Carolina North Carolina Alaska South Carolina Michigan Texas Hawaii 0 Share of all U.S. seasonal homes located in Coastal Watershed Counties in 2010. 1876 5% Figure 25 Building Permits Issued for Single-Family Units in Coastal Watershed Counties from 2000 to 2010 Figure 26 1,250 15% 20% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011a; NOAA, 2012 Building Permits Issued for Multi-Unit Buildings in Coastal Watershed Counties from 2000 to 2010 350 1,000 750 500 0 Coastal Watershed Counties Inland Counties 300 250 200 150 100 Coastal Watershed Counties Inland Counties 50 2000 2002 2004 2006 Year 2008 2010 0 2000 2002 Note: U.S. Territories not included. 14 10% Percent Building Permits 250 Mystic Seaport, CT. Credit: J. O'Grady 0 Note: U.S. Territories not included. Building Permits Issued (Thousand) Number of building permits issued per day in Coastal Watershed Counties from 2000 through 2010. 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Number of Seasonal Homes (Thousand) Building Permits Issued (Thousand) Percent increase in seasonal housing units in Coastal Watershed Counties from 2000 to 2010. Total housing units in Coastal Watershed Counties increased 9%. Leading States in Percent of Housing Units that are Seasonal in Coastal Watershed Counties in 2010 2004 2006 Year 2008 2010 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011c; NOAA, 2012 NOAA's National Coastal Population Report Coastal Watershed Counties Coastal States Summary Table 10 Demographic Summary of Aggregated Coastal Watershed Counties by State U.S. State or Territory Alabama Alaska California Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Illinois Indiana Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Texas Virginia Washington Wisconsin 2010 Population 764,613 598,207 32,258,738 3,574,097 897,934 601,723 18,427,589 1,043,009 1,360,301 5,898,137 1,432,512 3,573,854 1,238,956 5,287,553 6,318,177 8,797,000 251,654 628,502 1,073,438 8,683,202 17,586,787 2,254,172 4,326,145 1,982,081 6,388,180 1,052,567 1,932,243 8,287,623 5,425,647 5,229,486 2,569,028 American Samoa Guam CNMI Puerto Rico U.S. Virgin Islands 55,519 159,358 53,883 3,725,789 106,405 Rank 27 30 1 14 26 29 2 25 21 9 20 15 22 11 8 4 31 28 23 5 3 17 13 18 7 24 19 6 10 12 16 2010 Population Density (pers/mi2) 88 2 415 738 461 9,864 362 77 212 4,246 352 137 61 703 961 173 24 93 255 1,241 604 114 411 94 834 1,018 127 207 392 212 167 445 752 305 1,088 580 Rank 27 31 11 7 10 1 14 28 18 2 15 22 29 8 5 20 30 26 16 3 9 24 12 25 6 4 23 19 13 17 21 1970-2010 Percent Historic Population Change 44 147 79 18 64 -20 178 72 77 0 16 27 40 46 15 12 -5 59 90 22 6 59 -4 56 14 11 83 130 83 103 14 103 86 449 37 68 2010-2020 1970-2010 2010 Percent Projected Percent Increase Percent Population in 65 and Older Population Change Population Living in Poverty 9 131 18 13 702 10 11 127 13 6 75 9 10 196 11 1 -3 18 17 228 13 9 138 18 16 340 9 2 28 14 6 87 14 8 95 17 8 85 12 11 138 8 5 41 10 3 78 14 4 33 14 8 154 17 10 138 7 4 70 9 4 31 14 8 198 18 1 55 14 8 101 14 4 54 12 5 46 12 17 290 17 19 202 19 18 198 8 17 170 10 5 42 12 8 11 9 2 1 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011a; NOAA, 2012 15 Acknowledgements References This document was compiled by the following individuals of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: Ache, B., K. Crossett, P. Pacheco, J. Adkins, P. Wiley. 2012. "The Coast" is Complicated: A Model to Consistently Describe the Nation's Coastal Population. Estuaries and Coasts. In Press. Kristen Crossett Brent Ache Percy Pacheco Kate Haber Crowell, M., Coulton, K., Johnson, C., Westcott, J., Bellomo, D., Edelman, S., and Hirsch, E., 2010. An Estimate of the U.S. Population Living in 100-year Coastal Flood Hazard Areas. Journal of Coastal Research, Vo. 26, No. 2, pp. 201-211. The authors would like to thank the following individuals for their contributions to the National Coastal Population Report: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Jeff Adkins Chris Clement Theresa Goedeke Alison Hammer John Hayes Susan Holmes Linwood Pendleton Peter Wiley U.S. Census Bureau Thomas Fischetti Marc Perry Steven Wilson National Ocean Service, NOAA. 2012. Spatial Trends in Coastal Socioeconomics. Demographic Trends Database 1970-2010; Woods and Poole Economics, Inc. Projections Database 1970-2040. Available from: http:// coastalsocioeconomics.noaa.gov (accessed June 8, 2012). U.S. Census Bureau. 2011a. American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, 2006-2010. Available from: http://factfinder.census.gov/home/saff/main. html?_lang=en U.S. Census Bureau. 2011b. Census 2010. Available from: http://factfinder2. census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml ___. 2011c. Residential Construction Files 1998-2010. Federal Emergency Management Agency Mark Crowell Photo Credits Cover: Ocean City, MD. Credit: Christopher Parypa (Shutterstock) Inside Cover: San Francisco, CA. Credit: D. Nieters Title Page: Lower Mississippi River. Credit: NOAA's National Ocean Service Chicago coastal skyline. Credit: NOAA's National Ocean Service Kayaks in Santa Cruz, CA. Credit: K. Crossett Puerto Rico. Credit: Cary Friday 16 Page 2: Channel Islands National Park, CA. Credit: Claire Johnson Cambria, CA. Credit: J. O'Grady San Diego, CA. Credit: J. O'Grady Nubble Light House, Cape Neddick, CA. Credit: J. O'Grady Rockport, TX. Credit: Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Page 15: San Simeon, CA. Credit: J. O'Grady Anchorage, AK. Credit: D. Nieters San Francisco, CA. Credit: D. Nieters Page 9: Martha's Vineyard, MA. Credit: K. Crossett San Juan, PR. Credit: B. O'Grady Port Aransas, TX. Credit: Texas Parks and Wildlife Department NOAA's National Coastal Population Report Appendix A: Coastal Shoreline Counties The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has derived 452 Coastal Shoreline Counties. FEMA's 100-year flood plain, or Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA), delineates where the National Flood Insurance Program's floodplain management regulations must be enforced and the area where the mandatory purchase of flood insurance applies. The Coastal Shoreline Counties are counties that have a coastline bordering the open ocean, or contain FEMA identified coastal high hazard areas in the SFHA (Crowell et al., 2010). American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico are included in this suite (Ache et al., 2012). For more detailed information about Coastal Shoreline Counties visit: http:// coastalsocioeconomics.noaa.gov/coast_defined.html. Alaska Coastal Shoreline County Hawaii 0 500 0 250 N 500 0 250 500 U.S. States Note: Coastal Shoreline Counties in the U.S. Territories are not shown. NOAA's National Coastal Population Report 17 Appendix B: Coastal Watershed Counties NOAA has derived 769 Coastal Watershed Counties. A county is considered a Coastal Watershed County if one of the following criteria is met: (1) at a minimum, 15 percent of the county's total land area is located within a coastal watershed; or (2) a portion of a county, or an entire county, accounts for at least 15 percent of a coastal USGS 8-digit cataloging unit. This "15-percent rule" intends to identify counties that have a substantial watershed-based impact on coastal and ocean resources. In addition, the five U.S. Territories - American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico, are included in their entirety (Ache et al., 2012). For more detailed information about the Coastal Watershed Counties visit: http://coastalsocioeconomics.noaa.gov/coast_defined.html. Alaska Coastal Watershed County N Hawaii 0 500 0 250 500 0 250 500 Estuarine and Coastal Drainage Areas U.S. States Note: Coastal Watershed Counties in the U.S. Territories are not shown. 18 NOAA's National Coastal Population Report Appendix C: Comparing Coastal Shoreline and Coastal Watershed Counties i ountes Land A ed C rea rsh ate 2 Coastal Shoreline Counties contain Coas tal W Population 53% Coastal Watershed Counties Coastal Shoreline Counties contain Coastal Shoreline Counties 75% of the Coastal Watershed County land area Average Density i Countes Popula to hed in ers at of the Coastal Watershed County population il 8m 63. -1 Coas tal W Land Area i 00 m 2,0 51 Coastal Shoreline Counties are contained entirely within the inland extent of Coastal Watershed Counties, making up 53 percent of the total land area of Coastal Watershed Counties. However, Coastal Shoreline Counties exhibit a much higher population density than Coastal Watershed Counties, as they contain 75 percent of the total population in this area. 319 pers/mi2 446 pers/mi2 Note: Land area and density numbers exclude Alaska. Population values include Alaska. Alaska Hawaii 0 500 0 250 N 500 0 250 500 Extent of Coastal Watershed Counties Extent of Coastal Shoreline Counties U.S. States NOAA's National Coastal Population Report 19 NGAAS STATE UFTHECCIAST