Licence Reference No. Risk Assessment Methodology Report Version Stage and Step N/A Stage 1 (PSA) A.5 Final for Client REPORT Site 10 Kingsbridge to Watling Street 38kV: Preliminary Site Assessment Report for Historic Fluid Filled Cable Loss ESB Engineering and Major Projects Submitted to: ESB Networks Engineering and Major Projects One Dublin Airport Central Dublin Airport Cloghran County Dublin K67 XF72 Submitted by: Golder Associates Ireland Limited Town Centre House, Dublin Road, Naas, Co. Kildare, W91 TD0P Ireland +353 45 810 200 19126590.10.A.5 06 May 2020 06 May 2020 19126590.10.A.5 Distribution List Golder Associates Ireland Limited - 1 pdf ESB Engineering and Major Projects - 1 pdf GOLDER - i 06 May 2020 19126590.10.A.5 Executive Summary ESB operates and maintains a large network of fluid insulated electrical cables across Ireland, with the majority (of fluid filled cables) located in urban settings across Dublin City and Cork City. Due to the location and age of the cables, they are often subject to third party interference and damage and/or corrosion and defects, which can potentially cause the cable fluid to leak into adjacent soil, groundwater, and/or surface water. This report focuses on a leak of approximately 1,400 L of cable fluid (linear alkyl benzene and mineral oil mix) from a 38 kV section of cable between Kingsbridge and Watling Street (Site 10). The indicative leak location is adjacent to Heuston railway station and tramlines. The objective of the work was as follows:  To assess the environmental and human health impact associated with legacy cable fluid loss. This has been completed in a risk-based staged approach, consistent with the process described in “Guidance on the Management of Contaminated Land and Groundwater at EPA Licenced Sites” (EPA, 2013). We note that the section of cable assessed in this report does not form part of an EPA licenced site. In order to provide ESB with this Preliminary Site Assessment report, Golder has completed the following:  A Site walkover (200 m each way along the cable length from the indicative leak location, and laterally as required);  A desk study of publicly available information; and  A preliminary Conceptual Site Model (CSM). The work has been completed in accordance with the scope provided in the proposal P19125590.P1.V0, dated 28 June 2019. No significant variations from this scope were required to complete the work. The Site walkover was conducted along the cable run 200 m east of the indicative leak location, and approximately 190 m west of the indicative leak location. The remaining 10 m of the cable run west of the leak location could not be accessed during the Site walkover as it was within the locked gated area of an electrical sub-station. This change to the proposed methodology is not considered significant, as it was at the furthest point from the indicative leak location, and the surface was observed to be hardstanding with no clear signs of staining evident. The wall of Victoria Quay was also assessed from the opposite bank, to observe for any visual evidence of contamination within the tidal range of the river such as obviously oily staining on the quay wall or slicks or sheens on the River Liffey. No such sheens or slicks were observed. The Preliminary Site Assessment approach is considered conservative as it seeks to identify the potential source, and a broad range of initially theoretical pathway and receptor linkages present for each Site. The preliminary CSM identified potential source, pathway, and receptor linkages that may be present at the Site or caused by the leak. A qualitative risk analysis and evaluation was completed on each potential pollutant linkage identified. It is noted that where a potential risk is identified at this stage it does not necessarily mean a risk is present but that further investigation is required to either confirm the presence or absence of the risk. Where a potential linkage has been classified as either low or very low in the risk assessment no further action has been recommended to address this linkage as the actual risks identified in the low and very low risks have been sufficiently assessed in the PSA. GOLDER - ii 06 May 2020 19126590.10.A.5 Further investigation and analysis will be required to assess these potential pollutant linkages identified in this report. A summary of the findings is given below. Golder will produce a letter under separate cover recommending actions to address the below findings: Summary of Findings Potential pollutant linkages have been identified that could impact human health and/or controlled waters receptors as follows:   There is a potential moderate risk to groundwater/surface water from the migration of free phase mineral oil to these receptors along cable ducting and infrastructure in the area (blended mineral oil is classified as hazardous in groundwater); and There is a potential moderate risk to the River Liffey from dissolved phase mineral oil migrating to the River Liffey in potential shallow groundwater. Figure 1: Preliminary CSM for Site 10 (Kingsbridge to Watling Street). Summary of Report Status within the Overall Context of the Contaminated Land and Groundwater Site Assessment EPA Contaminated Land and Groundwater Risk Report Reference Assessment Methodology Report Date Status 06 May 2020 A.4 Final for Client Stage 1: Site Characterisation and Assessment 1.1 Preliminary Site Assessment 1.2 Detailed Site Assessment 19126590.10.A.5 GOLDER - iii 06 May 2020 19126590.10.A.5 EPA Contaminated Land and Groundwater Risk Report Reference Assessment Methodology 1.3 Report Date Status Quantitative Risk Assessment Stage 2: Corrective Action Feasibility and Design 2.1 Outline Corrective Action Strategy 2.2 Feasibility Study and Design 2.3 Detailed Design 2.4 Final Strategy and Implementation Plan Stage 3: Corrective Action and Implementation and Aftercare 3.1 Enabling Works 3.2 Corrective Action Implementation and Verification 3.3 Aftercare GOLDER - iv 06 May 2020 19126590.10.A.5 Study Limitations IMPORTANT: This section should be read before reliance is placed on any of the opinions, advice, recommendations, or conclusions herein set out. a) This report has been prepared for and at the request of ESB Engineering and Major Projects (the Client) for undertaking activities pursuant to its appointment of Golder Associates Ireland Ltd (Golder) to act as Consultant. b) Save for the Client, no duty is undertaken, or warranty or representation made to any party in respect of the opinions, advice, recommendations, or conclusions herein set out. c) Regard should be had to the agreement between Golder and the Client which is taken to be the Golder proposal P19126590.P1.V0 dated 28 June 2019 and the revision P19126590.P1.V1 dated 3 July 2019, when considering this report and reliance to be placed on it. d) All work carried out in preparing this report has used, and is based upon, Golders’ professional knowledge and understanding of the current (July 2019) relevant Irish and European Community legislation, and assumptions set out in this report. Changes in the legislation or assumptions may cause the screening and methodology set out in this report to become inappropriate or incorrect. However, in writing this report, Golder has considered pending changes to environmental legislation and regulations of which it is currently aware. Following delivery of this report, Golder will have no obligation to advise the Client of any such changes, or of their repercussions. e) Golder acknowledges that it is being retained, in part, because of its knowledge and experience with respect to environmental matters. Golder will consider and analyse all information provided to it in the context of Golders’ knowledge and experience and all other relevant information known to Golder. To the extent that the information provided to Golder is not inconsistent or incompatible therewith, Golder shall be entitled to rely upon and assume, without independent verification, the accuracy and completeness of all such information and Golder shall have no obligation to verify the accuracy and completeness of such information. Golder has relied on the Client to provide information on spills, leaks, and other releases of materials to inform potential sources. f) The content of this report represents the professional opinion of experienced environmental consultants. Golder does not provide specialist legal advice and the advice of lawyers will be required. g) The scope of work includes interpretation of information from borings and test pits. Attention is drawn to the fact that special risks occur whenever engineering and related disciplines are applied to identify subsurface conditions. Even a comprehensive sampling and testing programme implemented in accordance with a professional Standard of Care may fail to detect certain conditions. The environmental, geologic, geotechnical, geochemical and hydrogeological conditions that Golder interprets to exist between sampling points may differ from those that actually exist. Passage of time, natural occurrences, and activities near the Site may substantially alter discovered conditions. h) In the Conclusions section of this report and in the Executive Summary, Golder has set out its key findings and provided a summary and overview of its opinions. However, other parts of this report will often indicate the limitations of the information obtained by Golder and therefore any opinions set out in the Conclusions section and in the Executive Summary ought not to be relied upon until considered in the context of the whole report. GOLDER - v 06 May 2020 19126590.10.A.5 Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 2.0 3.0 4.0 1.1.1 Site Location ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Leak Information ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Scope of Works ...................................................................................................................... 3 SITE DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................................ 3 2.1 Description of Leak Event........................................................................................................ 3 2.2 Current Site Conditions ........................................................................................................... 3 2.2.1 Leak Location ..................................................................................................................... 3 2.2.2 Cable and Area in Proximity to Leak..................................................................................... 4 SITE HISTORY ................................................................................................................................ 4 3.1.1 Information Sources ............................................................................................................ 4 3.1.2 Potential Historical Sources ................................................................................................. 4 CHEMICALS OF CONCERN ............................................................................................................ 6 4.1 5.0 Background ............................................................................................................................ 1 Review of Material Safety Data Sheet ...................................................................................... 7 4.1.1 Linear Alkyl Benzene .......................................................................................................... 7 4.1.2 Blended Mineral Oil and Additives ........................................................................................ 8 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING........................................................................................................... 9 5.1.1 Information Sources ............................................................................................................ 9 5.1.2 Topography ........................................................................................................................ 9 5.1.3 Current Surrounding Land Use ............................................................................................ 9 5.1.4 Current Waste Permits, IPC and IE Licences in Area of Site ................................................ 10 5.1.5 Sensitive Ecological Receptors .......................................................................................... 10 5.1.6 Hydrology ......................................................................................................................... 10 5.1.6.1 Surface Water Features .................................................................................................... 10 5.1.6.2 Surface Water Quality ....................................................................................................... 10 5.1.6.3 Surface Water Abstractions ............................................................................................... 10 5.1.6.4 Discharges to Surface Water ............................................................................................. 10 GOLDER - vi 06 May 2020 19126590.10.A.5 5.1.6.5 Surface Water Flooding ..................................................................................................... 10 5.1.6.6 Pollution Releases to Land, Air and Water .......................................................................... 11 5.1.7 Geology ........................................................................................................................... 11 5.1.7.1 Artificial Ground ................................................................................................................ 11 5.1.7.2 Superficial and Bedrock Geology ....................................................................................... 11 5.1.7.3 Faulting ............................................................................................................................ 11 5.1.8 GSI Borehole Logs............................................................................................................ 11 5.1.9 Hydrogeology ................................................................................................................... 11 5.1.9.1 Groundwater Vulnerability ................................................................................................. 11 5.1.9.2 Discharges to Groundwater ............................................................................................... 11 5.1.9.3 Groundwater Group Water Scheme Abstraction Points........................................................ 11 5.1.9.4 Groundwater Flow Directions ............................................................................................. 11 5.1.9.5 Groundwater Quality ......................................................................................................... 12 6.0 PREVIOUS SITE SAMPLING AND MONITORING DATA ................................................................ 12 7.0 PRELIMINARY CONCEPTUAL SITE MODEL ................................................................................. 12 8.0 7.1 Context of the PSA ............................................................................................................... 12 7.2 Development of the Preliminary CSM ..................................................................................... 12 7.3 Description of the Source ...................................................................................................... 12 7.4 Description of the Pathways .................................................................................................. 13 7.5 Description of the Receptors.................................................................................................. 13 7.6 Preliminary Conceptual Site Model Risk Analysis .................................................................... 13 RISK EVALUATION....................................................................................................................... 20 8.1 9.0 Conclusions ......................................................................................................................... 20 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................. 21 TABLES Summary of Report Status within the Overall Context of the Contaminated Land and Groundwater Site Assessment ............................................................................................................................................. iii Table 1: Site Location - Site 10 Kingsbridge – Watling Street ....................................................................... 1 Table 2: Summary of Leak Information ....................................................................................................... 2 Table 3: Historical Activities within 500 m of the Site Boundary .................................................................... 4 Table 4: Summary of Current Surrounding Land Use .................................................................................. 9 Table 5: Risk Matrix – Consequence versus Probability. ............................................................................ 14 Table 7: Summary of Incomplete Source, Pathway, Receptor Linkages Considered .................................... 18 GOLDER - vii 06 May 2020 19126590.10.A.5 FIGURES Figure 1: Preliminary CSM for Site 10 (Kingsbridge to Watling Street). ......................................................... iii DRAWINGS Drawing 1 Site Location – Site 10 Drawing 2 Preliminary Source – Pathways – Receptors Identified Drawing 3 Preliminary CSM (Identifying Pollutant Linkages) Kingsbridge to Watling Street (Heuston Station) (Site 10) APPENDICES APPENDIX A Photographic record of Site Walkover APPENDIX B MSDS for T3788 (LAB) and Mineral Oil APPENDIX C CIRIA C522 Risk Analysis Definitions GOLDER - viii 06 May 2020 1.0 19126590.10.A.5 INTRODUCTION ESB Engineering and Major Projects (ESB) has commissioned Golder Associates Ireland Limited (Golder) to complete a Preliminary Site Assessment (PSA) for historical loss of fluid from a high voltage (38 kV) cable run located between Kingsbridge and Watling Street (‘Site 10’) (hereafter referred to as the ‘Site’). The work has been completed by suitably qualified and experienced Golder (Ireland and UK) consultants. The curriculum vitae of the Golder consultants who worked on this report are available on request. Golder has completed this work in accordance with the scope outline in proposal P19126590.P1.V0 dated 28 June 2019 and the revision P19126590.P1.V1 dated 3 July 2019, and the ESB Consultancy Services Agreement between ESB and Golder Associates Ireland Limited, dated 25 June 2019, and signed by Golder on 5 July 2019. 1.1 Background ESB operates and maintains a large network of fluid insulated electrical cables across Ireland, with the majority (of fluid filled cables) located in urban settings across Dublin City and Cork City. Due to the location and age of the cables, they are potentially subject to third party interference and damage and/or corrosion and defects, which can potentially cause the cable fluid to leak into adjacent soil, groundwater, and/or surface water. ESB has requested that Golder complete a preliminary risk assessment in accordance with the EPA document “Guidance on the Management of Contaminated Land and Groundwater at EPA Licenced Sites” (EPA, 2013). The Preliminary Site Assessment approach is considered conservative as it seeks to identify the potential source, and a broad range of initially theoretical pathway and receptor linkages present for each Site. The preliminary CSM identified potential source, pathway, and receptor linkages that may be present at the Site or caused by the leak. A qualitative risk analysis and evaluation was completed on each potential pollutant linkage identified. It is noted that where a potential risk is identified at this stage it does not necessarily mean a risk is present but that further investigation is required to either confirm the presence or absence of the risk. Where a potential linkage has been classified as either low or very low in the risk assessment no further action has been recommended to address this linkage as the actual risks identified in the low and very low risks have been sufficiently assessed in the PSA. 1.1.1 Site Location The location of the cable leak, and 200 m Site limits (200 m each way along the cable length from the cable leak) are summarised in Table 1 and shown on Drawing 1. Table 1: Site Location - Site 10 Kingsbridge – Watling Street Leak Co-ordinates 200 m Cable Length Limit 200 m Cable Length Limit Easting 313830 314001 234282 Northing 234246 313674 234166 The Site is located approximately 80 m south of the River Liffey in Dublin city. The leak occurred adjacent to Heuston Railway Station and tramlines. 1.1.2 Leak Information The following information regarding the leak has been provided to Golder by ESB. GOLDER - 1 06 May 2020 19126590.10.A.5 Table 2: Summary of Leak Information Site ID 10 Incident Title 10 Kingsbridge to Watling Street 38 kV - June 2015 - August 2015 Circuit Kingsbridge – Watling Street 38kV Leak Start Date June 2015 Leak Repair Date August 2015 Leak Duration (months) 2 Total Leakage (litres) 1,400 Leakage Rate (litres/month) 700 Volume of Circuit (litres) 2,832 Year Circuit Installed 1967 Voltage (kV) 38 Cable Length (km) 1 Leak Size Minus Circuit Volume (litres) -1,432 Assumed Fluid Linear alkyl benzene (LAB) / Mineral Oil Mix Comment Pre 1970 circuit. Leak size less than circuit volume Local Authority Dublin City Council Leak Location At front of Heuston Station close to LUAS stop shelter Fluid/Oil Type Cable fluid Chemical Information Linear Alkyl Benzene Brand Name T 3788 CAS Number 67774-74-7 Chemical Information Blend of highly refined mineral oils and additives Brand Name F&G Masse 106 cable mineral oil CAS Number No CAS given on MSDS No further historical reports or observations made at the time of the leak discovery or repair were available for review as part of this PSA. 1.2 Objectives The objective of the work is as follows: GOLDER - 2 06 May 2020  19126590.10.A.5 To assess the environmental and human health impact associated with legacy cable fluid loss. This has been completed in a risk-based staged approach, consistent with the process described in “Guidance on the Management of Contaminated Land and Groundwater at EPA Licenced Sites” (EPA, 2013). 1.3 Scope of Works A summary of the scope of works proposed, which was developed following best practice guidance and relevant Irish legislation, is as follows:  Desk study – summary of current and historical publicly available information and site-specific data (where available). This included a visit to Trinity College Dublin map library to collect relevant information;  Site walkover – a walkover of the site was conducted by a suitably qualified Golder engineer, to identify visual or olfactory evidence of potential contamination or areas of concern. The Site walkover extended a minimum of 200 m along the cable length in each direction, and an appropriate lateral distance from the cable leak was determined following the presence of potential human health and/or environmental receptors and/or alternative potential contaminant sources; and  Preliminary Risk Assessment – this includes the information gathered as part of the desk study and site walkover, which has been used to determine a preliminary Conceptual Site Model (CSM) identifying the potential source, pathway, and receptor linkages, and next stage recommendations. More details on the proposed scope of work task summarised are included in proposal (P19126590.P1/V.1). The Site walkover was conducted along the cable run 200 m east of the indicative leak location, and approximately 190 m west of the indicative leak location. The remaining 10 m of the cable run west of the leak location could not be accessed during the Site walkover as it was within the locked gated area of an electrical sub-station. This change to the proposed methodology is not considered significant, as it was at the furthest point from the indicative leak location, and the surface was observed to be hardstanding with no clear signs of staining evident. The wall of Victoria Quay was also assessed from the opposite bank, to observe for any visual evidence of contamination within the tidal range of the river such as obviously oily staining on the quay wall or slicks or sheens on the River Liffey. 2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION The Site walkover was completed on 5 July 2019. The Golder engineer walked along the length of the cable; 200 m from the leak location in each direction (shown on Drawing 1). The electrical sub-station to the west of the indicative leak location was not accessed as part of the Site walkover. Whilst it is not expected that significant impacts will be observed at ground level above the leak location, a walkover was carried out for completeness. 2.1 Description of Leak Event The ESB has provided Golder with information on the estimated quantities and types of fluid lost as presented in Section 1.1.2 above. 2.2 2.2.1 Current Site Conditions Leak Location No evidence of potential contamination from cable fluid/oily substances was observed at the indicative leak location during the Site walkover. Selected photographs of potentially relevant observations made during the Site walkover are provided in APPENDIX A with commentary. GOLDER - 3 06 May 2020 2.2.2 19126590.10.A.5 Cable and Area in Proximity to Leak No evidence of potential contamination from cable fluid/oily substances was observed along the total 390 m cable length (200 m east and 190 m west from the leak location) that we examined during the Site walkover. Selected photographs of potentially relevant observations made during the Site walkover are provided in APPENDIX A with commentary. 3.0 SITE HISTORY 3.1.1 Information Sources  The Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI) online map viewer – dcenr.maps.arcgis.com, accessed 8 July 2019;  The Geological Society of Ireland (GSI) Groundwater Bodies Summary Dublin: https://secure.dccae.gov.ie/GSI_DOWNLOAD/Groundwater/Reports/GWB/DublinGWB.pdf, accessed on 8 July 2019;  Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) online map viewer - https://gis.epa.ie/EPAMaps/, accessed 8 July 2019;  The National Monuments Service’s Historic Environment http://webgis.archaeology.ie/historicenvironment/, accessed 8 July 2019;  The National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) map data - https://www.npws.ie/maps-and-data, accessed 8 July 2019;  The European Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers (E-PRTR) – http://prtr.ec.europa.eu, accessed 8 July 2019  The Geohive by Ordnance Survey Ireland – https://geohive/ie/, accessed 8 July 2019; and  The Ireland Grid Reference - http://gridreference.ie/, accessed 8 July 2019. Mapping for Viewer - Trinity Map Library was visited on 4 July 2019 to consult available historical maps relating to the indicative leak location, the 400 m cable length, and areas of interest located laterally from the cable run. 3.1.2 Potential Historical Sources Historical activities that may have resulted in contamination sources are summarised in Table 3. Table 3: Historical Activities within 500 m of the Site Boundary Date Detail 1864 – 1847 (5 ft: 1 Statute Mile)  Train station present to northwest (and west) of the Site.  Open land to the southwest.  Southeast to the Site the River Cammock is not culverted and intersects the River Liffey at 'King's Bridge' (now Luas Bridge).  Saint James’s Gate Brewery (Guinness) to the east is not yet developed to the River Liffey boundary.  Open area to south and east of the Site is termed James Park. GOLDER - 4 06 May 2020 Date 1864 – 1866 (5 ft: 1 Statute Mile) 1889 (5 ft: 1 Statute Mile) 1911 (1:2,500) 1943 (1:2,500) 19126590.10.A.5 Detail  'Laundry' noted to the south of the Site (now front area of the HSE building).  Train station present to north (and west) of the Site.  Royal Hospital to southwest of the Site.  The River Cammock not culverted and intersects the River Liffey at 'King's Bridge' (now Luas Bridge).  To the East, Saint James’s Gate Brewery (Guinness) is not yet developed to the River Liffey boundary.  Open area directly south and east of the Site is termed James Park (now in Saint James’s Gate Brewery, south of the River Liffey).  'Laundry' noted to the south of the Site (now front area of the Dr. Steevens’ Hospital building).  Train station present to north (and west) of the Site.  Royal Hospital to southwest of the Site.  The River Cammock is now showing as culverted, approximately 25 m south of end of the Site.  Tram Depot present (in area that Saint James’s Gate Brewery is now present, south of the River Liffey, directly east and south of the Site) on map where James Park was in 1846 - 1847 and 1864 -1866 maps.  ‘Laundry' and 'Fever Hospital' noted to the south of the Site (now front area of the Dr. Steevens’ Hospital building).  Train station present to north (and west) of the Site.  Royal Hospital to southwest of the Site.  The River Cammock is now showing as culverted, approximately 25 m south of the Site.  Tram Depot present (in area that Saint James’s Gate Brewery is now present, south of the River Liffey, directly east and south of the Site).  'Nurse Home' where 'Laundry' was in previous maps.  'Fever Hospital' noted to the south of the Site (now front area of the Dr. Steevens’ Hospital building).  Train station present to north (and west) of the Site.  Royal Hospital to southwest of the Site. GOLDER - 5 06 May 2020 Date Detail 1969 (1:1,000) 1988 (1:1,000) 4.0 19126590.10.A.5  Cammock is culverted, approximately 25 m south of the Site.  Tram Depot present (in area that Saint James’s Gate Brewery is now present, south of the River Liffey, directly east and south of the Site) as per 1889 map.  'Nurse Home' noted to the south of the Site (now front area of the Dr. Steevens’ Hospital building).  'Fever Hospital' noted to the south of the Site (now front area of the Dr. Steevens’ Hospital building).  Unknown structure now located where electrical substation currently is.  ‘Tank' and 'ES' (electrical substation) indicated in area where ‘Fever Hospital’ was located in previous maps.  'ES' present where electrical substation is currently.  Similar layout to 1969.  More 'Tanks' indicated in all directions of the Site.  ‘Mortuary’ indicated east of electrical substation. CHEMICALS OF CONCERN The information provided by ESB (summarised in Table 2) defines the chemicals present in the cable fluid are Linear Alkyl Benzene (LAB) present in cable fluid T 3788 (CAS 67774-74-7) and a blend of highly refined mineral oils and additives (CAS unknown). LAB and blended mineral oils and additives are the Chemicals of Potential Concern (COPC) discussed further in this PSA. The European Communities Environmental Objectives (Groundwater) Regulations, 2010 (S.I. 9 of 2010) establish a new strengthened regime for the protection of groundwater in line with the requirements of the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) and the Groundwater Directive (2006/118/EC). Regulations 9(c)–(f) requires the Environmental Protection Agency to identify and publish a list of substances which are to be considered hazardous or non-hazardous and which the Agency considers to present an existing or potential risk of pollution. The EPA published such a list of such substances in their guidance document “Classification of Hazardous and Non-Hazardous Substances in groundwater” (2010). In this document the EPA has classified four Linear Alkyl Benzene compounds as hazardous (CAS numbers 134211-53-3, 115963-94-5, 115733-08-9 and 96792-49-3) in groundwater. However, the Lab compound used by the ESB was not classified in this document. The EPA published a report “Environmental Protection Agency Investigation into ESB Networks Fluid Filled Underground Electricity Cable Leaks” (EPA, 2020). The LAB compound used by the ESB is identified with CAS number 6777-74-7. In this report the EPA clarify that this compound is classified as a non-hazardous pollutant. The EPA refer to the ECHA document below in reaching this decision. Mineral oil is listed as a hazardous substance in groundwater in the 2010 EPA guidance document. GOLDER - 6 06 May 2020 19126590.10.A.5 The European Chemicals Bureau 1st Priority List (Volume 3) “Union Risk Assessment Report CAS No 6777474-7” (1999) completed a risk assessment for LAB. The following conclusions about LAB were made in the report:  In relation to incidental contact of workers with LAB there is no need for additional risk reduction measures beyond normal precautions for this material (such as correct use of PPE);  It degrades aerobically;  It is moderately volatile from water with a Henry’s Law constant of 95 Pa.m 3/mol;  It is highly adsorptive to soil particles;  It was not classified as toxic or hazardous under the EU legislation at the time of report issue;  It was not classified as a skin irritant under EU legislation at the time of report issue;  It was not classifiable as an eye irritant under EU legislation at the time of the report issue; and  It was not classified as a skin sensitiser under EU legislation at the time of the report issue. 4.1 4.1.1 Review of Material Safety Data Sheet Linear Alkyl Benzene The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) provided by ESB (H&R ESP, undated) to Golder identified the cable fluid as T 3788 which is a “low viscosity compound based on a blend of linear alkyl benzenes that have side alkyl chains of 10 – 13 carbon atoms in length.” The MSDS is provided in APPENDIX B. A summary of the chemical properties for LAB as listed in the MSDS are as follows:  Concentration range is 100%;  Not classified as a dangerous substance in accordance with The Chemical (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 2002;  Clear, colourless liquid;  Mild petroleum odour;  pH not determined;  Boiling point of 280 ˚C;  Flash point of >135 ˚C;  Not flammable (but will burn);  Not explosive;  Vapour pressure is low at 20 ˚C is <0.02 kPa;  Density of 0.86 g/cm-3 at 20 ˚C;  Insoluble in water; a solubility value of 0.041 mg/L has been reported in the literature;  Low volatility;  Vapour density is >1 (air = 1); GOLDER - 7 06 May 2020 19126590.10.A.5  Evaporation rate is not determined;  Human effects include skin and eye irritant, nausea and vomiting following ingestion, and irritant of the mucous membranes, cause dizziness, headaches, and nausea if inhaled; and  No specific environmental hazards under normal use conditions. LAB is used and manufactured extensively, most commonly in the production of linear alkyl benzene sulphonates (LAS), which are used in household and industrial cleaners and detergents. LAB has minor uses as a solvent and binder in speciality applications namely, cable oil, paint, insulation, electricity, and printing. Up to 1% of LAS is expected to be LAB as the consequence of incomplete conversion during manufacture (Fernandez et al., 2001). Due to the wide use of LAS as a detergent and the discharge of LAS into the domestic sewer, the ultimate receiving environment for LAS and LAB is often the aquatic ecosystem. Concentrations of 0.001 – 2.2 mg/l of LAB has been reported in effluent discharge waters from municipal sewage treatment plants (Europe) (Fernandez et al., 2002). LAB is produced from petroleum derivatives: benzene and linear paraffins and forms a mixture of long-alkyl chain LAB, with the alkyl group in various ranges (EC, 1997). The LAB used by ESB contains an alkyl chain group restricted to the range of C10 – C13 carbon atoms, and which are produced under the Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) registration number: 67774-74-7. The “LAB and Derivatives” REACH Consortia (ReachCentrum, 2012) list LAB as a “substance of unknown variable composition, complex reaction products or biological materials”, or ‘UVCB’, for the purpose of chemical classification, labelling, and registration in the information for suggested entry into the International Uniform Chemical Information Database (IUCLID). LAB is less dense than water, and due to its insolubility, it is likely to act as a Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (LNAPL) when in contact with water (e.g. groundwater or surface water). 4.1.2 Blended Mineral Oil and Additives The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) provided by ESB (F&G, 1995) to Golder identified the cable fluid as Masse 106 which is a “blend of highly refined mineral oils and additives.” The MSDS is provided in APPENDIX B. A summary of the chemical properties for the blended mineral oil as listed in the MSDS are as follows:  Yellow liquid (under most environmental conditions);  Pourpoint of < -60˚C;  Flashpoint of 145˚C;  Flammability lower limit 0.6 vol %, and higher limit of 6.5 vol%;  Vapour pressure at 20˚C is <0.01 hPa;  Density of 888 kg/m3 (floats on water);  Negligible solubility;  N-octane/water partition coefficient is not applicable;  Stable under normal conditions;  Readily adsorbed to soil particles (limited mobility);  May bioaccumulate; GOLDER - 8 06 May 2020 19126590.10.A.5  Expected to be practically non-toxic to aquatic organisms, LC/EC50 >100 mg/l;  Not readily biodegradable; and  Human health effects include aspiration to lungs may cause chemical pneumonitis from inhalation or ingestion, and dermatitis through skin contact. At present without further information identifying the mineral oil (no CAS number is available for the product) it is not possible make specific comments about this product. Golder notes that mineral oils are typically aliphatic range hydrocarbons with chain lengths of between 11 and 40 carbon atoms. The additives to these mineral oils are unknown. The vapour pressure indicates that the product is not volatile. It is noted that the EPA classifies mineral oil as a hazardous substance in groundwater as per the EPA (2010) guidance on this issue. 5.0 5.1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Information Sources Information regarding geology, hydrology, hydrogeology and environmentally sensitive areas for the Site and surrounding area has been primarily obtained from publicly available sources outlined in Section 3.1.1. 5.1.2 Topography The Site lies at an elevation of approximately 5 m above Ordnance Datum (m AOD) according to Ireland Grid Reference. The local topography falls to the immediately north towards the River Liffey then rises again. 5.1.3 Current Surrounding Land Use A summary of land use surrounding the leak location is provided is Table 4. Table 4: Summary of Current Surrounding Land Use Direction from Leak Location Description of Current Land Use North Approximately 85 m north of Site is the Seán Heuston Bridge, beyond which are commercial and residential areas. East The Site is bound to the East by Chapelizod Bypass and St. Johns Road West beyond which is an industrial area (Saint James’s Gate Brewery). South Approximately 88 m south of site is Dr. Steevens’ Hospital (a HSE office building). Approximately 220 m south of the Site is St. Patrick’s University Hospital. West The Site is bound to the west by Heuston Railway Station and tramlines. Overall, the Site is generally surrounded by industry (Saint James’s Gate Brewery), infrastructure (Heuston railway station), the River Liffey, and Commercial offices (Dr. Steeven’s i.e. HSE headquarters) with St Patricks Hospital to south of this. GOLDER - 9 06 May 2020 5.1.4 19126590.10.A.5 Current Waste Permits, IPC and IE Licences in Area of Site A review of the data available on the EPA online map shows there is one Industrial Emission license (IE) approximately 455 m southeast of the Site, held by Diageo Ireland (St. James Gate Brewery). There are no registered waste permit holders for processing of mineral oil or LAB containing fluids within 500 m of the Site. 5.1.5 Sensitive Ecological Receptors A review of the data available on the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) map viewer shows that there are no special protection areas (SPAs), natural heritage areas (NHAs), or special areas of conservation (SAC) within 500 m of the Site. The nearest protected sites are the South Dublin Bay SAC (000210) and the South Dublin Bay and River Tolka Estuary SPA (004024) located approximately 5.4 km east of the site. This location is also a proposed Natural Heritage Area (pNHA). At this distance from the indicative leak location, these sites are not considered a potential receptor as there is no viable pathway present. We note that this report does not represent an ecological assessment and that if such assessments are required will be completed separately by a suitably qualified ecologist as appropriate. 5.1.6 5.1.6.1 Hydrology Surface Water Features The Site lies within the “Camac Lower” Water Framework Directive catchment. The nearest surface water feature is the partially culverted River Cammock located approximately 40 m west of the Site. The River Liffey is located approximately 80 m north of Site. 5.1.6.2 Surface Water Quality According to the EPA Transitional Waterbodies Risk map, the River Liffey located approximately 80 m north of Site is at risk of deteriorating or being at less than ‘Good’ status under the Water Framework Directive (UWWT) Directive 91/271/EEC on Urban Waste Water Treatment and S.I. 254 / 2001, S.I. 440/2004 and S.I. 48/2010. The River Liffey is also eutrophic according to the EPA transitional water quality map and is listed as a nutrient sensitive area in accordance with the Urban Waste Water Treatment. The most recent WFD classification is moderate. The partially culverted River Cammock located approximately 40 m west of the Site is also at risk according to the River Waterbody WFD status map. 5.1.6.3 Surface Water Abstractions The GSI online map viewer did not show any Group Water Scheme Abstraction points within a 500 m radius. The Dinantian Upper Impure Limestones are classed as a ‘locally important’ aquifer within the vicinity of the Site and the area across Dublin in general. 5.1.6.4 Discharges to Surface Water A review of the data available on the EPA map register shows there are no Section 4 Discharges within a 500 m radius of the Site. 5.1.6.5 Surface Water Flooding The Office of Public Works (OPW) flood maps shows that the Site has a low probability for river flood extents. The Rainfall Flood Extents map indicates sections surrounding the Site are at high probability (1 in 10 chance of occurring or being exceed in any given year) to be directly flood by rainfall in a moderate rainfall event. GOLDER - 10 06 May 2020 5.1.6.6 19126590.10.A.5 Pollution Releases to Land, Air and Water The European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR), compiles data on releases of pollutants and transfer of wastes for specified industries across the EU for 91 pollutants. LAB and mineral oil are not listed as specified pollutants in this register. 5.1.7 5.1.7.1 Geology Artificial Ground The EPA National subsoils map shows that Made Ground deposits are present beneath the Site, the depth to which is unknown. 5.1.7.2 Superficial and Bedrock Geology The GSI Subsoils (Quaternary Sediments) maps shows the subsoil beneath the Site to be classified as urban. A review of the Bedrock Geology 1:100,000 map (GSI) shows that the underlying bedrock geology to be Lucan Formation. This is described as being dark limestone and shale. 5.1.7.3 Faulting The Bedrock Geology 1:500,000 map (GSI) Faults Map indicates that there are no faults within a 1 km radius of the Site. 5.1.8 GSI Borehole Logs The nearest registered well or spring is located approximately 805 m northeast of Site but is not considered a receptor at that distance and across the Liffey. The GSI geotechnical viewer showed a borehole located approximately 40 m north of the Site which was drilled to a depth of 15.85 m below Ground Level (bGL) (GSI reference R410/B58318). The geology encountered was recorded as Made Ground to 7.62 m bGL, underlain by black boulder clay with gravels and shells to 10.36 m bGL, followed by bedrock (decomposed rock) to 15.85 m bGL. Groundwater was encountered at 5.75 m bGL. 5.1.9 5.1.9.1 Hydrogeology Groundwater Vulnerability The GSI Bedrock Aquifer map shows the Site and surrounding have moderate vulnerability to groundwater contamination. The bedrock aquifer is described as a locally important aquifer. According to GSI, this is bedrock that is moderately productive only in local zones and is capable of supplying locally important abstractions (smaller public water supplies, and group schemes). 5.1.9.2 Discharges to Groundwater A review of the data available on the EPA map register shows there are no known Section 4 discharges to within a 500 m. 5.1.9.3 Groundwater Group Water Scheme Abstraction Points The GSI online map viewer did not show any Group Water Scheme Abstraction points within a 500 m radius of the Site. The Site does not lie within a groundwater source protection zone. 5.1.9.4 Groundwater Flow Directions There is no published information on groundwater levels or flow direction for the area of the Site. It is anticipated that groundwater beneath the Site will flow in a northern direction towards the River Liffey. However, this has not been confirmed at this time, with Site-specific data. The nearby borehole log indicates that groundwater was present at 5.75 m bGL. This is potentially a shallow or perched groundwater body within the Made Ground and fluvial deposits associated with the River Liffey. GOLDER - 11 06 May 2020 5.1.9.5 19126590.10.A.5 Groundwater Quality The Groundwater Body (GWB) underlying the Site is known as the Dublin GWB. The Dublin GWB is approximately 837 km2 in areal extent. The GSI classifies this GWB as poorly productive bedrock. According to the EPA Ground Waterbody Water Framework Directive (WFD) map, the groundwater waterbody status is classified as good. The groundwater is also listed as flowing through SAC species areas and habitats, and SPA habitats. This statement applies to the entire GWB and is not specific to the leak location. 6.0 PREVIOUS SITE SAMPLING AND MONITORING DATA ESB has confirmed that there is no Site sampling and monitoring data, or observation reports available for the Site. 7.0 PRELIMINARY CONCEPTUAL SITE MODEL The PSA is the first tier of a risk assessment; the purpose of the PSA is to develop a preliminary Conceptual Site Model (CSM) for the Site and establish whether or not there are any potentially unacceptable risks. The outcome of the PSA is a decision as to whether or not further action is needed. 7.1 Context of the PSA This PSA is being conducted to assist ESB with managing its potential liabilities associated with the Site. 7.2 Development of the Preliminary CSM A preliminary CSM has been established from the data obtained from the following sources:  Publicly available data;  Trinity College Dublin Map library;  ESB provided data; and  Site walkover observations. In the definition that has become accepted by the environmental industries and regulators (and discussed in the EPA (2013) “Guidance on the management of contaminated land”), there are three components to consider when developing a CSM:  The source is the COPC identified, specifically it is the leak of the known cable fluid;  The pathways are any routes linking the source with the receptors in which degradation processes may also occur; and  The receptors are humans and controlled waters that are connected to the source by the pathways, such as soils, vapours, aquifers, surface watercourses, local supply boreholes, or springs. Whilst ecological receptors are not normally considered in preliminary risk assessment protected species/habitats are considered here to flag any potential issues that may require further detailed assessment by a competent person. These three components are linked within a conceptual model for a site. Should either one of the source, pathway, or receptor be absent from the site setting, the pollutant linkage is deemed not to be present therefore negligible risk will be posed to human health and/or controlled water environments. 7.3 Description of the Source The source is the indicative leak location of the fluid filled cable (Eastings: 313830, Northing: 234246) (locations obtained from georeferenced ESB provided drawing, reference QD-354120-01-D460-001-014-001, dated 26 GOLDER - 12 06 May 2020 19126590.10.A.5 June 2019 (provided in Drawing 1). ESB estimate the total loss of cable fluid over the leak period as approximately 1,400 L. The ESB has stated that the leak was repaired in August 2015. A summary of the sources (LAB and blended mineral oil) is provided in Section 4.0. 7.4 Description of the Pathways A description and summary of the potential pathways identified is provided in Table 6. The trenches for the cable runs are likely to be the primary potential pathway for the cable fluid migrate away from the indicative leak location. Details of a typical cable trench construction (provided by ESB) is as follows:  Depth to the base of trench 1,200 mm;  Depth to top of cable 900 mm – 1,000 mm;  Thickness of sand surrounding cables 350 mm;  Width of trench 1,100 mm; and  Backfill is either arisings or Clause 804 (gravel up to 75 mm diameter). 7.5 Description of the Receptors A description and summary of the potential receptors identified is provided in Table 6. Drawing 2 provides an overview of the source and potential sensitive receptors located within 1 km of the Site. Sensitive receptors comprise of human health risks (e.g. schools or hospitals), or risks to controlled waters (e.g. rivers or lakes). Groundwater receptors (unless a potable borehole abstraction point is identified) are not shown on Drawing 2. 7.6 Preliminary Conceptual Site Model Risk Analysis The potentially significant source-pathway-receptor linkages present at the Site and surrounding area (200 m along the cable length from the indicative leak location each way, and up to 500 m laterally from the cable run) are summarised in Table 6. The level of potential risk of the identified pollutant linkage to human health and/or controlled waters and protected species and natural habitats has been completed with reference to CIRIA guidance document C522 “Contaminated Land Risk Assessment a Guide to Good Practice” (2002). This document presents a qualitative framework for evaluating risk which is useful at the PSA stage, prior to intrusive investigations being completed. C522 presents a risk matrix that allows a qualitative expression of:  Magnitude of a potential consequence (severity) of a risk occurring; and  Magnitude of the probability (likelihood) of the risk occurring. GOLDER - 13 06 May 2020 19126590.10.A.5 Table 5: Risk Matrix – Consequence versus Probability. Consequence (of risk being realised) Severe Medium Mild Minor Very High Risk High Risk Moderate Risk Moderate/Low Risk High Risk Moderate Risk Moderate/Low Risk Low Risk Low Likelihood Moderate Risk Moderate/Low Risk Low Risk Very Low Risk Unlikely Moderate/Low Risk Low Risk Very Low Risk Very Low Risk Probability (of risk being realised) High Likelihood Likely A detailed description of the probability and consequence definitions is provided in CIRIA guidance document C522. These definitions are also provided in Appendix C. Golder has applied this methodology to the identified pollutant linkages for this Site and presented the findings in Table 6. Each identified pollutant linkage has been numbered and a qualitative risk rating applied to the linkage. Comments are provided for consideration of the risk evaluation for each linkage. GOLDER - 14 06 May 2020 19126590.10.A.5 Table 6: Summary of the Preliminary Source, Pathway, Receptor Linkages (CSM) Linkage Source Pathway Receptor Number 1 Free-phase LAB and blended mineral oil from the cable leak Migration along the cable trench through the permeable infill materials 1a) Groundwater (likely to be shallow groundwater associate with River Liffey) and/or 1b) Surface water (River Liffey directly adjacent to cable run to east of leak location): direct contact or adjacent to the trench, likely to act as a LNAPL 2 Consequence Probability of Risk of Risk Being Risk Classificat Realised Realised ion 1a) Groundwater Medium 1a) Groundwater Likely Moderate Risk Being 1b) Surface 1b) Surface water Water Likely Medium Comments 1a) Mineral oil is classified as hazardous in groundwater. Considering the location of the river and relative geology there may be shallow groundwater at the spill location that could be impacted. It is recognised at this location shallow groundwater is not a potential resource and is likely to flow towards the River Liffey 1b) The nearest surface water receptor along the cable run is the River Liffey approximately 80 m north of the Site which is a potential receptor. The cable route passes close to the River Liffey increasing the likelihood of impact to the receptor. Mineral oil and LAB are not highly toxic to aquatic life. Migration along other 2a) Groundwater 2a) service and/or Groundwater trenches/pipes Medium 2b) Surface water: direct contact or GOLDER - 2a) Groundwater Likely Moderate Risk 2a) Mineral oil is classified as hazardous in groundwater. Considering the location of the river and relative geology there may be shallow groundwater at the spill location that could be impacted. It is 14 06 May 2020 Linkage 19126590.10.A.5 Source Pathway Receptor Number Consequence Probability of Risk of Risk Being Risk Classificat Realised Realised Being adjacent to the 2b) Surface 2b) Surface trench, likely to act water Water Likely as a LNAPL Medium Comments ion recognised at this location shallow groundwater is not a potential resource and is likely to flow towards the River Liffey 2b) The nearest surface water receptor along the cable run is the River Liffey approximately 80 m north of the Site which is a potential receptor. The cable route passes close to the River Liffey increasing the likelihood of impact to the receptor. Mineral oil and LAB are not highly toxic to aquatic life. 3 Mains water pipes Mild (due to Unlikely presence of mineral oil) GOLDER - Very Low Mains water pipes remain in positive Risk pressure, ensuring that any water in areas of damaged pipework/leaks is forced out from the pipe, rather than allowing ingress into the water pipes. At this time, LAB and mineral oil is not known to be aggressive to plastic or metal pipework, or cause leaching from plastic pipework. 15 06 May 2020 Linkage 19126590.10.A.5 Source Pathway Receptor Number 4 Free-phase Migration along Luas LAB and line infrastructure blended mineral oil from the cable leak Consequence Probability of Risk of Risk Being Risk Classificat Realised Realised ion 4a) Groundwater Medium Moderate Risk 4a) Groundwater Medium and/or 4b) Surface water: direct contact or adjacent to the trench, likely to act as a LNAPL Being 4b) Surface water Medium Comments 4a) Mineral oil is classified as hazardous in groundwater. Considering the location of the river and relative geology there may be shallow groundwater at the spill location that could be impacted. It is recognised at this location shallow groundwater is not a potential resource and is likely to flow towards the River Liffey. 4b) The nearest surface water receptor along the cable run is the River Liffey approximately 80 m north of the Site which is a potential receptor. The Luas line infrastructure may act as a preferential pathway similar to other utilities/trenches in the area. The Luas line crosses the Liffey and can act as a preferential pathway. Mineral oil and LAB are not highly toxic to aquatic life. 5 LAB and blended mineral oil in unsaturated Infiltration of rain, Groundwater leaching of contaminants, and vertical/horizontal Medium GOLDER - Low Likelihood Moderate/ Low Risk There may be shallow groundwater beneath the site. The area is covered in hardstanding (tarmacadam and concrete) and has surface water drainage to the 16 06 May 2020 Linkage 19126590.10.A.5 Source Pathway Receptor Number Consequence Probability of Risk of Risk Being Risk Classificat Realised Realised Being ion soils from the migration of dissolved cable leak contaminants 6 LAB and blended mineral oil in groundwater from the cable leak (low solubility) Dissolution of contaminants, vertical and lateral migration of dissolved contaminants in groundwater Comments nearby Liffey lessening infiltration rates. Mineral oil is classified as hazardous in groundwater. 6a) Groundwater Medium and/or 6b) Surface water: direct contact or adjacent to the trench. Impacts to the groundwater body beneath the Site which has currently "Good" status Low Likelihood Moderate/ Low Risk 6a) There may be shallow groundwater beneath the site. It is not understood if this water is perched or in hydraulic continuity with the groundwater body beneath. The area is covered in hardstanding (tarmacadam and concrete) and has surface water drainage to the nearby Liffey lessening infiltration rates. Mineral oil is classified as hazardous in groundwater. 6b) The nearest surface water receptor along the cable run is the River Liffey approximately 80 m north of the site which is a potential receptor. The cable route passes close to the River Liffey increasing the likelihood of impact to the receptor. Mineral oil and LAB are not highly toxic to aquatic life. Notes: PPE = Personal Protective Equipment. Drawing 3 provides a visual representation of Table 6, and highlights the potential pollutant linkages identified in the preliminary CSM assessment. GOLDER - 17 06 May 2020 19126590.10.A.5 As defined in the guidance, risk is only realised when a linkage is proven between the source, pathway, and receptor. The linkage must be present between all three elements for a risk to be realised. Risk due to short term exposure, for example ground workers, are not considered here as they should be managed by appropriate use of PPE or other measures identified in a contractors Risk Assessment and Method Statement (RAMS) documents. During the risk analysis, Golder reviewed several relevant source, pathways, and receptors, and subsequently discounted the risks show in Table 7, as there are incomplete linkages i.e. a potential risk not possible for a given scenario. Table 7: Summary of Incomplete Source, Pathway, Receptor Linkages Considered Source Pathway Receptor Pollutant Linkage Identified? 1,400 L LAB and blended mineral oil Dust and soil (from near surface soils) Short-term Public (i.e. passers-by, not Pathway linkage not viable from cable approximately 0.9 m deep ingestion – area covered by workers) adjacent to Heuston Station hardstanding and leak occurring approximately 0.9 m from surface. 1,400 L LAB and blended mineral oil Dermal contact (from near surface Short-term Public (i.e. passers-by, not Pathway linkage not viable from cable approximately 0.9 m deep soils) – area covered by hardstanding workers) adjacent to Heuston Station and leak occurring approximately 0.9 m from surface (not in contact with surface soils). 1,400 L LAB and blended mineral oil Dust (from near surface soils) Short-term Public (i.e. passers-by, not Pathway linkage not viable from cable approximately 0.9 m deep inhalation – area covered by workers) adjacent to Heuston Station hardstanding and leak occurring approximately 0.9 m from surface. 1,400 L LAB and blended mineral oil Soil ingestion from homegrown Local residents with gardens from cable approximately 0.9 m deep vegetables - residential housing at a adjacent to Heuston Station significant distance from the source, source likely to stay at depth (minimum 0.9 m). GOLDER - Pathway linkage not viable 18 06 May 2020 Source 19126590.10.A.5 Pathway Receptor Pollutant Linkage Identified? 1,400 L LAB and blended mineral oil Volatisation and migration of vapours, Workers (Heuston Station, Diageo, Short term exposure risks not from cable approximately 0.9 m deep accumulation in underground ducts, HSE Building, etc) – Short term examined in the PSA which deals with adjacent to Heuston Station services, cellars and basements exposure risk is not assessed in the long term (chronic) risks to receptors. PSA as it is outside the scope of this report. Short term exposure risks to workers are assessed as part of the Health and Safety Risk assessment (RAMS). Standard PPE measures apply for workers engaged in groundworks in Made Ground to minimise contact with potential contaminants and additional measures are not considered necessary. GOLDER - 19 06 May 2020 8.0 19126590.10.A.5 RISK EVALUATION Potential pollutant linkages that could impact the identified receptors have been identified in the Preliminary CSM assessment. These linkages have been identified where the source, pathway, and receptor are all present and potentially viable, and the source is therefore considered to pose a theoretical risk to the identified receptors. As discussed in the CSM, the closest protected sites are the South Dublin Bay South SAC and the South Dublin Bay and River Tolka Estuary SPA. These sites are located approximately 5.4 km from the leak location and are not considered viable receptors at this location as no pathway exists over this distance in soil or groundwater to impact these sites. Golder recognises that at present the ability of LAB and mineral oil to penetrate water pipes is not a fully understood risk, albeit likely to be a low risk. In the event that they are able to penetrate water pipes, then it is possible to examine the potential for them to dissolve in the water in the pipes and compare this to potential toxicity and drinking water limits (if available). The WHO drinking water guideline value for EC10 –EC 12, EC12–EC16 aromatic fraction (Petroleum Products in Drinking-water, Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, 2008) is 0.09 mg/l. The solubility limit of LAB is 0.041 mg/L (OECD). Therefore, it is not possible for LAB to dissolve into water in supply pipes above the drinking water limit i.e. the drinking water guidance cannot be exceeded. Furthermore, presuming permeation of LAB through the pipe is occurring, the maximum solubility limit (0.041 mg/l) could potentially be reached if water within the pipe was stagnant and allowed to fully dissolve or equilibrate over time; however, Golder understands that water will be moving in the pipe making it difficult for LAB to reach its solubility limit. Accordingly, the probability of the risk would be considered unlikely i.e. pollutant linkage may be present in such a scenario, but the circumstances under which harm would occur are improbable. Therefore, along with a medium potential hazard, this would result in an overall rating of ‘Low Risk’. At present Golder consider that the potential vertical migration of COPCs through the Dublin Boulder Clays (estimated as several metres thick) is low and consider the risks to the deep groundwater body from this leak to be low. However, it is likely that a shallow or perched groundwater body may be present within Fluvial Deposits (presence and depth not confirmed) and/or Made Ground within close proximity of the River Liffey, which are not protected from migration of LNAPL/dissolved phase COPCs by the Boulder Clay. Migration into shallow perched groundwater is likely to be a significant pollutant linkage for both COPCs however this perched water is not considered to be a useable resource in this area of Dublin city. The deeper aquifer beneath the boulder clays is the potentially useable resource which is well protected. Shallow perched water is likely to flow towards the River Liffey in this location and a potential risk to the River is noted from this linkage. The availability of lateral preferential pathways along ducting routes is likely to be a pollutant linkage due to the significant presence of industrial and infrastructure within close proximity of the indicative leak location. These utilities may act as a preferential pathway migrating COPCs towards the River Liffey. 8.1 Conclusions Due to the known leak of cable fluid into the permeable cable trench material, and the unknown characteristics (e.g. permeability) of the Made Ground likely to be surrounding the trench, there is the potential for lateral migration of contaminants along ducting routes and laterally into shallow/perched groundwater bodies. These are considered to be the primary risk drivers for this Site at present. Golder will present recommendations to address the potential risks under separate cover. GOLDER - 20 06 May 2020 9.0 19126590.10.A.5 REFERENCES CIRIA (2002) “Contaminated Land Risk Assessment a Guide to Good practice” (C522). Environmental Protection Agency (2020) “Environmental Protection Agency Investigation into ESB Networks Fluid Filled Underground Electricity Cable Leaks”. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2013) “Guidance on the Management of Contaminated Land and Groundwater at EPA Licenced Sites”. The European Chemicals Bureau 1st Priority List (Volume 3) “Union Risk Assessment Report CAS No 6777474-7” (1999) European Commission Joint Research Centre (EC) (1997) European Union Risk Assessment Report Volume 3: benzene, C10-13 alkyl derivatives risk assessment. EUR 19011 EN. Final report, dated 30 June 1997. F&G (1995) Safety Data Sheet (93/112/EC). Dated October 1995. Fernandez, C., Alonso, C., Garcia, P, Tarazona, J.V., Carbonell, G. (2002) Toxicity of Linear Alkyl Benzenes (LABs) to the Aquatic Crustacean Daphnia magna through Waterborne and Food Chain Exposures. Bulletin for Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol 68, issue 5, pp 637-643. H&R ESP (undated) Material Safety Data Sheet for T 3788. MSDS Revision No. 00/09/05. ReachCentrum (2012) https://www.reachcentrum.eu/consortium/linear-alkyl-benzene-lab-derivatives-reachconsortium-131.html# accessed 8 July 2019. WHO (2008) Petroleum Products in Drinking-water, Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, GOLDER - 21 06 May 2020 19126590.10.A.5 Signature Page Golder Associates Ireland Limited Greg Fortune Geo Environmental Engineer Trevor Montague Geo Environmental Director BG&EMcA/GF&TM/mb Registered in Ireland Registration No. 297875 Town Centre House, Dublin Road, Naas, Co. Kildare, W91 TD0P, Ireland Directors: S. Copping, A. Harris, DRV Jones VAT No.: 8297875W GOLDER - 22 06 May 2020 19126590.10.A.5 Drawings GOLDER - 23 314100 313500 313800 314100 75 150 1:2,600 METRES PROJECT CLIENT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS OF ESB NETWORKS HISTORIC FLUID FILLED CABLE LOSS ESB CONSULTANT REFERENCE(S) 1. COORDINATE SYSTEM: TM65 IRISH GRID YYYY-MM-DD 2019 JUL 08 DESIGNED KP PREPARED KP REVIEWED TM APPROVED EMCA TITLE SITE LOCATION - SITE 10 PROJECT NO. 19126590 CONTROL 600-SW-025 REV. B.0 DRAWING 1 0 0 234000 IF THIS MEASUREMENT DOES NOT MATCH WHAT IS SHOWN, THE SHEET SIZE HAS BEEN MODIFIED FROM: ISO A3 DRAFT FOR ISSUE 25mm 234000 PATH: \\rdc1-v-gisuk01\Data\ESB\Dublin\99_PROJECTS\P19126590\6xx\02_PRODUCTION\MXD\19126590_6xx_025_SW_D001.mxd PRINTED ON: 2019-07-08 AT: 8:29:17 PM 234300 313800 234300 313500 313500 313800 314100 River Liffey 80m N 234300 234300 " ) DRAFT Receptor 0 Estimated Location of River Culvert Receptors 500 - 1000 m from Leak Location 314100 FORI SSUE 75 150 1:2,785 METRES PROJECT CLIENT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS OF ESB NETWORKS HISTORIC FLUID FILLED CABLE LOSS ESB CONSULTANT REFERENCE( S) 1. COORDINATE SYSTEM: TM65 IRISH GRID YYYY-MM-DD 2019 JUL 09 DESIGNED KP PREPARED KP REVIEWED TM APPROVED EMCA 234000 IF THIS MEASUREMENT DOES NOT MATCH WHAT IS SHOWN, THE SHEET SIZE HAS BEEN MODIFIED FROM: ISO A3 " ) 313800 TITLE PRELI MI NARYSOURCE–PATHWAYS–RECEPTORS I DENTI FI ED PROJECT NO. 19126590 CONTROL 600-SW-032 REV. B.0 DRAWING 2 0 LEGEND 313500 25mm Saint Patrick's University Hospital 220m " ) 234000 PATH: \\rdc1-v-gisuk01\Data\ESB\Dublin\99_PROJECTS\P19126590\6xx\02_PRODUCTION\MXD\19126590_6xx_032_SW_D002.mxd PRINTED ON: 2019-07-09 AT: 4:04:54 PM River Cammock " ) 40m W NORTH -WEST SOUTH-EAST INFILTRATION LIMITED DUE TO HARD SURFACING IN URBAN ENVIRONMENT 10 ST JAMES’S GATE BREWERY LEGEND POTENTIAL WATER TABLE POTENTIAL GROUNDWATER FLOW 8 SEÀN HEUSTON RAILWAY STATION FACTORY CABLE (0.9 m DEEP) 6 OTHER SERVICE DUCTS TRAM LINE RIVER LIFFEY 4 ? MADE GROUND ? ? FLUVIAL DEPOSITS 2 SAND (0.35 m THICK SURROUNDING THE CABLE) BROWN SILTY CLAY (m AOD) POSSIBLE BASEMENT TO RIVER LIFFEY ? ? ? POTENTIAL LNAPL WITHIN MADE GROUND AND SHALLOW BOULDER CLAY, AND PERCHED GROUNDWATER 0 -2 BLACK SILTY GRAVEL CLAY (BOULDER CLAY) -4 -6 WEATHERED ROCK -8 ? ? ? UPPER IMPURE LIMESTONE (DEPTH NOT PROVEN) (FRACTURE FLOW DOMINANT) ? ? ? ? TO RIVER LIFFEY -10 60 m 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 m CLIENT PROJECT ESB ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS OF ESB NETWORKS HISTORIC FLUID FILLED CABLE LOSS CONSULTANT 2019-08-09 SHEET TITLE PREPARED ECS PRELIMINARY CSM (IDENTIFYING POLLUTANT LINKAGES) KINGSBRIDGE TO WATLING STREET (HEUSTON STATION) (SITE 10) DESIGN EMcA REVIEW EMcA APPROVED TM YYYY-MM-DD PROJECT NO CONTROL 19126590 1001-EA-0009 REV A DRAWING 3 06 May 2020 19126590.10.A.5 APPENDIX A Relevant Photographs Recorded During the Site Walkover GOLDER - 19126590 – Site Walkover Photographs Site 10 Kingsbridge – Watling Street 10-01 – Manhole cover observed at indicative leak location, 10-02 – Algae, muds, and debris observed on quay wall between the road and Luas Stop. (observed from opposite side of the river). Appearance on quay wall seems consistent, with little variance or dieback. 10-03 – Algae, muds, and debris observed on quay wall 10-04 – Road surfacing in generally good condition on (observed from opposite side of the river). Appearance on Victoria Quay, with some small areas of tarmac repair. quay wall seems consistent, with little variance or dieback. 1 19126590 – Site Walkover Photographs Site 9 Kingsbridge – Watling Street 10-05 – Small areas of staining on Victoria Quay consistent 10-06 – Small areas of staining on Victoria Quay consistent with staining from parked vehicles. with staining from parked vehicles. 10-07 – Evidence of significant road resurfacing/works in 10-08 – Cracks in concrete outside the HSE building on front of HSE building on R148. R148 evident. 2 19126590 – Site Walkover Photographs Site 9 Kingsbridge – Watling Street 10-09 – Concrete surfacing outside of electrical substation. Concrete appears to be of a different age to surrounding concrete, which could indicate different resurfacing/road works. 3 06 May 2020 19126590.10.A.5 APPENDIX B MSDS for T 3788 (LAB) and Masse 106 Mineral Oil GOLDER - MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET 1: IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE / PREPARATION AND OF THE COMPANY / UNDERTAKING Product Name: Application: Company: Address: T 3788 Hollow-core Energy Cable Saturant H&R ESP Ltd. Matrix House North 4th Street Milton Keynes, MK9 1NJ United Kingdom Telephone: +44 (0)1908 351 111 Fax: +44 (0)1908 351122 2: COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS Composition: Low viscosity compound based on a blend of linear alkyl benzenes that have side alkyl chains of 10 – 13 carbon atoms in length. Synonyms: Linear Alkyl Benzenes Alkyl C10-C13, benzenes Benzene, C10-13-alkyl-deriv. Detergent Alkylate Composition C10 – C13 Linear Alkyl Benzenes EINECS number 267-051-0 CAS number 67774-74-7 Symbol Risk letters numbers Not regulated Concentration range 100% All constituents of this product are listed in EINECS (European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances) or ELINCS (European List of Notified Chemical Substances) or are exempt. 3: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION Classification of preparation: This product is not classified as a dangerous substance / preparation in accordance with The Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 2002 (CHIP3). Physical and Chemical Properties: Not classified as flammable, but will burn. Avoid contact with strong oxidisers. T 3788 MSDS Revision No. 00/09/05 Page 1 of 7 Health Effects Skin: Eyes: Ingestion: Inhalation: Contact with the skin may cause irritation. Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause drying of the skin, progressing to dermatitis. Symptoms may include itching, discolouration, swelling and blistering. Contact with the eyes may cause irritation. Symptoms may include reddening, swelling and impaired vision. Ingestion of small amounts may cause nausea and vomiting. Due to low volatility, this product should not present an inhalation hazard under ambient conditions. Exposure to vapour or mineral oil mists may irritate the mucous membranes and cause dizziness, headaches and nausea. Environmental Effects No specific hazards under normal use conditions. 4: FIRST AID MEASURES Inhalation: Skin contact: Eye contact: Ingestion: Remove from further exposure. If respiratory irritation, dizziness, nausea, or unconsciousness occurs, seek immediate medical assistance and call a doctor. If breathing has stopped, administer artificial respiration. Remove contaminated clothing and wash affected skin with soap and water. If persistent irritation occurs, obtain medical attention. If high pressure injection injuries occur, obtain medical attention immediately. Flush eye with copious quantities of water. If persistent irritation occurs, obtain medical attention. Wash out mouth with water and obtain medical attention. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. 5: FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES Suitable extinguishing media: Unsuitable extinguishing media: Special exposure hazards: Special protective equipment: Carbon dioxide (CO2), dry chemical, foam or water spray. Do not use water jets. Combustion is likely to give rise to a complex mixture of airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases, including carbon monoxide, and unidentified organic and inorganic compounds. Proper protective equipment including breathing apparatus must be worn when approaching a fire in a confined space. T 3788 MSDS Revision No. 00/09/05 Page 2 of 7 6: ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES Personal Precautions: Environmental Precautions: Methods for cleaning up: Spilt product presents a significant slip hazard. Remove any sources of heat. Prevent from spreading or entering into drains, sewers and watercourses by using inert absorbent material or other appropriate barriers. Inform local authorities if this cannot be prevented. Absorb liquid with inert absorbent material. Sweep up and remove to a suitable, clearly marked container for disposal in accordance with local and national regulations 7: HANDLING AND STORAGE Handling: Storage: Do not eat, drink or smoke whilst using this product. To avoid the possibility of skin disorders repeated or prolonged contact with products of this type must be avoided. It is essential to maintain a high standard of personal hygiene. Store in a cool place away from sources of heat and out of direct sunlight to avoid pressure build up. Do not store near oxidisers. Handling and Storage Materials and Coatings Suitable: Carbon steel, baked epoxy or Phenolic coatings, aluminium. Unsuitable: Natural rubber, Butyl rubber 8: EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION Occupational Exposure Limits: Not established. Engineering control measures: Use of local exhaust ventilation is recommended whenever this product is used in a confined space, is heated above ambient temperatures, or is agitated. Wash hands before eating, drinking, smoking and using the toilet. Gloves should be washed before being removed. Normally not required if adequate ventilation is in place. Where concentrations in air may exceed the limits given in this section, it is recommended to use a half mask respirator to protect from over exposure by inhalation. Suitable filter material depends on the amount and type of chemicals being handled, but filter material suitable for organic vapours may be considered for use. When handling this product it is recommended to wear chemical resistant gloves. Suggested materials for protective gloves include: PVC, Neoprene or similar. Wear eye protection such as safety glasses, chemical goggles, or face shield if engineering controls or work practices are not adequate to prevent eye contact. Have suitable eye wash water available. Hygiene measures: Respiratory Protection: Hand Protection: Eye Protection: T 3788 MSDS Revision No. 00/09/05 Page 3 of 7 Skin Protection: Wear impervious protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Selection of protective clothing may include gloves, apron, boots, and complete facial protection depending on operations conducted. 9: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES General Information Appearance: Odour: Clear, colourless liquid Mild petroleum odour Health, safety and environmental information pH: Not determined Boiling point/range: 280°C Flash point: >135°C Flammability: Non flammable Explosive properties: Not explosive Oxidising properties: Not applicable Vapour pressure at 20°C: <0.02 kPa Density: 0.86 g/cm-3 at 20°C typical Solubility in water: Insoluble Kinematic Viscosity at 20°C: 4.0 – 4.5 cSt (4.0 – 4.5 mm2/s) typical Vapour density (Air=1): >1 Evaporation rate: Not determined Other information Pour point: Expansion coefficient: Neutralisation value: -60°C typical 0.0007 /°C typical 0.03 mg KOH g-1 maximum 10: STABILITY AND REACTIVITY Chemical stability: This material is considered stable under normal ambient and anticipated storage and handling conditions of temperature and pressure and will not polymerise. Conditions to avoid: Temperatures above 140°C Materials to avoid: Strong oxidising agents, such as liquid chlorine, concentrated oxygen, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, peroxides etc, as this may present an explosion hazard. Hazardous decomposition products: Carbon monoxide and irritant fumes may be generated if this product is burned in an enclosed space. T 3788 MSDS Revision No. 00/09/05 Page 4 of 7 11: TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION Basis for assessment: Toxicological data have not been determined specifically for this product. Information given is based on a knowledge of the components and the toxicology of similar products. Acute toxicity: Oral LD50 expected to be >5000 mg/kg (rat) Inhalation LC50/4hr expected to be >1.8 mg/l (rat) Dermal LD50 expected to be >2000 mg/kg (rabbit) Corrosivity/irritation: Eye: Skin: Respiratory tract: Skin sensitisation: Repeated-dose toxicity: Mutagenicity: Carcinogenicity: Reproductive toxicity: May be slightly irritant May be slightly irritant If mists are inhaled, slight irritation of the respiratory tract may occur Not expected to be a skin sensitiser Prolonged and/or repeated contact may lead to irritation and possibly dermatitis, especially under conditions of poor personal hygiene. Not expected to be a mutagen. Not expected to be a carcinogen. The preparation has not been assessed at all for this endpoint, so its hazardous property in this regard is not known. 12: ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION Basis for assessment: Ecotoxicity: Mobility: Persistence and degradability: Bioaccumulative potential: Ecotoxicological data have not been determined specifically for this product. Information given is based on a knowledge of the components and the ecotoxicology of similar products. Poorly soluble mixture. Product is not expected to be ecotoxic to fish/daphinia/algae, or sewage bacteria. This preparation is expected to be removed in a wastewater treatment facility Liquid under most environmental conditions. Floats on water. If it enters soil, it will adsorb to soil particles and will not be mobile. Readily biodegradable. Soils degradation – half life approx. 15 days. Natural waters degradation – half life approx. 4 – 9 days. May have the potential to bioaccumulate T 3788 MSDS Revision No. 00/09/05 Page 5 of 7 13: DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS Disposal must be in accordance with local and national legislation. Unused Product: Used/Contaminated Product: Packaging: Dispose of through an authorised waste contractor to a licensed site. May be incinerated. Dispose of through an authorised waste contractor to a licensed site. May be incinerated. Dispose of through an authorised waste contractor. May be steam cleaned and recycled. 14: TRANSPORT INFORMATION This product is not classified as dangerous for transport. 15: REGULATORY INFORMATION Classification/Symbol: Not Regulated This preparation is not classified as Dangerous according to EU Directives This safety data sheet is intended to assist in compliance with the following UK legislation: • Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 2002 • Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002. • Health and Safety at Work, etc. Act 1974. • Environmental Protection Act 1990 • Environmental Protection (Duty of Care) Regs. 1991 • COSHH essentials: Easy steps to control chemicals. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations Further Guidance The following guidance notes are available from HMSO or HSE. Occupational exposure limits (EH 40). Effects of mineral oil on the skin (SHW 397). Preventing dermatitis at work (INDG 233) A step by step guide to COSHH assessment (HSG 97) Assessing and managing risks at work from skin exposure to chemical agents (HSG 205) The selection, use and maintenance of respiratory protective equipment: A practical guide (HSG 53) Relevant EC Directives: • Dangerous Substances Directive (DSD) • Dangerous Preparations Directive (DPD) • Safety Data Sheets Directive (SDSD) • Health & Safety Framework Directive T 3788 MSDS Revision No. 00/09/05 Page 6 of 7 16: OTHER INFORMATION This data sheet was prepared in accordance with Commission Directive 2001/58/ECand SI 2002 No. 1689 (CHIP 3) Key References: • Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 2002 • The compilation of safety data sheets. Approved Code of Practice (third edition) th • Approved supply list (7 Edition). Information approved for the classification and labelling of substances and preparations dangerous for supply. Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 2002 • Approved classification and labelling guide. Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 2002. Guidance on regulations (Fifth edition). • EH40/2005 Workplace Exposure Limits 2005 • COSHH essentials: Easy steps to control chemicals. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations • European Inventory of Existing Commercial Substances (EINECS) The data and advice given apply when the product is sold for the stated application or applications. The product is not sold as suitable for any other application. Use of the product for applications other than as stated in this sheet may give rise to risks not mentioned in this sheet. You should not use the product other than for the stated application or applications without seeking advice from us. If you have purchased the product for supply to a third party for use at work, it is your duty to take all necessary steps to secure that any person handling or using this product is provided with the information in this sheet. If you are an employer, it is your duty to tell your employees and others who may be affected of any hazards described in this sheet and of any precautions that should be taken. We believe, in good faith and to the best of our knowledge that the preceding information is accurate. However, we give no guarantee or warranty in this respect. The information provided herein may not be adequate for all individuals and/or all situations. The purchaser/user of the product remains responsible for storing, using or dealing with the product safely and in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations. T 3788 MSDS Revision No. 00/09/05 Page 7 of 7 +49- 221-6762640 F&G EHU CABLES DIU. +49 221 6762640'5.05.97 09: 18 m Safety Data Sheet (93/1 12/EC) ~~~~~~~~~~~--- ~~~~~~~~~ (~,.'..__. Date of edition: October 1995 \ 1. Identification of Substance/Preparation and Company Product name: Masse 106 Supplier: FELTEN & GUILLEAUME Energietechnik AG Scl:anzenstrafie 24-30 51063 Koln - Erner ~ency telephone number: 0221/676-3333 - 2. Composition/Information on ln1redlents Blend of h ighly refined mineral oils and additives. On th ~ basis of available information, the components of this preparation are not expected to impai t hazardous properties to this product. 3. -- Hazards ldentifikation Human H ealth H azards If swallo wed, aspiration i1;no the lwtgs may cause chemical pneumonitis. Prolonged or repeated exposure may give rise to dennatitis. No specific hazards under nonnal use conditions. Safet. • hazards Tlv>. preparation contaius mineral oil. for which an exposure limit for oil mist applies. Envil :JmencaJ haz.ards Av ,;d spillage. Th poduct IS JlOt ! 4. ~.~aui:y uiode~r<1.ual>icL First Aid Measures Inhai....tion R~r.iove to fresh air. If .l:~athing but w\conscious, place in the recovery position. If breathing has stopped, apply artificial respiration. M~~ical attention is to be obtained immediately. Skin Rtmove con1ami..nated clothing and wash affected skin with soap and water. If high pressure injection injuries occur, obtain medical attention immediately. Eye RiMSe immediately with plenty of water for ar least 10 minutes and seek medical advice. Ingestion D" not induce vomiting. As«iration into the lungs may occur directly or following ingestion. This can cause chemical ? newnonitis wL·.r-h may be fatal. It <'teathi.ng but w1conscious, place in the recovery position. If t:~ath.Wg bas stopped, apply anificia.1 respiration. Medical attention is to be obtained immediat~1y. Advice to physicians Trtd syrnpromatically s. - Fire Fighting Measures Extinguishing media Foam. dry chemical powder. carbon dioxidf, sand or earth. page 114 - ----...-.,...,.-.-,--7. - .. .-. - ........,.,.. _...... _ _ ..,, . ···-··· • • - · - - · -- -··· ·-·- ~ -- -- - - - •o- - · - · · ··· +49- 221-6762640 F&G EHU CABLES DI U. +49 221 6762641'15.0~09• 18 Safety Data Sheet (93/112/EC) <'"]:) ''. ...:,.:~: Date of edition: October 1995 Product name: Masse l 06 S. Fire Fighting Measures (continued) Unsuite.ble extinguishing media Do Mt use water in a jet ·specifi~ 6. hazards Comhustion is likely to give rise to a complex mixture of gases aad airborne particulates, including carbon mouoxide, oxides of sulpbw- and unideutifted organic: and inorganic compounds. - Accidental Release Measures Personal precautions Vemilace contaminated area thoroughly. Minimise contact with skin. Enviro,1mental precautions Prevent further leakage or spillage a.ud prevent from entering drains. Prevent from spreading or eo1eriug into drains. ditches or rivers by using sand, earth or other appropriate barriers. Clean-up methods Absorb or contain liquid with sand, earth or spill conrrol material. Sho' el into a suirable. clearly marked comaloer for disposal or reclamation in accordance wi1h local regu:1tions. 1-----· ----------------------- -----··- -----1 7. Hand1: and Storage i tg Hand:; J,S WI-. ~ : usil1g t o not eat er ctri11k. W\:! ; handling product in drums. safely footwear should be worn and proper handling equip1r. ~ at should be useJ Pre' : nt spilla~es. Stora£..: Kee.i container tightly closed and in a well ventilated place. Avoid direct swili~ht, heat sources and strong oxlc!isi.ag agents. Rec· >mmended materials: mild steel, high deusity polyethylene for containers or container linings. ~----· 8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection Engineering control measures Use .Jcly in well ventilated areas. Occupational exposure standards Co~1:ponent name Oil mist Limit type Value/Unit 8 h TWA 10 min STEL S mg/m' 10 mg/m' Other information ACGIH ACGIH Respir.:tory Protection Ne> (.\Ocmally required. If c i mist C:a.Dllot be controlled, a respiraror fitted with an organic: vapour cartrige combined vlltb a pari culate prefilter should be used. Hand ~rotection pyr, or ni1ril rubber gloves if splashes are likely to occur and if applicable. Eye P :.>tection Safu y spectacles Body t>rotection MU.imise all fonns of skin contact. page 2/4 --- ---- .. .. . _ .. - - - -- ------..,...- - -- ·-··- --, ......• · ~- -·---~ +49-221-6762640 F&G EHU CABLES DIU. +49 221 67626405.0~09, 19 Safety Data Sheet (93/112/EC, G;:i Date of edition: October 1995 Product Pame: Masse 106 8. Expos?lfe Controls and Personal Protection (continued) Hygiene measures Don't keep oily raes in your pockecs. Wash hands before eating and drinking. 9.- Physical and Chemical Properties form liquid colour yellow pourpoint <-60'C DIN ISO 301 6 flashpcit\t i4s·c DIN 51758 f\amrn; ';tlity. lower limit (vol%) 0,6 tlarnmaoility • upper limit (vol%) 6,S vapour pressure (20'C) < 0,01 hPa density (l 5"C) 888 kt:fm, solubili·Yin water (20'C) negligible n-octru•;;:/water partition c~ff. na kinem.:\:ic viscosity (40' C) 8,S mm1/s DIN 51757 DIN 51562 1---------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ··------i 10. Stabll ~y/Re;act1vity Stability stab:,! under normal use conditions Mater :.i.ls to avoid str· cg oxidising agents Haza: dous decomposition products Ha.~ ardous decomposition products are not expeered to fonn dwing nonnal storage. 1------- 11 . Toxkological Information ··-------1 Tox.ieological Data: Acute toxicity - oral LD ~ 0 is expected to be > 2000 rng/k~ . Irritai.ion of skin, irritation of eye The product is expected to be sliglitly irritant. Sensitisation of skin The produkt is not expected to be a skin sensitiser. Prolonged and/or repeated contact Pr.:longed/repeated contact may cause defaning of the skin, which c4Il lead to dennatitis aod may make the sL•' more susceptible to irritation and penetration by other materials. Carci:1ogenicity Prr duct is based on mineral oils of types shown to be non· carc.i.nogcnic iD animal skin-pai.ntil' ~ studies. Other co~nponents are not known to be as$OCiated with carcinogenic effects. Other information A.s;iiration into the lungs may occur directly or following ingestion. 111.is can cause chemical r.newnonitis wb icb may be fatal. w{)fma1ion given is based 00 a .knowledge o\'the toxicology of similar products. ··-· · -~ -· · ·· · page 3/4 . .... " '· ·- -· ... ............ . . .. -··-·---- - - - --- +49-221-6762640 .. F&G EHU CABLES DIU. +49 221 Safety Data Sheet (93/11 2/EC) . ·.er.: . ..•::-.·::. C .·; Date of edition: October 1995 Product name: Masse 106 12. Ecological Information Basis for assessment Information given is based on data on the components and the ecotoxicology of similar products. Mobility - Product floats ou water. It is liquid Wlder most enviroomental conditions. If it enters soil, it will be adsorbed to soil particles and will not be mobile. Protl1lct has the potential to bioaccwnulate. Ecotoxicity Pro:luct is expected to be practically non-toxic to aquatic organisms. LC/ECSO > 100 mg/L. ~---- 13. Dispo:; al Considerations Produ·.~t Precautions: Dispose to licensed disposal contractor. Wa.<>te disposal Nr. (D): 54106 Contamer disposal Drain container thoroughly. Dispose to licensed disposal contractor. Recomanded cleaning procedure Cle;tning by disposal contractor !------· · --------- -------------------- - - - 14. Tramport Information Prl.)dtt· . is not dangerous for conveyance wider UN, lMO, ADR/RID and IATA/ICAO COOl?S. (Accordiug ADR/, .1D reguiations from 1.1.1995) IS. Regu latory Information Class1ficati on Th.,: Product is not classified as dangerous under EC criteria. t----- 16. Othe}· Information -·----- Addi}:onal infonnations Concawe Report 5181 Health Aspects of Lubricants. This information is based on our current knowledge and is intended to describe the product for the purposes of health, safety and environmental requirements only. It shouJd therefore not be construed as guaranteeing any specific property of the product. page 4/4 06 May 2020 19126590.10.A.5 APPENDIX C CIRIA C522 Risk Analysis Definitions GOLDER - Licensed copy:Opus International Consultants, 30/01/2017, Uncontrolled Copy, © CIRIA Licensed copy:Opus International Consultants, 30/01/2017, Uncontrolled Copy, © CIRIA Licensed copy:Opus International Consultants, 30/01/2017, Uncontrolled Copy, © CIRIA Licensed copy:Opus International Consultants, 30/01/2017, Uncontrolled Copy, © CIRIA Licensed copy:Opus International Consultants, 30/01/2017, Uncontrolled Copy, © CIRIA golder.com