CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 DURATION Total Time: 8 Hour Day Seven (7) instructional hours MATERIALS, EQUIPMENT LOGISTICS Computer with PowerPoint capability PowerPoint Slide Presentation Multi-media projector and screen Respirator and carrying case Baton Riot Shield Duty belt Riot helmet with face shield Baton ring INSTRUCTIONAL GOAL At the conclusion of this class, police officers will be able to identify legal considerations concerning crowd situations, understand the nature of crowds, be familiar with the police response to crowds, gain knowledge of demonstrator groups and tactics, and identify and apply team tactics. COURSE OBJECTIVES By the end of this class, the officers will be able to: 1. 2. 6. 7. State different types of demonstrator groups and the tactics used by some Identify the need to assess both the size and nature of a crowd (SPO) Describe work force, equipment, and tactical alternatives usable in crowd control situations (SP0) 3. Identify the need to determine leaders and agitatdrs of hostile groups (SP0) 4. 5. Identify the proper application of 720 ILCS 5/25-1 (Mob Action) in regard to State the prOper procedures for effecting arrests in crowd conditions (SPO) crowd behavior enforcement (SPO) Understand legal considerations concerning crowd situations protester groups. Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 8. Describe and apply the team tactic formations that are used in crowd control s?ua?ons. HOUR ONE CROWDS AND THE POLICE 1. Display Media Slide 2: Hour One Introduction . At the outset of the class, the instructor(s) should introduce himself or herself, welcome the learners to the class, and provide a brief overview of the course of instruction. 2. Display Media Slide 3: State SPOs - By the end of this class, the officers will be able to: 1. Identify the need to assess both the size and nature of a crowd (SP0) 2. Describe work force, equipment, and tactical alternatives usable in crowd control situations (SP0) 3. Identify the need to determine leaders and agitators of hostile groups (SPO) 4. State the proper procedures for effecting arrests in crowd conditions (SP0) 5. Identify the proper application of 720 ILCS 5/25-1 (Mob Action) in regard to crowd behavior enforcement (SP0) 3. Display Media Slide 4: The Police Role in a Crowd Control Situation - The primary role of the police in both crowd control situations is control of the incident and the neutralization of aggressive crowds and individual behavior. Sometimes, the police contribute to an escalation of deviant behavior when we should work to de-escalate the situation. - People gather for a variety of reasons. They gather in small, spontaneous groups out of curiosity and in large formal groups out of common interest. The groups may be passive or aggressive, or a combination of both. Officers who encounter these groups must appraise the situation carefully and keep in mind that their primary responsibility is control of the situation. 4. Display Media Slide 5: Factors to Consider in a Crowd Control Situation *9 Instructor Note: Stress to the officers that caution and safety is paramount when Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic. September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 2 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 dealing with volatile crowds. - Factors to consider in a crowd situation are: The leg B. The right of the public to carry on business C. Your ability to handle the situation D. Emotional complexion of the crowd 5. Display Media Slide 6: Types of Crowds alt State SPO: Identify the need to assess the nature of a crowd - Nature of Crowds: Crowds come in a variety of sizes and assemble for a variety of reasons. Police officers are most interested in what the members of a group are going to do and why. - Types of crowds The following types of crowds have been? identified: 1. Casual Crowd (Example: people at a shopping center) 2. Cohesive Crowd (Examples: sporting events, concerts, attention gathering scenes such as a fire or a fight) 3. Expressive Crowd (Examples: crowds at a political rally, picket lines, and religious protests) 4. Aggressive Crowd: Ordinarily these people have come together because of strong feelings about some issue and show a unity of purpose. This type of crowd is the most difficult for a police officer to handle. . Casual crowds (can become) Cohesive crowds (can become) Expressive crowds (can become) Aggressive crowds (can become) A mob 6. Display Media Slide 7: Definition of a Mob - Definition crowd whose members, under a stimulus of intense excitement or agitation, lose their collective sense of reason and respect for the lawful process, and follow leaders or agitators in lawless acts. They may be concentrated and highly organized or widespread, unorganized, and difficult to confront and control. Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 3 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 7. Display Media Slide 8: Types of Mobs . Types of mobs 0 When a crowd becomes a mob, all restraint is lost. The presence of some identifiable leadership or the arrival of some hated figure can transform belligerence into chaos almost instantly. Various types of mobs are as follows: A. Aggressive: mobs, strikebreakers, etc. B. Escape: Generally a group of individuals who are driven by an overwhelming fear and the need to escape some danger. C. Acquisitive: A riot that turns to looting. D. Expressive: Rivalry between the members of a Crowd (example: political rally, concert, etc.) 8. Display Media Slides 9 and 10: Mob Action alt State SPO: Identify the proper application of 720 ILCS (Mob Action) in regard to crowd behavior enforcement . Mob Action (720 ILCS 5/25-1) A person commits the offense of mob action when he or she engages in any of the following: (1) the knowing or reckless use of force or violence disturbing the public peace by 2 or more persons acting together and without authority of law; (2) the knowing assembly of 2 or more persons with the intent to commit or facilitate the commission of a felony or misdemeanor; or (3) the knowing assembly of 2 or more persons, without authority of law, for the purpose of doing violence to the person or property of anyone supposed to have been guilty of a violation of the law, or for the purpose of exercising correctional powers or regulative powers over any person by violence. Mob action as defined in paragraph (1) of subsection is a Class 4 felony. Mob action as defined in paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection is a Class misdemeanor. Any participant in a mob action that by violence inflicts injury to the person or property of another commits a Class 4 felony. Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 4 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 Any participant in a mob action who does not withdraw on being commanded to do so by any peace officer commits a Class A misdemeanor. . Some other laws that crowds may violate, which are not all inclusive, are assault, aggravated assault, reckless conduct, resisting or obstructing a Peace Officer, looting by individuals, etc. . There are a variety of behaviors or personalities usually found in a crowd or mob. Among those identified are the: Impulsive Lawless Suggestible Cautious Yielders (these people do not participate) Resisters 00000 9. Display Media Slide 11: The Effects of Crowd Behavior on Individuals - The effects of crowd behavior on individuals: A. Anonymity (the belief that individual identities will not be uncovered) B. Conformity (individual members of the group act as others are acting in the crowd) 10. Display Media Slide 12: Police Response to Crowds State SPOs: 0 Identify the need to assess the size of a crowd 0 Identify the need to determine leaders and agitators of hostile groups - Police response to crowds: A. Officers must be able to identify the type and size of the crowd they are dealing with. The most effective response to a growing crowd, if they become aggressive, is an impressive show of strength in numbers. B. First arriving officers need to: 1. Take an immediate leadership role and call for supervision. It is important to remember that the police should not attempt to take any action until Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 5 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 they have a sufficient number of officers present that are likely to ensure success. 2. Remove Anonymity: Police can use a number of tactics to neutralize the feeling of anonymity. This is accomplished through positive identification. 3. Identifyleaders: f.the.lea.ders of..a group. can be identified and reasoned with, the situation can be neutralized. 11. Display Media Slide 13: Crowd Arrests State SPOs: 0 identify the proper procedures for effecting arrests in crowds 0 Identify the need to determine leaders and agitators of hostile groups . Crowd arrests C. In order for arrests to be effective they should be: 1. Swift 2. Discreet: particularly for the leaders as the conflict that can arise from an arrest can polarize or energize a crowd. 12. Display Media Slide 14: Recommended Workforce alt State SPO: Identify workforce, equipment, and tactical alternatives usable in crowd control situations . The recommended workforce in crowd control situations per the IL State 0 Police officers must remember that any attempt to forcibly disperse a crowd must not be undertaken until there are a sufficient number of officers present. A. A general rule of thumb is that 1/3 of the officers present should directly engage the crowd, 1/3 should be present to directly support the fonNard group, and 1/3 in reserve. B. If an attempt is going to be undertaken to divide or disperse the crowd, they must be provided with an avenue of escape. C. Force should be considered a last resort 13. Display Media Slide 15: Recommended Equipment Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 6 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 - Equipment that can be used in crowd control situations per the IL State A. Baton or Riot Stick B. Shotgun C. Helmet w/ Visor D. Radio E. Gloves F. Boots G. Shin Guards H. Shields 14. Display Media Slide 16: Tactical Alternatives - Tactical alternatives usable in crowd control situations per the IL State 0 When lone officers (or an easily ovenNhelmed number of officers) encounter a hostile crowd they should: A. Move to a safe position and call for back-up B. Monitor the growth and actions of the crowd and notify Communications C. Move to and maintain a position that eliminates the possibility of attack from behind D. (Example: back to a wall, move away in a side-step fashion, keeping your back to that of other officers present) E. Notify the crowd that back-up is on the way (You may want to wait until it is nearby) F. Direct your attention to the loudest person in the crowd or the obvious leader G. Use a loud and firm voice (choose your words carefully) as it is always easier to talk your way out of a dangerous situation than it is to fight your way out. H. Regardless of the number of officers present, the police must always control their behavior and emotions. I. If encountered in your vehicle: 1. Attempt to drive out of the situation 2. Use the system 3. Try to stay in the car if significantly outnumbered Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic. September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 7 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 HOUR TWO LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS 1. Display Media Slide 1: Hour Two Introduction - At the outset of the class, the instructor(s) should introduce himself or herself, welcome the learners to the class, and provide a brief overview of the second hour of instruction. 2. Display Media Slide 2: Learning Objectives Hour 2 . Understand legal considerations concerning crowd situations 3. Display Media Slide 3: The First Amendment - The First Amendment 0 The First Amendment of the United States Constitution states, ?Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.? 4. Display Media Slides 4 to 7: First Amendment Considerations - It is important to understand that, no matter how offensive the subject, the Constitution gives people the right to express it. The constitution of the United States grants citizens the right to assemble, communicate ideas, and share problems and desires. It is important to recognize these rights and react to crowd situations accordingly. Any unjust denial of these basic rights can give rise to feelings of frustration and desperation that can: A. Be exploited by elements of a community prone to violence and/or B. Serve for the foundation on which additional grievances can build 1. Both of these can lead to possible violent protests or actions . People gather for a variety of reasons. They gather in small, spontaneous groups out of curiosity and in large formal groups out of common interest. The groups may be passive or aggressive, or a combination of both. Officers who encounter Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 8 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 these groups must appraise the situation carefully and keep in mind that their primary responsibility is control of the situation. - Factors to consider in a crowd situation are: The legal rights of assembly The right of the public to carry on business Your ability to handle the situation Emotional complexion of the crowd 5. Display Media Slides 8 and 9: First Amendment Rights Upon the Public Way - According to G. 0. 02-02, The FirstAmendment and police actions, the public way generally includes public property held open to the public such as city parks, public streets, and sidewalks. The public way does not include privately-owned property, such as the United Center, and publicly-owned property not open to the public, such as the working area of a police facility. - Persons on the public way have a right to: 0 Express their views through any form of communication, including distribution or sale of newspapers, magazines, handbills or other printed matter; and Solicit financial contributions. - The rights protected by the First Amendment and exercised on the public way are not absolute and are subject to reasonable time, place, and manner restrictions, as well as any and all other applicable laws. - Persons on the public way may freely distribute, without charge to others, material or messages containing First Amendment protected ideas. . Generally, persons giving away items containing First Amendment protected messages are not considered peddlers or itinerant merchants and ordinances applicable to itinerant merchants and peddlers do not apply to persons freely distributing First Amendment protected messages. 6. Display Media Slides 10 to 15: Public gatherings and First Amendment Conduct . Investigations of public gatherings should be documented. Information obtained during the course of a public gathering preliminary investigation will be made the Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 9 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 subject of an Information Report, in order to facilitate future assessments of resources and public safety. That report, along with pertinent attachments, will be fonNarded through the chain of command to the chief of the bureau of the member, with a copy to the First Deputy Superintendent. - Video recording and photographing of events on the public way are generally appropriate and may be conducted for any proper law enforcement purpose, including documenting violations of law, monitoring police conduct, defending against allegations of police misconduct, aiding in the future coordination and deployment of police resources, and training. Furthermore, audio recording may be authorized at the discretion of an exempt member as circumstances warrant, including documenting the issuance of police orders, warnings, or notices. 1. If done for any of the above reasons, video recording, audio recording, or photographing a public gathering is not an investigation directed toward First Amendment-related intelligence, and the retention and disposal of such video recording, audio recording, or photographs will follow the restrictions outlined in Item 4 below. 2. Each video recording or photograph will be identified by its own unique tracking number. 3. Video Recording, audio recording, and photographing public gatherings must be approved by an exempt commanding officer. The exempt commanding officer will determine, based upon operational needs, who or which unit will conduct the video recording, audio recording, or photographing. The officer in charge of the event will ensure that the video recording, audio recording, or photographing equipment is available and used appropriately. 4. The retention of video recordings, audio recordings, or photographs taken at public gatherings: A. As soon as practicable, the unit that conducted the recording or photographing will send a To?From-Subject report to the persons listed below, indicating the nature of the video recording, audio recording, or photographs, the fact that they will be held within the unit for sixty days, and requesting a written signature acknowledging that there is no known reason to retain them past the sixty-day time period. (1) General Counsel to the Superintendent; (2) Chief, Bureau of Detectives; (3) Chief, Bureau of Internal Affairs; (4) Deputy Chief, Education and Training Division; Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic. September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 10 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 (5) Commander, Special Events Unit; (6) Chief Administrator, Independent Police Review Authority. Reasons for retention of the video recording, audio recording, or photographs include future training or planning purposes or allegations of criminal conduct or officer misconduct arising out of the event for which the video recording, audio recording, or photographs may be useful. B. If the persons listed above all sign an acknowledgment that there is no known reason to retain the video recording, audio recording, or photographs, then the unit retaining the video recording, audio recording, or photographs will dispose of them but retain the signed acknowledgments in unit files. If any exempt member listed above requests that the video recording, audio recording, or photographs be retained due to future training or planning purposes or due to allegations of criminal conduct or officer misconduct arising out of the event, then the person requesting retention will direct the unit where to send the video recording, audio recording, or photographs. The sending unit will document the transfer of the video recording, audio recording, or photographs in a To-From-Subject report, which will be signed by a member at the accepting unit to indicate receipt of the video recording, audio recording, or photographs. The To?From?Subject report will be retained in the original unit files. 7. Display Media Slide 16: Fourth Amendment Considerations The Fourth Amendment states that, "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized." According to G. 0. 02-02 The FirstAmendment and police actions and 6.0. 03- 02 Use of Force, responders must consider the application of the Fourth Amendment rules of search and seizure during a civil disorder event. Police officers must have probable cause for an arrest or search. 8. Display Media Slide 17: Fourteenth Amendment Considerations Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment states: Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 I Last Revised: August 2017 1 1 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 ?All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.? - The application of due process during a civil disorder does not change. Individuals arrested during a civil disorder event must be afforded due process protection. 9. Display Media Slides 18 and 19: The Use of Force II According to Chicago Police Department (CPD) General Order 03-02 Use of Force, Department members may only use force that is objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional in order to ensure the safety of a member or third person, stop an attack, make an arrest, control a subject, or prevent escape. - The Chicago Police Department recognizes that Department members are often forced to make split-second decisions?in circumstances that are tense, uncertain, and rapidly evolving?about the amount of force that is necessary in a particular situation. These decisions must therefore be judged based on the totality of the circumstances known by the member at the time and from the perspective of a reasonable Department member on the scene, in the same or similar circumstances, and not with the benefit of 20/20 hindsight. In accordance with CPD G.O. 03-02?01 Force Options: A. Sanctity of Human Life. All incidents will be resolved with the foremost regard for the preservation of human life and the safety of all persons involved. A member's decision to use force will be made in accordance with GO3-O2, "Use of Force." B. De?Escalation. Department members will use de-escalation techniques to prevent or reduce the need for force when it is safe and feasible to do so based on the totality ofthe circumstances. This includes continually assessing the situation and modifying the use of force as circumstances change and in ways that are consistent with officer safety. C. When Force is Authorized. Department members' use of force must be objectively reasonable, necessary under the circumstances, and proportional Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 12 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 to the threat, actions, and level of resistance offered by a subject. D. The Department expects members to develop and display the skills and abilities that allow them to regularly resolve confrontations without resorting to force, or by using only the amount of force required under the circumstances. 10. Display Media Slides Spray . Oleoresin capsicum (CC) is an inflammatory agent that occurs naturally in cayenne peppers. The use of OC spray is intended to increase control by disorienting the subject and interfering with the subject's ability to resist arrest. OC spray causes a variety of immediate respiratory including coughing, gagging, and the inability to vocalize. It causes a burning sensation with local inflammation and redness of the skin. Additionally, OC spray causes stinging and redness in the eyes, plus can make the eyelids twitch and close - According to CPD General Order 03-02?05 OLEORESIN (OC) DEVICES AND OTHER AGENT USE OC spray is an authorized force option against passive resisters only under the following conditions. No other use of oleoresin capsicum is authorized against passive resisters. Occupants of a motor vehicle who is passively resisting arrest and only after obtaining authorization from an on-scene supervisor the rank of sergeant or above. 0 Noncompliant groups, crowds, or an individual taking part in a group or crowd and only after obtaining authorization from the Superintendent or his or her designee. - According to CPD General Order 03-02-05 (OC) DEVICES AND OTHER CHEMICAL AGENT USE OC spray is an authorized force option against active resisters: If an active resister is part of a group or crowd, CC is authorized only after obtaining approval from the Superintendent or his or her designee. - NOTE: Special weapons that dispense the Capsicum powder agent or larger volumes of chemical agents are authorized force options against active and passive resistors that are part of a noncompliant groups, crowds, or an individual taking part in a group or crowd only under the following conditions: Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevlc, September 2012 I Last Revised: August 2017 13 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 - when the chemical agent is used only for area saturation, and - only after obtaining authorization from the Superintendent or his or her designee. 11. Display Media Slide 22: The Use of Canines - According to CPD Special Order 03-04-01 Canine Teams, a supervisor may request the assignment of canine teams in a crowd control situation. However, only a sworn member of exempt rank will authorize the use of canine teams when the crowd becomes so unruly that it cannot be contained by other police methods and the crowd is likely to cause personal injury or property damage. 12. Display Media Slide 23: Prohibitions on the Use of Firearms . According to CPD General Order 03-02 Use of Force, the use of firearms in the following ways is prohibited: 1. Firing warning shots. 2. Firing at subjects whose actions are only a threat to themselves attempted suicide). 3. Firing solely in defense or protection of property. 4. Firing into crowds. However, this prohibition does not preclude the use of deadly force directed at a specific person who is near or among other people, but the use of deadly force in such circumstances is only permitted in the limited circumstances when such force is reasonably necessary to prevent death or great bodily harm to the sworn member or to another person, and no reasonable alternative exists. In such circumstances, the use of deadly force is permissible only if the member has identified the appropriate target prior to discharging the firearm and has taken reasonable precautions to ensure that people other than the target will not be struck. 5. Firing into buildings or through doors, windows, or other openings when the person lawfully fired at is not clearly visible, unless directed at a specific location and such force is reasonably necessary to prevent death or great bodily harm to the sworn member or to another person. In such Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 14 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 circumstances, the use of deadly force is permissible only if the member has identified the appropriate target prior to discharging the firearm and has taken reasonable precautions to ensure that people other than the target will not be struck. 6. Firing at or into a moving vehicle when the vehicle is the only force used against the sworn member or another person, unless such force is reasonably necessary to prevent death or great bodily harm to the sworn member or to another person. NOTE: When a vehicle is the only force used against a member, the member will not place themselves in the path of the moving vehicle and will make every effort to move out of the path of the vehicle. Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 I Last Revised: August 2017 15 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 HOUR THREE DEMONSTRATOR GROUPS AND TACTICS 1. Display Media Slide 1: Introduction to Demonstrator Groups and Tactics - At the outset of the class, the instructor(s) should introduce himself or herself, welcome the learners to the class, and provide a brief overview of the third hour of instruction. 2. Display Media Slide 2: Learning Objectives Hour 2 . State different types of demonstrator groups and the tactics used by some groups 3. Display Media Slide 3: Demonstrator Groups and Tactics - Most protesters are peaceful law abiding people who just want their issues to be heard, but there are a core group of people, such as anarchists, who can cause chaos in the streets. - Demonstrator tactics can cause traffic disruption, property damage, and harm to citizens or first responders. DEMONSTRATOR GROUPS 4. Display Media Slides 4 to 6: Anarchists . Anarchists believe that private property is theft, state property is an object for the protection of corporate interests, and that both must be destroyed for the creation of a society based on mutual aid and individual liberty. The groups associated with the anarchist movement have a variety of names: ACC, Globalize This, South Dakota Radicals, Food not Bombs, Black Cat Collective, Black Cross, North Eastern Federation of Anarcho Communists, and A.N.S.W.E.R (Act Now to Stop War and End Racism). Regardless of the name, anarchists believe in revolution and the overthrow of government. I ANARCHIST FLAG VARIATION Flags are used by anarchist at protests, rallies and venues Anarchist flags can be solid black with the red anarchist 0 When the flag displays the colors black over red, it indicates the presence of anarchist following the communist ideology Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 /Last Revised: August 2017 16 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 If the flag is displayed as red over black then individuals are communists adhering to an anarchist ideology - A black bloc is a collection of anarchists and anarchist affinity groups organized together for a particular protest action. Rather than an organization, a black bloc is a tactic. The actions of a black bloc change from protest to protest, but the goals are to provide solidarity in the face of a repressive police state and convey an anarchist critique of whatever is being protested. A group conducting a black bloc will attack police, if they are in the way. The group?s main targets are the perceived rich and powerful. Additionally, law enforcement members are viewed as the protectors of their targets. - Traditionally, participants in a black bloc dress entirely in black and cover their faces. Their faces are covered for three reasons: 0 It is a statement that everyone is equal it is a demonstration of leaderless resistance 0 It is a way to maintain individual anonymity - Recent trends have shown participants of a black bloc dressing in more mainstream attire in order to blend in with other protest groups. Further, black bloc members have changed clothes during protesting. They have been observed wearing all black with their faces covered, changing into mainstream clothing, and then changing back into all black over a period of time (Toronto Police Service, 2011). - The Washington, DC. Anti?Capitalist Convergence (A00) is a coalition of anti- capitalists that exists to end what they view as an oppressive and destructive capitalist system. Their belief system is summarized in the following statement: - ?We are opposed to capitalism. We fundamentally reject a social and economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and exchange. We reject a system driven by an exploitative logic that sees human beings as human capital, ecosystems as natural resources, and culture as simply a commodity. We reject the idea that the world is only valuable in terms of profit, competition, and efficiency.? (US. Department of Homeland Security, 2007) 5. No Media Slide VIDEO - Show the Anarchist video from the CDP Field Force Operations course at this time Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 17 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 6. Display Media Slides 7 and 8: Environmental and Animal Rights Groups I This section discusses several environmentally oriented groups, including the Animal Liberation Front (ALF), the Earth Liberation Front (ELF), Greenpeace, and People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). I The Animal Liberation Front (ALF) carries out direct action against animal abuse in the form of rescuing animals and causing financial loss to animal exploiters, usually through the damage and destruction of property. ALF members have been known to free animals from testing laboratories (Louisiana State University, Center for Domestic Preparedness, Texas A University New Mexico institute of Mining and Technology, 2004). I The Earth Liberation Front (ELF) website states: ?The ELF realizes the profit motive caused and reinforced by the capitalist society is destroying all life on this planet.? ELF members feel that the only way to stop continued destruction of life is to, by any means necessary, take the profit motive out of society. Members of ELF have been known to damage vehicles that do not have efficient gas mileage and cause property damage to structures that were built on land that was previously wilderness (Louisiana State University, Center for Domestic Preparedness, Texas A University New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 2004). I Due to the illegal nature of activities, activists work anonymously and there is no formal organization. There are no offices, leaders, newsletters, or official memberships. Anyone who carries out direct action according to guidelines is a member. Both groups have taken credit for numerous incidents of property destruction. I According to the Greenpeace Mission Statement, ?Greenpeace is an independent non?profit global campaigning organization that uses non-violent, creative confrontation to expose global environmental problems and their causes. We research the solutions and alternatives to help provide a path for a green and peaceful future.? The main focus of Greenpeace is the environment, but it is also involved in antiwar, animal rights, and other issues. They claim to be nonviolent, but they are highly confrontational. I According to the PETA website, is dedicated to establishing and protecting the rights of all animals. PETA operates under the simple principle that animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, or use for entertainment.? Another highly confrontational group, PETA has been responsible for blocking Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 18 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 access to events, such as circuses and rodeos; assaults (throwing blood on people); burglary into research labs; and other actions (US. Department of Homeland Security, 2007). 7. Display Media Slide 9: Anti-Globalization Groups - Two groups associated with the anti-globalization movement are the Latin America Solidarity Coalition (LASC) and the Mobilization for Global Justice. - The Latin America Solidarity Coalition (LASC) is an association of Latin American and Caribbean solidarity groups that are based in the United States. Many LASC groups have long histories of working with grassroots organizations throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. goal is to define common goals and shared strategies for these groups. work focuses on several hemisphere-wide issues, as well as country-specific topics. - The Mobilization for Global Justice group envisions another world where the World Bank and IMF are open to scrutiny, poor countries are debt free, the World policies no longer hinder access to basic human needs and rights, and socially and environmentally destructive policies come to an end. - These groups may draw large crowds and conduct acts of civil disobedience, but are not usually violent (US. Department of Homeland Security, 2007). 8. Display Media Slide 10: Other Groups - Antiwar Groups 0 Antiwar demonstrations have been conducted throughout history. With each conflict, a new group takes the lead in the movement. Police officers must continually research which groups are active, along with their respective goals, objectives, and tactics. 0 Currently, the most vocal group is A.N.S.W.E.R. Although part of the anti- capitalist movement, it is seen as a leader in the antiwar movement, as evidenced by its protest against the war in Iraq. A.N.S.W.E.R. does not publish a mission statement or information about the organization (US. Department of Homeland Security, 2007). - Abortion Groups 0 Abortion has been an issue for many years. Groups on both sides ofthe issue have conducted numerous protests that are usually peaceful. Groups Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 I Last Revised: August 2017 19 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 often attempt to block access to facilities, use passive resistance, or look themselves together. There have also been acts of violence, primarily when there are counter?demonstrations. Although the protests have generally been conducted without injury, officers should use caution. There have been bombings, arson, and homicides connected with this issue (US. Department of Homeland Security, 2007). . Other Groups 0 Many instances of past civil disorder events involving the activities of sports fans lends credence to the notion that sporting events can easily erupt into chaos. This section discusses sports fans, as well as a group known as the Ruckus Society. 0 In an interview with USA Today about sports fan behavior, Merrill J. Melnick, sports sociologist at The State University of New York at Brockport and coauthor of Sports Fans: The and Social Impact of Spectators, stated: ?In sports we call these things ?celebratory riots.? They are marked by a collective misbehavior when a large number of people are experiencing ecstasy and euphoria mixed in with large amounts of alcohol. These things tend to start off benign, with a lot of social milling. It doesn?t take too much to get things going in a negative direction. It can start with a bonfire or a tipped-over car. There is a thin line between ecstasy and anti?social behavior. It?s like all the norms are suspended.? Melnick says that in Great Britain, placing cameras throughout the stadiums has lessened the problem of soccer fan violence. Local authorities in Maryland have used videotape to track down agitators. Melnick states that,?When you know you can be identified, you are much less likely to do those things.? 0 According to their website, ?The Ruckus Society provides environmental and human rights organizers with the tools, training, and support needed to achieve their goals.? 0 The Ruckus Society is not directly involved with protests or civil disorder. It provides training to other groups or individuals. workshops include but are not limited to: nonviolent direct action, scouting, action planning and coordination, climbing for direct action, blockades, electronics and direct action, media, strategic campaigning, banner construction and rigging, Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 20 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 political theater, antiracist organizing, and Internet digital activism (US. Department of Homeland Security, 2007). 9. Display Media Slide 11: Direct Action Network - DEMONSTRATOR TACTICS 0 Much like police officers, protest groups will identify their objectives and develop plans and tactics to meet them. For example, one common tactic is to gather people in the streets to block traffic; the objective is to shut down the city. Law enforcement has developed strategies and tactics to minimize the effect, such as parade permitting, directing the march by blocking intersections, and having officers walk beside the protesters to channel them in the right direction. These law enforcement tactics work well for controlling the movement of people on foot. 0 Protest groups have recognized law enforcement tactics and developed the critical mass idea. Instead of using people on foot, protest groups use bicycles because they move faster and officers on foot cannot keep up with bikes. Smaller groups could more easily break off from the main group and block intersections outside the route. Adding several hundred bicycles to the arrest process can complicate the accounting for prisoner property and increase the risk of injury to officers and protesters. It is important for law enforcement to study protester tactics and anticipate how they will change. This section will discuss some of the most current demonstrator tactics. There may be other tactics currently in use that are not mentioned. It is important to research the groups, understand their tactics, and look historically at how they have developed in order to anticipate future actions (US. Department of Homeland Security, 2007). 10. Display Media Slides 12 and 13: Direct Action Network's Philosophy - Many protest event organizers stress peaceful demonstrations and nonviolent direct actions. Over the past several years, there has been an increase in confrontational aggressive tactics and verbal and physical altercations between protest extremists and police officers. Some protest organizers encourage participants to adopt a diversity of tactics, ranging from acts of simple disobedience to violent criminal behavior. - The Direct Action Network?s philosophy is, movement united in a common concern forjustice, freedom, peace and sustainability of all life, and a Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic. September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 21 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 commitment to take direct action to realize radical visionary change.? This broad statement attracts a wide range of groups, including those whose focus includes anti-globalization, environmental, antiwar, and freeing political prisoners. When dealing with a direct action, law enforcement must be prepared to deal with a variety of groups that use a wide range of tactics. - In order tojustify participating in illegal acts, direct actions adhere to the following ideas: 0 Intervention demands responsibility. 0 A smaller harm is acceptable if it prevents a greater harm from occurring. . One interpretation is that it is acceptable for protesters to break laws that they consider to be less important, like vandalizing automobiles and buildings, in order to prevent a greater harm, such as damaging the environment (US. Department of Homeland Security, 2007). 11. Display Media Slides 14 to 16: Individual Roles within Protest Groups - Individual Roles Within Protest Groups 0 Protest groups are becoming more organized daily. Many state they follow a philosophy of leaderless resistance, but the reality is that there are leaders and an organized structure. However, the organizers of a planned march or parade should not be confused with the organizers for civil disobedience and disorder. With the exception of the legal advisors and medical teams, it is difficult to identify many individuals within the protest groups? organization (US. Department of Homeland Security, 2007). - Spokesperson 0 Just as law enforcement has a Public Information Officer (PIO) acting as spokesperson, one or several members of the protest groups will act as spokesperson(s). It is this person?s responsibility to ensure that the group is speaking with one voice and that the message the group is attempting to broadcast is properly slanted to support the action. This individual conveys affinity group decisions to core support and other affinity groups in a mass action. He or she also represents the group at council meetings. The council is the decision making committee of the affinity groups participating in the protest. It also provides direction and coordination of the protest, including any direct actions. Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 I Last Revised: August 2017 22 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 - Short-Term Support Person/Action Elf A support person risks arrest but tries to avoid it. The person in this role provides direct personal support for those who may be arrested. Depending on the nature of the action, this means bringing water and food supplies and keeping everyone spirited and informed. He or she leads chants, gives out cigarettes or back rubs, etc. For lockdowns, there may be at least one support person for every two people being arrested. Action elves provide support to protesters involved in direct actions. They will monitor and document activities at the direct action location, jail, and courthouse. They have specific information on the identity of the people they are supporting but will not provide this to law enforcement. - Long-Term Supporters In the event of long jail sentences or fines, long-term supporters help with anything that a person may need including child care, clipping news articles, writing letters to jail, raising a bail fund, etc. Long-term support personnel do not need to know the specifics of the action and are often friends or family unconnected with the direct action. - Jail Support 0 Grounded: This support person will be found somewhere safe, next to a phone that accepts collect calls. He or she has all pertinent information about each member of the group, such as their real name, contacts for parents or loved ones, etc. 0 Mobile: Mobile jail support will have transportation to follow arrestees offsite and preferably a cell phone to keep in contact with other members of the group. They will closely follow departing police vehicles (with arrestees inside) and are prepared to wait at the jail. Many carry supplies snacks, cigarettes, water, and whatever people will want) for when the arrestees are released from jail. . Police Liaison This is the affinity group liaison to the police during direct actions. Viewed as critical to the group?s direct action, the police liaison?s real role is to stall police action as long as possible under the guise of negotiating a settlement. This person is designated to speak with police during the action to convey Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 23 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 information and demands. Additionally, the police liaison takes police messages to the tactical leadership of the group. He or she is articulate, calm, and able to communicate diplomatically with the police. This person risks arrest, as police will sometimes think the person speaking for the group is the group's leader. The police liaison will truthfully say that he or she is not the group?s decision maker and that decisions can only be made by the group as a whole. The real leader of the direct action will attempt to blend in or will be located offsite in order to prevent identification. . Media Liaison The media liaison helps facilitate interactions between the group and the media. He or she prepares press releases and makes calls to get the desired media on-site at the time of the action. 0 He or she knows the issues and sound bites and can speak clearly and articulately to reporters on the issues. - Medical Teams 0 These teams provide medical support personnel for the protesters. They provide medical aid on-scene, but are also part of the protest. Their training is very basic, normally Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and basic first aid. Medical personnel may be uncooperative and confrontational with law enforcement responders when treating any injury that was caused by the group confronting the responders. Medical teams tape red crosses on their clothing (usually on the back or arm) to identify themselves. When someone is injured or ill, protester medical teams demand access to them. If not allowed access, they may become very confrontational and attempt to draw the attention of legal advisors and the media. - Legal Teams Often composed of lawyers and law students, these teams observe and document police actions. When present at demonstrations and direct actions, they are frequently identified by colored hats or clothing that are normally pink or green. Legal teams take notes and photos of the group?s interaction with police officers. Many carry video or still cameras and tape recorders to record actions on the scene. This group of protesters attempts to intimidate law enforcement responders by telling those involved in mitigation tactics that the tactics are illegal and will subject them to legal action. Many legal team Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 24 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 members say they are only neutral observers protecting the rights of both the protesters and law enforcement. - Tactical Advisor 0 This person provides advice and leadership to affinity/direct action groups and is essentially a field commander. He or she is present at the demonstration/direct action site, usually in the rear. He or she documents the police response to the action and reports to leadership on the size and actions of the police response. If necessary, the tactical advisor will communicate via radio or messenger. If a direct action grid system is used, a tactical advisor will be assigned to each grid. - Communications Specialist 0 This individual provides cellular telephone or radio communication between affinity groups and the main control center. He or she is a critical element in direct actions and will be physically present at direct actions and demonstrations. To the extent possible, the other protesters will attempt to protect him or her from arrest. Communications specialists are aware that law enforcement may be listening and have devised other means of communicating with each other; one system is the use of a messenger. - Messenger 0 Messengers deliver messages among affinity groups, tactical advisors, and the main control center. To increase mobility, they are usually on bicycles. There will be numerous messengers at an event. They attempt to blend in and avoid detection because law enforcement could follow them to the leadeh - Scout/Intelligence Specialist 0 Scouts/intelligence specialists gather information on potential targets and locations for direct actions and demonstrations. In addition, they gather information on police deployment during actions. Normally, the scout moves ahead of street marches. It must be remembered that the demonstrators? intelligence group may be in place weeks before a major event. They gather information on police structure, mobility, and assets. Demonstrators also gather intelligence information before and during their protest actions. Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 25 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 0 They glean information from many sources and by various methods, including the following: Surveillance Public records requests Law Enforcement Agency (LEA) web pages Law enforcement contacts Law enforcement articles Monitoring of LEA communications Careless discussions by officers Careless security of operational plans 12. Display Media Slide 17: Convergence Centers - The convergence center serves as a meeting and lodging point for various affinity groups. It may be used as the command and control center for some or all ofthe planned direct action. Abandoned buildings, warehouses, dormitories, or even personal residences may serve as convergence centers, which are often located in close proximity to the targeted protest site. Convergence centers may offer some or all of the following: communications, first aid, housing, meals, storage of devices and supplies, and training for the construction of devices, signage, and puppets (US. Department of Homeland Security, 2007). 13. Display Media Slides 18 to 24: Demonstrator Tactics . Demonstrator Tactics 0 Many ofthe tactics that activists use are taught at training camps sponsored by the direct action organizations. The primary training organization is the Ruckus Society, based in Berkeley, CA. The Ruckus Society provides assistance in planning, logistical support, tactics, and organization during major direct actions. These tactics have been consistently used at the WTO, RNC, DNC, presidential inaugurations, FTAA, and other demonstrations over the past few years (US Department of Homeland Security, 2007). - Banner Hanging In order to reach a mass audience and promote their cause, protesters seek high structures that give the public unobstructed views. Climbers hang banners on cranes, multi-storied buildings, and bridges, as well as the Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 26 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 buildings housing the target of the protest. Banner hanging may be conducted days prior to the actual event to rally support. . Tripods (Malaysian Teepees) Tripods are used to block traffic, attract public and media attention, and strain police resources. Disassembly by law enforcement responders is difficult and possibly life-threatening due to the intricate design of the device. Protesters often secure themselves to the apex with a noose around their neck. Due to the cumbersome nature of the device, tripod components may be concealed near its planned erection site or in large street puppets. . Barrel Rolling This tactic involves filling fuel drums or dumpsters with water or cement and rolling them into police lines. This tactic is effective in slowing the response of the police and hinders vehicle movement. During the IMF demonstration of April 2001, demonstrators set fire to dumpsters and forced them into police lines. - Jersey Barriers Protesters move jersey barriers, fencing, and dumpsters to redirect and impede traffic. Barriers put in place by law enforcement are moved by protesters and used to prevent the movement of responders. . Human Chain 0 This activity is accomplished through the interlocking of arms, legs, and bodies and is used to block streets and intersections. Protesters may incorporate various locking devices into the human chain in order to make their removal more difficult. - Sleeping Dragons (Locking Devices) 0 Protesters have developed a variety of devices designed to lock themselves together or to a fixed object. The purpose is to make the removal of the protester more time consuming, dangerous, and difficult. 0 These devices are constructed of a variety of difficult materials. PVC or steel pipe, normally four inches in diameter, forms the shell. The protester puts an arm inside and is secured to a pin anchored in the center of the pipe. The shell may be covered with other material, such as concrete-filled barrels, Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 I Last Revised: August 2017 27 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 concrete-filled sleeves, tar, chicken wire, and duct tape, in order to complicate the extrication process. 0 In most cases, the individual has the ability to release the device and may claim the dismantling attempts by responders are evidence of police abuse. Specially trained extrication units have been very effective in defeating these types of locking devices. It is extremely important that only personnel trained specifically to conduct the extrication do so in order to avoid increasing the risk of injury to both the protester and responders. Another effective police method is to reroute the action away from the sleeping dragon devices. 0 When dealing with locking devices, use caution. Protesters may booby?trap these devices by placing nails, screws, and other materials against the walls of the device. It is conceivable that protesters could conceal explosives, blood-borne pathogens, or Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) within the devices. - Bike Locks 0 bike locks are used to secure people to vehicles, fixed objects, or other people (as in a daisy chain) and are common in protest activities. They are easily concealed by protesters until the moment they are deployed. Protesters can lock themselves before police officers can react and stop them. 0 Once protesters are locked down, they must be extricated by specially trained units. Bike locks are easy to defeat, but special tools are required and officers must be trained in proper extrication techniques. The person locked in the device or a nearby support person may be in possession of a release key, even if they profess not to have one. o? VIDEO Show the bike lock video from the CDP Field Force Operations course at this time. . Body Blocking/Human Wall 0 This tactic is used when an individual or a group places him or herself/itself in front of a vehicle, preventing it from moving. Protesters may feign injury as a diversionary tactic or to elicit sympathy from the media. - Passive Resistance Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 28 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 0 One form of passive resistance is allowing the body to go limp and providing no assistance in movement during the arrest process. ?In your face passive resistance" is sometimes used where the protester stands within the police officer?s personal space and will not leave. He or she may simply stare, be verbally abusive, take pictures, or use other tactics to distract the police officers and make him or her feel uncomfortable. - Noncooperation Protesters may carry no form of identification, provide no verbal information, or force police to carry them from the protest event. Protesters are instructed not to speak with law enforcement at any time. If approached, they will ask if they are under arrest; if not, they will immediately leave. If they are under arrest, protesters are taught to state that they want a lawyer and refuse to answer any questions. Most direct action protesters receive some form of legal training prior to the event. Protesters placed under arrest might not give their real names. They may provide a nickname or ?John or Jane Doe.? However, most will not give a fictitious name, as this can lead to further charges. . Street Marches/Snake Dances Street marches or snake dances begin at a centralized assembly area. They then move along a seemingly unplanned path through the streets, blocking traffic and damaging property. This type of march may splinter into several different marches, traveling in different directions when confronted and then regrouping several blocks away. The snake march may also begin from several locations and move to support each other when police confront one or the other. Marchers may or may not obtain a permit to march. Street puppets are very visual and may be used by demonstrators to block streets. They can also conceal sleeping dragons, tripods, and other weapons and equipment to be used by the protesters. - Dumping Dump trucks are often leased to deposit manure, sand, rocks, or hazardous waste in view of high-visibility venues or at key roads and intersections to block access to an event. - Unarrest The unarrest is used if enough people are present when an individual is arrested. The protesters surround the arrestee and arresting officer and pull Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 I Last Revised: August 2017 29 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 away the arrestee, thereby unarresting him or her. Assaults on police officers may also occur. The Ruckus Society teaches a technique known as a ?puppy pile.? The protesters call this a nonaggressive unarrest tactic; however, law enforcement will probably not agree with this terminology. During the arrest of a protester, other protesters jump on the police officers and hold them to the ground, thereby releasing the arrestees. . Graffiti 0 Stickers and graffiti are often posted in protest areas to promote acts of property vandalism and destruction. Bearing slogans and symbols, they may also serve as identification of a site targeted for further direct action. Spray paint is commonly concealed on the protester?s person or in a backpack. . Destruction of Property/Looting 0 While not all protesters advocate or participate in the destruction of property or looting, it does occur. There may be identified targets, like banks or government buildings being attacked by anarchists or a Gap store being attacked by child labor groups. In other situations, the property may just be one of opportunity. For example, a nearby clothing, electronics, or liquor store may be affected, as in the case of following events after the Rodney King incident in Los Angeles. 0 Police vehicles are often targeted by protesters. Tires are deflated, slashed, punctured, and the vehicles themselves are overturned or set aflame. Protesters who plan on causing property destruction at an event often carry items, such as small crowbars, screwdrivers, hammers, or assorted makeshift tools. They will be used to break windows, pry open doors, and can be used as weapons. Protesters will indicate they are carrying the items for anything other than the intended use. - Monkey Wrenching 0 Monkey wrenching is based on Edward Abbey?s book The Monkey Wrench Gang, which was published in 1975. It is an activity conducted by an individual or small group. Environmental activists use this covert activity. Normally conducted in the dark night, monkey wrenching involves acts of vandalism and destruction of private property. Common tactics include draining oil from construction equipment, pouring material into gas tanks to destroy the engine, gluing locks, cutting down power lines, using arson, and introducing computer viruses. Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 30 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 - Vehicle Tactics 0 Activists use large vehicles buses, trailers, etc.) in order to block intersections and dump manure. Protesters have used vehicles to block bridges and other main thoroughfares. Large organized protests may transport participants in buses to the protest site. This may appear to be a harmless action, but large numbers of buses used to transport protesters can cause congestion on the streets and can be a diversionary tactic. 0 Another recent vehicle tactic used a nonparticipant vehicle. A small group of protesters walked into a roadway and stopped a large truck crossing a bridge. Two other protesters attached ropes to the truck and jumped off the side of the bridge. The truck could not be moved and effectively blocked the road until the protesters could be removed. - Public Transportation 0 Protesters will oven/vhelm bus and rail systems by mass ridership or protest activity at major transportation arteries. This can tax transportation systems beyond their operational capabilities and cause major delays or shutdowns. - Exploitation Tactics 0 While attempting to gain support for their cause, activists will attempt to organize the local population by associating local issues with their cause. Activists realize that every area of the country will have some issues that concern the local populace. Protesters have been known to use immigration problems, union or labor strife, civil rights, and police brutality as tools to organize local support for their cause. 0 The protest organizers also use other organizations to increase their numbers. In the city of Seattle during the WTO demonstrations, the American Federation of Labor-Congress of International Organizations (AFL-CIO) amassed thousands to increase the numbers of protesters and effectively shut down the WTO meetings. This tactic has been very successful in other areas to gather people in support of a cause. . Smoke Grenades Protesters may deploy civilian or military grade smoke grenades during a confrontation with police officers. There are several motives for using this tactic. First, it gives the impression that large amounts of gas are being used Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 /Last Revised: August 2017 31 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 by police. Second, smoke grenades are used to confuse line officers and make them think the incident is much more serious than it actually is. Third, it conceals protester activities. Fourth, it encourages law enforcement to deploy gas masks. This will inhibit the responders? vision and increase the risk of heat-related injuries and dehydration. Other Demonstrator Tactics 0 Additionally, protesters use intimidation tactics to prevent or interfere with law enforcement activities, such as: Photographing law enforcement?Photographs are taken of law enforcement responders and operations, as well as suspected undercover officers, and posted on the Internet. Physical presence?Protesters will stand close in front, beside, or behind responders (if they can get there) in an effort to invade his or her personal space. They may stand silently, speak in a normal tone, or even yell at the responders. The objective is to make the responder as uncomfortable as possible. This can either distract the officer or elicit an inappropriate physical or verbal response. 14. Display Media Slides 25 to 26: Intelligence and Countermeasures Activists examine law enforcement personnel and equipment response prior to special events in order to anticipate and prepare appropriate countermeasures to police tactics. Facilities and equipment: Prior to the event, law enforcement and jail facilities are often photographed and mapped for direct action planning. Equipment capabilities are analyzed and countermeasures are established to diminish their effectiveness. Tactical reSponse: Protesters review and analyze law enforcement tactical response to develop counteractions against police crowd control formations and security perimeters. Probing incidents: Prior to the event, some groups may orchestrate seemingly spontaneous demonstrations and report false fire alarms and suspicious package incidents to monitor the response time and manner of public safety personnel and equipment. Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 32 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 . Monitoring police communications: Law enforcement communications are routinely monitored by protest organizers. Police radio frequencies may be published on the Internet. The content of responder radio and cell phone interceptions are transmitted to other protesters on the street via cell phone or two-way radios. Interception equipment is often housed in vehicles, hotel rooms, or abandoned buildings near the venue or protest site. During the WTO in Seattle, a van was used to monitor and jam police communications. lntercepted police communications were immediately uploaded to the Internet and made available on a real-time basis. - Marking police personnel: Activists often attempt to mark suspected plainclothes law enforcement responders using paint or a strong-smelling agent. Locations of both uniformed and plainclothes responders are communicated to protest organizers via a radio or street messenger. - Theft of law enforcement equipment: Protesters have stolen police radios, phones, uniforms, and plans in an attempt to monitor and disrupt police operations. Thefts of equipment have occurred during physical altercations with protesters and from unattended vehicles. In one instance, sensitive documents were stolen from the vehicle of an identified commanding responder, and tactical reports and cell and fax numbers were posted on the Internet and distributed among protesters. - In?ltration: Protesters employ a variety of methods to obtain access to event venues, including gaining employment or volunteering for entities admitted to the event venues, use of media passes to obtain access, and the theft and illegal purchase of event credentials. Protesters are instructed to attempt to obtain media credentials. They can be obtained from legitimate media outlets, fictitious media outlets, and can be copied or stolen. Media credentials may allow the protester additional access to events and special consideration by law enforcement. One protester stated that he used fictitious media credentials to gain access to a presidential-level briefing. 15. Display Media Slide 27: Media Manipulation and Police Provocation - In?ammatory protest materials: These are often observed at antiabortion and animal rights demonstrations and reflect graphic depictions of aborted fetuses and maimed animals. They have provoked both verbal and physical altercations between opposing protest groups and individuals. Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic. September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 33 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 - Children and the elderly: These are prominently positioned by protesters to gain sympathy and negative portrayals of police dispersal and arrest actions. . Accusations of police misconduct: These are often used by protesters to avoid arrest and gain the sympathy of the media and bystanders. Protesters will lie in front of police cruisers, claiming to be intentionally struck by the officers. They may also introduce homemade pepper spray and smoke bombs during confrontations to simulate the police discharge of such crowd dispersal agents. 16. Display Media Slides 28 to 30: Violent Demonstrator Tactics - Violent Demonstrator Tactics 0 Protesters plan and resort to violent tactics with the intention of causing injury. The target of the tactics varies, depending on the cause of the protest. The target is often law enforcement responders, as in Seattle and Quebec. Regardless of the reason for the attacks, police personnel must be constantly alert for actions, equipment, and individuals who may be preparing to use violent tactics. The following are violent tactics used in the past, but other tactics may be developed and used. . Wrist Rockets 0 These are wrist-mounted slingshots that can shoot BBs, marbles, jacks, lug nuts, and other similar items. After a demonstration in Quebec, more than 5,000 wrist rocket boxes were found. - Catapult This ancient device is used to throw excessively heavy objects. The catapult was used extensively during the Summit in Quebec, Canada. During the day, the protesters fired stuffed animals from the catapults. After the sun went down, the catapults were used to launch bowling balls, cinder blocks, and other heavy and injurious objects at police lines. - Fence Breaching 0 Either alone or in large numbers, demonstrators will attempt to breach protective barriers. Responders assigned to secure a perimeter must repel this action. Law enforcement must use aggressive tactics to stop the breach of a protective wall or barrier, again causing the appearance that the government is provoking the incident and using excessive force. If a fence is Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 34 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 breached, protesters may use the fencing material as weapons against the police. - Incendiary Devices 0 Various incendiary devices may be used, including the popular ?Molotov Cocktail.? Webster?s ll Dictionary defines a Molotov cocktail as, makeshift incendiary device made of a breakable container full of flammable liquid and equipped with a rag wick.? In Quebec, an estimated 450 Molotov cocktails were thrown. Kerosene-soaked rags may be tied to a rock, a length of chain, or other heavy item to increase their distance. - Impact Weapons 0 Violent protesters use anything that can be considered an impact weapon. Many of the banners, signs, and posters are attached to sticks, poles, or other material. They are designed to be disassembled and used as a weapon. Weapons are found in the area of other incidents, including construction sites, sporting goods stores, (in Quebec protesters used hockey sticks), and even fencing set up by law enforcement. - Mirrors 0 Mirrors may be used to reflect light and impair the vision and visibility of law enforcement responders and of surveillance and media camera lenses. Protesters will repeatedly reflect light into the eyes of defense line personnel to cause irritation and increase fatigue. Laser pointers have also been used to cause irritation in police officers. - Hazardous Substances Protesters in recent demonstrations have used large water guns and/or spray bottles filled with ammonia, bleach, urine, homemade incapacitating agents, or other hazardous substances to spray on police personnel. Balloons filled with paint or other toxic materials have also been used against police and civilians. Cans of spray paint carried by protesters can be used to spray the protective visors of responders? helmets, affecting visibility. Animal rights protesters have been known to use animal blood against police personnel or other selected targets. - Battering Devices Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic. September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 35 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 Protesters have used improvised shields, unsecured police barricades, security fencing, or other available materials to break through police and venue defense lines. Protesters have also used grappling hooks, sledgehammers, and crowbars to bring down security fences. . Trash Dumpsters 0 Trash dumpsters in various shapes and sizes are in every community. During the Seattle WTO event in 1999, protesters moved and used numerous trash dumpsters to their advantage. The dumpsters were placed in the middle of streets and their contents lit on fire as a barricade. They were also used as shields from LLM. The riots in Seattle helped other cities prepare for subsequent events. . Other Violent Demonstrator Tactics 0 Protesters have also used all of the following against people, property, and law enforcement responders: Fireworks and rockets Improvised Riot Control Agents (RCA) Placement of suspicious packages WMD Threats and hoax devices Caltrops (an antipersonnel weapon made up of two or more sharp nails or spines arranged in such a manner that one of them always points upward from a stable base) Throwing golf balls, bottles, full cans of soup, pieces of concrete Overturning police vehicles (The Seattle Police Department, 2000). VV Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 36 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 HOURS FOUR AND FIVE TEAM TACTICS 1. Display Media Slide 1: Introduction . At the outset of the class, the instructor(s) should introduce himself or herself, welcome the learners to the class, and provide a brief overview of the next hour of instruction. 2. Display Media Slide 2: Learning Objective Hours this class, the learner will be able to: 0 Describe the team tactic formations that are used in crowd control situations 3. Display Media Slide 3: Teamwork . The concept of team tactics implies supervised and controlled conduct within a group of police officers who produce high quality results. Working as a team builds confidence and reinforces proper reaction. The presence of organization within a team can intimidate the opposition. Additionally, team tactics can counteract tactics utilized by some protesters. The concept of working as one unit within a team structure must be ingrained in police officers in order to be effective. - Using team tactics has a military type advantage over larger organized groups. When used appropriately, strategically planned team tactics can overwhelm a larger force. The key to successful team tactic operations are in the creation of a well-disciplined, trained, and controlled working team. - Using a team approach demands a higher level of training for all responders. This training enables the quick restoration of order during disturbance events and guarantees the protection of citizens? constitutional rights. Responders must use their tactics and work as a team in order to stay ahead of the demonstrator reactions. 4. Display Media Slide 4: MFF Size, Command Staff, and the Squad - MFF SIZE 0 The size of a Mobile Field Force (MFF) unit can be adjusted to meet the needs of individual departments, available resources, different situations, and Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic. September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 37 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 individual commanders. MFF COMMAND STAFF The MFF commander/platoon leader is typically a lieutenant or captain, depending on the size of the MFF. Effective MFF commanders are proven leaders who are decisive, disciplined, and well-respected by their superiors and subordinates. Accompanying the commander in his or her vehicle is a sergeant, who is designated as the executive officer. The commander should designate a second-in-command. A platoon leader may designate an aide to serve as a recorder or scribe. Two officers are assigned as support staff. One officer may function as a grenadier for deploying Riot Control Agents (RCA) or Less Lethal Munitions (LLM). Another officer is assigned as a driver and may provide security in hostile areas. MFF SQUAD The basic element of a MFF is a squad led by a sergeant. The basic squad consists of one squad leader and 7-10 officers. In the squad, one officer can be designated as a grenadier. The squad leader makes assignments within the squad based on size, abilities, and experience. 5. Display Media Slide 5: MFF Commands MFF units are directed by verbal commands, hand signals, and physical contact. Everyone must understand all of the commands and react immediately when the commands are given. Commands are given by the platoon or squad leader. If given by the platoon leader, the commands are repeated or echoed by all squad leaders. This will ensure that the directions were understood and that the squad members are receiving them directly from their squad leader. All commands must be given in the most direct and forceful manner. A military bearing demonstrates to the protesters that the MFF is a well?disciplined and highly trained unit. 6. Display Media Slide 6: Verbal Commands Verbal commands must be simple and easy to understand. They must be given in a loud and clear voice (or via radio if available). During a civil disorder, it may be difficult to hear verbal commands, so they must be combined with hand signals. 7. Display Media Slide 7: Preparatory Commands Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 38 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 These commands alert the platoon that further instructions (command of execution) will be forthcoming. The preparatory command is followed by a short pause before the command of execution is given. Examples of preparatory commands are as follows: 0 Forward 0 Line formation 0 Wedge formation 8. Display Media Slide 8: Commands of Execution Upon giving the command of execution, the unit will immediately conduct the movement directed in the preparatory command. Examples of commands of execution are: 0 Move 0 Halt 0 March 9. Display Media Slide 9: Hand Signals Hand signals are used in conjunction with verbal commands and must be given in an obvious manner. It will be difficult to see or hear during a civil disorder and misinterpretation could lead to confusion. During a civil disorder, noise can prohibit police officers from hearing verbal commands. Hand signals are used with both preparatory commands and commands of execution. Examples of hand signals are: 0 Line formation: Arms straight out to the sides and hands open. 0 Encirc/ement: Arms forming a circle above the head. An example of a common command of execution hand signal is the command for the unit to move. The squad leader points both hands downward at the ground when the verbal ?Move? command is given. Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic. September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 39 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 10. Display Media Slide 10: Physical Contact There may be times when verbal commands cannot be heard and hand signals cannot be seen. in these cases, physical contact commands must be used. They are simple and may be followed by other hand signals or verbal commands once the attention of the responder is gained. An example of a physical contact signal is a double tap on the shoulder of a line officer to open the line and allow the arrest team through the line. 11. Display Media Slides 11 to 13: Moving in a Column Formation After dismounting, the MFF squad moves in a column formation. The squad leader leads the column with the grenadier being the last in line. The squad members are one arm?s length apart, which is commonly referred to as ?dress and cover.? If more than one squad is moving together, they move in a double column with the odd-numbered squads on the left and the even numbered squads on the right. When multiple squads are moving in a column formation, the platoon leader leads in front. This enables all squad leaders and officers to see the commander?s hand signals. The key to successful MFF operations is discipline and squads must move as well-trained teams. Marching in step and showing confidence presents a commanding presence. 12. Display Media Slide 14: Formation Movement Speeds and turning movements Squads can be moved in columns and other formations at three speeds: a half- step, march, and double-time. There are several turning movements, including column right, column left, about face, and counter columns. There is no hand signal for column movement commands. At a half-step march: At a half step is a slow walk. Officers step forward with their left foot and then bring the right foot forward, even with the left foot. The right foot does not move in front of the left as with a normal step. In addition to the half step, officers yell, ?Move Back,? and do a baton thrust from port arms. The Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic. September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 40 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 sight of this formation alone is very effective at moving a crowd, but teamwork and discipline are crucial. The officers in a squad must step, yell, and baton thrust at the same time. Preparatory command: At a half?step 0 Command of execution: March 0 Hand Signal: One arm in front at an approximately 90 degree angle and tapping it halfway between the elbow and the wrist with the other hand. - Fon/vard march: A march is a regular interval walk. Squad members do not yell or execute a baton thrust. It is important that squads maintain line formation and present a well-trained and disciplined front. This requires that all squad members stay in step and carry their batons in a similar manner. 0 Preparatory command: Forward 0 Command of execution: March - Double-time march: Double-time is used when squads need to move quickly. it is a slow run with all squad members staying in step. Double-time is normally used when the squads are moving as a column, not in a line or wedge formation. It allows the squad to get from one location to another more quickly in an organized manner. 0 Preparatory command: Double?time 0 Command of execution: March - Turning movements: When columns move, they may have to turn. Keeping the concepts and commands simple are important to maintaining a well-disciplined squad. ?Column Right" and ?Column Left? work well as turning commands for making 90 degree movements. The most difficult turning movement is reversing direction when the column is moving forward. The ?About Face? is functional, but it reverses the order of the squad. The grenadier would be in front and the squad leader in the rear. A movement for reversing the column is a ?Counter Column.? Squad one and three turn to the right, turn 180 degrees, and move to the opposite side of squads two and four. Squads two and four turn a sharp 180 degrees. 0 Preparatory command: Counter columns Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 /Last Revised: August 2017 41 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 0 Command of execution: March 13. Display Media Slide 15: Baton Use - Batons are a necessary part of a police officer?s equipment in responding to a civil disorder event. Although collapsible batons can be used, they do not provide the durability of a straight baton. Holstered position (also called Order Arms): The baton is carried on the officer?s duty belt with a baton ring. 0 Pon? arms position: This is the most commonly used holding position for the baton. It can be used when squads are in any formation and when marching at any speed. Port arms puts the officer in a ready position and more readily able to react. From this position, officers can conduct a variety of offensive and defensive maneuvers. Port arms adds to the impact of the officer?s physical presence by deterring the protesters? actions. The right hand is to be positioned on the handle of the baton with an overhand grip. The left hand will be placed on the long portion of the baton with an underhand grip. It is held this way regardless of the officer?s strong or weak hand. When the baton is brought to port arms, the left hand is positioned directly in front of the left shoulder, keeping the elbow close to the side. The right hand is positioned in front of the right hip, keeping it at belt level. The right elbow is kept close to the side. The baton should be at an approximately 45 degree angle to the belt. 0 On-guard position: The on-guard position can be used with all formations, much like port arms. It has a much more aggressive appearance to the protesters and is used when the threat level is increasing. From this position, officers can conduct a variety of offensive and defensive maneuvers. Normally, officers move from the port arms position to the on-guard position. The right hand will be on the handle portion of the baton and the left hand will be on the long portion. There are two differences between the port arms and on-guard positions. First, the officer will move the left foot fonivard. Second, the long portion of the baton is rotated down until it is pointing fonivard. The left hand will be extended out and the elbow bent. The right hand will be at belt level on each officer?s side. Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 42 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 0 Port arms push: This is used to move a person who is too close to an officer when an officer intends to move. It can be used from a standing or moving position and is very effective when used with the verbal command ?Back.? The officer moves the baton straight out from the port arms position and pushes the baton against the person. The port arms push is a controlled shove, not a sharp strike. Officers must be careful and keep their hands in the correct position when conducting a port arms push. How hard an officer needs to push will vary with the situation. The key is to use only reasonable and necessary force based on the Use of Force Model. 0 On-guard thrust: This is used to move a person who is too close to the officer or when the officer intends to move. It can be used from a standing or moving position and is very effective when used with the verbal command ?Back." From the on-guard position, the baton is moved straight forward. The officer extends the arms straight fonNard until the tip of the baton comes into Contact with the target area. The key is to use only reasonable and necessary force based on the Use of Force Model. 0 Baton retention: Always use a firm grip on the baton in order to have control of the baton. If a police officer?s baton is taken by a protester, the baton can be used as a weapon against police officers. 14. Display Media Slide 16: Line Spacing . The line spacing is an important aspect of being able to complete the MFF mission. The spacing can vary, depending on the number of officers, the area to be coVered, the number of protesters, and the threat the protesters present. Line spacing will be considered either tight or tactical. 0 Tight spacing: Tight formations require a large number of officers, but are very effective in presenting an intimidating show of force. They are also much more difficult for protesters to breach. In tight spacing, the officers are shoulder-to-shoulder. There is just enough room between officers for them to move without interfering with those next to them. 0 Tactical spacing: Tactical spacing allows fewer officers to cover a large area. it can be used with all MFF formations. The width of the space can vary from one to several feet. There will be a point at which the space is too large for Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 43 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 officers to hold the position without compromising their safety. The decision must then be made whether to reinforce or tactically redeploy to another area. The squad leader will determine the size of the gap and move officers accordingly. The weak spot of the formation will be the space between the officers. 15. Display Media Slides 17 to 21: Skirmish Line Formation . SKIRMISH LINE 0 The skirmish line formation is the most basic and effective disorder control formation used throughout the world. The MFF vehicles park safely away from the area in which they will be deployed because the vehicles may become targets of the protesters if they are not secured and protected. Squad members retrieve their equipment and immediately fall into a column formation. Squad leaders conduct a quick inspection of equipment and designate squad members as even or odd numbers for gas mask deployment (discussed later in this lesson). 0 Once in a skirmish line, the squad leaders fall in behind their squads with the arrest team in support and the grenadier within an earshot of the squad leader. The skirmish line can remain static as a human barrier or can move to channel or disperse the crowd. Supervisors must stay close behind his/her assigned squad in order to give commands, support, and directions. A well- organized and disciplined team of officers with a military bearing sets the tone (U.S. Army, 2005). . SKIRMISH LINE COMMANDS 0 Whenever a platoon of officers is facing a crowd, the members of the platoon lower their face shields and carry their baton in a right-handed port arms position. It is important that officers use the same carry method to portray a well-disciplined unit. In order to form a skirmish line from a two column platoon formation, the platoon leader will voice the following commands while simultaneously rendering hand signals. The squad leader echoes the preparatory command and the command of execution. Preparatory command: Line formation Command of execution: Move Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 44 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 Hand signal: Arms extended and held parallel to the ground, fingers apart I COLUMN MOVEMENT TO SKIRMISH LINE 0 The squad or platoon may be formed into columns in order to be moved into position. When they arrive at their assigned area, the platoon leader will give the commands to form into a skirmish line. On the preparatory command, the squad leader will step out so that everyone in formation will see the signal. On the command of execution, the squad leader moves to the side and allows the squad to move into formation. The squad leader should encourage the squad members as they pass. The first officer from squad one and the first officer from squad two should immediately move to the location designated by the platoon leader. The other members of squad one should deploy to the left of the first officer from that squad. The members of squad two should form to the right of the first officer of that squad. Squad three should continue on line to the left of squad one and squad four should continue the line to the right of squad two. The squad leaders should then take a position directly behind their squad and ensure that members of the squad are properly aligned. If a grenadier is deployed with a squad, he or she should take a position near the squad leader and await specific directions. SKIRMISH LINE CLOSE SUPPORT 0 Close support provides two lines of officers, one in the gap behind the other. Close support can be used when officers are facing large numbers of protesters, when protesters are attempting to break the line, or to display an intimidating police presence. This formation can utilize either tight or tactical spacmg. 0 Whenever a platoon of officers is facing a crowd, the members of the platoon should lower their face shields and carry their impact weapons in a right? handed port arms position. It is important that all officers use the same carry method to display a well-disciplined unit. 0 In order to form a skirmish line in close support from a two?column platoon formation, the platoon leader should voice the following commands while simultaneously rendering a visual hand signal. The squad leaders repeat the preparatory command and the command of execution. Preparatory command: Line formation close support Command of execution: Move Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic. September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 45 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 Hand signal: Arms extended and held parallel to the ground with clenched fists I COLUMN MOVEMENT TO SKIRMISH LINE CLOSE SUPPORT On the command of execution, the squad leader moves to the side and allows the squad to move into formation. The squad leader should encourage the squad members as they pass. The first officer from squad one and the first officer from squad two should immediately move to the location designated by the platoon leader. The other members of squad one should deploy to the left of the first officer from that squad. The members of squad two should form to the right of the first officer of that squad. 0 Squad three should move directly behind squad one in the same sequence, filling in the gaps. Squad four should move directly behind squad two in the same manner. The squad leaders should then take a position directly behind both squads on their side of the center and ensure that members of the squad are properly aligned. If a grenadier is deployed with a squad, this member should take a position near the squad leader and await specific directions for the use of crowd control munitions. The front line should cover the rear line. if any of the second line officers are protruding past the end of the front line, they can either close the gap between the officer next to them or step behind them. 16. Display Media Slides 22 to 25: Wedge Formation I WEDGE FORMATION 0 Using the same principles as the line formation, wedges are useful for penetrating and dividing a crowd. As with all MFF tactics, additional squads can be used to increase the size of the wedge formation. It is important to note that in a wedge formation, all officers in the formation will face the front. 0 in order to form a wedge formation from a two-column platoon formation, the platoon leader shall voice the following commands and simultaneously render a visual hand signal: Preparatory command: Wedge Formation Command of execution: Move Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 I Last Revised: August 2017 46 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 Hand signal: Arms extended and held in a position above the shoulders, fingers apart. I COLUMN MOVEMENT TO WEDGE FORMATION On the command of execution, the squad leader moves to the side and allows the squad to move into formation. The squad leader should encourage the squad members as they pass. 0 The first officer from squad one should immediately move to the location designated by the commander. The next officer from squad one should simultaneously take a position one step to the left and one step behind the first member of squad one. The other members of squad one should deploy one step to the left and one step behind the officer in front of them. The members of squad two should deploy one step behind and one step to the right of the officer in front of them. This will form a wedge, with squad one forming the left side and squad two on the right. 0 The squad leaders should then take a position directly behind their squad and assure that members of the squad are properly aligned. If a grenadier is deployed with a squad, he or she should take a position near the squad leader and await specific directions for the use of crowd control munitions. . WEDGE FORMATION CLOSE SUPPORT 0 Close support provides two lines of officers, one in the gap behind the other. Close support can be used when officers are facing large numbers of protesters. It reinforces the line and provides support for penetrating and dividing the crowd. 0 ln order to form a wedge formation close support from a two-column platoon formation, the platoon leader should voice the following commands while simultaneously rendering a visual hand signal: Preparatory command: Wedge formation close support Command of execution: Move Hand signal: Arms extended and held in a position above the shoulders with fists clenched . COLUMN MOVEMENT TO WEDGE FORMATION CLOSE SUPPORT Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 47 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 On the command of execution, the squad leader moves to the side and allows the squad to move into formation. The squad leader should encourage the squad members as they pass. 0 On the command of execution, the first officer from squad one should immediately move to the location designated by the commander. The next officer from squad one should simultaneously take a position one step to the left and one step behind the first member of squad one. The other members of squad one should deploy one step to the left and one step behind the officer proceeding them from that squad. 0 The members of squad two should deploy one step behind and one step to the right of the officer in front of them. This will form a wedge, with squad one forming the left side and squad two on the right. The members of squads three and four should deploy behind squads one and two in the same manner, filling in the gaps. The squad leaders should then take positions directly behind their squads and ensure that members of the squads are properly aligned. If a grenadier is deployed with a squad, he or she should take a position near the squad leader and await specific directions for the use of crowd control munitions. 17. Display Media Slides 26 to 27: Lateral Support . The weak spots of the line and wedge formations are at the ends. If the end is left hanging, protesters can move to the rear flank of the formation. The MFF can become surrounded if this occurs. Using squads as lateral support can provide protection for the flanks of the formation. The squads face fonNard when in the lateral support formation. They must be aware of and react to threats coming from the side. . In order to form a lateral support from a two-column platoon formation, the platoon leader should voice the following commands while simultaneously rendering a visual hand signal: 0 Preparatory command: Right (left or right and left) lateral support 0 Command of execution: Move Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 48 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 0 Hand signal: The appropriate arm(s) is held out to the side, bent at a 45 degree angle so that the fist is up. The arms moving back and forth toward the head in a waving motion. 18. Display Media Slides 28 to 31: Encirclement - ENCIRCLEMENT The encirclement technique is used to contain a group of individuals and effect an orderly arrest. The number of squads required will vary with the size of the group to be encircled. 0 As the MFF encircles the group, the arrest teams form outside the encirclement. The first officer in the first squad faces the group; the first officer in the second squad faces the crowd; the third faces in; the fourth out, etc. This allows the squad to monitor both groups. It is very important for squad members to anticipate their position in the circle before moving. This will reduce the risk of over-running and leaving a gap on the backside of the circle. 0 An officer opposite the commander reads the warning to disperse. This officer attests that the warning was audible to the furthest person away. Upon the command to arrest, the arrest team supervisor deploys arrest squads in an orderly and controlled process. 0 To use the encirclement technique from a two-column platoon formation, the platoon commander shall voice the following commands and simultaneously render a visual hand signal: Preparatory command: Encirclement Command of execution: Move Hand signal: Arms extended and held in a circular position above the shoulders, fingers apart COLUMN MOVEMENT TO ENCIRCLEMENT On the command of execution, the squad leader moves to the side and allows the squad to move into formation. The squad leader should encourage the squad members as they pass. On the command of execution, the entire Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012/Last Revised: August 2017 49 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 platoon should immediately move to the location designated by the platoon leader and form a circle around the group that must be contained. 0 The first officer in squad one will face out. The rest of squad one will face in and out alternately. The first officer in squad two will face in. The rest of squad two will alternate facing in and out. This allows officers to address threats from both the encircled group and from outside the encirclement. It is very important for squad members to anticipate their position in the circle before moving. The platoon leader, squad leader, and grenadier will be in a position between the inner and outer circle. I ENCIRCLEMENT CLOSE SUPPORT 0 Using multiple squads, the MFF can form two circles around a group of protesters. This tactic is very effective when there are threats from outside the circle and more security is needed. 0 This tactic allows officers to stay more focused on the task in front of them and not worry about covering their backs. In order to use the encirclement close support technique from a two column formation, the platoon leader should voice the following commands while simultaneously rendering a visual hand signal: Preparatory command: Encirclement close support Command of execution: Move Hand signal: Arms extended and held in a circular position above the shoulders with fists clenched On the command of execution, squads one and two should immediately move to the location designated by the commander and form a circle around the group that must be contained. All squad members will face inward toward the protest group. The platoon leader, squad leader, and grenadier will be in a position between the inner and outer circles. Squads three and four move in the same manner in a circle outside of squads one and two. All squad members will face out. It is very important for squad members to anticipate their position in the circle before moving. This will reduce the risk of overrunning the position and leaving a gap in the circle. Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 50 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 If a grenadier is deployed with the squad, he or she should take a position near the squad leader and await specific directions for the use of crowd control munitions. 19. Display Media Slides 32 to 33: Separation - SEPARATION 0 Sometimes opposing groups face off pro-choice and pro-life groups) and police officers become the peacemakers. When the line of distinction between two protest groups is erased and they become mixed, a swift police response can diffuse the situation. 0 The objective of the MFF is to redefine and separate the groups. The MFF commander divides the unit into two columns (side by side), placing the odd- numbered officers across from the even?numbered officers. With grenadiers protecting the front and rear and the supervisors in the middle, the readied field force double-times to the center of the non-hostile crowd. The arrest team becomes a rescue team and removes individuals from the opposing forces. The field force acts as a physical barrier until permanent barriers are constructed. . SEPARATION COMMANDS 0 To form a separation from a two-column platoon formation, the platoon leader should voice the following commands, while simultaneously rendering a visual hand signal: Preparatory command: Separation Command of execution: Move Hand signal: Arms held straight out to the side with approximately a 90- degree bend at the elbows. The hands are not clenched. (The arms are held in this position while moving fonivard until the elbows touch. This movement is repeated a minimum of three times). I COLUMN MOVEMENT TO SEPARATION FORMATION On the command of execution, the entire platoon shall double-time to the Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 51 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 position designated by the platoon leader. This position could be between two opposing groups of protesters. Once in position, the members of squads one and three shall perform a left face and the members of squads two and four shall perform a right face. This turning movement is completed with the squad leaders giving a facing command. The squads shall then await further instructions from the platoon leader. 20. Display Media Slide 34: Gas Mask Deployment - The deployment of gas masks by a MFF must be a coordinated effort by all responders and completed only at the instructions of the squad leader. It must be conducted in a manner that will not compromise the safety or integrity of the unit. There are various methods of completing this tactic, but all of them have half the squad or platoons don their masks while the other half maintains their positions. Once the masks are secured, the two groups switch places. . As noted earlier, when the MFFs arrive on scene, the squad leader will conduct a quick inspection. The officers then count off one, two, one, two, etc. and their number will determine whether they deploy gas masks with the odd or even group. 21. Display Media Slide 35 to 36: Odd/Even Gas Mask Deployment . GAS MASK DEPLOYMENT The odd/even gas mask deployment is used when the squad or platoon is in a skirmish line or wedge formation. It is used when there is time to conduct masking operations, not for an emergency situation. When the squad or platoon leader gives the commands, half the MFF falls behind the officers to the left, drop to one knee, and don their gas masks quickly. After donning their masks, the officers take their place back in line, tap the shoulder of their counterparts, and change positions. The next officers, who were providing cover, immediately drop behind the officers who already donned their gas masks, don their mask, and then take their place back in formation. The squad leaders and grenadiers alternate donning their masks. The commands for odd/even gas mask deployment are as follows: Preparatory command: Prepare to mask with odd/even deployment Command of execution: Move Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 52 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 Hand signal: Pulling on the chin and then waving one finger I GAS MASK DONNING The donning steps are as follows: Drop to one knee, placing the baton behind the knee Remove the mask from the carrying case Remove helmet Place the mask on Pull face straps Conduct pressure test Replace helmet 22. Display Media Slide 37: Emergency Donning - There may be a time when a squad is not notified that gas has been deployed in its area or when suspects are believed to have released a suspected injurious substance. When this occurs, the squad must conduct emergency donning operations because they do not have time to wait. The officers must put the mask on as quickly as possible or become overcome themselves. . When the command is given, all officers drop and don the mask as quickly as possible. The protester may still be a threat, but the masks should minimize the effects of the gas. Officers should still maintain visual contact with the protesters. The donning steps are as follows: 0 Drop to one knee, placing the baton behind the knee 0 Remove the mask from the carrying case 0 Remove helmet 0 Place the mask on Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 /Last Revised: August 2017 53 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 0 Pull face straps Replace helmet Conduct a pressure test . Commands for emergency mask donning are: 0 Preparatory command: Mask, mask, mask Command of execution: Mask, mask, mask Hand signal: Both hands tapping the tops of the shoulders 23. Display Media Slide 38: Gas Mask Doffing - After the ?all clear? signal is given, officers will remove their masks using the odd/even tactic. The doffing steps are as follows: 0 0 Drop to one knee, placing the baton behind the knee Remove helmet The mask is quickly pulled off Replace helmet Prepare straps for donning Replace the mask in the carrying case - Commands for gas mask removal are: 0 Preparatory command: Prepare for all clear Command of execution: Move Hand signal: Tapping the face-piece of the mask 24. Display Media Slide 39: Crowd Control Formation VIDEO Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 54 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 - Play Crowd Control Formations (V316) video for the class . CROSS BOW The cross bow tactics are dynamic and use tactical spacing and quick platoon movements. The tactics are platoon-sized maneuvers. As with all tactics, communication is critical. Cross bow tactics use surprise and a controlled rush to startle the protest group and cause them to move. 0 There are two ways to execute the cross bow tactics. The first is to halt the squads, give the commands for line formations, and then give the command for cross bow. The second is to give the emergency line formation command and then the command for cross bow. All cross bow hand signals are given in two parts. The first indicates that the tactic will be a cross bow. The signal is the arms crossed above the head. The second signal is for the specific tactic: Line, arrest, rescue, or column. 25. DiSplay Media Slides 40 to 42: Cross Bow Line - CROSS BOW LINE 0 The cross bow line is much the same as the skirmish line. It is a line of officers, tactically spaced and facing the crowd. The difference is in how it is formed and reinforced. The formations are quickly formed with officers moving at double-time. The platoon comes to a halt and the platoon leader gives the commands for the tactic. Squads one and two will move fon/vard at double-time, yelling as they move. They form a tactically spaced skirmish line and begin moving fon/vard at a half-step. Squads three and four remain in place. 0 The first skirmish line moves fonNard no more than 15 yards. As they approach the 15 yard mark, the remaining two squads are given the command for a cross bow line. They move fonNard at double?time in columns until they split the first line. Squads three and four then form into a tactically spaced line and begin moving fon/vard at a half?step. 0 After squads three and four are moving fon/vard, squads one and two form into a two?column formation. 0 To form a cross bow line from a two?column platoon formation, the platoon Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 55 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 leader should voice the following commands while simultaneously rendering a visual hand signal: Preparatory command: Cross bow line formation (When the preparatory command is given, all squad members will move their left foot forward. This indicates that they understood the command and are prepared to move). Command of execution: Move Hand signal: Two parts-The arms are raised above the head and are crossed at the wrists (cross bow); the arms are then extended straight out to the side (line). 26. Display Media Slides 43 and 44: Cross Bow Arrest - CROSS BOW ARREST The cross bow arrest tactic is effective in apprehending an individual in a crowd. It is a fast moving tactic, using the elements of speed and surprise. 0 The platoon comes to a halt and the platoon leader gives the command for the tactic. Before moving, the platoon leader will designate either squad three or four as the arrest squad. The squad leader will assign members as either security or carry officers and quickly brief them on their assignments. There should be at least three security officers and either two or four carry officers, depending on the need. If only two are needed, the other two officers will be assigned to security. The squad leader of the arrest team will signal the platoon leader when he or she is ready. It is very important for the squad leader to take a minute to make assignments in the squad, identifying the carry officers and the target(s) of the arrest. 0 When the command is given, squads one and two will move forward at double-time, yelling as they move. They form a tactically spaced skirmish line and begin moving forward at a half-step. Squads three and four remain in place. 0 The platoon leader will signal either verbally or by touch for the arrest squad to move forward. The signal should be as covert as possible, so as not to alert the targeted individual and allow him or her to flee. The arrest team then Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 ILast Revised: August 2017 56 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 moves forward. They do not yell, but move through the skirmish line directly to the target. When the arrest team reaches the target, they quickly take their positions and secure the person. The sergeant will give the signal to return back through the line. Due to noise, this signal may need to be done by tapping each squad member on the shoulder. If the target runs, the arrest team is not to pursue. A general rule ofthumb is that the arrest team should not go further than 15 yards into the crowd. Any further could cut them off from assistance. The squad leader is the last squad member back through the line. He or she must ensure that all officers are accounted for. CROSS BOW ARREST COMMANDS 0 To use a cross bow arrest technique from a two-column platoon formation, the platoon commander shall not give any verbal signal. Only hand signals and touch commands will be used. Preparatory command: No verbal preparatory command is given and only hand signals are used. When the first hand signal (cross bow) is given, all squad members will move their left foot fonNard. This indicates that they understood the command and are prepared to move. Command of execution: Move Hand signal: Two parts The arms are raised above the head and are crossed at the wrists (cross bow); one hand grips the wrist on the other arm (arrest). 27. Display media Slides 45 and 46: Cross Bow Rescue During a civil disorder event, individuals may be injured. Police officers and fire department personnel may be tasked to rescue the person by entering a hostile crowd. The cross bow rescue is a dynamic tactic that moves responders into and out of a crowd quickly. The platoon comes to a halt and the platoon leader gives the commands for the tactic. Before moving, the platoon leader will designate either squad three or four as the rescue squad. Based on information regarding the person to be rescued, Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 I Last Revised: August 2017 57 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 the squad leader will assign responders to either carry or security. in most cases, only two carry officers will be needed. The squad leader of the rescue team will signal the platoon leader when he or she is ready. I When the command is given, squads one and two will move fon/vard at double- time, yelling as they move. They form a tactically spaced skirmish line, not to exceed 15 yards toward and begin moving fonNard at a half-step. Squads three and four remain in place. I The platoon leader will signal for the rescue squad to move fonNard. Both verbal and hand signals are given. The rescue team then moves fonNard. They yell as they move through the skirmish line directly to the target. I When the rescue squad reaches the target, they quickly take their position and secure the person. The sergeant will give the signal to return back through the line. Due to noise, this signal may need to be done by tapping each squad member on the shoulder. I The squad leader is the last squad member back through the line. He or she must ensure that all officers are accounted for. I To use the cross bow rescue technique from a two-column platoon formation, the platoon commander shall voice the following commands while simultaneously rendering a visual hand signal: 0 Preparatory command: Cross bow rescue (When the preparatory command is given, all squad members will move their left foot fonNard. This indicates that they understood and are prepared to move). 0 Command of execution: Move 0 Hand signal: Two parts The arms are raised above the head and are crossed at the elbows (cross bow); one hand is cupped over the top of the other (rescue). 28. Display Media Slide 47: Department Streaming Videos I Play Officer Carry Protocol (V317) video I Play Crossbow Rescue and Arrest Formations (V323) video 29. Display Media Slides 48 to 53: The Riot Shield I Riot Shield Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 /Last Revised: August 2017 58 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 A police officer may be required to be part of a riot control formation where the officer?s primary protection is a riot shield. The riot shield offers protection from the top of the head to just below the knees. The riot shield is primarily a defensive weapon, which may be used in an offensive mode. It is used as an offensive weapon when the police formation is in close contact with rioters. The amount of force used, concerning the riot shield, will be reasonable and necessary within the use of force model guidelines. 0 In the hands of a properly trained police officer, the riot shield has proven to be the first line of defense for a formation. The riot shield may be used as an offensive weapon when in contact with an aggressive crowd based on the use of force model. - Riot Shield Carries The riot shield should be worn on the weak hand, while the strong hand braces the shield. The riot shield strap should be on the last strap in order to allow for disengagement. The two basic riot shield carries are as follows: At the ready. The at-the-ready position is used while in a column formation or on the move toward hostilities. This position is designed for rapid movement. It should not be used when in contact with a crowd. On guard. The on-guard position is used when the riot control formation is in contact with the crowd or contact is imminent. The riot shield is held at a inward angle. This allows for debris thrown at officers to fall to the ground. - Defensive and Retention Techniques 0 The primary purpose of the riot shield is for defense. However, each riot shield holder must be proficient in riot shield retention techniques. - Defense 0 The first line of defense for the formation is the riot shield. It is designed to withstand strikes from objects thrown by the crowd. In addition to protecting the riot shield bearer, it also protects other members of the formation from thrown objects. Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 I Last Revised: August 2017 59 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 - Retention 0 When police officers are in contact with the crowd, the crowd may attempt to strip the riot shield from the bearer. In this case, use a stun technique combined with twist and pull. . NOTE: 4. 5. The face shield on the riot helmet must be down. 1. Wear the riot shield on weak hand, strong hand braces the riot shield. 2. 3. If a subject grabs the riot shield, use a stun technique combined with twist and Shield strap should be on last strap to allow for disengagement. pull. Do not strike a subject with the edge of the riot shield. 30. Display Media Slide 54: Use of Force - Reminder: Department members may only use force that is objectively reasonable, necessary, and proportional in order to ensure the safety of a member or third person, stop an attack, make an arrest, control a subject, or prevent escape. Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 60 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 HOURS SIX and SEVEN TEAM TACTICS APPLICATION Police officers must be prepared to respond to a civil action/disorder. The Mobile Field Force (MFF) concept is the basis for all tactics employed by law enforcement at a civil/action disorder. This exercise allows the responders to work as a MFF and perform the necessary tactics in order to respond to a variety of situations. Have the officers practice the below on a drill floor/open area that is safe. 1. Review . Preparatory Command . Command of execution 0 Echo of commands by squad leaders 2. Basics of formation . Attention 0 At ease - Stand easy 0 Port arms 0 On guard 0 Order arms . Baton push from port arms . Baton thrust from port arms . Facing movements (left face, right face, about face, fonIvard march, at a half-step march) . Use of the riot shield 3. Counter column Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic. September 2012 I Last Revised: August 2017 61 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 4. Line formation . Forming from columns . Line spacing (tight and tactical) . Fon/vard march 0 At a half?step . Re-forming in columns, hand and verbal signals . Re?forming in columns by touch 5. Wedge formation . Forming from columns . FonNard march . At a half-step . Re-forming in columns, hand and verbal signals 0 Re-forming in columns by touch 6. Encirclement . Forming from columns . Double time 7. Odd/Even Respirator Deployment . Demonstration and practice 0 Donning in formation . Doffing in formation 8. Emergency masking . Demonstration and practice Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic. September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 62 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 . Donning in formation 9. Line formation close support . Forming . Fon/vard movement 0 Re?forming in columns by squad with verbal, hand, and touch signals 10.Wedge formation close support . Forming . Forward movement 0 Re-forming in columns by squad with verbal, hand, and touch signals 11.Lateral support 0 Line . Wedge 12. Encirclement close support . Reforming Separating the crowd 13. Separation . Reforming Separating the crowd 14.Cross bow: line . Forming from moving columns . Forming from stopped columns 15.Cross bow: arrest Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 63 CROWD CONTROL AND BEHAVIOR Chicago Police Department Basic Recruit Training Hours 1 through 7 . Forming . Movement through the line 0 Arrest team positions 0 Return through the line 16.Cross bow: rescue Forming . Movement through the line . Rescue team positions 4. Repeat formations with noise REFERENCES USED 1. Chicago Police Department. (2002)a. G. 0. 02-02 The First Amendment and police actions. Chicago: Author. Chicago Police Department. (2002)b. 6.0. 03-02 use of force. Chicago: Author. Chicago Police Department. (2002)d. G. 0. 03-02-01 force options. Chicago: Author. Chicago Police Department. (2002)e. G.O. 03-02-05 o/eoresin capsicum (00) devices and other chemical agent use incidents. Chicago: Author. Chicago Police Department. (2002)f. G. 0. 03-02?06 canine use incidents. Chicago: Author. Chicago Police Department. (2005). 8.0. 03?04-01 canine teams. Chicago: Author. Chicago Police Department. (2011) 8.0. 02-02-01 Investigations directed at First Amendment-related intelligence. Chicago: Author. Justex Systems, Inc. (2007). 2007 Police Of?cer Basic Training Curriculum. Huntsville, TX: Author. Submitted By: Sgt. Mark Sedevic, September 2012 Last Revised: August 2017 64